5G Technology
Agenda
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Development of Mobile Phone Generations
New Features
Key Concerns
Applications
Development
of Mobile Phone Generations
Development
of Mobile Phone Generations
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0G
1G
2G (2.5G/2.75G)
3G (3.5G/3.75G/3.95G)
4G (4.5G)
5G
0G
• Pre-cellular systems
• Mobile radio telephone
• Cars or trucks
– For carrying antennas
1G
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Introduced in 1979
1980s
Analog radio signals
Voice only
2G
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Introduced in 1991
1990s
Digital radio signals
Voice & message
3G
• Introduced in 1998
• 2000s
• Mobile broadband
4G
• Introduced in 2009
• 2010s
• Better and faster MB
5G
• Introduced in Korea
in April 2019
• America
• Switzerland
• England
• China
• …
New Features of 5G
What’s Wrong with 4G?
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Data-rate
Delay
Simultaneous connections
Drop rate
Quality of service guarantees
What’s Wrong with 4G?
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Price per bit
Power consumption
Security/privacy
Support for new applications/markets
– IoT, AR/VR, connected cars
• Support for new mobility requirements
– Mobile hot spots, high speed
5G is developed to address 4G limitations!
New Features of 5G
4G
5G
Compare
Latency
30~50ms
1ms
30~50x
Throughput
100Mbps
10Gbps
100x
Connections
10k/km2
1,000k/km2
100x
Mobility
350km/h
500km/h
1.5x
New Features of 5G
Date rate & latency of 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G
12000
10000
600
500ms
10000Mbps
500
8000
400
6000
300
4000
200
2000
100
100ms
50ms
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0,1Mbps
2G
10Mbps
3G
Data rate
100Mbps
4G
Latency
1ms
5G
0
Key Concerns of 5G
Key Concerns of 5G
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Millimeter Wave
Small Cells
Massive MIMO
Beamforming
Full Duplex
Standalone vs Non-Standalone
Millimeter Wave
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Millimeter Wave
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Millimeter Wave
• 5G Spectrum — Aggregate all available bands
Millimeter Wave
• Millimeter Wave — 30GHz ~ 300GHz
Millimeter Wave
• Advantage
– Extreme bandwidths
– Shorter range for extreme mobile broadband
– Increase the peak date rate greatly without
interfering with other wireless signals or becoming
overly cluttered
– Support approximately 1,000 more devices per
meter than 4G
Millimeter Wave
Small Cells
• Low-powered cellular radio access nodes
• High frequencies radio waves can't travel long
distances
– Signals passing through obstacles decay quickly
• Divide one big base station into several small
base stations
– Helpful in cities
Small Cells
Small Cells
Massive MIMO & Beamforming
• MIMO (Multiple input and multiple output)
– Using large numbers of antennas and Multi-user
MIMO
– Allows reuse of existing sites
• Beamforming（波束赋形）
– Using Phased array antennas
– Direct radio waves to a target
– Millimeter wave beam —— narrow, good
directivity, extremely high spatial resolution.
Massive MIMO
Beamforming
Signal interference
Full Duplex
• Before 5G, all wireless transmitting device is
half duplexed
• Allows communication in both directions
– Unlike half-duplex, allows this to happen
simultaneously
– Double the maximum total transmission capacity
• Analog: a two-lane road with one lane for
each direction
Full Duplex
Standalone vs Non-Standalone
• SA, 5G software on 5G radio hardware
• NSA, 5G software on LTE radio hardware
Standalone vs Non-Standalone
• Initial 5G will depend on existing 4G
infrastructure in NSA mode
– Before maturation of the SA mode with the 5G
core network
NSA well implements the transition from 4G to 5G
Applications of 5G
Internet of Things
• 5G is meant to connect more devices at
higher speeds and make things like lag nearly
non-existent.
Healthcare
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Quickly transmitting large imaging files
Expanding telemedicine
Improving AR, VR and spatial computing
Reliable, real-time remote monitoring
Artificial intelligence
VR & VR Streaming
Cloud Storage