Safety, Measurement & Sci Method HW/Classwork
Mangano
NAME:
1. When heating a solution in a test tube, a student should
A) point the test tube in any direction
B) hold the test tube with two fingers
C) cork the test tube
D) wear goggles
2. The directions for a laboratory activity call for 50
milliliters (ml) of solution A. A student accidentally takes
55 ml from the stock bottle. What should the student do
with the extra 5 ml of solution A?
A) Return the extra 5 ml to the stock bottle and
replace the cap.
5. Which safety precaution is recommended when a liquid is
being heated in a test tube?
A) When holding the test tube, keep fingers closest to
the open end of the tube.
B) Direct the flame of the burner into the open end of
the test tube.
C) Stopper the test tube with a rubber stopper.
D) Wear goggles and a laboratory apron.
6. Base your answer to the following question on Base your
answer on the diagram below and on your knowledge of
biology.
B) Pour the extra 5 ml down the drain and rinse the sink
with cold water.
C) Dilute the extra 5 ml with 100 ml of water and pour
it down the drain.
D) Set the extra 5 ml aside in a labeled beaker and ask
the teacher for advice.
3. Chlorophyll can be removed from leaves by boiling them in
alcohol, a flammable solvent. In addition to wearing
safety goggles, which is the safest procedure to follow?
A) A stoppered test tube of leaves and alcohol should
be held over a Bunsen burner.
Which statement describes two unsafe laboratory
practices represented in the diagram?
B) A stoppered test tube of leaves and alcohol should
be placed into a beaker of alcohol on a tripod over a
Bunsen burner.
A) The flame is too high and the test tube is
unstoppered.
C) A beaker of leaves and alcohol should be placed on a
tripod over a Bunsen burner.
D) A beaker of leaves and alcohol should be placed into
a larger beaker of water and heated on a hot plate.
4. Which statement represents an unsafe procedure for
heating a nutrient solution in a flask?
A) heat the solution at the lowest temperature possible
on a hot plate
B) stopper the flask tightly to prevent evaporation of
the solution
C) use a Bunsen burner to heat the solution
D) stir the solution while it is heating
B) The opening of the test tube is pointed toward the
student and the student is not wearing goggles.
C) The test tube is unstoppered and the student is not
wearing goggles.
D) The beaker has water in it and the flame is under the
tripod.
7. Using one or more complete sentences, describe a laboratory activity during which a person should wear
safety goggles.
8. In preparing to dissect a preserved grasshopper, a
student put on a laboratory apron. Then the student
obtained the specimen, dissecting pins, instruments, and
trays and returned to the laboratory work area. Using
one or more complete sentences, state a safety
procedure not mentioned that the student should follow
before beginning the dissection.
12. Using one or more complete sentences, state one safety
precaution that should be used in the laboratory
situation illustrated below.
9. A student is heating a test tube containing a crushed
cracker and Benedict's solution. The student is wearing
safety goggles and a laboratory apron. Using one or more
complete sentences, state one other safety precaution
the student should observe.
10. The diagram below shows a student performing a
laboratory activity.
13. Base your answer to the following question on The
diagram below shows a student conducting a laboratory
experiment.
Using one or more complete sentences, describe one
error in the laboratory procedure shown in the diagram.
11. Using one or more complete sentences, state one safety
procedure that should be followed when an animal
dissection is performed. You may use pen or pencil for
your answer.
Using one or more complete sentences, describe one
safety procedure the student should be following that is
not represented in the diagram.
14. Using one or more complete sentences, explain why a
test tube of material being heated over an open flame
should not be stoppered.
15. Base your answer to the following question on The
diagram below shows a wasp positioned next to a
centimeter ruler.
What is the approximate length of a wing of this wasp?
A) 1.0 mm B) 1.4 cm C) 3.5 cm D) 35 mm
16. Base your answer to the following question on A student measured an earthworm using a metric ruler, as
shown in the diagram below.
What is the length of section A?
A) 7.6 cm
B) 11.6 cm
C) 46 mm
D) 23 mm
17. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents the measurements of two
leaves.
The difference in length between leaves A and B is closest to
A) 20 mm
B) 20 cm
C) 0.65 m
D) 1.6 µm
18. Zebra finches are small black-and-white birds that lay
eggs about the size of a bean seed. Which unit of
measurement is best for accurately measuring the
length of these eggs?
A) millimeters
B) micrometers
C) feet
D) meters
19. According to the chart below, which neuron is the
longest?
22. Base your answer to the following question on The
diagram below represents a Celsius thermometer.
The reading on the thermometer might indicate the
temperature of a
A) healthy human
B) human with a fever
C) very cool day
D) beaker of boiling water
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
20. Which environmental factor could have a temperature
of 39ºC?
23. Base your answer to the following question on A chicken
bone was placed in a graduated cylinder containing 100
milliliters of water. The diagram below illustrates the
new level of water.
A) water temperature at the North Pole in March
B) water temperature in a lake in New York State in
January
C) air temperature in a desert in the southwestern
United States during a day in July
D) air temperature in the Adirondack Mountains of
New York State in December
21. Base your answer to the following question on The
diagram below represents a thermometer that is inside
an incubator.
A student needs to incubate a bacterial culture at 43ºC.
According to the reading on the thermometer, how many
degrees must the temperature in the incubator be
increased to reach this temperature?
A) 9
B) 6
C) 3
D) 12
What is the volume of the chicken bone?
A) 41 mL
B) 42 mL
C) 141 mL
D) 142 mL
24. Base your answer to the following question on What is
the volume of water in the graduated cylinder shown
below?
A) 10.3 mL
B) 13.0 mL
C) 13.5 mL
D) 14.0 mL
25. State one type of measurement data that can be
obtained from the proper use of a graduated cylinder.
27. The volume of liquid shown in the graduated cylinder at
the right is
A) 15.0 ml
B) 16.0 ml
C) 16.5 ml
D) 17.0 ml
28. A student needs 20 milliliters of water for an
experiment. How much additional water must the
student add to the graduated cylinder shown below to
reach 20 milliliters?
26. What is the volume of the liquid indicated in the diagram
below of a graduated cylinder?
A) 23 ml
B) 26 ml
C) 27 ml
D) 28 ml
A) 6.0 ml
B) 6.5 ml
C) 7.0 ml
D) 13.0 ml
29. A graduated cylinder containing water is shown in
diagram A below. Pea seeds were dropped into the
cylinder and the results are shown in diagram B.
31. The diagram below represents a graduated cylinder
containing a liquid.
What is the volume of water displaced by the seeds?
How many milliliters of fluid should be added to the
graduated cylinder to raise the volume to 21 milliliters?
A) 15 ml
A) 10
B) 14 ml
C) 5 ml
D) 4 ml
30. Base your answer to the following question on In the
diagram below, letter A represents the starting volume
of liquid in a graduated cylinder. Letter B represents the
volume after 8 milliliters of this liquid was removed.
B) 5
C) 8
D) 4
32. A transparent metric ruler is placed on the stage of a
microscope and observed under low power. The
diameter of the field of vision was found to be 2
millimeters. How many micrometers is the diameter?
A) 10
B) 200
C) 1,000
D) 2,000
33. Base your answer to the following question on the
diagram below of some internal structures of an
earthworm and on your knowledge of biology.
This information indicates that the scale on this
graduated cylinder is in milliliter increments of
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8
Structure A has a diameter of 3 millimeters. What is
the approximate diameter of the blood vessel indicated
by arrow C?
A) 2.5 mm
B) 2.0 mm
C) 1.5 mm
D) 0.5 mm
34. Which group of measurement units is correctly arranged
in order of increasing size?
A) micrometer, millimeter, centimeter, meter
B) millimeter, micrometer, centimeter, meter
C) meter, micrometer, centimeter, millimeter
D) micrometer, centimeter, millimeter, meter
35. Which sentence represents a hypothesis?
A) Environmental conditions affect the pollination of
plants.
B) Boil 100 milliliters of water, let it cool, and then
add 10 seeds to the water.
39. An experimental design included references from prior
experiments, materials and equipment, and step-by-step
procedures. What else should be included before the
experiment can be started?
A) a set of data
C) Is water depth in a lake related to available light in
the water?
B) a conclusion based on data
D) A lamp, two beakers, and elodea plants are selected
for the investigation.
D) an inference based on results
36. As part of an investigation, 10 bean seedlings in one
setup were grown in the dark, while 10 seedlings in
another setup were grown in sunlight. All other growth
conditions were kept the same in both setups. The
seedlings grown in the dark were white with long,
slender stems. These seedlings eventually died. The
seedlings grown in the sunlight were green and healthy.
Which hypothesis was most likely being tested in this
investigation?
A) Plants grown in the dark cannot perform the
process or respiration.
B) Sunlight is necessary for the normal growth of bean
plants.
C) Light is necessary for the germination of bean
seeds.
D) Light is necessary for proper mineral absorption by
plants.
37. A new concept that is tested in a scientific investigation
is known as
A) a theory
B) the hypothesis
C) an inference
D) an observation
38. In a scientific investigation, after the question is
defined, the next step is most likely
A) formulating a hypothesis
B) identifying needed equipment
C) designing the experiment
D) collecting the data
C) safety precautions to be used
40. A student added 10 mL of a yeast suspension and 10 mL
of 30ºC water to each of two test tubes. Five grams of
sugar was then added to one of the test tubes. Both
test tubes were gently swirled to mix the contents, and
then the test tubes were placed in a warm water bath
for 15 minutes. The student made observations of any
bubbles that formed in the test tubes and recorded the
data in a table.
This experiment was most likely carried out to
investigate the
A) effect of sugar on a metabolic activity of yeast
B) effect of temperature on a metabolic activity of
yeast
C) solubility of yeast in water at 30ºC
D) solubility of sugar in a yeast suspension
41. A biologist plans to spend a year investigating the mating
behavior of a certain species of frog. To make
meaningful observations, the biologist should observe
A) a small number of frogs in their natural habitat
B) a large number of frogs in their natural habitat
C) several groups of frogs maintained in different
temperatures in the laboratory
D) several groups of frogs maintained on different
diets in the laboratory
42. Based on experimental results, a biologist in a laboratory
reports a new discovery. If the experimental results are
valid, biologists in other laboratories should be able to
perform
A) an experiment with a different variable and obtain
the same results
B) the same experiment and obtain different results
C) the same experiment and obtain the same results
D) an experiment under different conditions and
obtain the same results
43. Base your answer to the following question on the
information below and on your knowledge of biology.
An experiment was designed to determine if
chlorophyll is responsible for the growth of corn
seedlings toward light. In the experiment, equal numbers
of albino corn seedlings and green corn seedlings were
grown at a temperature of 24ºC. All other environmental
conditions were the same for both groups of seedlings.
The results of the experiment showed that both the
albino seedlings and the green seedlings bent toward
light.
Which sequence of steps was most likely taken in this
experiment?
Base your answers to questions 44 and 45 on the graph
below and on your knowledge of biology.
The graph below illustrates the results of an
investigation using newborn rats. The dashed line curve
shows the normal growth rate of rats, based on previous
investigations. The solid-line curve shows the growth
rate of 50 rats that were fed a normal diet containing
nutrients A and B until they reached an age of 80 days
(point X). At point X, the amounts of nutrients A and B
were increased. At point Y, nutrient A was returned to
the normal amount. At point Z, nutrient B was returned
to the normal amount.
A) develop a hypothesis®select suitable laboratory
materials®test the hypothesis®formulate a
conclusion
B) select suitable laboratory materials®formulate a
conclusion®develop a hypothesis®test the
hypothesis
C) develop a hypothesis®test the hypothesis®select
suitable laboratory materials®formulate a
conclusion
D) formulate a conclusion®select suitable laboratory
materials ® develop a hypothesis ®test the
hypothesis
44. If the investigation had continued as described except
that at point Z nutrient B was not returned to the
normal amount, the most reasonable conclusion that
could be drawn from the data presented is that the rats
would probably have
A) lived for 30 to 60 additional days and then died
B) remained at about twice the weight of normally
developed rats
C) continued to gain weight
D) become mentally and sexually immature adults
45. According to the graph, at what age do rats normally
reach a stable weight?
A) 70 days
B) 80 days
C) 90 days
D) 100 days
46. An investigation was set up to determine the effect of
various surfaces on the amount of time it takes a snail
to move between two points. A ramp was made, covered
with a piece of glass, and placed on a table at a
25-degree angle. Two lines, 15 centimeters apart, were
drawn on the glass. A snail was placed on the upper line,
and a stopwatch was used to measure the amount of
time it took the snail to move to the lower line. The
results were recorded in a data table. The investigation
was repeated using sandpaper and cardboard on the
surface of the ramp.
What must be done to show that the results of this
investigation are valid?
A) The angle of the ramp must be increased to 35
degrees.
B) The times in the data table must be averaged.
C) The investigation must be repeated several times.
D) The ramp must be replaced with a log found in the
habitat of the snail.
47. A scientist tested a hypothesis that white-tailed deer
would prefer apples over corn as a primary food source.
The findings of the test, in which the scientist claimed
that the deer preferred apples, were published. Which
research technique, if used by the scientist, might
result in this claim being questioned?
A) The scientist observed four deer in different
locations at various times of the day.
B) The scientist observed a total of 500 deer in 20
different locations at various times of the day.
C) The scientist observed 200 deer in various natural
settings, but none in captivity.
D) The scientist observed 300 deer in various
locations in captivity, but none in natural settings.
48. Nuclei of human cheek cells can be more readily
observed under a compound microscope if the cells are
first stained with
A) bromthymol blue
B) Benedict's solution
C) Fehling's solution
D) iodine solution
49. In an experiment, what should be the relationship
between the control group and the experimental group?
A) They should be different in size
B) They should resemble each other in at least two
respects
C) They should not be similar in any respect
D) They should be identical in all respects except one
50. One hundred laboratory rats were used in a controlled
study to determine the effect of aspirin on the
frequency of heart attacks. Fifty rats were each given a
daily injection containing 5.0 milligrams of aspirin for a
period of 1 year. On a daily basis each of the other 50
rats would most likely receive an
A) oral dose of 100 mg of aspirin
B) injection of 5.0 mg of water
C) injection of 100 mg of aspirin
D) oral dose of 50 mg of water
51. A student is investigating the effect of different
environmental factors on the growth of a certain species
of bean plant over a period of 30 days. Which factor
would not function as a variable in this investigation?
A) species of bean plant
B) soil moisture content
C) amount of light
D) atmospheric temperature
52. How does the CONTROL GROUP setup in an experiment
differ from the other setups in the same experiment?
A) It tests a different hypothesis.
B) It has more variables.
C) It does not receive the experimental treatment
(Independent Variable).
D) It utilizes a different method of data collection.
53. Base your answer to the following question on the
information and diagrams below and on your knowledge
of biology.
An experiment was performed to determine the effect
of different mineral salts on plant growth. Forty pots
containing identical plants were divided into four equal
groups and placed in a well-lighted greenhouse. Each pot
contained a nonmineral potting medium and one plant.
Materials were then added to each experimental group
of pots as shown
Which measurement would most likely be taken to
determine the effect of different mineral salts upon
the experimental groups?
A) weight of the medium in each pot
B) temperature of the 40 pots
C) height of the 40 plants
D) distance of each plant from the light source
54. In an investigation designed to determine the effect of
the amount of water on plant growth, two groups of
equal-sized bean plants of the same species were grown
under identical conditions, except for the amount of
water they were given. One group was watered with 200
milliliters of water once a day, while the other group
was watered with 400 milliliters of water once a day.
After several days, the heights of the plants were
measured. It was determined that the plants watered
with 400 milliliters of water once a day showed more
growth.
The variable in this investigation is the
A) type of bean plants used in the experiment
B) amount of water given the plants each day
C) type of soil the bean plants were growing in
D) group of bean plants watered with 200 ml of water
Base your answers to questions 55 through 57 on the data table and information below and on your
knowledge of biology. The data table shows water temperatures at various depths in an ocean.
55. a Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled “Water Depth (m).”
b Plot the data on the grid. Surround each point with a small circle and connect the points.
56. The approximate water temperature at a depth of 125 meters would be closest to
A) 15°C
B) 13°C
C) 8°C
D) 3°C
57. State the general relationship between temperature and water depth.
Base your answers to questions 58 and 59 on the information, diagram, and table below.
A student wanted to test the hypothesis that rooting hormones will stimulate the production of new
roots at a faster rate than would take place without rooting hormones. Two stem cuttings of equal
length, similar to the one shown below, were taken from a rose, a begonia, and a geranium plant. The cut
end of one cutting from each plant was dipped into the hormone and then planted in wet sand. The other
cutting from each plant was planted in wet sand without dipping it into the hormone. All cuttings were
maintained in identical environmental conditions. At the end of 4 weeks, all the cuttings were removed
from the sand and the lengths of the roots that had developed were measured. The results are
summarized in the data table below.
58. Describe one way the student could make the experiment more valid.
59. What purpose did the untreated cuttings serve in this experiment?
60. A student observed a paramecium under the low-power
objective (10×) of a compound light microscope. The
student then switched to the high-power objective
(50×). State one change that would be evident in the
field of view when the student switched to the
high-power objective.
61. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.
Children must be vaccinated against certain diseases before they can enter school. Some parents
feel that vaccinations are dangerous.
Identify one part of a research plan that must be followed when developing a new vaccine.
62. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. An investigation was performed to
determine the effects of enzyme X on three different disaccharides (double sugars) at 37°C. Three test
tubes were set up as shown in the diagram below. At the end of 5 minutes, the solution in each test tube
was tested for the presence of disaccharides (double sugars) and monosaccharides (simple sugars). The
results of these tests are shown in the table below.
State one safety precaution that should be used during the investigation.
63. Many people who are in favor of alternative medicine
claim that large doses of vitamin C introduced into a
vein speed up the healing of surgical wounds. Describe
an experiment to test this hypothesis. Your answer must
include at least:
• the difference between the experimental group of
subjects and the control group
• two conditions that must be kept constant in both
groups
• data that should be collected
• an example of experimental results that would support
the hypothesis
64. Base your answer to the following question on the information in the newspaper article below.
Patients to test tumor fighter
Boston–Endostatin, the highly publicized experimental cancer drug that wiped out tumors in
mice and raised the hopes of cancer patients, will be tested on patients this year.
"I think it's exciting, but ... you always have the risk that something will fail in testing," said
Dr. Judah Folkman, the Harvard University researcher whose assistant, Michael O'Reilly,
discovered endostatin.
Endostatin and a sister protein, angiostatin, destroy the tumors' ability to sprout new blood
vessels. This makes cancer fall dormant in lab animals, but no one knows if that will happen in
humans.
– The Associated Press
Explain why it is necessary to test these experimental drugs on human volunteers as well as on test animals.
Base your answers to questions 65 and 66 on the information below.
Acid rain can have a pH between 1.5 and 5.0. The effect of acid rain on the environment depends on
the pH of the rain and the characteristics of the environment. It appears that acid rain has a negative
effect on plants. The scale below shows the pH of normal rain. Provide the information requested below
that should be included in a research plan to test the effect of pH on the early growth of bean plants in
the laboratory.
65. State two factors that should be kept constant.
66. Identify the independent variable.