Proposed Sanitary Landfill In Belengu,
Mukim Perak, District Of Temerloh, Pahang Darul Makmur,
For Messrs Sumur Mutiara Sdn Bhd.
Erosion and Sedimentation Report
Table Of Content
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Introduction
1.1
General
2
1.2
Objectives of The Report
3
1.3
Scope
3
1.4
Method of Investigation
3
Background Of The Site
2.1
General
4
2.2
Current Land Use
4
Current Field Investigation And Discussion
3.1
General
6
3.2
Topography and Present Construction Stages
6
Soil Lost and Sediment Yield
4.1
Soil Loss Estimation For Project Site
9
4.2
Sediment Yield Estimation
12
5.0
Recommendations
6.0
Appendix 1: Figures & Table References
13
Appendix 2: Erosion & Sediment Control Plans
Appendix 3: Erosion, Sediment And Stormwater Inspection Guidelines
Appendix 4: Erosion, Sediment And Stormwater Inspection Sheet
Pinnacle Engineering Consult
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Proposed Sanitary Landfill In Belengu,
Mukim Perak, District Of Temerloh, Pahang Darul Makmur,
For Messrs Sumur Mutiara Sdn Bhd.
Erosion and Sedimentation Report
1.0
Introduction
1.1
General
The Project title for which this Erosion and Sediment Report is
prepared, is known as the “Proposed Sanitary Landfill In Belengu,
Mukim Perak, District Of Temerloh, Pahang Darul Makmur”.
The Project will be established on a Pahang State owned land of
100.2acres (40.5hectares) by National Solid Waste Management
Department (Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara) under the
Ministry Of Housing and Local Government (Kementerian Perumahan
dan Kerajaan Tempatan). It is located about 22km from Temerloh
town, and will beaccesible via a new proposed 8.25km road (separate
contract) connecting the site to the FR2 (Jalan Kuantan –Temerloh).
The site currently is currently is a secondary jungle with grown bushes.
This proposed landfill is expected to have a lifespan of 20 years.
During the contruction stage, absence of erosion and sedimentation
control measures could lead to erosion and sedimentation problem on
site and surrounding areas. Subsequently erosion and sedimentation
will directly impact on seven (7) water intakes which are located
downstream of this Sg Rambai sub catchment.
Towards addressing this problem and ensuring a timely and successful
undertaking of this project, Messrs Sumur Mutiara Sdn Bhd, in
October 2012, has appointed Pinnacle Engineering Consult (PEC), to
undertake the Erosion and Sediment Control Plan design and
submission.
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Proposed Sanitary Landfill In Belengu,
Mukim Perak, District Of Temerloh, Pahang Darul Makmur,
For Messrs Sumur Mutiara Sdn Bhd.
Erosion and Sedimentation Report
1.2
Objectives of The Report
This report describes the investigations, surveys, evaluations, findings
and assessment of existing erosion and sediment control system, and
the preparation and formulation of recommended erosion and sediment
control system for the proposed river diversion component.
The objectives of the report are:
1. to highlight the condition of the site prior to the construction
commencement.
2. to highlight the current situation and construction stages of the
river diversion component.
3. to identify impact of construction works with regard to soil
erosion and sedimentation into drainage system and its
surrounding area.
4. to propose solution available to all problems identified.
1.3
Scope
This report covers the Erosion and Sediment impact for the Proposed
Sanitary Landfill In Belengu, Mukim Perak, District Of Temerloh,
Pahang Darul Makmur.
1.4
Method Of Investigation
The information of this report has been provided by Sumur Mutiara
Sdn Bhd. and those obtained from field inspections, site photography
and from construction method statement submitted by Sumur Mutiara
Sdn Bhd.
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Proposed Sanitary Landfill In Belengu,
Mukim Perak, District Of Temerloh, Pahang Darul Makmur,
For Messrs Sumur Mutiara Sdn Bhd.
Erosion and Sedimentation Report
2.0
Background Of The Site
2.1
General
Desk study is important in order to know the history of the site before
the commencement of construction works. Information for this section
is provided by Sumur Mutiara Sdn Bhd.
2.2
Current Land Use
The proposed site is currently an undulating logged over forrested area,
between 50-95 meter above sea level. It is neither occupied with
settlements nor plantation. Within 1 kilometer radius from the site,
there are about less than 10% land area that has been converted into
agriculture. Forrested area to the west is Kemasul Forest Reserve,
which forms 90% of its surrounding land use.
Plate 2.1 Arrow shows the location of the project site (bottom left)
relative to Temerloh Town (upper right)
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Proposed Sanitary Landfill In Belengu,
Mukim Perak, District Of Temerloh, Pahang Darul Makmur,
For Messrs Sumur Mutiara Sdn Bhd.
Erosion and Sedimentation Report
Plate 2.2: Project Key Plan. Note the railway line along the southwestern of
the project boundary
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Proposed Sanitary Landfill In Belengu,
Mukim Perak, District Of Temerloh, Pahang Darul Makmur,
For Messrs Sumur Mutiara Sdn Bhd.
Erosion and Sedimentation Report
3.0
Current Field Investigation And Discussion
3.1
General
Site reconnaissance are important prior to design process. Site visits
was conducted by CPESC Consultant, accompanied by Sumur Mutiara
Sdn Bhd., to several critical locations and specific needs at each
locations were observed. Several visits to the sites were carried out
after the joint site in order to get a better overview of the whole
catchment area.
3.2
Topography and Present Construction Stage
The topography of the site is considered as undulating to almost
generally flat
terain
(refer Plate 3.1). The highest
ground
(approximately RL 91.22m) lies at the peak of hill lock in the eastern
boundary of the project site. The lowest ground (approximately
RL43.81m) within the swampy area at the north western portion of the
project site. The existing natural drainage system are small tributaries
of Sg Rambai which is located South Western of the site.
As at 20th October 2012, earthworks has already commenced on site to
achieve designed platform level.
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Proposed Sanitary Landfill In Belengu,
Mukim Perak, District Of Temerloh, Pahang Darul Makmur,
For Messrs Sumur Mutiara Sdn Bhd.
Erosion and Sedimentation Report
Plate 3.1: Topography of the plot, arrow indicates the existing surface runoff pattern.
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Proposed Sanitary Landfill In Belengu,
Mukim Perak, District Of Temerloh, Pahang Darul Makmur,
For Messrs Sumur Mutiara Sdn Bhd.
Erosion and Sedimentation Report
Plate 3.2: Rainfall Erosivity Map for Pahang
(Soure: DID Guideline For Erosion and Sediment Control In Malaysia, 2010)
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Proposed Sanitary Landfill In Belengu,
Mukim Perak, District Of Temerloh, Pahang Darul Makmur,
For Messrs Sumur Mutiara Sdn Bhd.
Erosion and Sedimentation Report
4.0
Soil Loss and Sediment Yield
Calculation of soil lost and sediment yield requires information on stormwater
and hydrological design data. The overall stormwater hydraulic and
hydrological design were previously carried out by Messrs Jurutera IRCE Sdn
Bhd. Table shown below were extracted from their Hydrological Analysis for
site.
Development Status
I
(mm/hr)
Impervious
Area
C
A (ha)
Pervious
Area
A
C
(ha)
Total
CxA
Q
(m3/s)
Q (l/s)
Pre development, Qp
100.50
0.37
0.00
0.37
21.00
7.71
2.152
2152.17
Post Development, Qa
168.33
0.54
21.00
0.54
0.000
11.25
5.274
5273.66
Table 4.1: Peak Discharge and Volume for Pre and Post Development
4.1
Soil Loss Estimation For Project Site
The soil loss from this project area is estimated using Universal Soil
Loss Equation, USLE:
A = R.K.L.S.C.P
Where,
A = Average annual Soil Erosion Loss (t/ha/yr)
R = Rainfall Erosivity Factor (MJ.mm/(ha.hr.yr))
K = Soil Erodibility Factor (t.ha.hr/(ha.MJ.mm))
L = Slope Length Factor
S = Slope Steepness Factor
C = Cover and Management Factor
P = Conversion Practice Factor
All values of parameters in this equation will be obtained using data that
been obtained for Malaysia condition as presented in Guideline For
Erosion And Sediment Control In Malaysia, published by Department Of
Irrigation and Drainage.
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Proposed Sanitary Landfill In Belengu,
Mukim Perak, District Of Temerloh, Pahang Darul Makmur,
For Messrs Sumur Mutiara Sdn Bhd.
Erosion and Sedimentation Report
Parameter
Rainfall Erosivity (R Factor)
Soil Erodibility (K Factor)
Slope Steepness (S)
LS Factor
C Factor
P Factor
Soil Loss (A) (tonne/ha/yr)
Construction
With Mitigation
Without Mitigation
Type
Value
Type
Value
11,000
11,000
AKOB
0.053
AKOB
0.053
25%
25%
16.651
16.651
Forest (100% Cover)
0.03
Bare Soil
1
Terracing (Slope>20)
0.18
Bare Soil
1
52.42
9,707.53
The step by step calculations of soil loss are as follows.
1) Catchment Area (P1 & P2)
P1
= 1,910 m²
P2
= 1,745 m²
Total = 3.655 km2  2,710,000 m2
2) Determination of Rainfall Erosivity, R Factor
From Figure 3.4 for Pahang, consider the area of Temerloh, and by
interpolation, the R factor for the study area is  11,000
MJ.mm/ha.hr.yr
3) Determination of Soil Erodibility, K Factor
From Geotechnical condition and site geology write-up, the site is
predominantly made up of Soft sandy silts and clay.
Therefore,
K = 0.053
4) Determination of LS Factor
Average slope steepness in the study area, S = 25%, and slope
length,  = 25m.
Hence, from Table 3.5:
LS = 16.651
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Proposed Sanitary Landfill In Belengu,
Mukim Perak, District Of Temerloh, Pahang Darul Makmur,
For Messrs Sumur Mutiara Sdn Bhd.
Erosion and Sedimentation Report
5) Determination of CP Factor (Table 3.8)
Assuming the condition at site is bare land without erosion and
sediment control measures (newly cleared area) :
CP Factor = 1
6) Determination of Soil Loss
The estimation of soil loss for each plot in the study area using
USLE equation for Malaysia condition is as follow:
A = R.K.LS.C.P
A = (11,000)(0.053)(16.651)(1)
A = 9707.53 tonne/ha/yr
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Proposed Sanitary Landfill In Belengu,
Mukim Perak, District Of Temerloh, Pahang Darul Makmur,
For Messrs Sumur Mutiara Sdn Bhd.
Erosion and Sedimentation Report
4.2
Sediment Yield Estimation
The sediment yield from project area can be estimated using MUSLE
equation:
Y = 89.6 (VQp)0.56 (K.LS.C.P)
Where Y = Sediment yield per storm event (tonnes)
V = Runoff volume in cubic meter
Qp = Peak discharge in m3/s
In estimating the sediment yield for the study area, the peak discharge,
Qp, was determined based on Rational Method (DID, 2000), as
recommended in the Urban Stormwater Management Manual, MSMA
2nd Edition (DID, 2011).
Calculation of Sediment Yield using MUSLE
In this case, the value of K, LS and CP factors are assumed the same as
for soil loss estimation above:
Peak Flow
Area
Runoff
A
Volume,
(m2)
V (m3)
3,655
6,328.8
Sediment
Discharge
K
LS
CP
Yield, Y
Qp = C.I.A
Factor
Factor
Factor
(tonne)
0.053
16.651
1
26,987.50
(m3/s)
5.274
Thus,
Total Sediment Yield for P1 : Y = 26,987.50 tonnes/storm event
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Proposed Sanitary Landfill In Belengu,
Mukim Perak, District Of Temerloh, Pahang Darul Makmur,
For Messrs Sumur Mutiara Sdn Bhd.
Erosion and Sedimentation Report
5.0
Recommendations
It is recommended that:
a) The earth slope, regardless of its temporary or permanent status, must be
stabilized. The use of Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECP, plastic
sheets) or close turfing are highly recommended.
b) Temporary earth drains should be established within the the project site as
indicated in the original earthwork plan.
c) Silt fences shall be erected to protect the open flat area to reduce silt laden
surface runoff from entering the drainage system
d) Check dams shall be erected in all temporary drainage line. This will
greatly reduce the runoff discharge speed and will enable silt to be
captured on site before entering natural water bodies.
e) Regular maintenance and desilting of the drains will allow for better
drainage functionality and reduce the discharge of sediment from the
project site.
f) Designated earth moving vehicle / lorries must be defined and established.
This will reduce erosion due to vehicle movement. Surface roughening by
caterpillar track walking should be implemented as it is the simplest and
cheapest way of erosion control.
g) A minimum of two (2) units of sediment basin should be established and
maintained throughout the construction period.
h)
Implementations of designed and proposed BMPs as detailed out in ESC
Plans are highly recommended as it will greatly reduce erosion and
sedimentation on site.
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