The human genome is more compact than that of yeast. Is this statement true or false?
Briefly explain your answccer.
Briefly explain how two individual human genomes may differ from each other
Indicate the following statements as true or false:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Only a very small percentage of the human genome represents (protein) coding sequence.
Human genes are mainly ‘continuous’ while those of yeast are typically ‘discontinuous’
Microsatellite DNA can arise from ‘slippage’ associated with errors in DNA replication.
LINEs, SINEs and Alu sequences are examples of tandem repeats.
Indicate the following statements as true or false:
a)
A pseudogene is any gene that has received inactivating mutations and can no
longer make a functional product
b)
A conventional pseudogene is a non-functional cDNA copy of an mRNA that has
integrated elsewhere into the genome.
c)
A processed pseudogene is an inactive copy of a gene that has arisen by a form of
gene duplication and accumulated mutations.
d)
There are an estimated 14 Pseudogenes within the human genome.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Indicate which cis-acting elements listed below you would expect to find within the
proximal promoter of a gene:
CAAT element
Inr
Hormone response element
BRE
What is the pre-initiation complex?
Indicate which of the following statements with respect to SERMs are true or false:
a)
SERMS are used in the clinic to treat vitamin D deficiency.
b)
Tamoxifen functions as an antagonist in breast and endometrial tissue but as an
agonist in bone.
c)
SERMS were designed to specifically bind the androgen receptor (AR)
d)
Their mechanism involves the selective recruitment of co-activator proteins.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Which (if any) of the following complexes does not alter chromatin structure?
HAT (histone acetyltransferase)
HDAC (histone deacteyltransferase)
TFIIH (kinase activity)
SWI/SNF (remodeling complexes)
How is risk estimated for single-gene vs. multi-gene diseases?
Indicate some of the main types of chromosomal abnormality and give 1-2 examples.
Answer True or False to the following:
a)
In X-linked recessive disease, mainly females are affected.
b)
A karyotype analysis is most commonly used to detect chromosomal abnormalities
c)
It can be very useful to know the narrow sense heritability of a trait if you are an
animal or plant breeder
d)
Autosomal dominant traits are often present in the homozygous condition in
humans
Give names and functions for some proteins involved in adding and removing methylation
from DNA:
Indicate some of the types of modifications seen on histone tails and what they may be
important for
What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumour suppressor?
P53 has been called “the guardian of the genome”. Why?
What is the retinoblastoma protein and what does it do?
Women are either particularly vulnerable to, or not troubled by, some kinds of common
cancer. Why is this?
What is the difference between damaged DNA and mutated DNA?
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