Grade 10 DNA criterion A assessment Name:__________________________ Achievement level 0 1–2 Level descriptor The student does not reach a standard identified by any of the descriptors below. The student is able to: i. state scientific knowledge ii. apply scientific knowledge and understanding to suggest solutions to problems set in familiar situations iii. interpret information to make judgments. 3–4 The student is able to: i. outline scientific knowledge ii. apply scientific knowledge and understanding to solve problems set in familiar situations iii. interpret information to make scientifically supported judgments. 5–6 The student is able to: i. describe scientific knowledge ii. apply scientific knowledge and understanding to solve problems set in familiar situations and suggest solutions to problems set in unfamiliar situations iii. analyse information to make scientifically supported judgments. 7–8 The student is able to: i. explain scientific knowledge ii. apply scientific knowledge and understanding to solve problems set in familiar and unfamiliar situations iii. analyse and evaluate information to make scientifically supported judgments. 1 Section A: Multiple choice questions (Level 1-2) 1. 2. 3. 4. What is the composition of the backbone of DNA? A. Alternating sugar and phosphate molecules B. Alternating phosphate and base molecules C. Alternating sugar and base molecules D. Alternating DNA and RNA nucleotides Which substance is a base that is only found in RNA? A. Adenosine B. Cytokinin C. Guanine D. Uracil In the structure of DNA what binds with guanine? A. Deoxyribose B. Guanine C. Cytosine D. Adenine What type of bond forms between one nucleotide and the next in a DNA strand? A. Covalent bond B. Peptide bond C. Glycosidic bond D. Hydrogen bond 2 5. 6. 7. What are the components of an RNA nucleotide? A. Deoxyribose, a phosphate and one of the bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine B. Ribose, a phosphate and one of the bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine or uracil C. Deoxyribose, a nitrate and one of the bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine D. Ribose, a nitrate and one of the bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine or uracil What is the function of helicase? A. It breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs B. It forms hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs C. It breaks peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids D. It forms peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids During the process of replication, which bond(s) in the diagram of DNA below is/are broken? 3 6 4 1 7 2 5 A. 3 B. 4, 5 C. 1, 2, 6, 7 D. 1, 7, 4, 5 3 8. 9. Which substance is a base found in DNA? A. Ribose B. Thymine C. Adenosine D. Uracil How would the following DNA sequence, ACGTTGCATGGCA, be transcribed? A. UGCAACGUACCGU B. TGCAACGTACCGT C. ACGTTGCATGGCA D. ACGUUGCAUGGCA Section B: Answer all the following questions. Level 3-4 10. Describe the structure of RNA. .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 11. (a) Determine the strand of mRNA that is transcribed from the DNA strand below. ATCCAGGTCAAG .................................................................................................................................... (b) List two other molecules, apart from mRNA, required for translation. .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 4 12. Living organisms use DNA as their genetic material. Describe the steps of DNA replication. .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 13. Outline the process of transcription. .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... Level 5-6 14. Draw a labelled diagram of the molecular structure of a portion of DNA showing 4 nucleotides. 5 15. Why do researchers often give DNA information as the sequence of nitrogenous bases without indicating the presence of the phosphate group and sugar component of each nucleotide? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 16. Explain how a system composed of three bases per codon is better suited to code for 20 amino acids than a system composed of two bases per codon? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Level 7-8 18. The information needed to make polypeptides is carried in the mRNA from the nucleus to the ribosomes of eukaryotic cells. This information is decoded during translation. The diagram below represents the process of translation. a. State the names of the next two amino acids which will attach to the polypeptide. ________________ and ________________ b. If a coding strand of DNA is 18- nucleotides, how many amino acids will be in the polypeptide that is formed? Explain your answer. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 6 19. The graph below shows the effect of temperature on the separation of the strands in DNA to form single strands. The temperature at which 50% of the DNA is single-stranded is called the melting temperature (TM). Describe the structure of DNA at (i) body temperature and (ii) TM. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 7
