FORMULAS AND CHARGES OF IONS Cations 1+ Group IA (1) Li+1 Lithium Na+1 Sodium K+1 Potassium Rb+1 Rubidium Cs +1 Cesium Fr +1 Francium NH4+1 Cu+1 H+1 H3O+1 Ag+1 Au+1 Ammonium Copper (I) Hydrogen Hydronium Silver Gold (I) 2+ Group IIA (2) Be2+ Beryllium Mg+2 Magnesium Ca+2 Calcium Sr+2 Strontium Ba+2 Barium Ra+2 Radium Cd+2 Cadmium Cr +2 Chromium (II) Cu+2 Copper (II) Fe+2 Iron (II) Pb+2 Lead(II) Mn2 Manganese (II) Hg+2 Mercury (II) Hg2+2 Mercury (I) Ni+2 Nickel (II) Sn+2 Tin (II) Zn+2 Zinc Co+2 Cobalt (II) 3+ Group IIIA (13) Al+3 Aluminum Ga+3 Gallium 4+ Group IVA (14) Si+4 Silicon Ge+4 Germanium Au+3 Bi+3 Cr+3 Co+3 Fe+3 Mn+3 Ni+3 Sn+4 Pb+4 Gold (III) Bismuth (III) Chromium (III) Cobalt (III) Iron (III) Manganese (III) Nickel (III) Tin (IV) Lead (IV) 5+ Group VA (15) As+5 Bi+5 Arsenic (V) Bismuth (V) Anions 1GroupVI IA (17) F –1 Fluoride Cl –1 Chloride Br –1 Bromide I –1 Iodide H –1 Hydride C2H3O2 – CN –1 H –1 OH –1 NO2 –1 NO3 –1 MnO4–1 ClO –1 ClO2 –1 ClO3 –1 ClO4 –1 *** HCO3–1 HSO3 –1 HSO4 –1 H2PO4–1 2Group VIA (16) O-2 Oxide S-2 Sulfide Se-2 Selenide Acetate Cyanide Hydride Hydroxide Nitrite Nitrate Permanganate Hypochlorite Chlorite Chlorate Perchlorate Br & I are similar Hydrogen carbonate Hydrogen sulfite Hydrogen sulfate Dihydrogen phosphate CO3-2 CrO 4-2 Cr2O7-2 C2O4-2 O2-2 SiO3-2 SO3-2 SO4-2 HPO4-2 3Group VA (15) N-3 Nitride P-3 Phosphide Carbonate Chromate Dichromate Oxalate Peroxide Silicate Sulfite Sulfate Hydrogen phosphate PO3-3 PO4-3 AsO4-3 Phosphite Phosphate Arsenate 4Group VA (15) C-4 Carbide Covalent Prefixes monoditritetrapentahexaheptaoctanonadecaundecadodeca- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Oxyanions BrO –1 hypo-(root)-ite (2 less oxygens) hypobromite BrO 2 –1 (root)-ite (1 less oxygen) bromite (root)-ate BrO 3 –1 BrO 4 –1 bromate Per-(root)-ate (1 more oxygen) perbromate Acids Acids (HA) Name depends on anions ending Anion ending Acid Name -ide hydro–(root) -ic acid -ite (root)-ous acid -ate Diatomic molecules: Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, H2, O2, F2 (root)-ic acid Common Complex Ion Ligands Anions Neutral Molecules 1- fluoro chloro F Cl1- aquo ammine H2O NH3 bromo Br1- benzene C6H6 iodo I1- carbonyl CO carbanato CO32- ethylenediamine H2NCH2CH2NH2 or en methylamine CH3NH2 dimethylamine (CH3)2NH nitrosyl NO 1- cyano CN hydrido H11- hydroxo OH nitrato NO31- nitro NO21- oxalato C2O42- or ox Latin Names for Metal Ions in Anionic ions copper cuprate gold aurate 2- oxo O sulfato SO42- iron ferrate 1- lead plumbate silver argenate tin stannate thiocyanato SCN thiosulfato S2O32- Organic Compounds Prefix stems 1 meth- 3 prop- 5 pent- 7 hept- 9 2 eth- 4 but- 6 hex- 8 oct- 10 dec- Single Bonds: -ane; Double Bond: -ene non- Triple Bond: -yne Substituent groups R-CH3 R-Br bromo- methylR-F R- C2H5 fluoro- R- Cl ethylchloro- R-C3H7 propyl- R- I iodo- Organic Functional Groups Category Functional Name Ending Change Category Functional Name O || R-C-H O || R-C-R’ Ending Change Alcohols R-OH -ol Aldehydes Esters R-O-R’ R-yloxy-R’ Ketones -oic acid Amine R-NH2 Ryl-amine R-ylR’-oate Amide O || R-C-NH2 Ryl-amide Carboxylic acid Esters O || R-C-O-H O || R-C-O-R’ -al -one