BROWSER FUNCTIONALITY AND WEB BROWSER
FEATURES.

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An IP address is represented by a grouping of four numbers separated by periods.
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An IP of a website is used to properly address the packets it sends to the server.
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The IP address of a website is can be used to access a website in the place of a URL( Uniform resource locator)

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It is a service that keeps track of specific IP addresses of web servers around the internet and maps those IP addresses to the text based names we enter into the address bars of our browsers.
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DNS name servers are used to resolve domain names into their IP addresses.
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Top level domains are contained in every domain name:.com
.edu etc.
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Second level domains are privately owned by the company that own the website. example .xbox

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Uniform Resource Locator is the text based web-site address that you type into a browser bar. It consists of two parts: Protocol
Identifier and domain name separated by // and : .

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World Wide Web is a system of interlinked documents that are accessible on that network called the internet.Documents hosted generally on the WWW are called webpages. They sometimes contain hyperlinks . (Jumps to other webpages)

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HyperText Markup Language is a standardized language used to create web pages. Most tags are written in pairs. Most web browsers can read HTML pages.
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Cascading Style Sheets is the structure and design of a webpage. It can either be internal or external.
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Hyperlinks are HTML elements which are embedded into webpages. They are a line of text with a target webpage.

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To get anywhere on the internet, you have to type the URL of the website into your browser address bar. The bar also displays the
URL of the current page being displayed.SOme features on it include :
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SEARCH
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SHOW ADDRESS
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SECURITY REPORT REFRESH / GO
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STOP

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Most web browsers today allow for tabbed browsing. i.e. you can view different websites simultaneously ( each in its own tab).TAbs
can be opened through the following ways:
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Ctrl + T
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Right click the active Tab and select New tab
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Click file on the menu bar then new tab
 click the + or new tab button depending on your browser.

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All browsers contain tools that help the user navigate through pages.these include:
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The back button moves to the previous page.
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The foward button moves 1 page ahead.
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The refresh button reloads or re-displays the page.
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Some browsers also have a home button hat takes the user directly to the page displayed when the browser was opened first.

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The terms downloading and uploading refer to the transmission of information to and from a server to and from a user.Every time you visit a website you download the page you want to view.
Some browsers have a storage location where the web pages are kept temporarily . Streaming is the process of having files delivered to you in a constant and steady stream. It is mostly preferred to downloading as it doesn't waste disk space. If youáre streaming a video, the amount of data used depends on the quality of the video.

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If you visit a site frequently, you can bookmark or favourite the site to make it more accessible the next time you want to go there .Most browsers have an easy way of adding bookmarks:
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On Chrome you can press Ctrl + D
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On Edge click the star button to add to favourites.
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On Explorer click the view favourites then press Alt + Z.
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To delete bookmarks, right click them and select delete. Your bookmarks can also be synced across all your devices if you are logged in to the same account.

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A pop-up is a small browser window that suddenly opens in front of the page you are viewing.They contain small command buttons that must be selected before you can continue your task.
They are mainly used for advertising but they also remind users to login to websites. They are sometimes used for phishing.Thankfully
most web browsers have pop-up blocker like brave, chrome etc.

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Cookies are small text files placed on your computer when you visit a website. Cookies are simple files that store information about your preferences. For example, a cookie might be used to store the options you clicked on a web page.Types of cookies:
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First party- from the site you are currently visiting.
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Third party-from a site you have visited before.

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Every browser includes a history function that stores the URLs of web sites you have visited. They store all the sites visited on all your devices provided you are logged in to the same account.
One can delete browsing data according to time(PAST HOUR,
PAST DAY ETC) or by individually selecting visited sites.

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In order to make web sites easy to use and navigate, and to provide a uniform surfing experience, web sites developers follow certain standards to make browsing easy.These include:
Logo of a website
Images and Videos present on the website
Buttons are interactive graphic that perform actions when clicked.
Menus often feature pull down menus that allow a user to navigate directly to a specific page.
Breadcrumbs are a type of secondary navigation scheme that shows the user's location in a website.