Electrocardiogram What is an ECG? It is an Electrocardiography in which electrical activity in heart is recorded. Copper electrodes are used to detect the signals. Detected signals are ampliefied and processed for medical diagnosis. What makes it important? According World Health Organistaion cardiovascular diseases are major cause of death in developing countries. Hence monitoring and diagnosis is important. Why real time ECG? To save time for going to hospital. Reports have to be send to expert and it requires more time hence real time ECG. How ECG signals are recorded? Bipolar leads record voltage between electrodes placed on wrists & legs (right leg is ground) Lead I records between right arm & left arm Lead II: right arm & left leg Lead III: left arm & left leg Heart Beat signal: 3 distinct waves are produced during cardiac cycle P wave caused by atrial depolarization QRS complex caused by ventricular depolarization T wave results from ventricular repolarization Figure: Circuit diagram: OUTPUT: Methods for cardiac diseases detection in real time ECG: Principle component analysis Genetic algorithm Rule based methods Block diagram of portable ECG device: Analog front end: Amplification. Instumentation amplifier. To avoid aliasing effect. ARM processor: Preprocessing. Feature extraction. Classification. QRS complex: Diagram: Artifacts involved: Reversed leads: Powerline Interface Noise: Muscle Noise: Baseline wander: High frequency noise removal(FIR): Kaiser window: Bartlet window: Comparison table: Removal of baseline wander: Comparison of FIR and IIR filters: Removal of powerline interface noise: Comparison of band pass filter and notch filter: Applications: Tele-Electrocardiogram. Track of ambulatory patient. Remote health care service. For Divers and Drivers. Specs of portable ECG device: Reduced hardware complexity. Real time processing. Simultaneous feature extraction. Bibliography: Wikipedia www.ncbi.nln.nih.gov www.ieee.org www.sciencedirect.com THANK YOU
