Penn State Behrend
School of Engineering
Electrical Engineering
By:
Dr. Hussin Shaban Ketout
2019-08-24
1
Outlines
 Objectives
 What is Embedded System?
 Examples from Real Life
 Why Do we need Embedded Systems?
 Embedded System Architecture
 Microprocessor & Microcontroller
 Course Components
 Q&A (Discussion)
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Objectives
 Introducing the Embedded Systems
 Embedded Systems in Our Daily life
 Importance of Embedded Systems
 Architecture of Embedded Systems
 Microprocessor & Microcontroller
 Architecture of Mp & Mc
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Introducing The Embedded Systems
 What is the Embedded System ?
• An embedded system is a combination of hardware and
software that designed to carry out a certain task or tasks,
meaning it has a specific function.
• The Software is usually known as FIRMWARE,
• That is EMBEDDED into the HARDWARE
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Introduction Cont.
Examples in Day Life:
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Introduction Cont.
Example in Day Life:
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Introduction Cont.
Example in Day Life:
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Introduction Cont.
Example in Day Life:
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Introduction Cont.
 Why do we need embedded systems?
1. Embedded systems are application specific & single
functioned;
2. To reduce the size and cost of the product
3. Increase the reliability and performance
4. Give the output within the time limits
5. Some embedded systems are mass-produced,
benefiting from economies of scale.
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Introduction Cont.
 Embedded System Block Diagram?
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Why do we need to learn about
Microprocessors/Microcontrollers?
 The microprocessor is the core of computer
systems.
 Nowadays, many communication, digital
entertainment, portable devices, are controlled
by them.
 A designer should know what types of
components he/she needs, ways to reduce
production costs and product reliability.
The Necessary Tools for a Microcontroller







CPU: Central Processing Unit
I/O: Input /Output
Bus: Address bus & Data bus
Memory: RAM & ROM
Timer
Interrupt
Serial Port and/or Parallel Port
Microprocessors:
General-Purpose Microprocessor
 CPU for Computers
 No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself
 Example：Intel’s x86, Motorola’s 680x0
CPU
GeneralPurpose
Microprocessor
Many chips on mother’s board
Data Bus
RAM
ROM
I/O
Port
Address Bus
General-Purpose Microprocessor System
Timer
Serial
COM
Port
Microcontroller
 A smaller computer
 On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
 Example：Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8
CPU
RAM ROM
A single chip
I/O
Port
Serial
Timer COM
Port
Microcontroller
Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller
Microprocessor
 CPU is stand-alone, RAM,
ROM, I/O, timer are
separate
 Designer can decide on the
amount of ROM, RAM and
I/O ports.
 Expansive
 General-purpose
Microcontroller
• CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and
timer are all on a single chip
• Fixed amount of on-chip
ROM, RAM, I/O ports
• For applications in which
cost, power and space are
critical
• Single-purpose
• Inexpensive
Microcontroller Block Diagram
External interrupts
Interrupt
Control
On-chip
ROM for
program
code
Timer/Counter
On-chip
RAM
Timer 1
Timer 0
CPU
OSC
Bus
Control
4 I/O Ports
P0 P1 P2 P3
Address/Data
Serial
Port
TxD RxD
Counter
Inputs
Course Components
 Introduction To Embedded Systems
 C Language
 Developing Firmware & Hardware (Embedded Systems)
 Buying the required Hardware
 Developing the software to operate the hardware
Thank you
any Questions?
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