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Chapter 6 Review with Answers
3.3
6.1
Olive Branch Petition - peace petition sent to King George by colonial delegates declaring their
loyalty to the King and asking him to repeal the Intolerable Acts
Green Mountain Boys - led a surprise attack on Fort Ticonderoga which gave the
Americans control of a key route into Canada
Continental Army - army established by the second continental congress to fight
the British
Patriot - colonist who favored war against Britain;
one that supports all aspects of their country’s independence
Loyalist - colonist who remained loyal to Britain
Battle of Bunker Hill - 1775 - 1st major battle of the American Revolution
blockade - shutting of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out
mercenaries - soldiers who fights merely for pay, often for a foreign country
trespass – to go onto or into someone’s property without any right
bypass – to avoid by going around
scorned – rejected or dismissed as unworthy of respect
enlist – to enroll oneself in the armed forces
Unalienable Right {also known as natural rights}– right cannot be taken away without legal justice
3.4
6.2
Common Sense – 1776 essay written by Thomas Paine that urged the colonies to declare
independence
radical – person who wants to make drastic changes in society
traitor – person who betrays his or her country
Declaration of Independence – 1776 document stating that the 13 English colonies were a free and
independent nation
preamble – introduction to a declaration, constitution, or other official document
natural rights – rights that belong to all people from birth
allegiance – the loyalty owed by a subject to a monarch or a citizen to a government
impoverish – to make poor
ruffian – bully
resolution – a formal expression of opinion, will, or intent voted on by an official body or assembly
redress – to remove the cause of grievance or compliant
3.5
6.3 & 6.4 & 6.5
Battle of Long Island a 1776 battle in New York in which more than 1,400
Americans were killed, wounded, or captured
Battle of Trenton - 1776 battle in New Jersey in which George Washington’s troops
capture a Hessian encampment in a surprise attack
Hessian - a German mercenary in the British Army in America during the Revolutionary War
Battle of Saratoga - 1st major American victory in Revolution; turning point of war; French
became ally; ended the British threat to New England
ally - nation that works with another nation for a common purpose
cavalry - troops on horseback
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Valley Forge - Pennsylvania site of Washington’s Continental Army encampment
during the winter of 1777-1778
Battle of Cowpens – a ‘tricky’ battle in South Carolina – American victory
guerrilla – soldier that uses hit-and-run tactics
siege – military blockade or bombardment of an enemy town or position to
force a surrender
Battle of Yorktown – in Virginia - was the final battle in the Revolution
Treaty of Paris – peace treaty between the United States and Britain, ratified
in 1783, that recognized the U.S. as an Independent Country
ratify – to approve
campaign – a connected series of military operations forming a distinct phase of a war
morale – the emotional state of a person or group toward a task or goal
volley – a simultaneous discharge of a number of weapons
Also Know these Individuals: ++ A Short Answer Quiz
Nathan Hale – spy for Washington during the New York campaign, he was captured and hung, “I
only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country”
Haym Solomon – Jewish immigrant that secured loans {money} and provide his personal funds for
the American revolutionary cause
Marquis de Lafayette – convinced France to send several thousand trained soldiers to help the
Patriot cause; GW’s trusted French friend
Wentworth Cheswell – African American New Hampshire school teacher; he rode all night from
Boston to warn his community Lexington and Concord, that the British were coming {like Paul
Revere did}; he also fought at the Battle of Saratoga, 1777
James Armistead – African American spy for the Continental Army; told GW about British General
Cornwallis’ decision to go to the peninsula of Yorktown
Bernardo de Galvez – Governor of New Spain [Florida-Louisiana-Texas] secretly supplied the
Patriots with medicines, muskets, gunpowder, and cattle. He orchestrated the 1st cattle drive from
Texas and delivered about 10,000 head of cattle for the Patriot Army’s food supply; Galveston was
named after him.
John Paul Jones – Naval Captain from Philadelphia; he enjoyed raiding British ships and seaports;
Captain of the Bonhomme Richard, became the winner of the ‘Greatest America Sea Victory’ of the
American Revolution by capturing the powerful British warship Serapis in 1779 in the North Sea
{England’s backyard}
1.
2.
3.
What year did the British surrender at Yorktown ?
1781
The most important result of the Battle of Saratoga was that…
France officially recognized and formed an alliance with the U.S. government
Make a list describing Thomas Paine…
1. immigrated to North America
2. became a Revolutionary writer and philosopher
3. wrote the influential pamphlet “Common Sense”
4. wrote a series of essays titled Crisis
4. Benjamin Franklin convinced which country to lend military support to GW ?
France
5. Define ‘patriot’…
Colonists who supported the fight for American independence
6. Define ‘unalienable right’… ( also natural right or moral right )
right that cannot be taken away without due process
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7.
Why do you think the Bonhomme Richard was victorious over the Serapis ?
John Paul Jones refused to give up
8. What was an important effect of Common Sense…
persuaded ordinary people to support independence from Britain
9. What was the name of the winter camp for Washington’s Continental Army ?
Valley Forge
10. How were the British defeated by the Americans and French at the Battle of Yorktown ?
Washington surrounded and trapped Cornwallis in Virginia
11. List three (3) terms of the Treaty of Paris between the U.S. and Britain ?
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
1. British recognized the US as an independent nation
2. the US territory extended from Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River
3. Americans agreed to pay Loyalists for property they lost in the war
What step did Congress take to try to achieve peace with Britain ?
sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George III declaring loyalty
Name three (3) factors that helped the Americans win the war against Britain ?
1. Washington’s military strategy and leadership
2. Foreign aid from Spain and France
3. Cornwallis’ mistake to retreat to the Yorktown peninsula
List three (3) advantages the patriots had over the British when they entered the War ?
1. fought on home ground
2. owned rifles and they were good marksmen
3. committed to defend their homes and property
List three (3) advantages the British had over the Patriots when they entered the War ?
1. very large navy
2. large numbers of troops
3. highly trained troops
Who was given ‘credit’ as the writer of the Declaration of Independence ?
Thomas Jefferson
What two (2) final steps did Congress take to declare independence ?
1. wrote a formal Declaration of Independence
2. Congress adopted (voted and approved) and signed it
What battles were fought in New York and New Jersey ?
New York - Long Island
New Jersey - Trenton
Make a list of things that Ethan Allen is known for…
1. leading the attack on Fort Ticonderoga
2. leader of the Green Mountain Boys
3. called the British General a ‘Fat Old Rat’
What are the three (3) main ideas of the Declaration of Independence ?
1. British Wrongs
2. Natural Rights
3. Independence
Find three (3) reasons why the Battle of Saratoga marked a turning point in the war…
1. boosted American morale due to the victory
2. convinced France to become an ally
3. ended British threat to New England
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22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
What three (3) choices did the African Americans have during the American Revolution ?
1. join the British army or navy
2. work on a Patriot plantation
3. join the American army
These famous words were said by whom ?
“I only regret that I have but 1 life to lose for my country” ?
Nathan Hale
List the ‘correct order’ of the following battles in the Revolutionary War…
Saratoga – Yorktown – Bunker Hill
st
1 – Bunker Hill
Turning Point – Saratoga
Final – Yorktown
List some of the roles women played in the war ?
1. planted and harvested crops
2. cooked and washed clothes
3. made shoes
4. wove cloth for uniforms and blankets
5. served at the battle grounds
6. shot cannons
Which fort did the ‘Green Mountain Boys’ lead a surprise attack and which gained them
valuable gunpowder and cannons ?
Fort Ticonderoga
Write the Important ‘Event’ that corresponds to the correct ‘Description’ below:
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
first permanent English settlement
Jamestown, Virginia
agreement by Pilgrims for ruling Plymouth to ensure the general good of colony
Mayflower Compact
British document that stated citizens have basic rights and monarchs have to obey the law
Magna Carta
plan of government in Puritan colony which expanded idea of representative government
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (FOC)
marked the beginning of representative government in the English colonies
House of Burgesses (HOB)
Put the list below in correct chronological order... Add the Year.
Magna Carta
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut ( FOC )
Mayflower Compact
House of Burgesses ( HOB )
Declaration of Independence
Event
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
33.
34.
35.
Magna Carta
House of Burgesses ( HOB )
Mayflower Compact
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut ( FOC )
Declaration of Independence
Year
1215
1619
1620
1639
1776
Which colonies’ economy was based on rice, indigo and tobacco plantations ?
Southern Colonies
Which colonies’ economy was based on farming, ranching and skilled artisans/crafts ?
Middle Colonies
Which colonies’ economy was based on whaling, shipbuilding and sawmill ports ?
New England Colonies
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36. List the advantages the minutemen had over the British at Concord / Lexington ?
sharpshooters took cover in the woods, knew the local geography
37. The Green Mountain Boys fought in the Battle of Fort Ticonderoga.
What were the spoils of this battle ?
1. they gained control of a key route into Canada
2. they confiscated the forts cannons
3. they collected a stockpile of gunpowder
38. During the beginning of the American Revolution, it appeared the colonist had divided into 3
distinct groups. Name the groups…
1. a Patriot
2. a Neutralist
3. the Loyalist
39. What would forming militias allow the colonies to do ?
this would allow them to respond with force against future British military action
40. Thomas Paine was born in England but moved to the colonies in 1774. He played a significant
role in inspiring the American Revolution.
His influential pamphlet Common Sense encouraged what ?
colonist to revolt against the monarchy
41. John Hancock was one of the first rebels to sign the Declaration of Independence. Why, even
to this day, do many people refer to their signature as their “John Hancock” ?
his signature was meant as a bold statement so that King George could not miss his name/signature
42.
Describe the mood of the Second Continental Congress in May 1775 ?
5 of Chapter 6 Review with Answers 
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