Types of Virus
Hepatitis A

ssRNA

(Single
Strand)

Enterovirus
Hepatitis B
dsRNA
(Double
Strand)

Hepadna-virus


Sources of
Virus

Feces


Transmission

Fecal-Oral
Route





Blood
Blood derived
body fluids
Parenteral,
Sexual Contact
Perinatal
Percutaneous
Permucosal
Incubation
Period (days)
Illness









15-40

50-180


Mild
Very low
mortality
Full
Recovery
usual
No
Young

Significant Risk
of chronicity
and mortality



Yes
Any Age


IgM
anti HAV
antibody


HBsAg
HBcAg


Carriers
Patient
Susceptibility
Serological
Markers








Hepatitis C
ssRNA
Flvavirus
Hepatitis D
Circular
Defective

ssRNA

Requires the
presence of
HBV
Hepatitis E

ssRNA

virus
Blood
Blood derived
body fluids
Parenteral
Intranasal
(Cocaine use
is a risk factor)
Percutaneous
Permucosal
40-55



Feces



Blood
Blood derived
body fluids
Parenteral
Percutaneous
Permucosal

Fecal-Oral
Route

50-180

30-50
Often
Asymptomatic
Significant
Risk of
chronicity and
mortality
Yes
Any Age

Mild



Yes
Any Age

No risk of
Chronicity
High
Mortality
in
pregnancy
No

Any Age
Anti-HCV
antibody
HCV RNA

IgM and IgG
antibodies
HDV-RNA
serum
Hepatitis D
Antigen
(HDAg) in liver
Yes

Anti-HEV
Antibody

No
Pre and Post
Exposure
Immunization

Ensure
Safe
Drinking
Water





Chronic
infection
Prevention

No

Yes

Yes


Pre and Post
Exposure
Immunizatio
n

Pre and Post
Exposure
Immunization
Blood Donor
Screening

Blood Donor
Screening




