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Chapter 4 Review w/ Answers
4.1
Puritans – group of English Protestants who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony
General Court – elected representatives assembly in the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – a 1639 plan of government in the Puritan colony in
Connecticut; expanded the idea of representatives government in the English colonies
religious tolerance – willingness to let others practice their own beliefs
Sabbath – holy day of rest
town meeting – meeting in colonial New England where settlers discussed and voted on issues
free enterprise – a venture that is a risky, private business operating in competition
and largely free of state control; 5 principals of Free Enterprise [ Entrepreneurship,
Competition, Private Property, Profit Motive, Consumer Choice
cornerstone – a fundamental principle
foreshadow – to hint at or suggest something that will happen in the future
fallow – cultivated land that is allowed to lie idle during the growing season
luddite – one that is opposed to, especially technological, changes
4.2
proprietary colony – land given to one or more people by the King for a yearly payment (rent)
royal colony – a colony under the direct control of the English crown
oppression – unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power
refuge – a place that provides shelter or protection
promote – to contribute to the growth or prosperity of
repository – a place where large amounts of something is stored
4.3
Mason-Dixon Line – boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland that divided the Middle
Colonies from the Southern Colonies
Bacon’s Rebellion – a 1676 raid led by Nathaniel Bacon against the governor and Native Americans
in Virginia
indigo – plant used to make a valuable blue dye
slave code – laws that control the lives of enslaved African Americans and denied them basic rights
racism – belief that one race is superior to another
trustee – person who is authorized to administer property for the benefit of another person or group
buffer – something that serves as a protective barrier
pacifist – a person strongly opposed to war
hold – the interior of a ship below the decks
incertitude – absence of assurance or confidence; doubt
4.4
mercantilism – theory that a nation becomes strong by keeping strict control over its colonial trade
export – trade products sent to markets outside of a country
import – trade products brought into a country
Navigation Acts – one-sided laws regulating trade between England and her colonies
triangular trade – colonial trade route between New England, West Indies, and Africa
legislature – group of people who have the power to make laws
Bill of Rights – first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution
English Bill of Rights – a document that guaranteed the rights of English citizens
midwife – a skilled worker who assists women in child birth
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hymm – a song to be sung in a religious service
parish – a local church community
4.5
gentry – highest class in the 13 English colonies
middle class – a class that included skilled craftsworkers, farmers that owned their land, and some
tradespeople (3:4 whites were middle class)
indentured servant – a person that agreed to work for 4 to 7 years in return for paid passage to the
colonies in the Americas
Great Awakening – a dramatic and emotional religious movement that swept through the colonies
in the 1730 and 1740s
tutor – private teachers
apprentice – person who learns a trade or craft from a master
Enlightenment – movement in Europe that emphasized the use of reason and logic
libel – act of publishing a statement that may unjustly damage a person’s reputation
dominated – ruled or controlled
bribe – money or a favor given to influence someone in a position of power
contract – a binding agreement between two or more persons or parties
sue – to seek enforcement of a law or a contract in a court of law
Know the dates and descriptions of the following terms:
English Bill of Rights -- 1689 a document that guaranteed the rights of English citizens
House of Burgesses – 1619 marked the beginning of representative government in the English colonies,
HOB
Massachusetts Bay Colony -- 1630 expanded vote to male stockholders and male church members and
elected representatives to an assembly called the General Court
Magna Carta -- 1215 British document that stated citizens have basic rights and monarchs have to obey
the law
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut -- 1639 plan of government in Puritan colony which expanded the
idea of representative government
Mayflower Compact -- 1620 agreement by Pilgrims for ruling Plymouth to ensure the general good of
colony
1. Where were the 13 original colonies located ? Atlantic Ocean
2. Why did New England colonies rely heavily on trade for their economic activity ?
Cold climate and poor rocky soil made farming unprofitable
3. Why did the Puritans leave England ?
Religious freedoms
4. What caused people in the Massachusetts colony to leave ?
Religious beliefs and the way the colony was being governed was being questioned
5. What caused the Native Americans to go to war with the Puritans?
The colonists were taking over Native American land
6. What was the importance of the ‘common’ style set-up in New England towns and villages ?
Encouraged meetings and sharing of ideas to promote a tight-knit community
7. What caused the colony of New Netherland to become the colony of New York ?
King Charles II of England renamed the colony in the Duke of York’s honor
8. What caused the separation of the New Jersey colony from the New York colony ?
Colony was too big to govern easily
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How was Pennsylvania founded ?
King Charles II granted land to Penn and his Quakers for religious freedom
Describe what life was like in the Middle Colonies ?
1. fertile soil and cash crops
2. iron ore in river valley
3. wood resources in backcountry
What are slave codes ?
Rules for slaves’ behavior
How was Maryland important to the Roman Catholic religion ?
Catholics could practice their religion freely
Who founded the Carolinas ?
8 English nobles
Which colony was founded for English Debtors ?
Georgia
Describe the differences in the Tidewater Region and the Backcountry Region ?
Tidewater Region
Backcountry Region
1. Large plantations
1. Small farms
2. Slavery
2. Little to no slavery
What caused the increase in slavery in the 1700s ?
Plantations had to maintain supply of slaves to work the crops
List 3 reasons why England wanted to regulate colonial trade ?
1. colonies should benefit the home country
2. nations become strong by keeping strict control over its trade
3. to ensure only England would benefit from colonial trade
Describe the colonial legislature (government) ?
Legislature had two houses – upper (appointed) and lower (elected)
Describe the differences in liberties between the female colonists ?
Unmarried women and widows had more rights than married women
Name the 3 classes in colonial society ?
1. Gentry
2. Middle class
3. Indentured servant
Describe how the Great Awakening affected the colonies ?
1. forced colonists to be more tolerant of different beliefs
2. contributed to the spread of democratic feelings in colonies
3. people began to think differently about political rights and governments
What was unique about how New England colonists educated their children ?
Set-up school supported by taxes
How did the Middle and Southern colonists educate their children ?
1. Apprenticeships
2. private schools
3. dame schools
Why was Enlightenment important to new ideas ?
They used ‘reason’ and ‘logic’ to improve their ‘New World’
New England colonies economy was based on ?
1. Whaling
2. Shipbuilding
3. sawmill ports
Rice, indigo and tobacco plantations were important to which colonies ?
Southern Colonies
The Middle Colonies’ economy was based on ?
1. Farming
2. Ranching
3. skilled artisans/crafts
Name 3 issues addressed in the English Bill of Rights signed by William and Mary of New
Netherlands in 1689 ?
1. Protected the rights of individuals
2. Stated ruler could not raise taxes or army without approval from Parliament
3. Gave anyone accused of crime the right to a trial by jury
Which four colonies made up the Middle Colonies ?
1. New York
2. Pennsylvania
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2. Delaware
4. New Jersey
30.
Which four colonies made up the New England Colonies ?
31.
1. Rhode Island
2. New Hampshire
2. Connecticut
4. Massachusetts
Which five colonies made up the Southern Colonies ?
1. Georgia
32.
33.
2. North Carolina
4. Maryland
5. Virginia
What 3 continents were part of the Triangular Trade ?
3. South Carolina
1. America/West Indies
2. West Africa
3. Europe /New England
Puritan male church members elected representatives to an assembly in the Massachusetts Bay
Colony called ?
General Court
34%. Describe educational opportunities between the colonies ?
in the majority of colonies, only boys could attend school
35%. What changes did the Great Awakening have on the colonial people regarding thoughts about
themselves and their political rights ?
it caused the average citizen to think they should be more independent
36%. What caused the right to vote to be expanded in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, MBC ?
colonist wanted a voice in their government
37%. Sharpshooters from Pennsylvania boasted that with the “Pennsylvania Rifle”, they could
‘hit a rattlesnake between the eyes at 100 yards.’ How could this benefit future colonists ?
this skill allowed them to be very good soldiers during the American Revolution
%
38 . Describe the relationship between South Carolina’s economy and rice crops ?
swampy lowlands along the coast
39%. Which colony and its’ colonial leader would have said, “… government should not have any
influence on religion or support a particular church.” concerning the question of relationship
between colonial government and established colonial religion … ?
said by Roger Williams of Rhode Island
40%. List agreements and disagreements between the religions of Pilgrim and Puritan
1. Both were unhappy with Church of England’s rules and laws
2. Both were in Massachusetts
3. Disagreed on whether to reform or to separate from the Church of England
41%. What brought settlers to New Amsterdam ?
they came for economic opportunities
42%. Why did so many of the people from Germany, called Pennsylvania Dutch,
choose to settle in William Penn’s colony ?
they came for a new religious experience
43%. Who was Oglethorpe’s colony of Georgia created for ?
it offered imprisoned peoples a new place to live
44%. What was a significant cause of King Phillip’s War ?
large numbers of settlers were living on lands the Wampanoag claimed
45%. What factors most encouraged Parliament to pass the Navigation Acts ?
1. to control the economy of its’ colony
2. to make huge profit from agricultural cash crops
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