MODULE1 1.Gener al Phar macol ogy 1.I ndi cat et het y peofact i onofadr ug,whi chi s i nt r oduced or al l y ,i s absor bed i nt ot he bl ood i n i nt est i neandact sont hecer t ai nor gansort i ssues: A.Gener al ( Resor pt i v e) * B.Ref l ex C.Mai n D.Local ( Topi cal ) E.I ndi r ect 2. Thef or mat i onofas ec ondar ymedi at ori sobl i gat or yi n membr anei nt r ac el l ul armec hani s m ofhor moneac t i on. Poi ntoutt hes ubs t anc et hati sunabl et obeas ec ondar y medi at or : A.Di acy l gl y cer ol B.Gl y cer ol * C.cAMP D.Ca2+ E.I nosi t ol 3. 4. 5t r i phosphat e 3.Whi ch f r om t he speci f i ed par amet er si s an obl i gat or y condi t i on of f ast per meat i on of t he medi ci nal agent st hr oughabl oodbr ai nbar r i er ? A.Shor thal f l i f e B.Wat ersol ubi l i t y C.Li pi dsol ubi l i t y* D.St r ongbi ndi ngt opr ot ei ns E.I oni zedst at e C.Wi l l decr ease D.Wi l l notchange E.Wi l l di sappear 8.Thebi oav ai l abi l i t yi sdef i nedasanav er agel ev eli f onei sequal : A.020% B.4070% C.100% D.>70% E.<40%* 9.Forpr ev ent i onr emot er el apsesof4day smal ar i aa 42y . o.pat i entwasgi v enpr i maqui ne.Ont he3dday oft het r eat mentwi t ht her apeut i cdosesoft hedr ug pat i entexper i enced abdomi nalpai n,car di ac pai n, dy spepsi a,gener al i zedcy anosi s.Whati st her eason oft heseadv er seef f ect soft hedr ug? A. Pot ent i at i onoft hedr ug’ sac t i onbyot hert her apeut i c agent B.Sl owi ngdownofdr ug’ ssecr et i onwi t hur i ne C.Decr easi ngofact i v i t yofl i v ermi cr osomal enzy mes D.Genet i cdef i ci encyofGl ucose6phosphat e dehydr ogenase* E.Cumul at i onoft het her apeut i cagent 10.Whi choneoft hef ol l owi ngi sTRUEf oradr ug whose el i mi nat i on f r om pl asma shows 1stor der ki net i cs? A.Thehal f l i f eoft hedr ugi spr opor t i onalt ot hedr ug concent r at i oni npl asma B.Theamountel i mi nat edperuni tt i mei sconst ant C.The r at e ofel i mi nat i on i s pr opor t i onalt ot he pl asmaconcent r at i on D.El i mi nat i on i nv ol v es a r at el i mi t i ng enzy mat i c r eact i onoper at i ngati t smaxi mal v el oci t y( Vm) E.Apl otofdr ugc onc ent r at i onv er s ust i mei sas t r ai ght l i ne 4.Whi choft hedr ugsr eadi l ypenet r at ei nt ot heCNS? A. Hy dr ophi l i c dr ugs wi t h a nonuni f or m di st r i but i onofel ect r ons B.Pol ardr ugs C.Li pi dsol ubl e* D.Bi ndi ngdr ugst opl asmapr ot ei ns E.I oni zeddr ugs 5. A 37 y . o. pat i ent ,suf f er i ng an obl i t er at i ng endar t er i t i soft hel egs, r ecei v espheny l i ni nadoseof 60mg/ kg.Becauseofconv ul si ondev el opment( br ai n t r auma i si n anamnesi s) ,phenobar bi t alhad been gi v en,af t ert he cancel l at i on ofwhi ch t he nasal bl eedi ng occur r ed at t he pat i ent . The gi v en compl i cat i oni sconnect edwi t h: A.Conj ugat i onofpheny l i nwi t hagl ucur oni caci d B. I nhi bi t i on by phenobar bi t al of enzy mes mi cr osomal oxi dat i onsi nal i v er C. I nduct i on by phenobar bi t al of enzy mes mi cr osomal oxi dat i onsi nal i v er * D.Oxi dat i v edeami nat i onofpheny l i n E.Al i phat i chy dr oxy l at i onofphenobar bi t al 11.Whi choneoft hef ol l owi ngi sTRUEf oradr ug whose el i mi nat i on f r om pl asma shows zer oor der ki net i cs? A.Thehal f l i f eoft hedr ugi spr opor t i onalt ot hedr ug concent r at i oni npl asma B.Theamountel i mi nat edperuni tt i mei sconst ant* C.Ther at eofel i mi nat i ondoesnotdependont he pl asmaconcent r at i on D.El i mi nat i on i nv ol v es a r at el i mi t i ng enzy mat i c r eact i onoper at i ngati t smaxi mal v el oci t y E.Apl otofdr ugc onc ent r at i onv er s ust i mei sas t r ai ght 6.Phar macoki net i cs i ncl udes al loft he f ol l owi ng pr ocessesEXCEPT: A.Absor pt i on B.Di st r i but i on C.Bi ot r ansf or mat i on D.El i mi nat i on E.Cl i ni cal use* l i ne. 12.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngt i meper i odsmostcl osel y descr i best hecl ear ancer at eofadr ugt hati si nf used atar at eof4mg/ mi nandpr oducesast eady st at e concent r at i onof6mg/ Li nt hepl asma? A.27ml / mi n B.40ml / mi n C.24ml / mi n D.667ml / mi n* E.1. 200ml / mi n 7.How phar mac ol ogi c alac t i v i t yofadr ugwi t hhi gh af f i ni t y t o pl as ma pr ot ei n wi l l be al t er ed at hy poal bumi nemi a? A.Wi l l sl i ght l ydecr ease B.Wi l l i ncr ease 1 13.Chooset hecor r ectst at ement : A.Weakbasesar eabsor bedef f i ci ent l yacr osst he epi t hel i al cel l soft hest omach B. Coadmi ni st r at i on of at r opi ne speeds t he absor pt i onofaseconddr ug C.Dr ugsshowi ngl ar geVdcanbeef f i ci ent l yr emov ed bydi al y si soft hepl asma D.St r essemot i onscanl eadt oasl owi ngofdr ug absor pt i on* E.I ft heVdf oradr ugi ssmal l ,mostoft hedr ugi si n t heext r apl asmi cspace 14.Adr ug, gi v eni na100mgsi ngl edose, r esul t si na peak pl asma concent r at i on of 20 μg/ ml . The appar entv ol ume di st r i but i on i s( assume a r api d di st r i but i on and negl i gi bl e el i mi nat i on pr i or t o measur i ngt hepeakpl asmal ev el ) : A.0. 5L B.1L C.2L D.5L* E.10L. 15.Whati st hemai nmechani sm ofdr ugabsor pt i on i nt heGI T? A.Fi l t r at i on B.Passi v edi f f usi on* C.Act i v et r anspor t D.Pi nocy t osi s E.Al l abov e 16.Pr oser i nei ncr easest het oneofskel et almuscl es af t ersy st emi cadmi ni st r at i on.Ft or ot an ( hal ot hane) i nduces skel et almuscl er el axat i on and r educes pr oser i neef f ect s.I ndi cat et hechar act erofpr oser i ne andf t or ot ani nt er act i on. A.Compet i t i v eant agoni sm B.Di r ectf unct i onal ant agoni sm C.I ndi r ectf unct i onal ant agoni sm * D.I ndependentant agoni sm E.Uni l at er al ant agoni sm 17.How dowecal lt hedr ugact i on,whi chcauses congeni t al mal f or mat i ons? A.Mut agenousact i on B.Embr y ot oxi cact i on C.Ter at ogeni c* D.Fet ot oxi c E.Al l abov e 18.How t o expl ai nt he r educt i on ofef f ect s of sal i cy l at esi nt hei nt er act i onwi t hphenobar bi t al ? A.I nhi bi t i onofenzy mesoft hel i v er B.Ant agoni stef f ect C.Tachy phy l axi s D.Tol er ance E.Act i v at i onofl i v erenzy mes* 19.Thebr eadt hoft her apeut i cact i oni sar angeof doses: A.Fr om av er aget her apeut i cdoset omi ni mum t oxi c dose B.Fr om si ngl edoset ocour sedose C.Fr om mi ni malt her apeut i cdos et omi ni mum t ox i c dos e* D.Fr om si ngl edoset odai l ydose E.Fr om mi ni mum ef f ect i v edoset o av er aget oxi c 20. Gi v et he cor r ect expl anat i on f or t he t er m “ t ol er ance” : A.Aconst antov er mast er i ngcr av i ngf ort aki ngadr ug B. Ampl i f i cat i on of dr ug act i on i n r epeat ed i nt r oduct i on C.Lower i ngofdr ugact i oni nr epeat edi nt r oduct i on* D.I ncr easedsensi bi l i t yt ot hedr ug E.Lower i ngofdr ugabsor pt i on 21.Whati st heacet y l at i onofdr ugs?К A.Conj ugat i onwi t hgl ucur oni caci d B.Oxi dat i onwi t hpar t i ci pat i onofCYP450 C.Bi ndi ngt oacet i caci d* D.Hy dr ol y si sofdr ugs E.Bi ndi ngt ogl ucur oni caci d 22.Whati st hegl ucur oni dat i onofdr ugs?К A.Conj ugat i onwi t hgl ucur oni caci d* B.Oxi dat i onwi t hpar t i ci pat i onofCYP450 C.Bi ndi ngt oacet i caci d D.Hy dr ol y si sofdr ugs E.Cy cl i zat i onofdr ugs 23.Whatdoest het er m« t achyphyl axi s»mean? A.St r ongwi shoft aki ngt hedr ug B. Ampl i f i cat i on of dr ug act i on i n r epeat ed i nt r oduct i on C.Lower i ngofdr ugact i oni nr epeat edi nt r oduct i on D. Rapi d decr ease of t he ef f ect i n r epeat ed i nt r oduct i on oft hedr ug wi t hi n shor tper i od of t i me* E.I ncr easedsensi bi l i t yt ot hedr ug 24.Thecumul at i onofdr ugsi spossi bl e: A.I ndecr easedr eabsor pt i oni nki dney B.I ni ncr easedsecr et i oni nr enal t ubul es C.I nl ower i ngoft hegl omer ul arf i l t r at i on* D.I nact i v at i onofmi cr osomalenzy mesoft he l i v er E.I ni ncr easeofbi ot r ansf or mat i on 25.A pat i entt ook PO a hal foft he gl ass of chl or ophos ( st r ong i nhi bi t or of t he acet y l chol i nest er ase) wi t h t he ai m of sui ci de. Besi desofgast r i cl av age,cl eansi ngenema,i nf usi on t her apy ,t hei nj ect i onofat r opi newasmade.Asa r esul toft hesi gnsoft hei nt oxi cat i ondi sappear ed. Det er mi net het y peofi nt er act i onbet weenat r opi ne andchl or ophos: A.I nhi bi t i onofenzy mesoft hel i v er B.Ant agoni stef f ect * C.Tachy phy l axi s D.Tol er ance E.Act i v at i onofenzy mesoft hel i v er 26. A pat i ent t ook t he l ongl ast i ng cour se of ant i bi ot i ct her apy i n connect i on wi t h i nf ect i ous di sease.Dur i ngt r eat menthebegant ocompl ai nof ski nr ash,i t chi ng,r hi ni t i s.Af t ert henexti nj ect i onof t heant i bi ot i casphy xi a,edemaofl i ps,i ncr easeof o bodyt wer e obser v ed.The doct orabol i shed t he ant i bi ot i ct her apy and i ndi cat ed necessar y dr ugs. Det er mi net het y peoft hi spat hol ogi cal condi t i on: A.I nhi bi t i onofenzy mesoft hel i v er B.Sensi bi l i zat i on* C.Tachy phy l axi s dose 2 D.Tol er ance E.Ant agoni stef f ect 27.Al ongcour seoft r eat mentwi t hcy ancobal ami n was admi ni st er ed I M t o t he pat i ent wi t h megal obl ast i canemi adevel opedaf t ergast r oect omy . What adv ant age does a par ent er al way of admi ni st r at i onhav eov eror al ? A.Thedr ugi squi ckl ydeduced B.Thedr ugi squi ckl yabsor bed C.Thedr ugci r cul at esi nbl oodf oral ongert i me D.Thedr ugdoesnotdi si nt egr at ei nt hel i v er E. Thi s way i s ef f ect i v e i n absence of gast r omucopr ot ei n* D.Phar macol ogi c* E.Compet i t i v e 33.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngphar macoki net i cv al ues mostr el i abl yr ef l ect st he t ot alamountofdr ug r eachi ngt het ar gett i ssueaf t eror al admi ni st r at i on? A.Vol umeofdi st r i but i on B.El i mi nat i onr at econst ant C.Peakbl oodconcent r at i on D.Ar eaundert hebl oodconcent r at i ont i mecur v e* E.Cl ear ance 34.I ndi cat echemi calr eact i onofdr ugmet abol i sm whi chbel ongst ot hephaseofsy nt het i cr eact i ons ( conj ugat i on) : A.Deami nat i on B.Deal ky l at i on C.Oxi dat i on D.Gl ucur oni dat i on* E.Reduct i on 28.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngst at ement sr esul ti na doubl i ngoft hest eady st at econcent r at i onofadr ug? A.Doubl i ngt her at eofi nf usi on* B.Mai nt ai ni ng t he i nf usi on r at e,butdoubl i ng t he l oadi ngdose C.Doubl i ng t her at eofi nf usi onand doubl i ng t he concent r at i onoft hei nf useddr ug D.Tr i pl i ngt her at eofi nf usi on E.Quadr upl i ngt her at eofi nf usi on 35.An agentwi t h mar ked l i pophi l i c pr oper t i es i s admi ni st er ed t o a pat i ent . What i s t he mai n mechani sm ofi t sabsor pt i on? A.Act i v et r anspor t B.Passi v edi f f usi on* C.Fi l t r at i on D.Pi nocy t osi s E.Bi ndi ngt ot r anspor tpr ot ei ns 29.Azi t hr omyci n,an ant i bi ot i c,has an appar ent v ol umeofdi st r i but i on( Vd)ofappr oxi mat el y30L/ kg. Thecor r ecti nt er pr et at i onoft hi si nf or mat i oni st hat Azi t hr omyci ni swhi choft hef ol l owi ng? A.Ef f ect i v eonl ywhengi v eni nt r av enousl y B. Ext ensi v el y di st r i but ed t o si t es out si de t he v ascul arandi nt er st i t i al spaces* C.El i mi nat edmai nl ybyr enalexcr et i on,wi t houtpr i or met abol i sm D.Unabl et o cr oss t he bl oodbr ai n orpl acent al bar r i er s E.Notext ensi v el yboundt opl asmapr ot ei ns 36.Excr et i onofdr ugsort hei rmet abol i t esacr osst he cel lmembr aneoccur sbyt hef ol l owi ngmechani sm onl y : A.Passi v edi f f usi on B.Act i v et r anspor t C.Fi l t r at i on* D.Pi nocy t osi s E.Si mpl i f i eddi f f usi on 30.Whi ch oft he f ol l owi ng admi ni st r at i on r out es mostl i kel ysubj ectadr ugt oa“ f i r st pass”ef f ecti n t hel i v er ? A.I nhal at i on B.I nt r amuscul ar C.I nt r av enous D.Or al * E.Subl i ngual 37.I ft hedr ugsubst anceort oxi ni nhi bi t ssy nt hesi s ofATP,whatmechani sm ofpenet r at i ont hr ought he cel l membr anei sbl ocked? A.Passi v edi f f usi on B.Act i v et r anspor t* C.Fi l t r at i on D.Pi nocy t osi s E.Si mpl i f i eddi f f usi on 31.Youar epl anni ngt oi nf useadr ugI Vataconst ant amountperuni tt i me ( r at e) .I thas a f i r stor der el i mi nat i onr at econst ant( kel)of0. 35/ h.Nol oadi ng dose wi l l be gi v en. How l ong wi l li tt ake appr oxi mat el yf orbl oodl ev el st or eachst eadyst at e af t ert hei nf usi onbegi ns? A.0. 7hour s B.1. 2hour s C.9hour s* D.24hour s E.36hour s 38.Whatphar macoki net i cpr oper t yi schar act er i st i c f orl i pophi l i cdr ugsubst ance? A.I ti smet abol i zedi nl i v er * B.Lowbi oav ai l abi l i t yi nor al i nt r oduct i on C.Qui ckr enal el i mi nat i on D.Lowper meabi l i t yacr osst i ssuebar r i er s E.Lowr enal r eabsor pt i on 39.Phar macol ogi cali ncompat i bi l i t y ofmedi ci nes, whi chi sf oundoutatal ev elofspeci f i cef f ect( f or exampl e,admi ni st r at i on of adr enomi met i cs and adr enobl ocker s) , i sknownas: A.Phy si cal B.Phar macoki net i c C.Chemi cal D.Phar macody nami c* E.Phar maceut i cal 32.Twodr ugsactont hesamet i ssueoror ganv i a act i v at i onofdi f f er entr ecept or s,r esul t i ngi nef f ect s t hatar equal i t at i v el yt heopposi t eofoneanot her . Whati st het y peofdr ugant agoni sm? A.Chemi cal B.Phy si ol ogi c C.Di sposi t i onal 40.I nf l uence of cer t ai n unf av or abl ef act or s,i n 3 par t i cul ar some medi calagent s,whi ch pr ecede pr egnancy ,enl ar ger i skofabi r t hoft hechi l dwi t h genet i cdef ect s.Howt hi sact i oni scal l ed? A.Embr y ot oxi cef f ect B.Mut ageni cef f ect * C.Ter at ogeni cef f ect D.Fet ot oxi cef f ect E.Bl ast omogeni cef f ect E.Mat er i al cumul at i on* 46.Apat i entwhohasbeent r eat edwi t hdi azepam on accountofneur osi scompl ai nsoft oot hache.Doct or admi ni st er ed hi m an anal get i c,buti t s dose was l ower t han av er age t her apeut i c dose. What phenomenondi dt hedoct ort akei nt oaccountwhi l e pr escr i bi ngt hepat i entanunder dose? A.Tol er ance B.Cumul at i on C.Summat i on D.Pot ent i at i on* E.Dr ugdependence 41.I ti s known t hati ndi v i dual s wi t h genet i cal l y caused def i ci ency of gl ucose6phosphat e dehy dr ogenase may dev el op RBC hemol y si si n r esponset ot headmi ni st r at i onofsomeant i mal ar i al dr ugs.Mani f est at i onofadv er ser eact i onst ot hese 2013 dr ugsi scal l ed: A.I di osy ncr asy* B.Sensi bi l i zat i on C.Al l er gi cr eact i on D.Tachy phy l axi s E.Tol er ance 47.Dur i ngsur gi caloper at i onwi t hadmi ni st r at i onofa my or el axant( neur omuscul arbl ocker ) ,adi st ur bance ofbr eat hi ngdev el oped.Admi ni st r at i onofpr oser i ne ( neost i gmi ne)hasi mpr ov edpat i ent ’ scondi t i on.What i st henameoft hi st y peofdr ugi nt er act i on? A.I ncompat i bi l i t y B.Ant agoni sm * C.Tachy phy l axi s D.Sy ner gi sm E.Cumul at i on 42.I napat i ent ’ sl i v ert hepr ocessesofdet oxi f i cat i on ofnat ur almet abol i t es and xenobi ot i cs i s br oken. Act i v i t yofwhatcy t ochr omecanber educed? A.Cy t ochr omeB B.Cy t ochr omeB1 C.Hemogl obi n D.Cy t ochr omeoxi dase E.Cy t ochr omeP450* 48.Doct orpr escr i bed5%ephedr i nenasaldr opst oa pat i entsuf f er i ng f r om acut er hi ni t i s.The pat i ent st ar t edt oputt hedr opsev er y30mi n.Asar esul t t her e was shar p weakeni ng oft he ef f ectoft he pr epar at i on.I ndi cat et her eason ofappear anceof t achyphyl axi s: A.Exhaust i onofsubst r at et hr oughwhi ch ephedr i neact s* B.Adapt at i onofcel l r ecept or s C.I ncr easeofact i v i t yofhepat i cenzy mes D.I ncr easeofexcr et i onofephedr i ne E.Bl ockadeofr ecept or s 43.Thepat i entwasgi v enadr ug“ A” .Af t eraf ewday s t heef f ectoft hedr ugsi gni f i cant l ydr oppedandf or r est or i ng oft he i ni t i alef f ecti twas necessar yt o i ncr easet hedr ug’ sdose.Whati st henameoft hi s phenomenon? A.Cumul at i on B.Tachy phy l axi s C.Dependence D.Tol er ance* E.I di osy ncr asy 49.I ndi cat et henumberofi nt r oduct i onofadr ugper dayi fi t shal f l i f eper i od( T1/2)i s20hour s: A.2t i mesaday B.3t i mesaday C.4t i mesaday D.Oncedai l y * E.Ev er y12hour s 44.Dur i ng t he embr y oni c per i od met abol i sm of medi cat i onsi sconsi der abl ysl owedt hani nanadul t or gani sm.The speci f i ed f eat ur e of an embr y o phar macoki net i cs i s caused,f i r stof al l ,by t he f ol l owi ng: A.The f unct i onali mper f ect i on of enzy mes, pr edomi nant l ybyt hei rabsence* B.The bi g per meabi l i t y of hi st ohemat ol ogi c bar r i er s C.Essent i al v ol umeofext r acel l ul arl i qui d D.Abi l i t yf orabsor pt i onandal l ocat i onofwat er sol ubl edr ugsbyt heski n E.Mat ur i ng”ofr ecept or si nor gansi ndi f f er ent t er ms 50.Whati shal f l i f eper i od( T1/2)ofadr ug? A.Bl oodpl asmav ol ume,whi chi scl ear edf r om t he dr ugi naper i odoft i me B.Per i oddur i ngwhi chconcent r at i onofadr ugi n bl oodpl asmai sdecr easedby50%* C.Per i odofcompl et eexcr et i onofadr ugf r om t he or gani sm D.Speedofexcr et i onoft hedr ugv i aki dney s E.Rat i o bet ween speed ofexcr et i on and bl ood pl asmaconcent r at i onofadr ug 45.Apat i entwi t hchr oni ccar di aci nsuf f i ci encyhad been t aki ng f oxgl ov e( Di gi t al i s)pr epar at i onsf ora l ongt i me.Duet ot hev i ol at i onofi nt akeschedul et he woman got sy mpt oms of i nt oxi cat i on. These sy mpt omsr esul tf r om: A.Tachy phy l axi s B.Sensi bi l i zat i on C.Funct i onal cumul at i on D.I di osy ncr asy 51.Benzy l peni ci l l i n nat r i um sal ti si nj ect ed t ot he pat i entwi t hpneumoni ai nadoze500, 000U6t i mes perday .Justaf t erani nj ect i ont hepat i entdev el oped f ev er ,spasms,l oss ofconsci ousness.Whathas happenedt ot hepat i ent ? A.Anaphy l act i cshock* B.I di osy ncr asy C.Tachy phy l axi s D.Cumul at i on 4 E.Tol er ance 58.Dur i ng t he v i si tt o a dent i st ,an at t ack of br onchospasm hasdev el opedi nt hepat i entwhohas been t r eat ed wi t h 5 % ephedr i ne hydr ochl or i de sol ut i oni nj ect i on.I n20mi nt heat t ackr eoccur r ed. Theaddi t i onali nj ect i onofephedr i nehadnoef f ect duet ot achy phy l axi s.Whatmechani sm under l i est hi s phenomenon? A. Exhaust i on of t he nor adr enal i ne depot i n pr esy napt i cendi ngs* B.I nhi bi t i onofadr enal r ecept or s C.Act i v at i onofadr enal r ecept or s D.Mat er i al cumul at i onoft hedr ug E.I nduct i onofmi cr osomalenzy mesy st em byt he 52.The pat i entsuf f er i ng f r om epi l epsyhasbeen r ecei v i ngdai l y0, 2gofphenobar bi t alcont i nuousl y . Recent l yat t acksbecamemor ef r equent ,suppr essed moodi sobser v ed.Whi chpr ocessbecamet hecause ofdet er i or at i onoft hepat i ent ’ sst at e? A.Li v ermonooxy genaseenzy messy st em i nduct i on* B.Li v ermonooxy genaseenzy messy st em i nhi bi t i on C.Li pol y si sact i v at i on D.Gl uconeogenesi sact i v at i on E.Gl y col y si si nhi bi t i on 53.Adoct orhaspr escr i bedt oa48y . o.manwi t ha st enocar di aat t ackapi l l ofni t r ogl y cer i nesubl i ngual l y . Whyhast hedoct orchosenasubl i ngualmet hodof t hemedi ci neadmi ni st r at i on? A.Badi nt est i nal absor pt i on B.Dr ugel i mi nat i onbygast r i cj ui ce C.Ef f ectdev el opsf ast er* D.I ti sact i v at edbysal i v a E.Onl ybecausei tdamagest hel i v er l i v er 59.Wer epeat edl yadmi ni st era dr ug or al l y .Ev er y dosei s100mg;t hei nt er v albet weendosesi s8h, whi chi si dent i calt ot hedr ugpl asmahal f l i f e.The bi oav ai l abi l i t yi s0. 5.Forasl ongasweconductt he exper i ment no i nt er act i ng dr ugs ar e added or st opped,and t her e ar e no pat i ent r el at ed f act or s ( excr et i on, met abol i sm)t hatmi ghtchanget hedr ug’ s phar macoki net i cs. Howl ongwi l li tt akef ort hedr ugt or eachst eady st at eser um concent r at i on( Css) ? A.( 0. 693xVd)/Cl B.0. 693/ke C.T1/2xke D.D/( FxT1/2) E.4. 5xT1/2 Abbr evi at i ons:F=bi oav ai l abi l i t y : ke=el i mi nat i onr at econst ant ; D=dose( mg) ; Сl =cl ear ance; T1/2=hal f l i f e( h) Vd=Vol umeofdi st r i but i on. 54.Phenobar bi t alwaspr escr i bedt oa54y . o.man, suf f er i ngf r om i nsomni a.Thesl eepr hy t hm hasbeen nor mal i zed.Butgr adual l y , dur i ng2mont hs, t heef f ect of a medi ci ne has decr eased and i nsomni a r eoccur r ed.Whatf act orcauses t he r educt i on of somni f aci entmedi cat i onef f ect ? A.Badsol ubi l i t y B.Tol er ance* C.Badabsor pt i oni nt hest omach D.Accumul at i oni nl i pi ds E.Tachy phy l axi s 55.I ti sknown, t hati npeopl ewi t hgenet i cal l ycaused i nsuf f i ci encyofgl ucose6phosphat edehy dr ogenase enzy meofr edbl oodcel l s,l y si sofst at edcel l smay dev el op as a r eact i on t o some ant i mal ar i al medi cat i onsi nj ect i on.Howi ssuchunt y pi calr eact i on t omedi cat i onsdesi gnat ed? A.Sensi t i zat i on B.I di osy ncr asy* C.Al l er gi cr eact i on D.Tachy phy l axi s E.Tol er ance 56.Anal cohol i cwomanhasbor nagi r lwi t hment al andphy si caldev el opment all ag.Doct or sdi agnosed t hegi r lwi t hf et alal coholsy ndr ome.Whatef f ecti s t hecauseoft hegi r l ’ sst at e? A.Mal i gni zat i on B.Car ci nogeni c C.Mechani c D.Ter at ogeni c E.Mut ageni c 57.Thepat i entwi t hhy per t ensi onhasbeent aki ngan ant i hy per t ensi v edr ugf oral ongt i me, butsuddenl yhe st oppeddoi ngi t .Af t ert hatpat i ent ’ scondi t i onhas wor sened,hy per t ensi v ecr i si shasdev el oped.What ki ndofasi deact i oni si t ? A.Cumul at i on B.Wi t hdr awal sy ndr ome* C.Tol er ance D.Sensi t i zat i on E.Addi ct i on 60.Apat i entwhohasbeent aki ngadr ugf oral ong t i mecannotabr upt l yst opi t susebecauset hi smay l eadt opsy chi candsomat i cdy sf unct i ons.Namet he sy ndr omeofdi f f er entdi sor der scausedbyadr ug wi t hdr awal : A.Tachy phy l axi s B.Cumul at i on C.I di osy ncr asy D.Sensi bi l i zat i on E.Abst i nence* 61.Achi l dsuf f er sf r om dr ugi di osy ncr asy .Whati s 2012 t hecauseofsuchr eact i on? A.Her edi t ar yenzy mopat hy* B.Exhaust i onofsubst r at ei nt er act i ngwi t h phar maceut i cal subst ance C.Accumul at i onofphar maceut i cal subst ance D.I nhi bi t i onofmi cr osomal l i v erenzy mes E.Associ at eddi seasesoft ar getor gan 62.A50y . o.pat i entwi t hf oodpoi soni ngi sonadr i p of10%gl ucosesol ut i on.I tnotonl ypr ov i dest hebody wi t hnecessar yener gy , butal soper f or mst he f unct i onofdet oxi f i cat i onbyt hepr oduct i onofa met abol i t et hatpar t i ci pat esi nt hef ol l owi ng 2013 conj ugat i onr eact i on: A.Met hy l at i on B.Hy dr oxy l at i on C.Gl y cosy l at i on* D.Gl ucur oni dat i on 5 E.Sul f at i on E.Bi smut hsubni t r at e 2.Agent saf f ect i ngt heAf f er entNS 7.Bi smut hsal t sar et houghtt obeef f ect i v eadj unct s i nmanagi ng,i fnotheal i ng,r ef r act or ygast r i cul cer becauset heyhav ebact er i ci dal pr oper t i esagai nst : A.St aphy l ococcusaur eus B.Cl ost r i di um di f f i ci l e C.E.col i D.Hel i cobact erpy l or i * E.Bact er i ci desf r agi l i s 1.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngcondi t i onsi sNOT char act er i st i cofcocai neoverdosage? A.Di l at i onoft hepupi l B.Euphor i a C.Tachy car di a D.Per i pher al v asodi l at i on* E.Hal l uci nat i ons 8.I ndi cat et hemechani sm ofact i onofl ocal anest het i cs: A.For mat i onofal bumi nat eswi t ht i ssue’ spr ot ei ns B.Bl ockadeofsodi um channel s* C.Bl ockadeofMchol i nor ecept or s D.I nhi bi t i onofnonspeci f i cexci t at or ysy st emsof CNS E.Bl ockadeofal phaadr enor ecept or s 2.Apat i entwasdel i v er edt ot hesur gi caldepar t ment i n connect i on wi t h acut e appendi ci t i s.He was pr oposed t o make appendect omyundert he l ocal anest hesi a.Butf r om hi smedi calhi st or ywasknown t hathe had sev er e al l er gi cr eact i ons t o dr ugs. Choose t he dr ug t he most pr ef er abl ef or t he i nf i l t r at i onanest hesi ai nt hi ssi t uat i on: A.Nov ocai ne B.Li docai ne* C.Anest hesi ne D.Di cai ne E.Anyf r om i ndi cat edabov e 10.Adr i v erf el tshar ppai ni nt heey e.Hewas admi t t edt ot hehospi t al .Whi chl ocal anest het i cmay beappl i edf orr emov al ofaf or ei gnbodyf r om t heey e? A.Anaest hesi ne( Benzocai ne) B.Nov ocai n C.Li docai ne* D.Tr i mecai ne E.Sov cai num 3.Apat i entwasadmi t t edt oahospi t alwi t ht r auma oft heey easar esul tofhi t t i ngwi t hmet al l i cshav i ng. Edemaandhy per emi aoft heey e,hy per l acr i mat i on, pai nar eobser v ed.Chooset hel ocal anest het i ct ouse f orr emov al oft hef or ei gnbody : A.Pr ocai ne( Nov ocai ne) B.Tr i mecai ne C.Anest hesi ne D.Di cai ne* E.Anyf r om i ndi cat edabov e 11Whatmor phol ogi cal el ement sofski nandmucous membr anesar ei nv ol v edi ni nt er act i onwi t ht hedr ug i nt er mi nal anest hesi a? A.Sensi t i v ener v ousendi ngs* B.Epi der mi s C. Fat t yt i ssue D. Capi l l ar ywal l E. Der ma 4.Nat ur al l yoccur r i ngl ocal anest het i ci s: A.Nov ocai ne( Pr ocai ne) B.Anest hesi ne C.Li docai ne D.Cocai ne* E.Tr i mecai ne 12.I ndi cat et hepr i nci pl eofact i onofcov er i ngdr ugs: A.For mat i onofpr ot ect i v el ay eront hemucous membr anes* B.Bl ockadeofmucousmembr anesr ecept or s C.Coagul at i onofpr ot ei nsofsuper f i ci al l ay erof mucousmembr ane D.For mat i onofcompl exeswi t ht oxi cagent s E.Bl ockadeofNa+channel s 5.A23y . o.womanwi t hr edandi t chyeczemat ous der mat i t i sv i si t sadoct orof f i ce.Shehadadent al pr ocedur eonedayear l i erwi t hadmi ni st r at i onofa l ocalanaest het i c.Ther e wer e no ot herf i ndi ngs, al t hough she i ndi cat ed t hatshe had a hi st or yof al l er gi cr eact i ons.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngdr ugsi s mostl i kel yi nv ol v ed? A.Li docai ne B.Ul t r acai ne C.Bupi v acai ne D.Nov ocai ne( Pr ocai ne) * E.Tr i mecai ne 13.Foranest hesi adur i ngt oot hext r act i onsol ut i onof novocai n( pr ocai ne)hasbeenused.Whyi twasnot i nt r oducedi nt ogi ngi v al t i ssue, buti nt hepr oj ect i on ofner v ef i berpat h?Becauseof : A.Tr ansmi ssi onofpai ni mpul sesi sbl ocked* B.Al t er at i onoft i ssuepHi nanest hesi aar ea C.Depr essi onofaxonal t r anspor t D.Di st ur banceofact i onpot ent i al f or mat i onof t hepai nr ecept or s E.I ncr easi ngofexci t abi l i t yoft hepai nr ecept or s 6.Apat i entwi t hr enalf ai l ur eunder goesaper i odi c hemodi al y si swhi l eawai t i ngat r anspl ant .Bet ween di al y si s sessi ons we wantt or educe t he body ’ s phosphat e l oad by r educi ng di et ar y phosphat e absor pt i onandr emov i ngsomephosphat eal r eadyi n t he bl ood.Whi ch compound shal lwe admi ni st er or al l y ? A.Al umi num hy dr oxi de* B.Magnesi um hy dr oxi de C.Sodi um bi car bonat e D.Tanni n 14.Whynov ocai ne( pr ocai ne)i snotusedf ort er mi nal anaest hesi a? AI spoor l yabsor bedt hr oughnor mal ski nsur f ace andmucousmembr ane* B.Doesn’ tcausecov er i ngact i on CI ti seasi l yabsor bedandi nhi bi t st heCNS D.I r r i t at esmucousmembr ane E.Act i v at esMchol i nor ecept or s 6 15.I ndi cat et hemai nef f ectoft hel ocal anest het i cs: A.El i mi nat eal lki ndsofsensi bi l i t yduet obl ockadeof act i onpot ent i al * B.El i mi nat eal lki ndsofsensi bi l i t yduet opar al y si sof t heCNS C.Decr easeofexci t abi l i t yofner v eendi ngs D.Decr easeofexci t abi l i t yandconduct i v i t yoft he af f er entner v oussy st em E.Sel ect i v er el i ev eofpai nsensi bi l i t yi nl ocal act i on D.Tr i mecai ne E.Anaest hesi ne( Benzocai ne)* 23.Whi chdr ughast obeaddedt ol i docai nesol ut i on t opr ol ongi t sact i on? A.Nospa B.Caf f ei ne C.Adr enal i ne* D.At r opi ne E.Anapr i l i ne( Pr opr anol ol ) 16.Whatar et heai msoft her apybyi r r i t at i v edr ugs? A.Ref l exst i mul at i on B.Sl i m anal gesi cef f ectasar esul tofdi st r act i ng act i on C.Di l at i onofski nv essel s D.I mpr ov ementofi nneror gant r ophi ci t y E.Al l abov e* 24.Whati st hemai ni ndi cat i onf oradsor bi ngdr ugs use? A.Di ar r hea B.Hy poaci di cgast r i t i s C.Decr easei nt r y psi nact i v i t y D.Decr easei nbi l esecr et i on E.I nt oxi cat i on* 17.I ndi cat et hemai nef f ectofast r i ngentdr ugs. A.Decr easeofner v eendi ngsensi bi l i t y* B.Reduct i onofhy per emi aofmucous membr anesduet ov asoconst r i ct i on C.Rel i efofpai n D.Decr easeofsy nt hesi sofhi st ami ne E.Decr easeofgl andsecr et i on 25.Anur seusedmust ar dpl ast erwi t hwat erofmor e o t han600Ct andappl i edi tonpat i ent ’ sback.I n30 mi nshef oundt hatpat i ent ’ sski nundert hemust ar d pl ast erdi d notgetr ed.Whati st he r eason f or absenceofmust ar dpl ast eref f ect ? A.I nact i v at i onofmi r osi n* B.I nact i v at i onofchol i neest er ase C.Act i v at i onofmi r osi n D.I nact i v at i onofmonoami neoxi dase E.Act i v at i onofmet hy l t r anspher ase 18.Whi chdr ugf r om t hegr oupofl ocalanaest het i cs i snotusedt oget herwi t hsul f onami des? A.Nov ocai n( pr ocai ne)* B.Sov cai ne C.Li docai ne D.Tr i mecai ne E.Ul t r acai ne 26.I ti snecessar yt ocar r youtl ocalanest hesi aby l i docai neatext r act i onofaf or ei gnbodyf r om aney e. Whati st heact i onmechani sm oft hi sdr ug? A.Bl ocksNa+channel s* B.Br eakst r ansi tofK+t hr ought hemembr ane C.Decr easesdehy dr ogenaseact i v i t y D.Act i v at eK+channel s + E.Act i v at eNa channel s 19.Det er mi net hedr ug,whi chi susedf oral lt y pesof anaest hesi a. A.Nov ocai n( pr ocai ne) B.Anaest hesi ne( Benzocai ne) C.Li docai ne* D.Tr i mecai ne E.Di cai ne( t et r acai ne) 27.I ti snecessar yt opr ov i del ocalanest hesi at oa pat i entwi t hski nbur nswhi chr ecei v edasul f onami de agentsul f acyl sodi um ( sul f acet ami de sodi um)f or t he pr ev ent i on ofcont ami nat i on oft he wounds. Whi chl ocalanest het i ci sundesi r abl et oadmi ni st er si mul t aneousl ywi t hsul f onami des? A.Nov ocai ne( Pr ocai ne) * B.Li docai ne C.Tr i mecai ne D.Ul t r acai ne E.Py r omecai ne 20. A pat i ent wi t h i ncr eased sensi t i v i t y t o sul f onami de needs t oot h ext r act i on.Whi ch l ocal anest het i chast obeused? A.Anaest hesi ne( Benzocai ne) B.Di cai ne( Tet r acai ne) C.Li docai ne* D.Cocai ne E.Nov ocai ne( Pr ocai ne) 21.I nj ect i onofal ocalanest het i chast obegi v ent oa pat i entf ort oot hext r act i on.Whi chdr ugshoul dbe used? A.Cocai ne B.Di cai ne( Tet r acai ne) C.Anest hesi ne( Benzocai ne) D.Ul t r acai ne* E.Ket ami ne 28.A f ar merhasbeenadmi t t edt ohospi t alwi t ha shar ppai ni nhi sey e.Whatl ocal anest het i cwi l l cause t hest r ongestanest hesi aatt er mi nal anest hesi a? A.Nov ocai ne( Pr ocai ne) B.Li docai ne C.Tr i mecai ne D.Di cai ne( Tet r acai ne)* E.Anaest hesi ne( Benzocai ne) 22.Thi sagenti spoor l ysol ubl ei nwat er , soi ti sused f or super f i ci alanest hesi a onl yi nt he f or m of oi nt ment , past eandpowder .Whati st hi sdr ug? A.Sov cai ne B.Nov ocai ne( Pr ocai ne) C.Py r omecai ne 29.A26y . o.pat i entwi t hnumer ousbur nsoft heski n has been car r i ed outsuper f i ci alanest hesi a wi t h aer osol« Ampr ovi zol »t hatcont ai ns anaest hesi ne ( benzocai ne) . What el ement s of t he ski n and mucosalmembr anesar eaf f ect edbyanest het i cat t er mi nal anest hesi a? 7 A.Epi der mi s B.Wal l sofcapi l l ar i es C.Sensi t i v ener v eendi ngs* D.Der ma E.Subcut aneousf at t yt i ssue chol i ner gi cagoni stwi t haphar macol ogi cact i on? A.Pr oser i ne: st i mul at esat oni cbl adder B.Car bachol : i nducesr el easeofepi nephr i nef r om t he adr enal medul l a C.Acet y l chol i ne:decr easeshear tr at eandcar di ac out put D.Pi l ocar pi ne: r educesi nt r aocul arpr essur e E.Phy sost i gmi ne: decr easesi nt est i nal mot i l i t y * 30.I ti snecessar yf orpat i entt ocar r youtpar anephr al bl ockadeaf t erA. V. Vi shnev sky .Whatconcent r at i on ofnov ocai ne( pr ocai ne)i sr equi r edf ori nt r oduct i on f ort hi spur pose? A.0. 1250. 5%* B.0. 51% C.12% D.23% E.5% 4.Pr oser pi ne( Neost i gmi ne) : A.I scont r ai ndi cat edi ngl aucomaandmy ast heni a B.Mayi nduceobst i pat i on C.Decr easest heacet y l chol i neconcent r at i onatt he neur omuscul arj unct i on D.Mayr esul ti nbowelhy per mot i l i t y ,sal i v at i on,and sweat i ng* E.Exacer bat est ubocur ar i nepoi soni ng 31.A pat i entsuf f er i ng f r om chr oni c hy per aci di c gast r i t i s t akes an ant aci d dr ug f or hear t bur n el i mi nat i on.Af t eri t si ngest i ont hepat i entf eel sbet t er butatt hesamet i mehehasasensat i onofst omach swel l i ng.Whi chdr ugmi ghtbet hecauseofsuchsi de ef f ect ?2012 A.Sodi um hy dr ocar bonat e* B.Pepsi n C.Al umi ni um hy dr oxi de D.Magnesi um oxi de E.Magnesi um t r i si l i cat e 5.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngsi gnsi sNOTanexpect ed sy mpt om ofpoi soni ngwi t hneost i gmi ne( pr oser i ne) ? A.I ncr easei nskel et al muscl et onus B.I ncr easedbr onchi al secr et i ons C.Mi osi s D.Tachy car di a* E.Conv ul si ons 6.Whi ch of t he f ol l owi ng dr ugs I NCORRECTLY mat ches a chol i ner gi c agoni st wi t h a phar macol ogi cal act i on? A.Pr oser i ne: st i mul at esat oni cbl adder B.Car bachol : i nducesr el easeofepi nephr i nef r om t he adr enal medul l a C.Acet y l chol i ne:decr easeshear tr at eandcar di ac out put D.Pi l ocar pi ne: r educesi nt r aocul arpr essur e E.Gal ant ami ne: decr easesi nt est i nal mot i l i t y * 32.Whi chdr ugf r om t hegr oupofl ocalanest het i csi s notusedt oget herwi t hsul f onami des? A.Nov ocai ne( pr ocai ne)* B.Bupi v acai ne C.Li docai ne D.Tr i mecai ne E.Ul t r acai ne 3.Agent sAf f ect i ngt heEf f er entNS 3. 1.Chol i ner gi cAgent s 3. 1. 1.M, NChol i ner gi cAgent s.Ant i chol i nest er ases. 7.Whi chONEoft hef ol l owi ngdr ugswoul dbeusef ul i nt hel ongt er mt r eat mentofmy ast heni agr av i s? A.Ar duan B.At r opi ne C.Pr oser i ne( Neost i gmi ne) * D.Scopol ami ne E.Lobel i ne 1.Det er mi ne t he phar macol ogi calgr oup ofdr ugs accor di ng t o t hei r pr oper t i es: t hey i nhi bi t acet y l chol i nest er ase, del ay t he hy dr ol y si s of acet y l chol i ne, f aci l i t at e t he neur omuscul ar conduct i on, cause mi osi s and spasm of accommodat i on,i ncr easet het oni ci t yoft hesmoot h muscl esoft hei nneror gansandskel et al muscl es A.Ant i chol i nest er ases* B.al phaadr enobl ocker s C.bet aadr enobl ocker s D.Mchol i nobl ocker s E.Nchol i nobl ocker s 8. Det er mi ne t he dr ug. I t i s t he r ev er si bl e acet y l chol i nest er asei nhi bi t orandcausest heef f ect s associ at ed wi t ht he ex ci t at i on of par asy mpat het i c ner v oussy st em:i tnar r owst hepupi l s,decr easest he i nt r aocul arpr essur e,causes br ady car di a,spasm of accommodat i on;st i mul at es smoot h muscl es and gl andsoft hegast r oi nt est i nal , r espi r at or y , ur i nar yt r act s and i n t he ey e; f aci l i t at es t he neur omuscul ar t r ansmi ssi on.Chemi cal l yi ti squat er nar yammoni um compound, hencei spoor l yabsor bedor al l y( or al dosei s 2030t i meshi ghert henpar ent er aldose)andpoor l y penet r at esi nt ot heCNS. A.Pheny l ephr i ne B.Neost i gmi ne( Pr oser i ne) * C.Gal ant ami ne D.Pi l ocar pi ne E.At r opi nesul f at e 2.I nexper i menthet er ozy gousmi ceamut at i onoft he gene codi ng pr ot ei n ofend pl at e oft he skel et al muscl es, whi ch f i xes acet y l chol i nest er ase i n a sy napse, has been r ecei v ed. Whi ch way wi l l neost i gmi ne ( pr oser i n)i nf l uenceonneur omuscul ar t r ansmi ssi onbechanged? A.Wi l l besl i ght l yampl i f i ed B.Wi l l besi gni f i cant l yampl i f i ed C.Wi l l benotchanged D.Wi l l bedecr eased* E.– 9.Pr oser i n has been admi ni st er ed t o a pat i ent suf f er i ngf r om my ast heni a.Af t eri t sadmi ni st r at i on t hepat i enthasgotnausea, di ar r hea, t wi t choft ongue 3.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngdr ugsi ncor r ect l ymat chesa 8 andskel et almuscl es.Whi chdr ugwi l lel i mi nat et he i nt oxi cat i on? A.At r opi nesul f at e* B.Py r i dost i gmi nebr omi de C.I sadr i ne D.Mesat on E.Phy sost i gmi ne B.Phy sost i gmi ne* C.Pi l ocar pi ne D.Di pi r oxi m E.At r opi ne 17.Af t eruse ofneost i gmi ne i nt he pat i entwi t h my ast heni a,such sy mpt oms as nausea,di ar r hea, t wi t chi ngofmuscl esoft ongueandskel et almuscl es hav e appear ed. Whi ch agent can abor t t he i nt oxi cat i on? A.Phy sost i gmi ne B.Met haci n* C.Mesat one( Phenyl ephr i ne) D.Tubocur ar i ne E.Py r i dost i gmi nebr omi de 10.A54y . o.mal ei sadmi t t edt ot heemer gencyr oom. Hecompl ai nsdr ymout h, phot ophobi a, bl ur r edv i si on. Hehashy per emi aanddr y nessofski n,my dr i asi s, i ncr easedi nt r aoc ul arpr es s ur e. Thehear tr at ei s140per mi nut eandBPi s100/ 70mm Hg.Whi c hofdr ugs houl d beadmi ni s t er ed? A.Pr oser i ne( Neost i gmi ne)* B.Pi l ocar pi ne C.Di pi r oxi m D.Dopami ne E.Adr enal i ne 11.Al loft hef ol l owi ngdr ugsdonotcr osst hebl ood br ai nbar r i erexcept : A.Pl at y phy l l i n B.Gast r osepi ne C.Gal ant ami ne* D.Neost i gmi ne( Pr oser i ne) E.Pi r enzepi ne 12.Thesubt y peofcar di acmuscar i ni cr ecept ori s pr edomi nant l y : A.M1 B.M2* C.M3 D.M1andM3 E.M1, M2andM3 13.Phy sost i gmi ne( Eser i nisul f as)usedmai nl yf ori t s par asy mpat homi met i cef f ect s, i nhi bi t s: A.Phosphodi est er ase B.Acet y l chol i nest er ase* C.Cat echol Omet hy l t r ansf er ase( COMT) D.Monoami neoxi dase( MAO) E.DOPAdecar boxy l ase 14.Dur i ngsur gi caloper at i onwi t hadmi ni st r at i onofa my or el axant( neur omuscul arbl ocker ) ,adi st ur bance ofbr eat hi ngdev el oped.Admi ni st r at i onofpr oser i ne ( neost i gmi ne)hasi mpr ov edpat i ent ’ scondi t i on.What i st henameoft hi st y peofdr ugi nt er act i on? A.I ncompat i bi l i t y B.Ant agoni sm * C.Tachy phy l axi s D.Sy ner gi sm E.Cumul at i on 15.Adoct orhaspr escr i bedcy cl odolf orPar ki nson di sease. What i s t he mechani sm of i t s ant i par ki nsoni anact i on? A.M chol i nomi met i cact i on B.M, Nchol i nobl ocki ngact i on* C.St i mul at i onofdopami ner ecept or s D.Bl ockadeofdopami ner ecept or s E.bet aadr enobl ockeract i on 18.Toapat i entwi t hgl aucomai ti snecessar yt o pr escr i be a medi ci ne. What ant i chol i nest er ase ( t er t i ar yami ne)i snotusedi nopht hal mi cpr act i ce becauseofsi gni f i canti r r i t antact i ononey e? A.Ar mi ne B.Py r i dost i gmi nebr omi de C.Pr oser i ne( Neost i gmi ne) D.Gal ant ami ne* E.Phy sost i gmi ne 19.Apat i entwi t hcompl ai nt sondr y nessi nmout h, phot ophobi aandv i sualdi st ur bancesi sadmi t t edt o an admi ssi on depar t ment .He has r edness and dr y nessofski n,pupi l s’di l at i onandt achy car di adue t opoi soni ngwi t hBel l adonnaal kal oi ds.Whatagent shoul dbeused? A.Ar mi ne B.Pi l ocar pi ne C.Pr oser i ne( Neost i gmi ne) * D.Di pi r oxi m E.Di azepam 20. At compl ex nar cosi s ( gener al anest hesi a) pr ot ocoldur i ngst omachr esect i on,apat i enthasgot an i nj ect i on of t ubocur ar i ne chl or i de as a my or el axant( neur omuscul arbl ocker ) .Whatagent– ant agoni stshoul dbeadmi ni st er edt ot hepat i entf or r est or at i onofhi ssel f dr i v enr espi r at i on? A.Pr oser i ne( Neost i gmi ne) * B.Di t hy l i n( Succi nyl chol i ne) C.At r opi ne D.Et i mi zol E.Benzohexoni um 21.Whatt he mostappr opr i at e ant i chol i nest er ase agent shoul d be gi v en t o combat t r aces of pol i omy el i t i s? A.Pr oser i ne B.Gal ant ami ne* C.Phy sost i gmi ne D.Ar mi ne E.Pl at y phy l l i n 22.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngdr ugsi ncor r ect l ymat ches achol i ner gi cagoni stwi t haphar macol ogi cact i on? A.Pr oser i ne: st i mul at esat oni cbl adder B.Car bachol : i nducesr el easeofepi nephr i nef r om t he adr enal medul l a C.Acet y l chol i ne:decr easeshear tr at eandcar di ac out put D.Pi l ocar pi ne: r educesi nt r aocul arpr essur e E.Phy sost i gmi ne: decr easesi nt est i nal mot i l i t y * 16.Thegl aucomai sdi agnosedi n43y . o.pat i entf or t he f i r st t i me. For t he t r eat ment doct or has pr escr i bedanant i chol i nest er aseagenti ney edr ops. I ndi cat et hi sagent : A.Сar bachol i ne 9 23.Ther ec ept or son t hes k el et almus c l eend pl at e r es pondt o: A.Acet y l chol i neandni cot i ne* B.Acet y l chol i ne, muscar i neandni cot i ne C.Ni cot i ne D.Muscar i ne E.Acet y l chol i ne 24.A82y . o.mani si ncr easi ngl yf or get f ul ,andhi s wi f ei saf r ai dofhei sdev el opi ngAl zhei mer ’ sdi sease. Youconsi derpr escr i bi nganant i chol i nest er asedr ug t o see i ft hi sdecr easeshi sf or get f ul ness.Bef or e wr i t i ngt hi spr escr i pt i on,y ouwantt obesur et hat t hesedr ugsar esui t abl e.Oft hepossi bl epr eexi st i ng condi t i ons l i st ed bel ow,y ou shoul d be t he l east concer nedabout : A.At r i ov ent r i cul arbl ockade B.Br ady car di a C.Ast hma D.Obst r uct i onoft heGI T E.Gl aucoma* 29. 3. 1. 2.MChol i ner gi cAgent s 1.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngcondi t i onsi schar act er i st i c ofpar asy mpat het i cst i mul at i on? A.Decr easei ni nt est i nal mot i l i t y B.I nhi bi t i onofbr onchi al secr et i on C.Cont r act i onofsphi nct ermuscl ei nt hei r i soft he ey e( my osi s)* D.Cont r act i onofsphi nct erofur i nar ybl adder E.I ncr easei nhear tr at e 2.Sel ect t he most appr opr i at e dr ug t o act at per i pher al and cent r al muscar i ni c chol i ner gi c r ecept or s: A.Pi r enzepi ne B.Neost i gmi ne C.Pl at y phy l l i n D.Scopol ami ne* E.I pr at r opi um br omi de 3.Sel ectt he mostappr opr i at e ant i chol i ner gi cf or ast hma: A.Pl at y phy l l i n B.Pi r enzepi ne C.Pi pecur oni um br omi de( Ar duan) D.At r opi ne E.I pr at r opi um br omi de* 4.A20y . o.pat i entwasadmi t t edt oahospi t alwi t ha shar p pai ni nt he abdomen,v omi t i ng,i mpeded br eat hi ng,and dy spnoea.He has t he moi stski n, hy per sal i v at i on, mi osi s, br ady car di a, muscul ar t wi t chi ng.I ti sknownf r om t heanamnesi st hatt he pat i enti sat oxoman,hebr eat hedi nt heaer osolf or ext er mi nat i onofi nsect s.Whatmechani sm ofact i on hast heagent , whi chhascausedpoi soni ng? A.Mchol i nobl ocki ng B.Nchol i nobl ocki ng C.Mchol i nomi met i c D.Nchol i nomi met i c E.M, Nchol i nomi met i c* 7.Thepat i entwi t hcompl ai nt sofconst antdr ymout h addr essedadent i st .Thedoct ormadet hedi agnosi s « xer ost omi a» .Tonor mal i zet hesecr et i onofsal i v ahe admi ni st er edPi l ocar pi ne56dr ops3t i mesaday .But t hepat i entv i ol at edt hei nst r uct i onsandt ookt hedr ug wi t houtf ol l owi ngt hei ndi cat eddosage.Soonbesi des t hedi sappear anceofmout hdr y nesshef el tcr amps, di ar r hea,i ncr eased br onchi alsecr et i on,sweat i ng, t ear i ng, br ady car di a, const r i ct i on i n t he chest , i nv ol unt ar yur i nat i on,hy pot ensi on.Wi t ht hehel pof whatdr ugcant hesi deef f ect sbeeasi l yel i mi nat ed? A.Acecl i di ne B.Cy t i t on C.Lobel i ne D.At r opi ne* E.Pr oser i ne 8.Det er mi net hedr ug.I ti st heal kal oi doft hesame pl ant sasat r opi nei s.I texer t ssi gni f i canti nhi bi t i ng 25.A 40y . o.mal ef ar m wor keri sbr oughtt ot he emer gencyr oom.He was f ound conf used i nt he or char dandsi ncet henhasl ostconsci ousness.Hi s HRi s45/ mi n;BPi s80/ 40mm Hg.Hei ssweat i ng and sal i v at i ng pr of usel y .Whi ch dr ug shoul d be admi ni st er ed? A.Gal ant ami ne B.Nor adr enal i ne C.Pr oser i ne D.At r opi ne* E.Pr ocai ne 26.A pat i entsuf f er i ngf r om my ast heni ahasbeen admi ni st er ed pr oser i n.Af t eri t sadmi ni st r at i on t he pat i enthasgotnausea,di ar r hea,t wi t choft ongue and skel et almuscl es.Whatdr ug woul d hel pt o el i mi nat et hei nt oxi cat i on? A.Py r i dost i gmi nebr omi de B.I sadr i ne C.Phy sost i gmi ne D.Mesat on E.At r opi nesul f at e* 27.A pat i entwas admi t t ed t o a hospi t alwi t h compl ai nt s aboutqui ckf at i gabi l i t yand si gni f i cant muscl e weakness. Exami nat i on r ev eal ed an aut oi mmunedi seaset hatcausesf unct i onaldi sor der ofr ecept or si nt heneur omuscul arsy napses.Thi swi l l r esul ti nt he di st ur bed act i v i t y of t he f ol l owi ng 2012 medi at or : A.Acet y l chol i ne* B.Dopami ne C.Gl y ci ne D.Ser ot oni n E.Nor adr enal i ne 28.Apat i entaf t erdi sr upt edcer ebr alci r cul at i onhas dev el opedpar al y si s.Chooset heant i chol i nest er ase dr ugt obepr escr i bedi nt hi scase: A.Met haci n B.Hexamet honi um ( Benzohexoni um) C.Pr oser i ne* D.Cor di ami n E.Acecl i di ne 10 i nf l uenceupont heCNS.I nt hecl i ni calpr act i cei t s i nhi bi t i ngact i onupont hecent er sconnect edwi t ht he v est i bul aranal y zeri s used f ort he t r eat mentof mot i onsi ckness. A.Met haci n B.Scopol ami ne* C.Pi r enzepi ne D.Gal ant ami ne E.Pl at y phy l l i n 9.Al lof f ol l owi ng si de ef f ect s ar e seen wi t h I pr at r opi um br omi deexcept : A.Ur i nar yr et ent i on B.Dr y nessofmout h C.Scr at chi ngi nt r achea D.Mi osi s* E.Gl aucoma 12.Apat i entwi t hr enal col i chasbeenadmi ni st er eda spasmol y t i c agent f r om t he gr oup of Mchol i nobl ocker s.Speci f yt hi sdr ug. A.Met haci n* B.Ephedr i ne C.Pi r enzepi ne D.Gal ant ami ne E.Nospa 13.A pat i entr ecei v es Acecl i di ne af t erabdomi nal sur ger y . Hi s hear tr at e f al l s sl i ght l y and she exper i encessomewheezi ng.Thesepul monar yand car di acr esponsesr epr esentorr ef l ect : A.Expect edsi deef f ect* B.I di osy ncr asy C.Par asy mpat het i cgangl i onact i v at i on D.Ref l ex( bar or ecept or )suppr essi onofcar di ac r at e E.Undi agnosedast hma 14.Wegi v ean‘ ef f ect i v edose’ ofat r opi net oaper son who i s poi soned wi t h an acet y l chol i nest er ase i nhi bi t or . Whi ch st r uct ur e wi l l cont i nue t o be ov er act edbyt heexcessacet y l chol i neaf t ert hi sdr ug i sgi v en? A.Ai r waysmoot hmuscl e B.SAnodeoft hehear t C.Sal i v ar yandl acr i mal gl ands D.Skel et al muscl e* E.Vascul arsmoot hmuscl e 15.Whi chi samuscar i ner ecept or bl ocki ngdr ugt hat i s admi ni st er ed by i nhal at i on t o cause br onchodi l at i on f orpat i ent s wi t h emphy sema and ast hma? A.Pl at y phy l l i n B.I pr at r opi um br omi de* C.Pancur oni um D.Pi l ocar pi ne E.Sal but amol 16. A dent i st pr escr i bed an agent st i mul at i ng sal i v at i ont oapat i entwi t hxer ost omi a.I ndi cat et he dr ug: A.Pi l ocar pi ne* B.Di t hy l i n C.Ar mi ne D.Scopol ami ne E.At r opi ne 17.Adoct orpr escr i bedacecl i di net oamansuf f er i ng f r om dr y ness oft he mout ht hatappear ed af t er r emov aloft onsi l s.Whi chef f ecti snotchar act er i st i c f ort hi sagent ? A.I ncr ease t he br onchismoot h muscl es t oni ci t y B.My dr i asi s* CSpasm ofaccommodat i on D.Br ady car di a E.Hy per sal i v at i on 18.I nt r oduct i onofaphar maceut i calsubst ancet oan exper i ment al ani mal r esul t ed i n r educt i on of sal i v at i on, pupi l my dr i asi s. Next i nt r av enous i nt r oduct i on of acet y l chol i ne di dn’ tl ead t o any si gni f i cant changes of hear tr at e. Name t hi s subst ance: A.Pr oser i ne B.Adr enal i ne C.Pr opr anol ol D.At r opi ne* E.Sal but amol 19. Mchol i nobl ocker s ar e wi del y used. Whi ch condi t i oni scont r ai ndi cat edf ort hei radmi ni st r at i on? A.At r i ov ent r i cul arbl ockade B.At onyofi nt est i ne* C.Br onchi al ast hma D.Li v erandr enal col i c E.Gast r i cul cer 20.Apat i enthasbeengi v enat r opi nesul f at ef orr api d r el i efofspast i ccol onsy mpt oms.Theuseoft hi s dr ugi scont r ai ndi cat eddur i ngt hef ol l owi ngdi sease: 2016 A.Hy pot ensi on B.Gl aucoma* C.Br ady car di a D.Br onchi al ast hma E.Gast r i cul cer 21.AM1chol i nobl ockerhasbeenadmi ni st er edt oa pat i entf ort he t r eat mentofgast r i c pept i c ul cer . I ndi cat et hi sagent : A.Pi r enzepi ne* B.Scopol ami ne C.I pr at r opi um br omi de D.Met haci n E.Pl at y phy l l i n 22.Awomanaskedt oadr ugst or emant osel lan ey edr opsAt r opi ne,butt hel astoner ef usedbecause At r opi nei scont r ai ndi cat edatgl aucoma.Why ? A.Di l at espupi l s B.I ncr easesi nt r aocul arpr essur e* C.Causespar al y si sofaccommodat i on( cycl opl egi a) D.Nar r owsv i ewf i el d E.Causesmy opi a 23.Af t erut i l i z at i onofopht hal mi cdr opspat i entwi t h gl aucomahasmi osi s,my opi a,anddr opofi nt r aocul ar pr essur e.Whi chphar macol ogi cgr oupcancausesuch ef f ect s? A.Mchol i nomi met i cs* B.Mchol i nobl ocker s C.Nchol i nomi met i cs D.Gangl i obl ocker s E.al phaadr enobl ocker s 25.At r opi nei susedasanant i dot et ot r eatpoi soni ng 11 wi t h f l y agar i c. Whi ch mechani sm i nher ent t o at r opi ne l eads t o mushr oom t oxi n muscar i ne neut r al i zat i on? A.Enzy mat i c B.Phy si cal chemi cal C.Ant i enzy mat i c D.Met abol i c E.Recept or * 26.Choose t he agentused i n opht hal mol ogy t o exami net hef undusofey e: A.At r opi nesul phat e* B.Pr oser i ne C.Met haci n D.Pi l ocar pi ne E.I pr at r opi um br omi de 28.A pat i entwi t hdr ugi nt oxi cat i onpr esent edwi t h t hedr y nessofor almucousmembr aneandmy dr i at i c pupi l s.Suchact i onoft hi sdr ugi sassoci at edwi t ht he f ol l owi ngef f ect : A.Adr enor ecept orbl ock B.Muscar i ni cchol i nor ecept orst i mul at i on C.Adr enor ecept orst i mul at i on D.Muscar i ni cchol i nor ecept orbl ock* E.Ni cot i ni cchol i nor ecept orst i mul at i on r es t or ed.Whi c henz y medef i c i tpr ol ongst heac t i onof t hi smy or el ax ant ? A.Succi nat edehy dr ogenase + + B.KNaadenosi net r i phosphat ase C.Car boni canhy dr ase D.Pseudochol i nest er ase* E.Nacet y l t r ansf er ase 5.Apat i entwi t hf r act ur eofl owerj aw wasadmi t t ed t oamaxi l l of aci aldepar t ment .Af t erI Vi nt r oduct i onof my or el axantt her ear osef i br i l l arcont r act i onsoft he pat i ent ’ sf aci almuscl es. Whi ch my or el axant was admi ni st er ed? A.Di azepam B.Tubocur ar i nchl or i de C.Pi pecur oni um br omi de D.Di t hy l i n* E.Mel l i ct i n 6.Dur i ngsur gi caloper at i onwi t hadmi ni st r at i onofa my or el axant( neur omuscul arbl ocker ) ,adi st ur bance ofbr eat hi ngdev el oped.Admi ni st r at i onofpr oser i ne ( neost i gmi ne)hasi mpr ov edpat i ent ’ scondi t i on.What i st henameoft hi st y peofdr ugi nt er act i on? A.I ncompat i bi l i t y B.Ant agoni sm * C.Tachy phy l axi s D.Sy ner gi sm E.Cumul at i on 7.Dur i ng an oper at i on a pat i entgoti nj ect i on of muscl e r el axant di t hyl i num ( succi nyl chol i ne) . Rel axat i on ofskel et almuscl es and i nhi bi t i on of r espi r at i onl ast ed2hour s.Thi scondi t i onwascaused byabsenceoft hef ol l owi ngenzy mei nbl oodpl asma 2012 : A.But y r y l chol i neest er ase* B.Acet y l chol i neest er ase C.Gl ucose6phosphat ase D.Cat al ase E.Gl ut at hi oneper oxi de 8.Dur i ngsur gi caloper at i onapat i enthasdev el oped sy mpt omsofdi t hyl i n( succi nyl chol i ne)over dosage. Whatt r eat menti snecessar yt opr ov i det ot hepat i ent ? A.Admi ni st r at i onofant i chol i nest er ases B.Admi ni st r at i onofMchol i nobl ocker s C.Admi ni st r at i onofgangl i obl ocker s D.Bl oodt r ansf usi on* E.Admi ni st r at i onofNchol i nobl ocker s 9.A63y . o.pat i enthasgotani nj ect i onofpent ami ne f orhy per t ensi v ecr i si s.Whati si t sact i onmechani sm? A.St i mul at i onofMchol i nor ecept or s B.I nhi bi t i onofMchol i nor ecept or s C.I nhi bi t i onofM, Nchol i nor ecept or s D.St i mul at i onofNchol i nor ecept or s E.I nhi bi t i onofNchol i nor ecept or s* 10. The gangl i obl oc k er Benz ohexoni um has been admi ni s t er edt oapat i entwi t hhy per t ens i v ec r i s es . Whi c h ef f ec t s shoul d doct orbe wor r i ed aboutaf t ert he dr ug’ si nj ect i on? A.Suppr essi onofr espi r at i on B.Di ar r hea C.Reboundsy ndr ome D.I nf r i ngementoft ast esensat i on E.Or t host at i c( post ur al )hy pot ensi on* 29.A manwasi nt oxi cat edwi t hmushr ooms.They cont ai n muscar i ne t hat st i mul at es muscar i ni c chol i nor ecept or s. What sy mpt oms si gnal i ze i nt oxi cat i onwi t hi nedi bl emushr ooms?2012 A.Ri seofar t er i al pr essur e B.Br onchi di l at i on C.I ncr easedhear tr at e D.My dr i at i cpupi l s* E.My ot i cpupi l s* 3. 1. 3.NChol i ner gi cAgent s 1.Sel ectt hemostappr opr i at edr ugt ot r eatt he poi soni ngwi t hdepol ar i zi ngmyor el axant : A.Di t hy l i n B.Neost i gmi ne CFr eshbl oodt r ansf usi on* DScopol ami ne E.I pr at r opi um br omi de 2.Ni cot i ni cr ecept or sar eseeni n: A.Skel et al muscl e* B.Vi scer al smoot hmuscl e C.Car di acmuscl e D.Sal i v ar ygl ands E.Adi posecel l 3.A pat i entwi t h a hi s t or y ofas t hma ex per i enc es s i gni f i c antbr onc hos pas m andur t i c ar i a, andhi s t ami nei s amai nmedi at ori nt hes er es pons es .Whi c hdr ugmay pos eex t r ar i s kf ort hi spat i ent–notbec aus ei thasany br onc hoc ons t r i c t oref f ec t si ni t sownr i ght , butbec aus ei t r el eas eshi s t ami nef r ommas tc el l s ? A.At r opi ne B.Neost i gmi nesul f at e C.Pr opr anol ol D.Pancur oni um E.dTubocur ar i ne* 4.Di t hy l i n( Li st enone)hasbeeni nt r oduc edt oapat i ent bef or eanoper at i on.Af t ert heendofoper at i onand c es s at i onofanaes t hes i at hei ndi v i dual r es pi r at i onwas n’ t 12 11. Cur ar el i k emy or el ax ant sar eus edf ordec r eas i ngand c es s at i onofi mpul s et r ans mi s s i onf r om ner v eendi ngt o mus c ul arf i ber .Whati st hemec hani s m ofac t i onoft hi s gr oup? A. Bl ockade Nchol i nor ecept or s of post sy napt i c membr aneofneur omuscul arj unct i on B.I nhi bi t i onofacet y l chol i nest er ase C.I nhi bi t i onofNa+/K+pump D. Reduct i on of neur ot r ansmi t t er r el ease i nt o sy napt i ccl ef t E.Bl ockade ofCa2+ i nwar dt hr ough pr esy napt i c car di omy ocy t es D.Di r ecti nf l uenceupont hecel l wal l E, St i mul at i onofsy mpat het i cgangl i ons* 18.I ndi cat et hemai nf eat ur eofl obel i neact i on: A.I tst i mul at esdi r ect l yt her espi r at or ycent er B.I tcausest her el axat i onofbr onchi alsmoot h muscl es C.I ti sef f ect i v eaf t erper or al i nt r oduct i on D.I tact sbyr ef l exwayst i mul at i ngt her ecept or s ofcar ot i dzone* E.I tst i mul at est her espi r at or ymuscl es 19.I ndi cat et hedr ugwhi chexci t esbot hM-andNchol i nor ecept or s: A.Acet y l chol i ne* B.Pent ami ne C.Di t hy l i n D.Lobel i ne E.Tubocur ar i ne 20.I ndi cat et hecl i ni cal usesf orbenzohexoni um: A.I nt est i nal at ony B.Vascul arhy pot ensi on C.My ast heni agr av i s D.Hy per t ensi v ecr i si s* E.Respi r at or yar r est membr ane 12.A y oung man hasbr oken hi sl eg i n a ski i ng acci dent ,causi ng sev er e muscul ar spasm t hat necessi t at ed r el axat i on of t he muscl e wi t h a compet i t i v eNr ecept orant agoni stbef or et hef r act ur e coul dbeset .Att heendoft heor t hopedi cpr ocedur e, t hedoct orr est or edneur omuscul art r ansmi ssi onby admi ni st er i ng: A.Phy sost i gmi ne( Eser i ne) B.Neost i gmi ne( Pr oser i ne) * C.Gal ant ami ne D.Car bachol i ne( Car bachol ) E.Ar mi ne 13. A pat i ent wi t h a l i mb f r act ur e must be admi ni st er edadepol ar i zi ngdr ugf r om t hegr oupof myor el axant sf ort hepur poseofashor t t i mesur ger y . Whatdr ugi si t ? A.At r opi nesul f at e B.Di t hy l i n* C.Tubocur ar i nechl or i de D.Cy t i t on E.Pent ami ne 14.Theef f ect soft ubocur ar i necanbeant agoni zed by : A.Pi l ocar pi ne B.Acecl i di ne C.Cy t i t on D.Neost i gmi ne( Pr oser i ne) * E.Lobel i ne 15.A woman has t o pr oduce t r achea i nt ubat i on. Whi chdr ugshoul dbeadmi ni st er ed? A.At r opi nesul f at e B.Di t hy l i n* C.Pr oser i ne D.Cy t i t on E.Pent ami ne 16.I famanhasanat t ackofbr onchospasm i ti s necessar yt or educet heef f ectofv agusonsmoot h muscl esofbr onchi .Whatmembr anecy t or ecept or s 2011 shoul dbebl ockedf ort hi spur pose? A.αadr enor ecept or s B.Mchol i nor ecept or s* C.α-andβ-adr enor ecept or s D.Nchol i nor ecept or s E.β-adr enor ecept or s 21. Whi ch dr ug bel ongs t o t he compet i t i v e ant agoni st sofchol i nor ecept or s? A.Di t hy l i n B.Tubocur ar i ne* C.Lobel i ne D.Cy t i t on E.Ni cot i ne 22.I ndi cat et hemechani sm ofdi t hyl i nact i on A.I tbr eaksneur omuscul art r ansmi ssi onduet o st abl e depol ar i zat i on of post sy napt i c membr anesoft heskel et al muscl es* B.I tst i mul at esMchol i nor ecept or s C.I tbl ocksMchol i nor ecept or s D.I tcompet i t i v el ybl ockst heN-chol i nor ecept or s E.I tdi r ect l yact suponmy of i br i l s 23.I ndi cat et hesi deef f ectofgangl i onbl ocker s: A.I ncr easeofbl oodpr essur e B.I nt est i nal at onyandconst i pat i on* C.Sal i v at i on D.I r r i t at i ng i nf l uence on t he gast r i c mucous membr ane E.Di ar r hea 24.Cur ar i f or m subst ancesi nt r oducedi nt oahuman bodycauset her el axat i onofal lskel et almuscl es. Whatchangesi nt heneur omuscul arsy napsedoes t hi sef f ectcause?2013 A.Depol ar i zat i onoft hepost sy napt i cmembr ane B.I mpai r edacet y l chol i ner el ease C.Bl ockade ofCa2+ channel s oft he pr esy napt i c membr ane D. Bl ockade of Nchol i ner gi c r ecept or s of t he sy napt i cmembr ane* E.I mpai r edchol i nest er asesy nt hesi s 25.Whi ch dr ug can be used t o decr ease bl ood pr essur e? A.Cy t i t on 17.Whati st hemechani sm oft hei ncr easeofar t er i al pr essur ebyni cot i ne? A.Di r ectst i mul at i onofv ascul aradr enor ecept or s B.St i mul at i onofpar asy mpat het i cgangl i ons C.St i mul at i onofmembr aner ecept or sof 13 B.Tubocur ar i ne C.Lobel i ne D.At r opi ne E.Pent ami ne* C.St r ophant hi n D.Adr enal i ne* E.Nor adr enal i ne 6.Anaphy l act i cshockhasdev el oped i n a pat i ent af t er nov ocai n( pr ocai ne) i nj ect i on. What agent suppr esseshi st ami ner el easef r om mustcel l sand el i mi nat esmai nsy mpt omsofanaphy l act i cshock? A.Ket ot i f en B.Cr omol i nnat r i um C.Adr enal i ne* D.Mesat on E.Nor adr enal i ne 7.A 26y . o.pat i enthasbr onchi alast hmaat t acks appear i ng usual l y at ni ght accompany i ng wi t h br ady car di a,spast i ci nt est i ne pai n,and di ar r hea. Whatki ndofagent si st hemostappr opr i at ef ort hi s pat i ent ? A.Mchol i nobl ocker s* B.N-chol i nobl ocker s C.Bet aadr enomi met i cs D.Sy mpat homi met i cs E.Met hy l xant hi nes 8.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngdr ugsst i mul at escent r al pr esy napt i cal pha2r ecept or s? A.Adr enal i nehy dr ochl or i de B.Nor adr enal i nehy dr ot ar t r at e C.Mesat one( Pheny l ephr i ne) D.Cl ophel i ne* E.Doxazosi n 26.A 63y . o.mal epat i entwi t hbl adderat onyhad beenadmi ni st er edamedi cat i onwhi chhehadbeen ar bi t r ar i l yt aki ng at a hi gher dose.The pat i ent dev el oped hy per hy dr at i on, sal i v at i on, di ar r hea, muscl espasms. Theadmi ni st er eddr ugr el at est ot hef ol l owi nggr oup: 2016 A.Adr ener gi cbl ocker s B.Chol i nest er aser eact i v at or s C.Gangl i oni cbl ocker s D.Tocol y t i cs E.Chol i nomi met i cs 3. 2.Adr ener gi cAgent s 3. 2. 1.Adr enomi met i cs 1. Di ast ol i c pr essur e i s i ncr eased af t er t he admi ni st r at i onofwhi choneoft hef ol l owi ngdr ugs? A.Nor adr enal i ne B.Sal but amol C.I sadr i ne D.Or ci pr enal i ne( Al upent ) E.Ter but al i ne 2.Sy st ol i cpr essur ei si ncr easedaf t ert hei nj ect i onof whi choff ol l owi ngdr ugs? A.Nadol ol B.Dopami ne* C.Reser pi ne D.Or ni d E.Met opr ol ol 3.Dopami ne causes al lbutone oft he f ol l owi ng act i ons? A.I nhi bi t i ngi nf l uenceont hemot oneur onsof t hespi nal chor d B.Di l at esr enal v ascul at ur e C.I ncr easesBP D.I ncr easespr oduct i onofur i ne E.Decr easescar di acout put * 4.Al l oft hef ol l owi ngst at ement sar et r ueEXCEPT: A.Amongt hephy si ol ogi cr esponsescausedbyal pha r ecept or st i mul at i on ar e v asoconst r i ct i on, my dr i asi s, anddecr easedgast r oi nt est i nal mot i l i t y . B.Amongt hephy si ol ogi cr esponsescausedbybet ar ecept or st i mul at i on ar ev asodi l at i on,car di ac st i mul at i on, andbr onchi al r el axat i on. C.Nor adr enal i nehasast r ongeraf f i ni t yf oral phar ecept or scompar edt obet ar ecept or s. D.Admi ni st r at i onofat r opi nepr i ort onor adr enal i ne l eads t o an i ncr ease i n hear tr at e af t er nor adr enal i neadmi ni st r at i on. E.Dobut ami nei sapot entv asoconst r i ct or * 5.A doct ordi agnosed hy pogl ycemi c coma i na pat i ent wi t h di abet es mel l i t us and admi ni st er ed gl ucose sol ut i on I V.Pat i ent ’ s condi t i on i mpr ov ed. Whi chdr ugcanbeusedaddi t i onal l yasachemi cal ant agoni stofi nsul i n? A.Dopami ne B.Mesat on 14 9.Thepat i enthasabr upthy pot ensi on.Whi chdr ug t hat st i mul at es adr ener gi cr ecept or s shoul d be i nt r oducedt onor mal i zebl oodpr essur e? A.Met opr ol ol B.Mesat on( Pheny l ephr i ne) * C.Xy l omet hazol i ne D.Cl ophel i ne E.Doxazosi n 10. A pat i ent has dev el oped br onchospasmi c sy ndr ome.St i mul at or s ofwhi ch r ecept or s wi l lbe phy si ol ogi cal l yr easonabl ef oremer gencyt r eat ment ? A.al pha1adr enor ecept or s B.Dr ecept or s C.M1chol i nocept or s D.al phaandbet aadr enor ecept or s E.bet a2adr enor ecept or s* 11 A 24 y . o.pat i enthasbr onc hi alas t hma.Fort he t r eat mentofas t hmaat t ac kadoc t orhaspr es c r i bed sal but amol . Whati st hemec hani s m ofc ur at i v eac t i onof t heagent ? A.al pha-andbet ar ecept or sst i mul at i on B.bet a2adr enor ecept or sbl ockade C.bet a2adr enor ecept or sst i mul at i on* D.bet a1adr enor ecept or sbl ockade E.bet a1adr enor ecept or sbl ockade R 12.Al pha1r ecept oract i onsar emedi at edt hr ough: A.сAMP B.сGMP C.Ca2+ i ons* D.ADP E.K+Channel s 13.Wi t h exci t at i on of whi ch r ecept or s ar et he f ol l owi ng ef f ect s associ at ed – st i mul at i on oft he hear twor k,i ncr easei ncar di acout putandHR,AV conduct i on accel er at i on, i ncr ease i n hear t aut omat i sm? A.M1-chol i nor ecept or s B.M2-chol i nor ecept or s C.bet a1--adr enor ecept or s* D.bet a2-adr enor ecept or s E.al pha1--adr enor ecept or s 14.Wi t h exci t at i on of whi ch r ecept or s ar et he f ol l owi ng ef f ect s associ at ed – di l at i on ofbl ood v essel s, decr easeoft oni ci t yoft hebr onchi al muscl es andmy omet r i um, st i mul at i onofgl y cogenol y si s? A.al pha1-adr enor ecept or s B.al pha2-adr enor ecept or s C.bet a1-adr enor ecept or s D.bet a2-adr enor ecept or s* E.bet a3-adr enor ecept or s 15.Anambul ancewascal l edf ora22y . o.pat i ent wi t h st at us ast hmat i cs.Whatr out e ofadr enal i ne admi ni st r at i onwi l lbet hemostappr opr i at ei nt hi s case?R A.I nt r av enous* B.I nhal at i on C.Subcut aneous D.Subl i ngual E.I nt r amuscul ar 16.I ndi cat et he br onchol y t i c agentwhi ch act i on mechani sm i ssel ect i v est i mul at i onofbr onchi al2adr enor ecept or s: A.At r opi ne B.Fenot er ol * C.Ami nophy l l i ne( Euphyl l i ne) D.I sadr i ne E.Adr enal i ne 17.A 63 y . o.man wi t h col l apse sy mpt oms was admi t t edt ot heemer gencyhospi t al .Aphy si ci anhas chosennor adr enal i nagai nsthy pot ensi on.Whati si t s mechani sm ofact i on?2012 A.Act i v at i onofal pha1adr enor ecept or s* B.Act i v at i onofser ot oni nr ecept or s C.Act i v at i onofdopami ner ecept or s D.Bl ockofMchol i nor ecept or s E.Act i v at i onofbet aadr enor ecept or s 18.Apat i enti l lwi t hbr onchi alast hmadi dn’ ti nf or m hi sdoct ort hathehadat t acksofst enocar di a.Doct or admi ni st er edhi m amedi cat i on, whi cht aki ngr esul t ed i nl ess f r equentat t acks ofbr onchi alast hma,but st enocar di a at t acks became mor ef r equent .What medi cat i onwasadmi ni st er ed? A.Sal but amol B.Ami nophy l l i ne C.I sadr i n* D.Cr omol i nsodi um E.Phenot her ol 19.Apat i entwi t hbr onchi alast hmahasbeengi v en 0. 5% sol ut i on of i sadr i n ( i sopr ot er enol ) . Br onchospasm wasr emov ed,butt hepat i entst ar t ed t ocompl ai nofapai ni ncar di acar ea.I ti sl i nkedt o st i mul at i onof : A.Acet y l chol i nesy nt hesi s B.al pha1adr enor ecept or s C.bet a1-adr enor ecept or s D.bet a2-adr enor ecept or s E.Mchol i nor ecept or s 20.A 42 y . o.pat i enthas been suf f er i ng f r om br onchi alast hmaandt achy car di af oral ongt i me. Admi ni st er t he opt i mal dr ug f or r emov i ng of br onchospasm: A.Adr enal i ne B.Ephedr i ne C.Or ci pr enal i ne D.I sadr i n E.Sal but amol * 21.Apat i enthasanaphy l ac t i cs hoc k .Nameadr ugof c hoi c e. A.Mesat one( Pheny l ephr i ne) B.Adr enal i ne C.Ephedr i ne D.Nor adr enal i ne E.Fenot er ol 22.Tot hepat i entwi t hanacut er hi ni t i s5% sol ut i on of ephedr i ne has been pr escr i bed.Howev er ,t he pat i enti nst i l l edt hedr ugi nt henoseeach2030mi n. Becauseofdev el opmentt achyphyl axi s,ef f ectoft he dr ug shar pl y decr eased. What mechani sm of under l i esdev el opmentoft hi sphenomenon? A. Depl et i on of medi at or depot i n pr esy napt i c endi ngs* B.Act i v at i onofadr enor ecept or s C.Bl ockadeofadr enor ecept or s D.Mat er i al cumul at i on E.I nduct i onofmi cr osomal enzy mesbyl i v er 23.An opht hal mol ogi stwi t h di agnost i c pur pose ( di l at i onoft hepupi lf orey ebot t om obser v at i on)has used1% Mesat on ( Phenyl ephr ene)sol ut i on.Whi ch mechani sm under l i esmy dr i asi scausedbyt heagent ? A.Act i v at i onofal pha1adr enor ecept or s* B.Act i v at i onofal pha2adr enor ecept or s C.Bl ockadeofbet a1-adr enor ecept or s D.Bl ockadeofal pha1-adr enor ecept or s E.Act i v at i onofMchol i nor ecept or s 24.Chooset hedr ugwi t hf ol l owi ngchar act er i st i cs:a sy nt het i ccat echol ami ne,st i mul at esbot h1-and2adr enor ecept or s,i ncr easescar di accont r act i l i t yand hear tr at e,decr easesdi ast ol i cAPandi nhi bi tl abor act i v i t y . I t i s phar macol ogi cal ant agoni st of pr opr anol ol . A.Sal but amol B.Pi l ocar pi ne C.I pr at r opi um br omi de D.Acecl i di ne E.I sadr i ne* 25.Apat i enthasmar keddr oppi ngofbl oodpr essur e dur i ng sur gi cal oper at i on wi t h hy gr oni um admi ni st r at i on. Repr esent at i v es of whi ch phar macol ogi calgr oupcoul dnor mal i zeBPi ngi v en si t uat i on? A.Nchol i nomi met i cs B.al phaadr enomi met i cs* C.bet a1-adr enobl ocker s D.bet a2-adr enomi met i cs E.Mchol i nomi met i cs 26.Af t ert oot hext r act i onpat i enthasdev el opedl ocal bl eedi ng.Adent i stappl i edspongewi t hamedi ci ne 15 andbl eedi ngsubsi ded.Whatmedi ci nedi dt hedent i st use? A.I sadr i ne B.Sal but amol C.Adr enal i ne* D.Pr azosi n E.Ti mol ol 27.Acut ear t er i alhy pot ensi onhasdev el opedi na pat i entdue t o oct adi ne ( guanet hi di ne)over dose. Whi chagentshoul dbeusedt onor mal i zeAP? A.Ephedr i ne B.Nor adr enal i ne* C.Caf f ei ne D.Cor di ami n( Ni ket hami de) E.Dopami ne 28.Apat i entwi t hchr oni cbr onchi t i shasbeent aki ng wi t hephedr i nef oral ongt i me.Whati st hedr ug’ s act i onmechani sm? A.St i mul at i on ofnor adr enal i ner el eas ei nt os y napt i c c l ef t * B.Bl ockadeofnor adr enal i ner el easei nt osy napt i c cl ef t C.St i mul at i onofal phaadr enor ecept or s D.Bl ockadeofbet aadr enor ecept or s E.Di r ectspasmol y t i cact i on 31.Mesat on ( Phenyl ephr i ne)was i nt r oduced t oa pat i entwi t hcol l apsef orBPcor r ect i on.Whati st he mechani sm ofact i onoft hedr ug? A.Act i v at i onofMchol i nor ecept or s B.Act i v at i onofal pha2adr enor ecept or s C.Bl ockadeofbet a1-adr enor ecept or s D.Bl ockadeofal pha1-adr enor ecept or s E.Act i v at i onofal pha1adr enor ecept or s* B.Act i v at i onofal pha2adr enor ecept or s C.Bl ockadeofal pha1-adr enor ecept or s D.Bl ockadeofbet a1-adr enor ecept or s E.Act i v at i onofbet a2adr enor ecept or s* 34.A12y . o.chi l dhasav i r al i nf ect i oncompl i cat edby obst r uct i v e br onchi t i s. Br onchospasm can be el i mi nat edbyi nhal at i onofadr ugf r om t hef ol l owi ng 2013 phar macol ogi cal gr oup: A.Anal ept i cs B.Mant i chol i ner gi cs C.Nchol i nomi met i cs D.bet a1-adr ener gi cbl ocker s E.bet a2-agoni st s* 35.Apat i entwi t hbr onchi alast hmahadbeent aki ng or al l yanagent ,whi chcausedi nsomni a,headache, i ncr eased AP. What medi ci ne can cause such compl i cat i on? A.Ephedr i ne* B.I sadr i n C.Pr az osi n D.Adr enal i ne E.Dopami ne 36.Apat i entwi t hbr onchi alast hmahasbeengi v en 0. 5% sol ut i on of i sadr i num ( i sopr ot er enol ) . Br onchospasm wasr emov ed,butt hepat i entst ar t ed t ocompl ai nonapai ni ncar di acar ea.Whati st he r eason? A.I nhi bi t i onofacet y l chol i nesy nt hesi s B.Act i v at i onofal pha1adr enor ecept or s C.St i mul at i onofbet a1-adr enor ecept or s D.St i mul at i onbet a2-adr enor ecept or s E.Act i v at i onofMchol i nor ecept or s 37.Ambul ancehasbeen cal l ed t o a 22y . o.man becauseofbr onchi alast hmaat t ack.Whatwayof adr enal i neadmi ni st r at i oni st hemostappr opr i at ei n t hi scase? A.I nt r av enous* B.I nt r amuscul ar C.I nhal at i on D.Subcut aneous E.Subl i ngual 38.A 63y . o.pat i entwi t hcol l apsesy mpt omswas admi t t edt ot heemer gencyhospi t al .Aphy si ci anhas chosen nor adr enal i nf orhy pot ensi on.Whati si t s mechani sm ofact i on? A.Act i v at i onofal pha1-adr enor ecept or s* B.Act i v at i onofser ot oni nr ecept or s C.Act i v at i onofdopami ner ecept or s D.Bl ockofMchol i nor ecept or s E.Act i v at i onofbet a–adr enor ecept or s 32.Col l aps ehasdev el opedi napat i entduet odec r eas e i n per i pher alv es s el st one.Whi c h agents houl d be admi ni s t er ed? A.Met opr ol ol B.Mesat on( Pheny l ephr i ne)* C.Xy l omet hazol i ne D.Pr oser i ne( Neost i gmi ne) E.Pr azosi n 39.Dur i ngl ocalanest het i zat i ont hepat i enthasgone i nt o anaphy l act i c shock. What dr ug must be admi ni st er edt ot hepat i ent ? A.Pr opr anol ol B.At r opi nesul f at e C.Ni t r ogl y cer i ne D.Epi nephr i nehy dr ochl or i de* E.Di az epam 33.Fenot er olwasi nt r oducedt oa32y . o.pr egnant woman wi t h t hr eat ened abor t i on. I ndi cat e i t s mechani smofact i on: A.Act i v at i onofMchol i nor ecept or s 40. 29.I ndi cat et he st at e whi ch r equi r es ephedr i ne i nt r oduct i on: A.Tachy car di a B.I nsomni a C.Caf f ei nepoi soni ng D.Ar t er i al hy pot ensi on* E.Ar t er i al hy per t ensi on 30.A pat i entwi t hobst r uct i v ebr onchi t i shasbeen t aki ng ephedr i ne f ora l ong t i me wi t houtdoct or ’ s cont r ol .Whatsi de ef f ectcan be obser v ed i nt he pat i ent ? A.Apat hy B.Sl eepi ness C.Exci t at i onoft heCNS* D.Br ady car di a E.Hy pot ensi on A. B. 16 C. D.* E. hav emedi at ort y peofact i on,decr easet hest r engt h ofhear tcont r act i onsandHR,i nhi bi taut omat i sm of my ocar di um, i ncr easeper i pher alv ascul arr esi st ance. Thedr ugsar eusedt ot r eatangi napect or i s,car di ac ar r hy t hmi as,ar t er i alhy per t ensi on.Thei rmai n si de ef f ect s ar e br onchospasm, di sor der s of AV conduct i on,i nhi bi t i onofcont r act i l ef unct i onoft he my ocar di um. A.al phaadr enomi met i cks B.al phaadr enobl ocker s C.det a1adr enomi met i cks D.bet a2adr enomi met i cks E.bet aadr enobl ocker s* 40. 3. 2. 2.Adr enobl ocker s 1.A pat i ent 50 y . o.wi t h compl ai nt s of hear t pal pi t at i on,pai ni nt hehear tar ea,headache,v er t i go wasdel i v er edt oahospi t al .Dur i ngt heexami nat i on angi na pect or i s,car di ac ar r hy t hmi a( par oxy smal t achy car di a, at r i um f i br i l l at i on) and ar t er i al hy per t ensi on( 180/ 90mm Hg)wer er ev eal ed.Make t her at i onal choi ceoft hedr ugi nt hi ssi t uat i on. A.Pr opr anol ol ( Anapr i l i ne)* B.Epi nephr i ne C.Ephedr i ne D.Neost i gmi ne E.Reser pi ne 2.A 60 y . o.ast hmat i c man compl ai ns ofsome di f f i cul t yi n« st ar t i ngt our i nat e» .Hehasasl i ght l y enl ar gedpr ost at e.BP160/ 100mm Hg. .Whi choft he f ol l owi ngagent sshoul dbeadmi ni st er ed? A.Phent ol ami ne B.Reser pi ne C.Ephedr i ne D.Doxazosi n* E.Pr opr anol ol 8.Amal epat i entwhohasbeen‘ sur f i ngt heWeb’i n sear ch ofan aphr odi si ac orsome ot heragentt o enhance’ sex ualper f or mance’ di scov er sy ohi mbi ne.He consumest hedr ugi nex cessanddev el opssy mpt oms oft ox i ci t yt hatr equi r ey ouri nt er v ent i on.Youconsul t y ourdr ug r ef er ence and l ear nt haty ohi mbi ne i sa sel ect i v e α2adr ener gi c ant agoni st .Whatwoul dy ou ex pectasar es ponset ot hi sdr ug? A.Tachy car di a B.Br ady car di a C.Reducedcar di acout putf r om r educedl ef t v ent r i cul arcont r act i l i t y D.Hy per t ensi on* E.Br onchoconst r i ct i on 9.Al lt hef ol l owi ngdr ugsar eusedt opi cal l yi nt he t r eat mentofchr oni c wi deangl e gl aucoma.Whi ch oner educesi nt r aocul arpr essur ebydecr easi ngt he f or mat i onoft heaqueoushumor ? A.Ti mol ol * B.Pi l ocar pi ne C.Phy sost i gmi ne D.Neost i gmi ne E.Acecl i di ne 10. A 40 y . o. pat i ent compl ai nt s of i nt ensi v e hear t beat s, sweat i ng, nausea, v i si oni mpai r ment , ar m t r emor ,hy per t ensi on.Fr om hi sanamnesi s:2y ear s ago he was di agnosed wi t h pheochr omocyt oma. Whathy pot ensi v eagentshoul dbeadmi ni st er ed? A.Capt opr i l B.Pr azosi n* C.Dr ot av er i ne D.Ni f edi pi ne E.Pl at y phy l l i n 12.Thedr ugf r om t hegr oupofbet aadr enobl ocker s has been admi ni st er ed t o 47 y . o.pat i entf ort he t r eat mentofi schemi chear tdi sease.Whenar eβadr enobl ocker sabsol ut el ycont r ai ndi cat ed? A.Ar t er i al hy per t ensi on B.Br onchi al ast hma* C.Hy per t r ophi ccar di omy opat hy D.Thy r ot oxi cosi s E.Hi st or yofmy ocar di al i nf ar ct i on 3.A35y . o.mal ewor keri sbr oughtt ot heemer gency r oom.HR150/ mi n,BP180/ 100mm Hg.Whi chdr ug shoul dbeadmi ni st er ed? A.Neost i gmi ne B.Phent ol ami ne C.At r opi ne D.Pr opr anol ol * E.Pr azosi n 4.A 38 y . o.f emal e has t aken unknown dr ug t o decr easehi ghBP.Af t eri t sadmi ni st r at i onsy st ol i c pr essur edecr easedbutt achy car di aappear ed.What dr ughadbeenadmi ni st er ed? A.At enol ol B.Reser pi ne C.Phent ol ami ne* D.Pr opr anol ol E.Pr azosi n 5.A pat i ent wi t h hy per t ensi on i sr egi st er ed at pr ophy l act i c cent er .He has concomi t antdi sease br onchi alast hma.Hei st oadmi ni st erabet abl ocker . Whatdr ugwi l l y ouchoose? A.Ti mol ol B.Met opr ol ol * C.Sal but amol D.Reser pi ne E.Pr opr anol ol ( Anapr i l i ne) 6.Bet abl oc k erwi t ht hel eas tent r yc r os sbl oodbr ai n bar r i er : A.Pr opr anol ol ( Anapr i l i ne) B.Car v edi ol C.Nadol ol * D.Ti mol ol E.Oxpr enol ol 13.A 64y . o.womanwi t ht ox i cgoi t erc ompl ai nsof per manent pal pi t at i on. Whi c h agent s houl d be admi ni s t er ed? A.I sadr i n B.Sal but amol C.Pent ami ne D.Pr opr anol ol ( Anapr i l i ne) * 7.Det er mi net hephar macol ogi cgr oupofdr ugs.They 17 E.Fenot er ol adr enobl ocker s: A.Gl aucoma B.I nt est i nal at ony C.Ar t er i al hy per t ensi on* D.I nt est i nal at ony E.Br onchi al ast hma 14. The pat i ent suf f er i ng f r om i di opat hi c hy per t ensi on had been admi ni st er ed t he compl ex t r eat ment .Lat erhebegant ocompl ai nofpai nsi nt he epi gast r i cr egi on,di ar r hea,hear t bur n.Whi chagent coul dpr ov oket hel i st edadv er seef f ect si nt hepat i ent ? A.bet aAdr enobl ocker s( Anapr i l i ne) B.Gangl i obl ocker s( Pent ami ne) C.Sy mpat hol y t i cs( Reser pi ne) * ) D.aal pha1-adr enobl ocker s( Pr azosi n) E.Spasmol y t i cs( Papaver i ne) 21.I ndi cat et hemechani sm ofact i onofpr azosi n: A. Bl ockade of al pha- and bet aadr enor ecept or s B.Bl ockadeofal phaadr enor ecept or s C.Bl ockadeofal pha1adr enor ecept or s* D. Bl ockade of al pha1- and al pha2adr enor ecept or s E.Bl ockadeofbet a1adr enor ecept or s 15.A pat i entsuf f er i ngf r om hy per t ensi onhadt he accompany i ng di seases:cor onar y hear t di sease, at r i um f i br i l l at i on,chr oni cbr onchi t i s.Thephy si ci an hasdeci dest ouseanagentf r om t hegr oupofadr enobl ocker s.Whi chagentshoul dbeused? A.Ti mol ol B.Anapr i l i ne C.Met opr ol ol * D.Reser pi ne E.Cl ophel i ne( Cl oni di ne) 22.I ndi cat et hemechani sm ofact i onofanapr i l i ne: A.Bl ockadeofal pha1adr enor ecept or s B.Bl ockadeofbet a1adr enor ecept or s C.Bl ockadeofbet a1-andbet a2adr enor ecept or s* D.Bl ockadeofal pha-andbet aadr enor ecept or s E.Bl ockadeofbet a2adr enor ecept or s 23.I ndi cat et hemechani sm ofact i onofmet opr ol ol : A.Bl ockadeofal pha1adr enor ecept or s B.Bl ockadeofbet a1adr enor ecept or s* C. Bl ockade of bet a1- and bet a2adr enor ecept or s D. Bl ockade of al pha- and bet aadr enor ecept or s E.Bl ockadeofbet a2adr enor ecept or s 16.A pat i entwhohadbeensuf f er i ngf r om ar t er i al hy per t ensi on was t r eat ed wi t h an agent whi ch mechani sm ofact i oni sconnect edwi t hexhaust i onof nor epi nephr i necont enti nsy mpat het i cner v eendi ng. I ndi cat et hi sagent : A.Cl ophel i ne( Cl oni di ne) B.Anapr i l i ne C.Pr azosi n D.Met opr ol ol E.Reser pi ne* 24.I ndi cat et hecl i ni cal usef orbet aadr enobl ocker s: A.Ar t er i al hy pot ensi on B.Ar t er i al hy per t ensi on* C.Br onchi al ast hma D.At r i ov ent r i cul arbl ockade E.Obl i t er at i ngendar t er i t i s 17.El ongat i onofPQi nt er v alwasr ev eal edonECG. I ndi cat et hedr ug, whi chcancauset hi sef f ect : A.Pr azosi n B.At enol ol * C.Reser pi ne D.Oct adi ne( Guanet hi di ne) E.Phent ol ami ne 25.I ndi cat et he pr i nci pl e oft he sy mpat hol y t i cs’ act i on: A.Bl ockadeofal phaadr enor ecept or s B.Bl ockadeofexci t at i ont r ansmi ssi onont hel ev elof t headr ener gi cner v eendi ngs* C.Act i v at i on of exci t at i on on t he l ev elof t he adr ener gi cner v eendi ngs D.Bl ockadeofal pha-andbet aadr enor ecept or s E.I nhi bi t i onoft heenzy meswhi chdest r oyadr enal i ne 18.A pat i entsuf f er i ngf r om hy per t ensi onhadt he accompany i ng di seases:cor onar y hear t di sease, at r i um f i br i l l at i on,chr oni cbr onchi t i s.Thephy si ci an hasdeci dest ouseanagentf r om t hegr oupofadr enobl ocker s.Whi chagentshoul dbeused? A.Ti mol ol B.Anapr i l i ne C.Met opr ol ol * D.Reser pi ne E.Cl ophel i ne( Cl oni di ne) 26.I ndi cat et hephar macol ogi cal ef f ect sofr eser pi ne: A.Reduct i oni nt hegast r i cj ui cesecr et i on B.Exci t at i onoft heCNS C.Di ar r hea D.I ncr easei nt hegast r oi nt est i nal mot i l i t y E.Decr easeoft hear t er i al pr essur eand br ady car di a* 27.A 60y . o.mal epat i enthasa9y earhi st or yof di abet es and t akes i nsul i n Semi l ent e f or t he cor r ect i onofhy per gl y cemi a.10day sagohebegan t aki ng anapr i l i ne f orhy per t ensi on.One houraf t er admi ni st r at i on of t he ant i hy per t ensi v e dr ug t he pat i entdev el opedhy pogl y cemi ccoma.Whati st he mechani sm ofhy pogl y cemi ai n caseofanapr i l i ne use?2013 A.Decr easei ngl ucoseabsor pt i on B.I ncr easei nbi oav ai l abi l i t yofi nsul i n 19.A pat i entwhohasbeensuf f er i ngf r om sev er e f or m ofar t er i alhy per t ensi on was di agnosed wi t h pheochr omocy t oma( t umorofadr enalmedul l awhi ch i s accompani ed by i ncr eased sy nt hesi s of epi nephr i ne) .I ndi cat et he dr ug gr oup t ot r eatt he pat i entbef or esur gi cal t r eat ment : A.al phaadr enobl ocker s* B.Al phaadr enomi met i cks C.Gangl i obl ocker s D.Sy mpat homi met i cs E.bet aadr enobl ocker s 20.I ndi cat et hecl i ni calappl i cat i onf oruseofal pha18 Semi l ent e C.I ncr easei ni nsul i nSemi l ent ehal f l i f e D.I nhi bi t i onofgl y cogenol y si s* E.Reduct i onofgl ucagonhal f l i f e 28.Apat i entwi t har t er i al hy per t ens i onhasbeent r e at i ng wi t hr es er pi nef oral ongper i odoft i me. 23week sagohe dev el opeds t omac hac he, hear t bur n, naus ea.I ndi c at et he gr oup ofdr ugs whi c hi s abl et o ant agoni z et hes e s y mpt oms ? A.Mchol i nobl ocker s* B. Ast r i ngentdr ugs C.Ant aci ds D.Pr ot onpumpi nhi bi t or s E.H2hi st ami nobl ocker s B.Act i v at i ngant i t hr ombi nI I I , i nhi bi t i ngt hr ombi n C.Bl oc k i ngpl a t e l e taggr e gat i onbypr e v e nt i ngbr i dgi ng be t we e n gl y copr ot ei n I I b/ I I I a r ecept or s on nei ghbour i ngpl at el et s D.I nhi bi t i ng hepat i cv i t ami n Kdependentcl ot t i ng f act orsy nt hesi s E.Pr ev ent i ngpl at el etaggr egat i onbyi nhi bi t i ng t hr omboxaneA2sy nt hesi s* 5.Aspi r i n causes si gni f i cantbr onchospasm and br onchospasm i n pat i ent s who ar e subsequent l y descr i bedas‘ aspi r i nsensi t i v e’ .Whi chmechani sm i s i nv ol v ed? A.Bl ockedepi nephr i nebi ndi ngt obet a2r ecept or son ai r waysmoot hmuscl ecel l s B.Dr ugmedi at edhy per sensi t i v i t yofH1 r ecept or son ai r waysmoot hmuscl es C.I nhi bi t edsy nt hesi sofendogenousPGst hathav e br onchodi l at oract i v i t y* D. Dr ugmedi at ed hy per sensi t i v i t y of muscar i ni c r ecept or sonai r waysmoot hmuscl ecel l s E.Enhancedf or mat i onofant i bodi esdi r ect edagai nst t hesal i cy l at eonai r waymastcel l s 29.Whi c h dr ug i nt er f er es wi t ht he c y c l oox y genas e pat hwayofpr os t agl andi nss y nt hes i sbynons el ec t i v el y i nhi bi t i ngbot hCOX1andCOX2? A.Mel oxi cam B.Cel ecoxi b C.Par acet amol e D.I ndomet haci n* E.Nal t r exone 3 6Whi chsy mpt om woul dbesuggest i v et hatpl asma l ev el s ofaspi r i n ar e get t i ng t oo hi gh – supr at her apeut i c? A.Const i pat i on B.Cough C.Ti nni t us* D.My opi a E.Hy per t ensi on 7.A pat i entt akesanacut e,massi v eov er doseof aspi r i n, whi ch may be f at al wi t hout pr oper i nt er v ent i on.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngcondi t i onswoul d y ouexpecti nt headv anced( l at e)st agesofaspi r i n? A.Met abol i cal kal osi s B.Respi r at or yal kal osi s C.Respi r at or yal kal osi s+met abol i caci dosi s* D.Hy pot her mi a E.Vent i l at or yst i mul at i on 8.I naddi t i ont opr ov i di ngsy mpt omat i c,suppor t i v e car e,whi choft hef ol l owi ngdr ugswoul dbeahel pf ul adj unctt omanagesev er easpi r i npoi soni ng? A.Acet ami nophen B.Acet y l cy st ei ne C.Di azepam D.Sodi um bi car bonat e* E.Uni t hi ol 9.I naddi t i ont opr ov i di ngsy mpt omat i c,suppor t i v e car e,whi choft hef ol l owi ngdr ugswoul dbeahel pf ul adj unct t o manage sev er e Par acet amol ( Acet ami nophen)poi soni ng? A.Nal oxone B.Acet y l cy st ei ne* C.Di azepam D.Sodi um bi car bonat e E.Uni t hi ol 10.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngcondi t i onsi st hepr i mar y cause of deat h f r om massi v e Par acet amol ( Acet ami nophen)over doses? A.Acut enephr opat hy B.St at usepi l ept i cus 4.TheAgent sAf f ect i ngt heCNS 4. 1Nonopi oi dAnal gesi cs 1.A58y . o.pat i entwi t har t hr i t i scompl ai nsofnausea, di st r essi nepi gast r i um dur i ngt r eat mentwi t haspi r i n. Thedoct orhascancel l edi tandpr escr i bedaNSAI D f r om t he gr oup of sel ect i v e cy cl ooxy genase2 i nhi bi t or s.I ndi cat ei t : A.Anal gi n( Met ami zol e) B.But adi on( Phenyl but azone) C.Tr amadol e D.I ndomet haci n E.Mel oxi cam* 2.Whi c h dr ug i nt er f er es wi t ht he c y c l oox y ge nas e pat hwayofpr os t agl andi nss y nt hes i sbynons el ec t i v el y i nhi bi t i ngbot hCOX1andCOX2? A.Mel oxi cam B.Cel ecoxi b C.Nal oxone D.Di cl of enacnat r i um * E.Nal t r exone 3.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngaspi r i nef f ect si sexpect ed i nusual t her apeut i cdoses? A.I nhi bi t edgr owt hofbact er i at hatcausef ev er asasy mpt om ofi nf ect i on B.I nhi bi t i onofur i caci dsy nt hesi s C. Pr ot ect i on agai nst br onchospasm i n ast hmat i cs D.Ef f i cacygr eat ert hanpar acet amol easant i i nf l ammat or yagent* E.Ef f i cacyl esst hanacet ami nophenf orr el i ev i ng si mpl eheadache 4.Whi ch of t he f ol l owi ng aspi r i n desi r ed ( and somet i mesunwant ed)ef f ect sonbl oodcl ot t i ngi s i nv ol v ed? A.Bl ocki ngpl at el etr ecept or sf orADP 19 C.St at usast hmat i cus D.AVconduct i ondi st ur bances E.Li v erf ai l ur e* * 17.Pai ni nt hebackdev el opedaf t ert hel i f t i ngof heav y l oads, and l umbosacr al r adi cul i t i s was di agnosed.I ti sknownf r om t heanamnesi st hata pat i entwassuf f er i ngf r om ul ceroft heduodenum f or al ongper i odoft i me.Maket her at i onalchoi ceof NSAI D: A.But adi on B.Di cl of enacsodi um C.I ndomet haci n D.Mel oxi cam * E.Aspi r i n How do Met hot r exat e, gol d sal t s, Hydr oxychl or oqui ne ( Pl aqueni l ) , or Peni ci l l ami ne di f f erf r om ‘ t r adi t i onal ’ NSAI DsasDi cl of enacnat r i um orI ndomet haci ni nt hecont extofmanagi ngar t hr i t i c 11. i nf l ammat or ydi sease? A.Act i v at et hei mmunesy st em r esponses B.Ar er emar kabl yf r eef r om ser i oust oxi ci t i es C.Ar e pr i mar yt her api es f orhy per ur i cemi a,gout , gout yar t hr i t i s D.Pr ov i demuchqui ckerr el i efofar t hr i t i ssy mpt oms E.Sl ow st op,possi bl yr ev er se j oi ntpat hol ogy i n r heumat oi dar t hr i t i s* 18.Gum bl eedi ngar osei nt hepat i entaf t erext r act i on oft het oot h.I twasr ev eal edf r om anamnesi st hatt he pat i enti ssuf f er i ng f r om r heumat oi d ar t hr i t i s,and wast r eat edwi t haspi r i n.I ndi cat et her easonofar i sen bl eedi ng: A.Suppr essi onofsy nt hesi sofur i caci d B.Pr omot i onoft hr ombol y si s C.I nhi bi t i onofhaemopoi esi s D.Decr easi ngofbl oodcoagul at i on E.Suppr essi onoft hr omboxanesy nt hesi s* 12.Themai nr easonf orusi ngcel ecoxi b( sel ect i v e COX2i nhi bi t or )r at hert han a nonsel ect i v e COX i nhi bi t or( aspi r i n)i st hatcel ecoxi b: A.Cur esar t hr i t i s, r at hert hanj ustgi v esy mpt om r el i ef B.Ef f ect i v el yi nhi bi t sur i caci dsy nt hesi s C.Hasal owr i skofcar di ot oxi ci t y D.I s associ at ed wi t hal owerr i sk ofgast r i c or duodenal ul cer at i on* E.Hassi gni f i cantf ast eronsetofact i on 19.Ut i l i zat i onofar achi doni caci dv i acy cl ooxygenase pat hway r esul t si nf or mat i on ofsome bi oact i v e subst ances.Namet hem: A.Bi ogeni cami nes B.I nsul i nl i kegr owt hf act or s C.Thy r oxi ne D.Pr ost agl andi ns* E.Somat omedi ns 13.A 46 y . o.pat i enthas been di agnosed wi t h r heumat oi dpol y ar t hr i t i s.Whi chagenti sappr opr i at e f ort hi spat i ent ? A.Di cl of enac( Vol t ar en) B.Aspi r i n* C.But adi on( Pheny l but az one) D.Par acet amol E.Tr amadol e 20.Fort het r eat mentofchr oni cr heumat oi dar t hr i t i s, t hepat i enthast akenamedi ci nef oral ongt i me. Lat eron,weakness,mal ai se and necr ot i c angi na hav edev el oped.Ther ei sadecr easeofgr anul ocy t es i nbl oodanal y si s. Whatdr ugcoul dcausesuchcompl i cat i on? A.Par acet amol B.Aspi r i n C.Pi r oxi cam D.Anal gi n( Met ami zol e)* E.Mel oxi cam 14.A60y . o.pat i entwi t hr heumat oi dpol y ar t hr i t i shas beent aki ngi ndomet haci nf oral ongt i me.Whati st he mechani sm ofact i onoft hi sdr ug? A.Bl ockadeofl i poxy genase B.Bl ockadeofacet y l chol i nest er ase C.Bl ockadeofcy cl ooxy genase* D.Bl ockadephosphodi est er ase E.Bl ockadeofphosphol i pase 15.Achi l dwi t hf ev erwasgi v enadr ugwi t hst r ong ant i py r et i c act i on and no i nf l ammat or yact i v i t y .I t under goes i nact i v at i on t hr ough conj unct i on wi t h gl ut at hi one. At t oxi c doses i t can damage hepat ocy t es. Dur i ng poi soni ng ant i dot es ar e Acet yl cyst ei neandMet hi oni ne.Def i net hi sagent : A.Par acet amol * B.Aspi r i n C.Ni mesul i de D.Cel ecoxi b E.Mel oxi cam 21.A pat i entwi t h gouthas t aken a dr ug,whi ch decr eased a j oi ntpai n.I naf ew day s,nausea, v omi t i ng,di ar r hea,abdomi nalpai n,andedemahav e dev el oped. Whi chdr ughasbeent akenbyt hepat i ent ? A.Par acet amol B.Mel oxi cam C.Cel ecoxi b D.But adi on( Phenyl but azone)* E.Nal t r exone 16.Ataspi r i nover dose,met hodofur i neal kal i zat i on i sused.Thi smet hodi sdi r ect edt o: A.St i mul at e a secr et i on oft he aci di n pr oxi mal t ubul es B.Neut r al i zeaci di nbl ood C.St i mul at er eabsor pt i onoft heaci di nt ubul es D.Suppr ess a secr et i on oft he aci di n pr oxi mal t ubul es E.Suppr essr eabsor pt i onoft heaci di nr enalt ubul es 22. A pat i ent wi t h r heumat oi d ar t hr i t i s was pr escr i bed aNSAI D – Di cl of enacsodi um.Af t era per i odoft i met hepat i entexper i encedaggr av at i onof aconcomi t antdi seaset hatf or cedt owi t hdr aw t he dr ug.Whatconcomi t antdi seasecoul dl eadt ot he dr ug’ swi t hdr awal ? A.Di abet esmel l i t us B.I schaemi chear tdi sease С.Pept i cul cerofast omach* 20 D.Br onchi al ast hma E.Hy per t ensi v edi sease r espi r at or ydi seaseandt emper at ur er i seupt o39oC hascal l edi nadoct or .Thedoct ori nsi st edonher av oi di ngt aki ngpar acet amol ,becausei nt hi sper i od 2016 ofpr egnancyt her ei sar i skofi t s: A.Fet ot oxi ci t y B.Embr y ot oxi ci t y C.Ter at ogeni ci t y* D.Hepat ot oxi ci t y E.Al l er geni ci t y 23.Aspi r i ncausesant i i nf l ammat or yact i oni nr esul t ofdepr essi onoft hecy cl ooxy genaseact i v i t y .Lev elof whatbi ol ogi cal l yact i v esubst ancewi l l dr op? A.Bi ogeni cami nes B.Pr ost agl andi ns* C.I odt hy r oni nes D.Leukot r i enes E.Cat echol ami nes 30.Apat i entwhohadbeent aki ngdi cl of enacsodi um f orar t hr i t i sofmandi bul arj oi ntdev el opedanacut e condi t i onofgast r i cul cer .Suchsi deef f ectoft hi s medi ci ne i s caused byi nhi bi t i on oft he f ol l owi ng 2016 enzy me: A.Phosphodi est er ase B.Li poxy genase C.Cy cl ooxy genase1( COX1) * D.Cy cl ooxy genase2( COX2) E.Monoami neoxi dase 24.A f emal e consul t ed a doct oraboutpai n and l i mi t edmov ement si nt hekneej oi nt s.Whi choft he f ol l owi ngNSAI Dsshoul dbeadmi ni st er edt aki ngi nt o consi der at i ont hatt hepat i enthasahi st or yofchr oni c gast r oduodeni t i s?2011 A.Pr omedol B.But adi on C.Acet y l sal i cy l i caci d D.Di cl of enacsodi um E.Cel ecoxi b* 4. 2Opi oi dAnal gesi csandAnt agoni st s 25.Apat i enthasbeendi agnosedwi t hi nf l uenza.Hi s condi t i on became dr ast i cal l y wor se af t er t aki ng ant i py r et i cdr ugs.Hi sconsci ousnessi sconf used, AP i s80/ 50mm Hg,psi s140/ mi n.Bodyt emper at ur e dr opped down t o 35. 8° C. What compl i cat i on dev el opedi nt hi spat i ent ?2012 A.Hy per t her mi a B.Hy pov ol emi a C.Al kal osi s D.Aci dosi s E.Col l apse* 1.I ndi cat e a sy nt het i c opi oi d anal gesi c,whi ch i ncr easesmy omet r i um cont r act i onandr el axest he neckofut er usandi sadmi ni st er edi nl abour : A.Omnopon B.Pr omedol ( Tr i meper i di ne)* C.Mor phi ne D.Fent any l E.Fenot er ol 2.Aper sonwhowasphy si cal l ydependentonher oi n buy sadr ugi nt hest r eet .Het akesi tandr api dl ygoes i nt owi t hdr awal .Whi choft hef ol l owi ngdr ugsdi dhe t ake? A.Her oi n B.Pent azoci ne* C.Mor phi ne D.Pr omedol ( Tr i meper i di ne) E.Omnopon 26.Apat i entwi t har t hr i t i sandv ar i cosev ei nshas beent ak i ngaNSAI Df oral ongt i me, whi chcaused t hr ombosi sofski nv ei ns.Whi choft hef ol l owi ng dr ugsmi ghthav ecausedt hi scompl i cat i on? A.I ndomet haci n B.I bupr of en C.Cel ecoxi b* D.Pheny l but azone E.Aspi r i n 3.Apat i entwi t hsev er e,acut et r aumapai nr equi r es anal gesi a.Thephy si ci anpr escr i besmor phi ne.Whi ch oft hef ol l owi ngconcomi t antcondi t i onswoul dpose t hegr eat estr i skf r om mor phi ne’ suse? A.Acut epul monar yedema B.Hy per t ensi on C.Cl osedheadi nj ur y* D.Opi oi dabuse E.Recentmy ocar di al i nf ar ct i on 27.Apat i enthasbeenadmi ni st er edanant i i nf l ammat or ydr ugt hatbl ockst heact i v i t yof cy cl ooxy genase.Speci f yt hi sant i i nf l ammat or yagent : 2013 A.Anal gi n B.Al l opur i nol C.Thi ami ne D.Cr eat i ne E.Aspi r i n* 4.Al loft hef ol l owi ngst at ement sconcer ni ngf ent anyl ar ecor r ectexcept : A.I thasl esspot entanal gesi cact i v i t yt hant hat ofmor phi ne* B.I thasshor t erdur at i onofact i ont hant hatof mor phi ne. C.I ti sef f ect i v epar ent er al l y D.I tcausesami l derwi t hdr awal sy ndr omet han mor phi ne. E.I thast hegr eat estact i ononμr ecept or s 28.Apat i entwi t har t hr i t i sandv ar i cosev ei nshas beent aki nganonst er oi dal ant i i nf l ammat or ydr ug f oral ongt i me, whi chcausedt hr ombosi sofski n v ei ns.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngdr ugsmi ghthav e causedt hi scompl i cat i on?2013 A.I ndomet haci n B.I bupr of en C.Aspi r i n D.Cel ecoxi b* E.Pheny l but azone 5.Whi chst at ementaboutpent azoci nei si ncor r ect ? A.I ti sami xedagoni st ant agoni st B.I tmaybeadmi ni st er edPOorpar ent er al l y 29. An 8week pr egnant woman wi t h acut e 21 C.I tpr oducesl esseuphor i at hanmor phi ne D.I ti sof t encombi nedwi t hmor phi nef ormaxi mal anal gesi cef f ect s* E.Hi ghdosesofpent azoci nei ncr easeAP D.I nhi bi t i onofcy cl ooxy genase E.I nhi bi t i onofpr ost agl andi nsy nt hesi s 13.A dr ugabuserwi t hsy mpt omsofov erdosage wi t hnar cot i canal gesi cshasar r i v edatr esusci t at i on uni t . Compl et ed emer gency act i ons appear ed i nef f i ci ent .Whatwast hemostl i kel ycauseofdeat h? A.Renal f ai l ur e B.Li v erf ai l ur e C.Col l apse D.I nhi bi t i onofr espi r at or ycent er* E.Br onchospasm 14.Mor phi neunder goesgl ucur oni dat i oni nt hel i v er . Bi ndi ngoft hedr ugwi t hgl ucur oni caci ddur i ngi t s bi ot r ansf or mat i onwi l l : A.I ncr easei t sphar macody nami cact i v i t y B.I ncr easei t swat ersol ubi l i t y* C.Reducei t swat ersol ubi l i t y D.Notchangei t sphar macody nami cact i v i t y E.I nduceCYP450sy st em 15. The pat i ent was admi ni st er ed a nar cot i c anal gesi c, agoni st ant agoni stofopi oi dr ecept or st hat i sweakert hanmor phi ne.Whati st heagent ? A.Nal t r exone B.Fent any l C.Pent azoci ne* D.Codei nephosphat e E.Nal oxone 6. I n t he post oper at i v e per i od pr omedol was admi ni st er edcont i nuousl yt oapat i ent .Cancel l at i on oft hemedi cat i oncausedheav yment alandsomat i c di sor der s.Whati st hi sphenomenondesi gnat ed? A.Cancel l at i onsy ndr ome B.I di osy ncr asy C.Tachy phy l axi s. D.St eal i ngsy ndr ome E.Abst i nentsy ndr ome* 7. Mor phi nehy dr ochl or i dehasbeengi v ent or educ epai n att r aumat i cs hoc k .I ndi c at et hemec hani s m ofac t i onof t hedr ug: ABl ockofper i pher al sensat i onr ecept or s B.I nhi bi t i onofpr ost agl andi nssy nt hesi s C.Bl ockadeofopi oi dr ecept or s D.St i mul at i onofopi oi dr ecept or s* E.Bl ockadeofadr enor ecept or s 8.I ndi c at et hedr ugs t i mul at i ngt heopi oi dr ec ept or si n t heCNS, whi c hl eadst oi nhi bi t i onoft het r ans mi s s i onof pai ni mpul s es . A.I ndomet haci n B.Bupr enor phi ne* C.Acet y l sal i cy l i caci d D.Anal gi n E.Nal oxone 9. Nal t r exonewasadmi ni st er edt oa23y . o. mant ot r eat her oi nmani a.I ndi cat et hemechani sm ofact i onoft he dr ug: A.St i mul at i onofopi oi dr ecept or s B.Bl ockadeofbenzodi azepi ner ecept or s C.Bl ockadeofadeny l cy cl ase D.Bl ockadeofGABAr ecept or s E.Bl ockadeofopi oi dr ecept or s* 10. Apat i enthass i gnsofac ut epoi s oni ngwi t hmor phi ne: mi os i s ,l os s ofc ons c i ous nes s ,dec r eas ed BP and Chey neSt ok es r es pi r at i on. Admi ni s t er t he phar mac ol ogi c al ant agoni s t : A.Nal or phi ne B.Pr omedol C.Pent azoci ne D.Nal oxone * E.Tr amadol e 11.A dr ug addi c twas admi t t ed t ot he emer genc y depar t menti nc omawi t hs i gnsofpoi s oni ngwi t hopi oi ds . Whatadv er s eef f ec tofmor phi ne cont r i but ed t ot he poi s oni ng? A.Const i pat i on B.Euphor i a C.Reduct i onofdi ur esi s D.Tachy phy l axi s E.Tol er ance* 12.Fent anylhasbeenadmi ni st er edt or educet he pai n atcar di ogeni c shock.Whati st he anal gesi c act i onmechani sm oft hedr ug? A.Bl ockadeofNa+channel s B.St i mul at i onofGABAr ecept or s C.St i mul at i onofopi oi dr ecept or s* 16.A 4y . o.chi l dwasadmi t t edt ot heor t hopedi c depar t ment wi t h shi n f r act ur e t oget her wi t h di spl acement .Bone f r agment sr eposi t i on r equi r es pr el i mi nar y anal gesi a. What dr ug shoul d be admi ni st er ed?2010 A.Mor phi nehy dr ochl or i de B.Pr omedol * C.Panadol D.Anal gi n E.Nal oxone 17.Whyi si tundesi r abl et ousemor phi nei npat i ent s wi t hheadi nj ur y ? A.I tpr ov okescar di acar r hy t hmi as B.I tr educesbl oodpr essur e C.I ncr easesi nt r acr ani al pr essur e D.I tcausesphy si ol ogi cal dependence E.I tsuppr essesr espi r at i on * 18.A30y . o.manhasbeenadmi t t edt ot hehospi t al r ecept i onaf t ercaracci dentwi t hhi pf r act ur e.Hehas decr easedBP,t hr eadl i kepul se,l ocalt ender nessof t hebr okenhi p.Whati snecessar yt oadmi ni st erf or t r aumat i cshockpr ev ent i on? A.Pr omedol B.Nal t r exone C.Fent any l* D.Nal oxone E.Aspi r i n 19.A 65 woman wi t h br eas tc anc erhas r ec ei v ed mor phi nef oral ongt i me.Whatdoesnotbel ongt ot he phar mac ol ogi c al ef f ec t sofmor phi ne? A.Const i pat i on B.I nhi bi t i onofr espi r at or ycent er C.Spasm ofOddi sphi nct er D.Decr easeofr at eofr espi r at i on 22 E.My dr i asi s* C.Mor phi ne * D.Ni mesul i de E.Di cl of enacsodi um 20.Whi chst at ementaboutPent azoci nei si ncor r ect ? A.I ti sami xedagoni st ant agoni st B.I ti sadmi ni st er edor al l yorpar ent er al l y C.I tpr oducesl esseuphor i at hanmor phi ne D.I ti sof t encombi nedwi t hmor phi nef ormaxi mal anal gesi cef f ect s* E.Hi ghdosesofpent azoci nei ncr easeBP 4. 3Neur ol ept i cs, Tr anqui l i zer s, Sedat i v es 1.A 42 y . o.man who hasbeen i nj ur ed i n a car acci denti s br oughtt ot he emer gency r oom.Hi s bl ood al coholl ev elon admi ssi on i s 250 mg/ dL. Hospi t alr ecor ds show a pr i orhospi t al i zat i on f or al coholr el at edsei zur es.Hi swi f econf i r mst hathe hasbeendr i nki ngheav i l yf or3weeks. Whatt r eat mentshoul dbepr ov i dedt ot hepat i ent i fhegoesi nt owi t hdr awal ? A. Di azepam * B. Phenobar bi t al C. Pent obar bi t al D. Di pheni n( Pheny t oi n) E. None 21.Exami nat i on ofa pat i entr ev eal ed ext r emel y my ot i c pupi l s,l abour ed Chai nSt ock’ sr espi r at i on, ur i nar yr et ent i on,sl owi ngdownofHR,l ow BP and enhanced spi nalr ef l exes.Whatagentcaused t he poi soni ng? A.Nar cot i canal gesi cs* B.Nonnar cot i canal gesi cs C.Muscur i ni cr ecept orbl ocker s D.Local anaet het i cs E.Bet aadr enobl ocker s 22.A pat i enthasbeendi agnosedwi t ht r ansmur al my ocar di ali nf ar ct i on.Whatdr ugshoul dbegi v ent o pr ev entcar di ogeni cshock?2012 A.Phent ol ami ne B.Anal gi n C.Pr omedol * D.Oct adi ne E.Reser pi ne 23.Apat i entdi agnosedwi t hmor phi ni sm hasbeen admi t t edt ot henar col ogi caldepar t ment .A doct or not ed a decr ease i n phar macol ogi calact i v i t y of mor phi ne.Repet i t i v euseoft hedr ugmayr esul ti n t ol er ancet oi t sef f ect , andt hi sphenomenoni scal l ed: 2.A17y . o.pat i entc ons ul t edadoc t orabouti ns omni a mani f es t edi nhar df al l i ngas l eept hatl edt of at i gue, weak nes s ,and di f f i c ul t y of l ear ni ng. The c l i ni c al ex ami nat i on r e v eal ed i r r i t abi l i t y ,emot i onali ns t abi l i t y , pul s eandBP al t er at i on.Thedoc t ordet er mi nedt hat i nsomni awasassoci at edwi t hneur osi sl i kest at eand v eget ov ascul ardi st oni a.Choose t he mostr at i onal agentf orcor r ect i onoft hi scondi t i on. A.Dr oper i dol B.Ni t r azepam * C.Ami nazi ne( Chl or pr omazi ne) D.Phenobar bi t al E.Hal oper i dol 2012 A.Cumul at i on B.Al l er gy C.Ant agoni sm D.Addi ct i on* E.Tachy phy l axi s 3. A pat i ent has been t aki ng a mi xt ur e f or neur ast heni a f or a week. He f el t bet t er , but conj unct i v i t i s,r ash,i ner t i a,decr ease of memor y appear ed.He has been di agnosed wi t h br omi sm. Whatshoul dbeadmi ni st er ed? A.Nal oxone B.At r opi ne C.Panangi n D.Sodi um chl or i de* E.Pi l ocar pi ne 24. A pat i ent wi t h ur ol i t hi asi s has unbear abl e spasmodi cpai n.Topr ev entpai nshock,hehasbeen gi v enani nj ect i onofat r opi neal ongwi t hanar cot i c anal gesi chav i ngant i spasmodi cef f ect s.Whatdr ug wasi t ?2013 A.Tr amadol e B.Pr omedol ( Tr i meper i di ne)* C.Mor phi nehy dr ochl or i de D.Et hy l mor phi nehy dr ochl or i de E.Nal or phi ne 4. Choose dr ug combi nat i on pr oduci ng neur ol ept anal gesi a. A.Hal oper i dol +Par acet amol B.Dr oper i dol +Nal oxone C.Di cl of enacnat r i um +Hal oper i dol D.Dr oper i dol +Fent any l ( I nnovar )* E.Ami nazi ne+Ni mesul i de 25.A pat i enti s di agnosed wi t h acut e mor phi ne hy dr ochl or i de i nt oxi cat i on.Admi ni st eran oxi di zi ng 2016 agentf orgast r i cl av age: A.Pot assi um per manganat e* B.Sul f ocamphocai ne( Pr ocai ne+ Sul f ocamphor i caci d) C.Chl or ami ne D.Cer i gel E.Chl or hexi di ne( bi ) gl uconat e 5.A 45 y . o.pat i entdev el oped t he s y mpt oms of par k i ns oni s m dur i ng ps y c hos i s t r eat ment . Whi c h ant i ps y c hot i cdr ughaspr obabl ybeenused? A.Sul pi r i de( Egl oni l ) B.Ti apr i de C.Cl ozapi ne D.Ami nazi ne( Chl or pr omazi ne)* E.Di azepam 26.Due t o sev er e pai n sy ndr ome a pat i entwas pr escr i bedanar cot i canal gesi c.Namet hedr ug: A.Met ami zol e( Anal gi n) B.I ndomet haci n 6.A40y . o.pat i entwasadmi t t edt ot hepsy chi at r i c cl i ni ci nast at eofexci t at i on,aggr essi on,del i r i um. Whatdr ugshoul dbeadmi ni st er edt ot hepat i ent ? 23 A.Reser pi ne B.Ami nazi ne( Chl or pr omazi ne) * C.Di azepam D.Di cl of enacsodi um E.Sodi um oxy but y r at e D.Fl umazeni l * E.Al l oxi m 13.Whi chgr oupofdr ugsi susedasmoodst abi l i zer s i nmani cdepr essi v epsy chosi s? A.Ant i depr essant s B.Sedat i v es C.Neur ol ept i cs D.Tr anqui l i zer s E.Li t hi um sal t s* 14.Whi chdr ugshoul dbeadmi ni st er edt oapat i enti n t hecaseofpoi soni ngwi t hdr oper i dolt ost abi l i zeBP? A.Pl at y phy l l i n B.St r ophant hi n* C.Adr enal i ne D.Mesat on E.Met opr ol ol 15.The maj or i t yofdr ugsf r om t hi sgr oup pr oduc e ex pr es s eds edat i v ehy pnot i candmy or el ax antac t i ont hat i swhyt heydec r eas ec onc ent r at i onandr eac t i ont i meof t hec ur edpat i ent s . Det er mi net hi sgr oup: A.Tr anqui l i zer s* B.Bet aadr enomi met i cs C.Sy mpat homi met i cs D.Sal i cy l at es E.Monoami nooxi dasei nhi bi t or s 16. Ther e i s a necessi t y t o admi ni st er an ant i psy chot i cdr ugt oapat i entwi t hpar ki nsoni sm. Whi chneur ol ept i chast hel eastr i skf ort hepat i ent ? A.Ami nazi ne( Chl or pr omazi ne) B.Dr oper i dol C.Tr i f t azi ne D.Cl ozapi ne( Leponex) * E.Hal oper i dol 17.Ami naz i ne was admi ni s t er ed t o a pat i entwi t h s c hi z ophr eni a. Whi c h phar mac ody nami c ef f ec t of ami naz i nei st hebas i cf ort hi spat i ent ? A.Anxi ol y t i c B.Ant i psy chot i c* C.My or el axant D.Hy pot ensi v e E.Hy pot her mi c 18. A 45 y . o. pat i ent suf f er s f r om neur osi s char act er i zed by i r r i t abi l i t y , sl eepl essness, and mot i v el essanxi et y .Whatdr ugwoul del i mi nat eal lt he sy mpt oms? A.Lev odopa B.Py r acet am C.Val er i anext r act D.Di azepam * E.Caf f ei nesodi um benzoat e 19.Amet hodofgener alhy pot her mi ai snecessar yt o use f orper f or mi ng an oper at i v e measur e.Whi ch agent i n combi nat i on wi t h phy si calcool i ng wi l l pr ov i det heexpr essedhy pot her mi a? A.Sul pi r i de( Egl oni l ) B.Ti apr i de C.Chl or di azepoxi de( Chl ozepi de) D.Li t hi um car bonat e E.Ami nazi ne* 20.I ndi cat e a dr ug wi t h st r ong,qui ck butshor t neur ol ept i cact i on.I tpot ent at esact i onofanal gesi cs, hy pnot i cs,and al cohol ,possesses ant i shock and 7.A pat i ent ,get t i ng t r eat mentf orneur osi s wi t h Di azepam compl ai ns of a t oot hache.A doct or pr escr i bedananal gesi ci nal es sdos et hanav er age t her apeut i c .Whatphenomenon di d doc t ort ak ei nt o c ons i de r at i onwhi l edec r eas i ngt hedos e? A.Summat i on B.Cumul at i on C.Tol er ance D.Addi t i v eef f ect E.Pot ent i at i on* 8 A woman wi t h an act i v el i f est y l e consul t ed a doct orcompl ai ni ngofbadmood, mi gr ai ne, emot i onal l i abi l i t y ,and chestpai n.Whi ch dr ug shoul d be admi ni st er ed t aki ng i nt o accountt hatt he woman spendsal otoft i meatwor k? A.Gi dazepam * B.Phenazepam C.Tr i f t azi ne D.Phenobar bi t al E.Ami nazi ne( Chl or pr omazi ne) 9Apat i entv i si t edadoct orcompl ai ni ngofemot i onal i nst abi l i t y ,f eel i ngofpsy choemot i onalt ensi onand f ear on meet i ng hi s chi ef accompani ed by t achy car di a,hy per emi a oft he f ace,hand t r emor , sweat i ng.Thedoct ordi agnosedv eget at i v eneur osi s. Whi chdr ugshoul dbeadmi ni st er ed? A.Sul pi r i de( Egl oni l ) B.Ti apr i de C.Lor azepam * D.Sodi um br omi de E.Li t hi um car bonat e 10. Ane ur ol ept i cwi t hex pr es s edhy pot ens i v eac t i v i t yhas been admi ni s t er ed t o a pat i ent s uf f er i ng f r om s c hi z ophr eni a ac c ompani ed by ar t er i alhy per t e ns i on. I ndi c at et hi sdr ug: A.Hal oper i dol B.Ri sper i done C.Ami nazi ne( Chl or pr omazi ne)* D.Di azepam E.Tr i f t azi ne 11.At r uckdr i v erconsul t edadoct oraboutemot i onal t ensi on,anxi et y .Thedoct ordi agnosedneur ast heni a. Chooset hedayt i met r anqui l i zerf ort hi spat i ent : A.Phenazepam B.Mezapam * C.Chl ozepi de( chl or di azepoxi de) D.Di azepam E.Lor azepam 12.A26y . o.f emal ehast akennozepam f orneur osi s f oral ongt i me.Onedayshedev el opedweakness, nausea,sl ur r ed speech,di scoor di nat i on,unst eady gai t .Sheconsul t ed adoct orand headmi ni st er ed benzodi azepi neant agoni st .Det er mi net hi sant i dot e: A.I soni t r ozi ne B.Nal t r exone C.Nal oxone 24 ant i emet i cact i on, bel ongst obut y r ophenones: A.Cl ozapi ne B.Dr oper i dol * C.Sul pi r i de D.Ami nazi ne( Chl or pr omazi ne) E.Lor azepam 21.Apat i entaskedadoct orf orhel pt oov er comehi s f earbef or edent almani pul at i on.Whi chdr ugdi dt he doct orr ecommend? A.Sul pi r i de B.Ami nazi ne( Chl or pr omazi ne) C.Dr oper i dol D.Di azepam * E.Li t hi um car bonat e 27.I mpai r mentofmov ementcoor di nat i on,shi v er i ng oft hehandsandsl eepi nessdev el opedi napat i ent suf f er i ngf r om schi zophr eni aandt aki ngpsy chot r opi c dr ugs.I ndi cat et hi sgr oupofdr ugs. A.Neur ol ept i cs* B.Anal gesi cs C.Tr anqui l i zer s D.Ant i depr essant s E.Psy cost i mul ant s 28.I nt r oduct i onofami nazi net oapat i entsuf f er i ng f r om chr oni c al cohol i sm f or el i mi nat i on of aggr essi on and del i r i um, caused l oss of consci ousness.I ndi cat et hepr obabl er easonoft hi s compl i cat i on. A.Or t host at i ccol l apse* B.I nhi bi t i onoft her et i cul arf or mat i on C.Suppr essi onoft hel i mbi csy st em D.I mpai r mentofoxi dat i v epr ocessesi nt hebr ai n t i ssue E.I mpai r mentofcor onar yci r cul at i on 22.Gl ut amat edecar boxy l at i onr esul t si nf or mat i onof i nhi bi t or yt r ansmi t t eri nCNS.Namei t : A.Ser ot oni n B.GABA* C.Gl ut at hi one D.Hi st ami ne E.Aspar agi nes 29.I ndi cat et hedr ug f orel i mi nat i on oft heacut e psy chosi s f r om t he gr oup of der i v at i v es of phenot hi azi ne: A.Ami nazi ne( Chl or pr omazi ne) * B.Dr oper i dol C.Cl ozapi ne D.Sul pi r i de E.Ti apr i de 23.Adoc t orhasadmi ni s t er edanagentI Vt ot hepat i ent wi t hac ut eps y c hos i s ,whi c hac c ompani edbydel i r i um andhal l uc i nat i ons .Sy mpt omsofps y c hos i shav ebeen el i mi nat ed, butwhent hepat i enthasr i s enf r om abed, he bec ame pal e and l os tc ons c i ous nes s .The doc t or di agnos edor t hos t at i c( post ur al )c ol l aps e. Whi c hagenti s mos tl i k el yt oi nv ol v e? A.Reser pi ne B.Ami nazi ne* C.Di azepam D.Dr oper i dol E.Cl ozapi ne 24.A35y . o.pat i entwi t hschi z ophr eni acompl ai nsof di scoor di nat i on of mov ement ,t r emor of hands, dr owsi ness. Thepat i enthasbeent ak i ngapsy chot r opi c agentf oral ongt i me.Whi chgr oupi smostl i k el yt o i nv ol v e? A.Tr anqui l i zer s B.At y pi cal neur ol ept i cs C.Ty pi cal neur ol ept i cs* D.Ant i depr essant s E.Psy chost i mul ant s 25.Lor azepam hasbeenadmi ni st er edt oapat i ent wi t h hy per exci t abi l i t y , i r r i t abi l i t y , t ear f ul ness, sl eepl essness.Whati st hemechani sm i t sact i on? A.Bl ockadeofGABAr ecept or s B.Bl ockadeofbenzodi azepi ner ecept or s C.St i mul at i onofbenzodi azepi ner ecept or s* D.St i mul at i onofGABAr ecept or s E.Bl ockadedopami ner ecept or s 30.Det er mi ne t he gr oup ofdr ugs,whi ch doesn’ t causedr ugdependence. A.Neur ol ept i cs* B.Tr anqui l i zer s C.Bar bi t ur at es D.Opi oi danal gesi cs E.Pheny l al ky l ami nes 31.A doct oradmi ni st er ed ami nazi ne t o apat i ent suf f er i ngf r om schi zophr eni at oel i mi nat edel i r i um, hal l uci nat i ons, t o decr ease aggr essi on and psy chomot orexci t ement .Whati st hemechani sm of ant i psy chot i cact i onofami nazi ne? A.St i mul at i onofMchol i nor ecept or si nt heCNS B.St i mul at i onofopi oi dr ecept or s C.Bl ockadeofD2r ecept or si nt heCNS* D.St i mul at i onofadr ener gi canddopami ner ecept or s i nt heCNS E.I nhi bi t i onofMAO 32.Aneur ol ept i cf r om t hegr oupofbut y r ophenones wasadmi ni st er edt oapat i entwi t hal cohol psy chosi s. Det er mi net hedr ug: A.Ti apr i de B.Chl ozepi de( Chl or di azepoxi de) C.Sul pi r i de D.Hal oper i dol * E.Ami nazi ne( Chl or pr omazi ne) 33.A 32 y . o.woman wi t h compl ai nt soft emper , t i r edness,i nsomni a,i nt er nalt ensi onhasdi agnosed wi t h neur osi s and admi ni st er ed a t r anqui l i zer ( di azepam) .Whi ch ef f ect of t he dr ug i s mor e i mpor t anti nt hi ssi t uat i on? A.Ant i psy chot i c B.Anxi ol y t i c* 26.Hal oper i dolhasbeenadmi ni s t er edf ordel i r i um and hal l uc i nat i on. Whati st hemec hani s mofi t sant i ps y c hot i c ac t i on? A.Bl ockadeofr eupt akeofcat echol ami nes B. St i mul at i on of adr ener gi c and dopami ner gi c pr ocessesi nt heCNS C. I nhi bi t i on of adr ener gi c and dopami ner gi c pr ocessesi nt heCNS* D.Bl ockadeofMchol i nor 5ecept or s E.St i mul at i onofMchol i nor ecept or s 25 C.Ant i conv ul si v e D.My or el axant E.Ant i emet i c 34.A dent i sti nt r oduced di azepam t o a 47 y . o. woman bef or e ext r act i on of t oot h.I ndi cat et he anxi ol y t i cact i onmechani sm oft hedr ug: A.St i mul at i onofopi oi dr ecept or s B.I nhi bi t i on of dopami ne r ecept or s and adr enor ecept or s C. St i mul at i on dopami ne r ecept or s and adr enor ecept or s D.Agoni stofbenzodi azepi ner ecept or s* E.I nhi bi t i onofbenzodi azepi ner ecept or s ofbenzodi azepi ner ow hasbeenusedf oranal gesi a. Whi ch agenthasbeen admi ni st er ed f oranal gesi a 2014 pot ent i at i on? A.Car bamazepi ne B.Tr i f t azi ne C.Dr oper i dol D.Di azepam * E.I mi zi ne 35.A pat i entv i si t ed a doct orwi t h compl ai nt sof i r r i t abi l i t y ,i nsomni a,f at i gue.Adoct oradmi ni st er eda sedat i v edr ugt ohi m.I naweekt hepat i entbegant o compl ai nofcough,sl eepi ness,decr easeofmemor y , sy mpt oms of r hi ni t i s, conj unct i v i t i s, der mat i t i s. Whi chgr oupoft hedr ugswasadmi ni st er edbyt he doct or ? A.Neur ol ept i cs B.Tr anqui l i zer s C.Li t hi um D.Br omi des* E.Nonst er oi dal ant i i nf l ammat or yagent s 3. 4Hy pnot i c, Ant i epi l ept i cDr ugandPhar macol ogi c ManagementofPar ki nsoni sm 1.Whi choneoft hef ol l owi ngst at ement si scor r ect ? A.Ami nazi nei si ndi cat edi nt r eat i ngt henausea B.Vi t ami nB6i ncr easest heef f ect i v enessofl ev odopa C. Admi ni st r at i on of dopami ne i s an ef f ect i v e t r eat mentofPar ki nson΄ sdi sease D.Lev odopai nducednauseai sr educedbycar bi dopa E.Nonspeci f i cMAOi nhi bi t or s, suchasni al ami de,ar e ausef ul adj unctt ol evodopat her apy 2. Whi ch one of t he f ol l owi ng st at ement s i s I NCORRECT? A.Tr eat mentwi t hsel egel i ne( depr enyl )candel ayt he par ki nsoni ansy mpt oms B.Ov er t r eat mentofPar ki nson΄ sdi seasecanr esul ti n t hesy mt omsofpsy chosi s C.Di et sr i chi npr ot ei nmaydecr easet heef f ect sof l ev odopa D. Vi t ami n B6 decr eases t he ef f ect i v eness of l ev odopa E.Par ki nsoni an pat i ent s ar e char act er i zed by a i ncr eased r at i o of dopami ner gi c/ chol i ner gi c act i v i t yi nt heneost r i at um. 36.Whi chef f ecti snotdev el opedaf t erami nazi ne ( chl or pr omazi ne)admi ni st r at i on? A.Ant i emet i cact i on B.Hy pot her mi a C.Ar t er i al hy pot ensi on D.Ant i hi st ami neact i on E.St i mul at i onoft hebr ai ncor t ex* 37.A man dev el ops akat hi si a,a Par ki nsonl i ke sy ndr ome,gal act or r hea,andamenor r headur i ngt he t her apy .Whi ch of t he f ol l owi ng mechani sms i s i nv ol v ed? A.Bl ockadeofM chol i nor ecept or s B.St i mul at i onofdopami ner ecept or s C.Bl ockadeofal phaadr ener gi cr ecept or s D.Bl ockadeofdopami ner ecept or s* E.Bl ockadeofNchol i nor ecept or s 3.A v er yagi t at edy oungmal ewasbr oughtt ot he emer gency r oom by t he pol i ce. Psy chi at r i c exami nat i onr ev eal edt hathehadsnor t edcocai ne sev er alt i mesi nt hepastf ewday s;t hel astt i mewas 12hour sago.Hewasgi v enadr ug,whi chsedat ed hi m,andhef el lasl eep.Thedr ugv er yl i kel yusedt o count ert hi spat i ent ’ sappar entcocai newi t hdr awal was: A.Phenobar bi t al * B.Lor azepam C.Cocai ne D.Di pr azi ne( Pi pol phen) E.Fl uoxet i ne 38.Apat i entwhohasbeent r eat edi naneur alcl i ni c andhasbeent aki ngasedat i v ef oral ongt i megot t hef ol l owi ngcompl i cat i on:cough,r hi ni t i s,epi phor a ( l acr i mat i on) .Whatdr ugcausedt hesedi st ur bances? 2011 A.Sodi um br omi de* B.Phenazepam C.Reser pi ne D.Di azepam E.Val er i an 39.A pat i enthas r ecur r entat t acks ofepi l ept i c sei zur esandst ay sunconsci ousbet weent hem.I n or dert ost opconv ul si onst hedr ugsoft hef ol l owi ng 2013 gr oupshoul dbeusedi nt hef i r stpl ace: A.Sedat i v es B.Neur ol ept i cs C.Muscl er el axant s D.Tr anqui l i zer s* E.Anal ept i cs 40.Anopi oi danal gesi ci ncombi nat i onwi t hanagent 4.Dr ugofchoi cef orpsy chomot orepi l epsyi s: A.Val pr oi caci d B.Car bamazepi ne* C.Et hosuxi mi de D.Bar bi t ur at e E.Di pheni n 5.Whi ch ant i epi l ept i c act s by augment at i on of r el easeofi nhi bi t or yt r ansmi t t erGABAbyi nhi bi t i ngi t s degr adat i on ( by GABAt r ansami nase) as wel las pr obabl ybyi ncr easi ngi t ssy nt hesi s? 26 A.Val pr oi caci d* B.Car bamazepi ne C.Di pheni n( Pheny t oi n) D.Et hosuxi mi de E.Bar bi t ur at es E.Bl ockscent r al chol i nor ecept or s 13.Thedoct orhaspr escr i bedcy cl odolf orPar ki nson di seaset r eat ment .Whati st hemechani sm ofant i par ki nsoni anact i onoft hedr ug? A.M chol i nomi met i cact i on B.M chol i nobl ockeract i on* C.St i mul at i onofdopami ner ecept or s D.Bl ockadeofdopami ner ecept or s E.bet aAdr enobl ockeract i on 6.Whi chant i epi l ept i cact sbypr ol ongat i onofNa+ channel si nact i v at i onaswel l asbyi nhi bi t i ngki ndl i ng? Thedr ugal so hasant i di ur et i cact i on,pr obabl yby enhanci ngADHact i ononr enal t ubul es. A.Car bamazepi ne* B.Phenobar bi t al C.Dr oper i dol D.Val pr oat esodi um E.Et hosuxi mi de 14.A 56 y . o.pat i enthas t aken phenobar bi t ali n connect i onwi t hi nsomni a.Af t eracancel l at i onoft he dr ugt hepat i enthasdi f f i cul t yi nf al l i ngasl eepagai n, f r equent l ywakesupatni ght ;sl eepi saccompani ed bydr eadf uldr eams.Whati st her easonoft hegi v en undesi r abl eef f ectofphenobar bi t al ? A.Dependence B.I di osy ncr asy C.Tachy phy l axi s D.Reboundsy ndr ome* E.Tol er ance 7Whi chant i conv ul santi snotusedi ngener al i zed t oni ccl oni cconv ul si on? A.Phenobar bi t al B.Et hosuxi mi de* C.Di pheni n D.Di azepam E.Sodi um oxy but y r at e 15.A pat i entdef i ed hi sdoct or ’ si nst r uct i onsand cont i nued t o use phenobar bi t al over 3 weeks. Meanwhi l e,he was f or ced t oi ncr ease t he dr ug’ s dose.Howt oexpl ai nf al l i ngofphenobar bi t alef f i cacy ? A.Act i v at i onofl i pol y si s B.I nhi bi t i onofmonooxy genasesy st emsoft hel i v er C.I nduct i onofmonooxy genasesy st emsoft hel i v er* D.I nhi bi t i onofl i pol y si s E.I nduct i onofgl y col y si s 8.Al l ar eusedi nt het r eat mentofepi l epsyexcept : A.Et hosuxi mi de B.Reser pi ne* C.Lamot r i gi ne D.Di azepam E.Sodi um oxy but y r at e 9.Dr ug,whi chdecr easesexci t i ngneur ot r ansmi t t er ami noaci ds( gl ut amat e, aspar t at e)l ev el i nbr ai n: A.Di azepam B.Phenobar bi t al C. Sodi um v al pr oat e D.Car bamazepi ne E.Lamot r i gi ne* 16. A 56 y . o. man wi t h i nsomni a was gi v en phenobar bi t al .Thesl eepwasnor mal i zed.Howev er , af t er2weekst heef f ectofPhenobar bi t alf el ldown. Whatr easoncauseddecr easi ngofhy pnot i cact i onof phenobar bi t al ? A.I t spoorsol ubi l i t y B.Tol er ancedev el opment * C.I t spoorabsor pt i oni nt hest omach D.I t sf i xat i oni nl i pi ds E.Tachy phy l axi sdev el opment 10.A maj orpr obl em t hatmustbe f aced when admi ni st er i ng ant i conv ul sant s wi t h many ot her medi cat i ons ( i ncl udi ng ot her ant i epi l ept i c dr ugs) i nv ol v esdr ugi nt er act i onsduet oal t er edmet abol i sm. Whi ch oft he f ol l owi ng dr ugs i sl i kel yt o cause excessi v eort oxi cef f ect sf r om someot herdr ugsby i nhi bi t i ngmet abol i sm? A.Et hosuxi mi de B.Car bamazepi ne C.Phenobar bi t al D.Pheny t oi n E.Val pr oi caci d* 17.A pat i entwi t h epi l epsywas r ecommended a medi ci neknown asa pr opy l v al er i caci d der i v at i v e t hati nhi bi t sGABAt r ansf er aseandi ncr easesGABA l ev eli nt he br ai n;i nhi bi t s exci t abi l i t yand sei zur e capabi l i t yofmot orzoneoft heCNS.I tcanbeused R f oral l t y pesofepi l epsy .Namet hi smedi ci ne: A.Reser pi ne B.Di azepam ( Seduxen) C.Di pheni n D.Sodi um br omi de E.Sodi um v al pr oat e* 16.Admi ni s t ert oapat i entwi t hi ns omni aamoder n hy pnot i c .I ti sani mi daz opy r i di neder i v at i v e ;ac t i v at es benz odi az epi ner ec ept or si nt heCNS;doesnotal t er ei t hers l eeps t r uc t ur eorac t i v i t yofl i v erenz y mes ,does notc aus edependenc e: A.Phenobar bi t al B.Ni t r azepam C.Zol pi dem * D.Chl or al hy dr at e E.Fl umazeni l 11.Det er mi ne t he hy pnot i c dr ug,whi ch doesn’ t i nf l uencet hest r uct ur eofsl eep: A.Bar bi t al B.Phenobar bi t al C.Ni t r azepam * D.Thi opent al sodi um ( Aet hami nal umnat r um) E.Secobar bi t al 12.A pat i enthas been admi ni st er ed l evodopa i n compl ex t her apy of Par ki nson di sease. What changest hi sdr ugpr oducesi nt heCNS? A.Enhancesdopami nemedi at i on* B.Decr easesdopami nemedi at i on C.St i mul at esdopami ner ecept or s D.Bl ocksdopami ner ecept or s 27 17.Anat t ac kofgener al i z edt oni c c l oni cc onv ul s i ons ac c ompani ed byl os sofc ons c i ous nes sand gener al s uppr es s i onoft heCNSdev el opedi napat i entaf t er t r auma.Whi c hagents houl dbeadmi ni s t er edt ot hi s pat i e nt ? A.Et hosuxemi de B.Car bamazepi ne C.Phenobar bi t al D.Sodi um oxy but y r at e* E.Tr i met hi ne( Tr i met hadi one) 18. Sy mpt oms of poi soni ng wi t h der i v at i v e of bar bi t ur i caci dar er ev eal edi napat i ent .Whatdr ug can i ncr ease excr et i on ofbar bi t ur at es f r om t he or gani sm? A.Nat r i um chl or i de B.Sodi um hy dr ocar bonat e* C.Pot assi um chl or i de D.Magnesi um oxi de E.Magnesi um sul f at e 19.Whatphenomena may be dev el oped i nl ong t aki ngofbar bi t ur at es? A.Dr ugt ol er ance* B.Dr ugdependence C.Ext r apy r ami dal sy ndr ome D.Sensi bi l i zat i on E.I nhi bi t i onofenzy mesofl i v er 20.A pat i ent has consul t ed t he dent i st about hy per t r ophyandpai ni nt hegumsandhy perpl ast i c gi ngi v i t i s was di agnosed.I thas been est abl i shed f r om t heanamnesi s,t hatt hepat i enthast akenan ant i epi l ept i cagentf oral ongt i me.Speci f yt hi sdr ug: A.Phenobar bi t al B.Hexami di ne C.Di pheni n( Phenyt oi n)* D.Car bamazepi ne E.Tr i met hi ne( Tr i met hadi one) 21.Apat i entwi t hcr ani ocer ebr ali nj ur yhasgotbr ai n edemaandhy poxi ccr amps.Whatagentshoul dbe admi ni st er ed? A.Cor di ami n B.Anapr i l i ne( Pr opr anol ol ) C.Bemegr i de D.Sodi um oxy but i r at e* E.Pi r acet am 22.A57y . o.mani nacomahasbeendel i v er edt o hospi t al .I ti sknown f r om hi sanamnesi st hathe suf f er edf r om i nsomni a.Ati nspect i ont hef ol l owi ng i s r ev eal ed: r espi r at or y depr essi on, f al l en BP, o pr ogr essi ngcar di acweakness,decr easeofbodyt , i nhi bi t i onoft endonr ef l exes.Whatdr ugcoul dcause poi soni ng? A.Fl uoxet i ne B.Phenobar bi t al * C.Ti nct ur eofVal er i an D.Lev odopa E.Sodi um br omi de 23.A hy pnot i cdr ug wi t ht r anqui l l i zi ng ef f ectwas pr escr i bedt oapat i entwhosuf f er sf r om i nsomni a causedbyemot i onaldi sor der .Whathy pnot i cwas pr escr i bed?2010 A.Thi opent al sodi um B.Phenobar bi t al C.Ni t r azepam* D.Ami nazi ne( Chl or pr omazi ne) E.Sodi um br omi de 24.Di pheni n( Phenyt oi n)hasbeenadmi ni st er edt oa pat i entf orepi l epsywi t ht oni ccl oni cat t acks.Whati s t heact i onmechani sm oft hedr ug? A.Act i v at i onofGABAsy st em B.Bl ockadeofCa2+channel s C.St i mul at i onofdopami ner ecept or s D.Bl ockadeofdopami ner ecept or s E.Bl ockadeofNa+channel s* 25. A pat i ent s uf f er s f r om Par ki nson’ s di sease ac c ompani edwi t hmus c l er i gi di t y ,c ons t r ai nedmot i ons , andc ons t antt r emorofar ms .Whatdr ugs houl dbe admi ni s t er ed? A.Phenobar bi t al B.Lev odopa* C.Di azepam D.Di pheni n E.Et hosuxi mi de 26.Apat i entsuf f er i ngwi t hpar ki nsoni sm hasbeen t aki ng f or a l ong t i me t he agent wi t h cent r al chol i nol y t i cact i onmechani sm whi chef f i ci encyhas gr adual l ydecr eased.I ndi cat edr ugwhi chshoul dbe admi ni st er edi nst eadofusedone? A.Cy cl odol ( Tr i hexypheni dyl ) B.Lev odopa* C.My docal m( Tol per i zon) D.Tr opaci n( Di phenyl t r opi n) E.Bel l at ami nal 27.A76y . o.pat i enthasappeal edt ot hedoct orwi t h compl ai nt sofsuper f i ci alshor t t er m sl eepwi t hof t en awakeni ngs caused by sense ofi nt er nalt ensi on, anxi et y ,f ear .Seni l esl eepl essnesswasdi agnosed. Makear at i onalchoi ceofahy pnot i ci nt hegi v en si t uat i on: A.Phenobar bi t al B.Chl or al hy dr at e C.Ni t r azepam* D.Lamot r i gi ne E.Car bamazepi ne 28.Apat i entwi t hconv ul si onswasadmi t t edt ot he hospi t alwher e st at us epi l ept i cus was di agnosed. I ndi cat et hef i r stchoi cedr ugt ot r eatt hepat i ent : A.Car bamazepi ne B.Di azepam * C.Phenobar bi t al D.Lev odopa E.Chl or al hy dr at e 29.I ndi cat et hechar act erofchangesi nt hest r uct ur e ofsl eepundert heact i onoft hehy pnot i cagent sf r om t hegr oupofbar bi t ur at es: A.Deepeni ng ofsuppr essi on oft he CNS dur i ng UNREM sl eepphase B.Shor t eni ngoft hel at entper i odt hef i r stepi sodeof t heREMsl eep C.Ext ensi onofREMsl eep( par adoxi cal )phase D.Shor t eni ngofREMsl eep( par adoxi cal )phase* E.Lengt heni ngoft hedur at i onofepi s odesoft heREMs l eep 30.A17y . o.gi r lt ookahi ghdoseofphenobar bi t alt o commi tasui ci de.Anambul ancedoct orcl eansedher 28 st omachandgav eheranI Vi nj ect i onofbemegr i de andsodi um bi car bonat esol ut i on.Whatwassodi um bi car bonat ei nj ect edf or ? A.Fori ncr easi ngr enal excr et i onofphenobar bi t al * B.Forbr i ngi ngt hepat i entt oconsci ousness C.Forbr eat hi ngst i mul at i on D.Forphenobar bi t al i nact i v at i on E.Forar t er i al pr essur enor mal i zat i on 31. Apat i entpr e s ent swi t hdy s f unc t i onofc er ebr al c or t ex ac c ompani ed by epi l ept i cs ei z ur es .He has been admi ni s t er ed a bi ogeni c ami ne s y nt hes i z ed f r om gl ut amat eandr es pons i bl ef orc ent r ali nhi bi t i on.What s ubs t anc ei si t ?2012 A.Acet y l chol i ne B.Hi st ami ne C.Gammaami nobut y r i caci d* D.Ser ot oni n E.Dopami ne 32.A66y . o.pat i ents uf f er swi t hPar k i ns on’ sdi s eas e s hows an i mpr ov ementi nl oc omot orac t i v i t y af t er pr ol onge dus eofac er t ai ndr ugwhi c hi sc onv er t edt o dopami nebydec ar box y l at i on.Whatdr ughast hepat i ent t ak en?2013 A.Cel ecoxi b B.Lev odopa* C.Chl or pr omazi ne D.Dr oper i dol E.Nal oxone E.Dr oper i dol 5.A doct oradmi ni st er edami t r i pt y l i net oapat i ent wi t hendogenousdepr essi on.Expl ai nt hemechani sm ofact i onoft hi sdr ug: A. I nhi bi t i on of t he neur onal r eupt ake of nor adr enal i ne B.I nhi bi t i onoft heneur onal r eupt akeofser ot oni n C.MAOi nhi bi t or D.I ncr easeofr el easeofnor adr enal i neandser ot oni n E. I nhi bi t i on of t he neur onal r eupt ake of nor adr enal i neandser ot oni n* 6 A man was addr essed t ot he psy chi at r i stwi t h compl ai nt s and desper at i on,t endency t o sui ci de. Det er mi net hegr oupofdr ugsf ort het r eat mentof t hi spat i ent ? A.Ant i depr essant s* B.Sedat i v es C.Neur ol ept i cs D.Tr anqui l i zer s E.Li t hi um 6.Thi sgr oupofdr ugi ncl udespsy chot r opi cagent sof pl antor i gi n.Thesedr ugsar eusedi nast heni cst at es af t er sev er ei nf ect i ous di seases.They i ncr ease gener al v i t al t oni ci t y of t he or gani sm and i t s r esi st ancet oi nf ect i ousdi seases.Thesedr ugsar e used i nt he f or m oft i nct ur es orl i qui d ext r act s. Chooset hi sgr oupofdr ugs: A.Sedat i v e B.Adapt ogens* C.Psy chost i mul ant s D.Ant i depr essant s E.Noot r opi cagent s 7.48.A 36y . o.manhasacr ani ocer ebr alt r auma. Obj ect i v el y :di mi ni shedbr eat hsounds,t hr eadypul se, andnor ef l exes.Whatwayofpy r acet am i nt r oduct i on wi l l bet hemostappr opr i at ei nt hi scase? A.I nhal at i on B.Subcut aneous C.Rect al D.I nt r av enous* E.Per or al 8.Thi sdr ughasst i mul at i ngact i onpr omot i ng sy nt hesi sofpr ot ei nsandATP, i ncr easest hecapaci t y f orphy si cal andment al per f or mance.I ti susedf ora l ongt i meandshoul dnotbet akenbef or esl eep. A.Gi nsengt i nct ur e* B.Val er i ant i nct ur e C.Zol pi dem D.Ni al ami de E.Ami t r i pt y l i ne 9.Ananal ept i cofr ef l ect i v et y pef r om t hegr oupofNchol i nomi met i cswasgi v ent oapat i entf orbr eat hi ng r est or at i on af t erpoi soni ng wi t h car bon monoxi de. Whatagentwasadmi ni st er edt ot hepat i ent ? A.Adr enal i ne B.Lobel i ne* C.Mesat on D.Nal oxone E. Caf f ei ne 10.I ndi cat et hemechani sm ofact i onofcaf f ei ne. A.Bl ockadeofMonoami noox i dase( MAO) 4. 5. CNSSt i mul ant s 1.MAOi nhi bi t or sar econt r ai ndi cat edwi t hal loft he f ol l owi ngEXCEPT: A.I ndi r ectadr ener gi cagent s, suchasephedr i ne B.Tr i cy cl i cant i depr essant C.Par acet amol * D.Beerandcheese E.Dopami ne 2.Av er yupsetmot herbr i ngsi nher12y . o.sont o askhel pi ndeal i ngwi t hhi sbedwet t i ng.Whi choft he f ol l owi ngdr ugsmi ghtal l ev i at et hi spr obl em? A.Fl uoxet i ne B.I mi zi ne( I mi pr ami ne)* C.Di azepam D.Pi r acet am E.Zol pi dem 3.Awomant r i edt ocommi tsui ci de,herpsy chi at r i st madet hedi agnosi sofendogeni cdepr essi on.What dr ugshoul dbegi v enf orhert r eat ment ? A.Ami t r i pt y l i ne* B.Noot r opi l C.Sy dnocar b( Mesocar be) D.Et i mi zol E.Caf f ei ne 4. Apat i entaddr es s edt oadoc t orwi t hc ompl ai nt sabout badmood,t hatwasac c ompani edbyex pr es s edf eel i ng of f ear ,anx i et y .The c l i ni c alex ami nat i on r ev eal ed ps y c hi c al depr es s i on.Whatdr ugs houl dbeadmi ni s t er ed t ot hi spat i ent ? A.Caf f ei ne B.Sul f ocamphocai ne C.Py r acet am D.Ami t r i pt y l i ne* 29 B.I nhi bi t i onoft heneur onal capt ur eofnor adr enal i ne C.I nhi bi t i onofphosphodi est er ase( PDE) D.Bl ockadeofadenosi ner ecept or s. E.Bl ockadeofadenosi ner ecept orandi nhi bi t i onof phosphodi est er ase* B.Sodi um oxy but y r at e C.Sy dnocar b D.Mer i di l ECor di ami n( Ni ket hami de) 19.A pat i entwi t hpost t r aumat i cencephal opat hyi s admi t t ed t o t he neur ol ogi cal depar t ment wi t h compl ai nt s of di sor der s of memor y ,i nt el l ect , headache,v er t i go.Chooset hegr oupofdr ugsf ort he pat i entt r eat ment : A.Psy chost i mul ant s B.Anal ept i cs C.Noot r opi cagent s* D.Ant i depr essant s E.Adapt ogens 11.I ndi cat et hecondi t i onf ort heuseofPi r acet am: A.Angi napect or i s B.Ment al i nsuf f i ci ency* C.Conv ul si ons D.Hy per t ensi v ecr i si s E.Congest i v ehear tf ai l ur e 12.I ndi cat et heanal ept i cofmi xedt y peofact i on: A.Cor di ami n( Ni ket hami de) * B.Caf f ei ne C.Lobel i nehy dr ochl or i de D.Bemegr i de E.Et i mi zol 13.I ndi cat et heanal ept i cofdi r ectt y peofact i on: A.Cor di ami n( Ni ket hami de) B.Cy t i t on C.Lobel i ne D.Bemegr i de* E.Sul f ocamphocai ne 14.Apat i ent ’ sr espi r at i oni ssi gni f i cant l ydepr essed dur i ng t he oper at i on under gener alanaest hesi a. Whi ch agentshoul d be used wi t houtpausi ng t he gener al anest hesi a? A.Et i mi zol * B.Sy dnocar b C.Mer i di l D.Cy t i t on E.Lobel i ne 15.I ndi cat et he dr ug possessi ng anal ept i c and psy chost i mul at i ngact i v i t y : A.Caf f ei ne* B.Bemegr i de C.Et i mi zol D.Cor di ami n( Ni ket hami de) E.St r y chni ne 16.Speci f ycl i ni cal usef orBemegr i de: A.Par ki nsoni sm B.Hy per t ensi v ecr i ses C.Ov er doseofgener al anest het i cs* D.Br ai nhy poxi a E.Conv ul si ons 17. The CNS st i mul at i on pr oduced by met hy l xant hi nes,suchascaf f ei ne,i smostl i kel yt he r esul toft heant agoni sm wi t ht hef ol l owi ngr ecept or s: A.Mchol i nor ecept or s B.Nchol i nor ecept or s C.Al pha1adr enor ecept or s D.Adenosi ner ecept or s* E.GABAr ecept or s 18.Apat i enti sadmi t t edt ot heneur ol ogydepar t ment duet ocompl ai nt sofdecr easeofmemor y ,ment al and wor kcapaci t y ,sl eepl essnessand v er t i go.Hi s sy mpt omsar econnect edwi t habr ai nconcussi on, t aki ngpl ace2y ear sagoasar esul tofanaut omobi l e acci dent .Whi chdr ugshoul dbeadmi ni st er edt ot he pat i ent ? A.Pi r acet am ( Noot r opi l )* 20.Speci f yt hemai nef f ectofPy r acet am ( Noot r opi l ) . A.St i mul at i onofmy ocar di um act i v i t y B.Tr anqui l i zi ngef f ect C.I nhi bi t i onuponexci t at i oni nt heCNS D.I mpr ov est hepr ocessesofmemor i zi ngand t hi nki ng* E.Decr easest heneur onal st abi l i t yt ohy poxi a 21.A28y . o.pat i enti sdel i v er edt ot hei nt ensi v ecar e uni twi t ht hedi agnosi sofpoi soni ngwi t hbar bi t ur at es of moder at e degr ee.Admi ni st er a st i mul ant of r espi r at i onwhi chwi l l beper t i nenti nt hi scase: A.Et i mi zol B.Bemegr i de* C.Sy dnocar b D.Pi r acet am E.Cor di ami n 22.Thi opent alnat r i um wasi nt r oducedt ot hepat i ent f ori ni t i algener alanest hesi at hatcausedt hear t er i al hy pot ensi onandr espi r at or ydepr essi on.Sel ectt he dr ugt or est or ebr eat hi ngandbl oodci r cul at i on: A.Lobel i ne B.Di pi r oxi m C.Nal oxone D.Cy t i t on E.Bemegr i de* 23.I ndi cat et hechar act er i st i csi deef f ectof bemegr i de. A.Gast r i t i s B.Br onchi ospasm C.Hepat i t i s D.Ar t er i al hy pot ensi on E.Conv ul si ons* 24.Achi l dwasbor nasphy xi at ed.Whatdr ugmustbe admi ni st er edt ot henewbor nt ost i mul at ebr eat hi ng? 2016 A.Pr oser i ne( Neost i gmi ne) B.Nal oxone C.Pr azosi n D.At r opi ne E.Aet hi mi zol um * 25.A68y . o.pat i enti sdel i v er edt ot hei nt ensi v ecar e uni twi t ht hedi agnosi sofpoi soni ngwi t hbar bi t ur at es ofami l ddegr ee.Speci f yast i mul antofr espi r at i on, whi chwi l l beper t i nenti nt hi scase. A.I nst enon B.Sy dnocar b 30 C.Cor di ami n* D.Pi r acet am E.Encephabol E.Caf f ei nebenzoat esodi um 33.Thi sdr ugi susedf ort het r eat mentofdi sor der s ofmemor y ,cer ebr alat her oscl er osi s,af t ercer ebr al i nj ur i es,al coholencephal opat hy ,and dement i a.I t i mpr ov es t he pr ocesses of memor i zi ng and cogni t i v el y .Det er mi net hegr oupofdr ug. A.Ami t r i pt y l i ne B.Py r acet am * C.Par acet amol D.Bemegr i de E.Di azepam 26.A pat i entwi t hdepr essi onhasbeenpr escr i bed Ni al ami de.Thedoct orhaswar nedt hepat i entabout necessi t yt o excl ude f r om hi d di et dur i ng t he t r eat ment : A.Cheese* B.Appl es C.Pot at o D.Cabbages E.Pear s 34.Apat i entwi t ht r aumat i cencephal opat hywas admi t t edt ot heneur ol ogi cal depar t mentwi t h compl ai nt sofdi sor der sofmemor y , i nt el l ect , headache, v er t i go.Chooset hegr oupoft he t r eat mentoft hepat i ent . A.Psy chost i mul ant s B.Anal ept i cs C.Noot r opi cagent( cogni t i v eenhancer s)* D.Ant i depr essant s E.Adapt ogens 27.I mpai r mentofl ear ni ng,r et ar dat i onofi nt el l ect ual dev el opmenti sr ev eal edat9y . o.chi l d.Whi chgr oup admi ni st r at i oni sappr opr i at ei nt hi scase? A.Neur ol ept i cs B.Noot r ops* C.Tr anqui l i zer s D.Ant i depr essant s E.Adapt ogens 28.Thepat i entabusesamphet ami nes.Dev el opment ofwhatef f ecti sunusual af t eri nt akeoft hi sagent ? A.Anor exi a B.Dependence C.Br ady car di a* D.Ri si ngofAP E.Ar r hy t hmi as 35.Apat i entt ookaf ewt abl et sofphenobar bi t alt o f al l asl eepf ast er .Soonhi sr espi r at i onwas suppr essedandi twasdi f f i cul tt owakehi m up.Hi s wi f ecal l edf oranambul ance.Whi chspeci f i c ant agoni stshoul dbeused? A.Bemegr i de* B.Caf f ei ne C.Lobel i ne D.Cy t i t on E.At r opi ne 29. For r est or at i on of t he CNS f unct i on af t er i schaemi c st oke a 63 y . o.woman wer et aki ng pi r acet am.Shei mpr ov edsi gni f i cant l y .Whati st he mechani sm ofact i onofgi v endr ug? A.Bl ockageofmonoami neoxi di ze B.Bl ockageofchol i nest er ase C.Bl ockageofcat echol –Omet hy l t r ansf er ase D.I mpr ov ementofmet abol i sm i nt heCNS* E.Bl ockageofdopami nehy dr oxy l ase 36.Phar macol ogi cal ef f ect sofant i depr essant sar e baseduponi nhi bi t i ngt heenzy met hatact sasa cat al y stf ort hebr eakdownofbi ogeni cami nes nor adr enal i nandser ot oni ni nt hemi t ochondr i aof cephal i cneur ons.Whatenzy mest akepar ti nt hi s pr ocess? A.Ly dase B.Tr ansami nase C.Pept i dase D.Decar boxy l ase E.Monoami neoxi dase* 30.Anant i depr essant ,whi chi scapabl et oi nv okea st at eofagi t at i onandsl eepl essnessi nhumans,has beenpr escr i bedt ot he22y . o.pat i ent .Namet hi s dr ug. A.Fl uoxet i ne B.Ami t r i pt y l i ne C.Mocl obemi de( Aur or i x)* D.Hal oper i dol E.Caf f ei ne 37.Whi l eunderbar bi t ur at eanaest hesi aa65 y . o. mal e pat i ent dev el oped r espi r at or y i nhi bi t i on. Anaest hesi ol ogi sti nt r oduced hi m 10 mlof0. 5% bemegr i de sol ut i onI V.Thepat i ent ’ scondi t i ongot bet t er ,t hepul monar yv ent i l at i onv ol umei ncr eased. Whatphenomenonunder l i est hei nt er act i onoft hese medi cat i ons?2012 A.Di r ectant agoni sm B.Di r ectsy ner gi sm C.I ndi r ectant agoni sm * D.I ndi r ectsy ner gi sm E.Uni l at er al ant agoni sm 31.Apat i entwi t hr espi r at or ydepr essi onwasami t t ed t ot he hospi t al .Agent s ofwhi ch phar macol ogi c gr oupshoul dbeadmi ni st er ed? A.Neur ol ept i cs B.Tr anqui l i zer s C.Anal ept i cs* D.Ant i depr essant s E.Anal gesi cs 32.A pat i entneedsadr ugt hati mpr ov esmemor y and cogni t i v ef unct i oni nor gani cdamagesoft he br ai n.Sel ecti tout : A.Ni t r azepam B.Py r acet am * C.Mezapam D.Di azepam 38.Apat i entwi t hepi l epsyanddepr essi v er eact i on hasbeenadmi ni st er edadr ugt hatr educedepi l epsy mani f est at i on and i mpr ov ed t hatpat i ent ’ spsy chi c condi t i on.2012 A.Ami t r i pt y l i ne* B.Pheny t oi n 31 C.Sodi um v al pr oat e D.Et hosuxemi de E.Phenobar bi t al B.Thi opent al sodi um C.Di et hy l et her D.Sombr ev i n E.Fl uor ot ane( Hal ot hane) 3. 6.Gener al Anest het i cs.Et hy l Al cohol 6.Thi opent alsodi um was I V admi ni st er ed t oa pat i entf oran i nt r oduct i on nar cosi s.Wi t hi naf ew mi nut es l ar y ngospasm and hy per sal i v at i on hav e dev el oped.Whi chdr ugcoul dhav epr ev ent edsuch ef f ect s? A.Ni t r azepam B.Adr enal i ne C.Al l oxi m D.At r opi ne* E.Pr oser i ne( Neost i gmi ne) 1.Apat i entwi t hcr ani ocer ebr ali nj ur ywasadmi t t ed t oahospi t al .Pr ogr essi v ei ncr easeofneur ol ogi cal sy mpt omsal l owedt omaket hedi agnosi sofbr ai n cont usi on,whi chbecamet her easonofi ncr easi ng br ai nedemaf ol l owedbyhy poxi aofi t sst r uct ur es. Admi ni st era gener alanaest het i c,whi ch pr oduces benef i ci al i nf l uencei nbr ai nhy poxi a: A.Ft or ot an( Hal ot hane) B.I sof l ur ane C.Pr opani di de( Sombr evi ne) D.Ket ami ne E.Sodi um Oxy but y r at e( GOBA) * 7.Thecombi nat i onofader i v at i v eoft hebar bi t ur i c aci d and i nhal ed anaest het i c was used dur i ng a sur gi caloper at i onf ort hegener alanaest hesi a.What combi nat i onhasbeenused? A.Phenobar bi t al +Ket al ar( Ket ami ne) B.Thi opent al +Ft or ot an( Hal ot hane)* C.Ket al ar( Ket ami ne)+Ft or ot an( Hal ot hane) D.Hexenal +Pr opani di de E.Ft or ot an( Hal ot hane)+Hexenal 2.To anaest het i ze t he mani pul at i on r el at ed t oa bur nedsur f acet r eat ment , apat i entwasI Vi nj ect eda shor t act i ng anaest het i c.Wi t hi n 1 mi nt he pat i ent bei ng under anaest hesi a had an i ncr eased AP, t achy car di a,i ncr eased t one ofskel et almuscl es; r ef l exesr emai ned.Af t erawakeni ngt hepat i enthad di sor i ent at i onandv i sualhal l uci nat i ons.Whatagent wasadmi ni st er ed? A.Ni t r ousoxi de B.Thi opent al sodi um C.Di et hy l et her D.Sombr ev i n E.Ket ami ne* 8.Pr oser i ne i ncr easesskel et almuscl et onewhen gi v en sy st emi cal l y . Ft or ot an ( hal ot hane) i nduces r el axat i onofskel et almuscl esandr educespr oser i ne ef f ect s.Whati st henat ur eofpr oser i nandhal ot hane i nt er act i on?2011 A.Di r ectf unct i onal ant agoni sm B.Noncompet i t i v eant agoni sm C.I ndi r ectf unct i onal ant agoni sm * D.I ndependentant agoni sm E.Uni l at er al ant agoni sm 3.A23y . o.pat i entwi t hhumer usabscesshasbeen admi t t ed t o a sur gi caldepar t ment .Whatki nd of anest hesi a and whi ch agentt o usear et hemost appr opr i at ef ort hi spat i ent ? A.Et hernar cosi s B.Spi nal anest hesi awi t hnov ocai ne C.Hexenal nar cosi s D.Local anest hesi awi t hl i docai ne* E.Ket ami nenar cosi s 9.I n a pat i entdur i ng f t or ot an nar cosi s BP has abr upt l ydecr eased.Whi chdr ugshoul dbeusedf or r est or at i onofBPl ev el ? A.Adr enal i ne B.I sadr i ne C.Mesat one( Phenyl ephr i ne)* D.Nor adr enal i ne E.Ephedr i ne 4.Det er mi net hedr ugf orI Vanest hesi awi t hqui ck onset and shor t dur at i on of act i on. Gener al anest hesi ai sdev el opedi n2040secandl ast s35 mi n.Thest ageofexci t ementi sabsent .Thi sdr ug doesnotcauseaf t er anaest het i csl eep.I tpr act i cal l y doesnoti nhi bi tt hemy ocar di um act i v i t y .I ti susedi n ambul antpr act i cef ori ni t i alanest hesi aandi nshor t oper at i ons. The possi bl e compl i cat i on i s hy per v ent i l at i onf ol l owedbyr espi r at i ondepr essi on, t achy car di a,hy per t ensi on,andhy per emi aal ongt he v ei n A.Ni t r ousoxi de B.Thi opent al sodi um C.Sombr ev i n( Pr opani di de) D.Nat r i um oxy but y r at e E.Ket ami ne* 10.Gener al anaest het i cwi t hul t r ashor tact i on( 5mi n) wasi nt r oducedt oapat i entI Vf oranal gesi aofbi opsy . I tcaused a muscul art wi t chi ng,decr ease ofAP, r espi r at or y ar r est f or a shor t per i od of t i me. Det er mi net hi sdr ug. A.Ket ami ne B.Nat r i um oxy but y r at e C.Pent azoci ne D.Pr opani di de* E.Ft or ot an( Hal ot hane) 11.Pr opani di de i s of t en used i n dent alpr act i ce. Det er mi net hecont r ai ndi cat i onf oruseoft hi sdr ug. A.Reposi t i onofj awbonef r agment s B.Shock* C.Reposi t i onofdi sl ocat i onsofj aw D.Taki ngoutt hest i t ches E.Di ssect i onofpul pcav i t y 5.A25y . o.pat i entwi t hpol y t r aumai nunconsci ous st at ewasadmi t t edt ot hehospi t al .AP95/ 70mm Hg, pul se75/ mi n,r espi r at i onsuper f i ci alwi t hf r equency 30/ mi n.Whatagentshoul d be used f orgener al anest hesi a? A.Ket ami ne* 12.Expr essedbr ady car di a, f al l ofAPappear eddur i ng f t or ot ananest hesi a.Whatdr ugi scont r ai ndi cat edt o 32 st abi l i zehemody nami csdur i ngf t or ot ananest hesi a? A.Pr edni sol one B.At r opi ne C.Mesat on( Phenyl ephr i ne) D.Caf f ei ne E.Adr enal i ne* B.Ft or ot an( Hal ot hane) * C.Sodi um oxy but i r at e D.Et herpr onar cosi s E.Pr opani di de 20.I nwhatconcent r at i oni set hy lal coholusedf or ant i mi cr obi al pr ocessi ngofski n: A.96% B.70%* C.40% D.50% E.60% 21.A 35y . o.pat i entwhoof t enconsumesal cohol wast r eat edwi t hdi ur et i cs.Ther eappear edser i ous muscl eandhear tweakness,v omi t i ng,di ar r hea.AP 100/ 60mm Hg,depr essi on.Thi scondi t i oni scaused byi nt ensi f i edexcr et i onof : A.Cal ci um B.Pot assi um* C.Chl or i ne D.Phosphat es E.Sodi um 13.Themostappr opr i at eanaest het i cusedmai nl yi n obst et r i cpr act i ce: A.Met hoxy f l ur ane* B.Ft or ot an C.Ket ami ne D.Nat r i um oxy but y r at e E.Et herpr onar cosi s 14.Thi opent alsodi um was I V admi ni st er ed t oa pat i entf orani ni t i alnar cosi sandt henl ar y ngospasm andhy per sal i v at i onhav edev el oped.I nt r oduct i onof whatagentcoul dpr ev entundesi r abl eef f ect s? A.Adr enal i ne B.Neost i gmi ne( Pr oser i ne) C.Pl at y phy l l i n* D.Dobut ami ne E.I sadr i ne 22.Wi t ht hepur poseofwar mi ngaf t ercool i ng,t he pat i entusedsol ut i onofet hanol .How doeset hanol i nf l uenceont her mor egul at i on? A.I ncr easesheatr el ease* B.Decr easesheatr el ease C.I ncr easesheatpr oduct i on D.Decr easesheatpr oduct i on E.Decr easesheatpr oduct i onandheatr el ease 15.A pat i enthad an acut el esi on oft he l i v er ( hepat i t i s)af t err epeat edsur gi caloper at i ons.What gener alanaest het i c mostl i kel yhas caused gi v en pat hol ogy ? A.Ni t r ousoxi de B.Ft or ot an( Hal ot hane) * C.Ket ami ne D.Sodi um oxy but y r at e E.Et herpr onar cosi s 23.A pat i entsuf f er sf r om chr oni cal cohol i sm wi t h t he f ol l owi ng sy mpt oms:pai ni n ar ms and l egs, i mpai r mentofski n sensi t i v i t y ,muscl e weakness, edemas.Whi chv i t ami nshoul dbepr escr i bedt ot he pat i ent ? A.Er gocal ci f er ol B.Thi ami ne* C.Ret i nol D.Rut i n E.Vi casol ( Menadi one) 24.Fl ushi ngoccur swhenal cohol i st akenal ongwi t h: A.Uni t hi ol B.Met r oni dazol e* C.Gl i bencl ami de D.Dr ot av er i ne( Nospa) E.I t r aconazol e 25.I nsev er eal coholi nt oxi cat i on,t hebl oodet hanol exceeds: A.0. 5g/ L B.1g/ L C.2g/ L D.3g/ L E.4g/ L* 26.Thesamedoseofal coholi nv okesadi f f er ent degr eeofal coholi nt oxi cat i oni ndi f f er entpeopl e.I ti s l i nkedwi t h: A.Hi ghpl asmal ev el ofbet al i popr ot ei ns B.I nhi bi t i onofi nsul i nsy nt hesi s C.Genet i cal l ydet er mi ned i nsuf f i ci encyofal cohol dehydr ogenasesynt hesi s* D.I nhi bi t i onofhepat i cmi cr osomal enzy mes E. Low act i v i t y of pseudochol i nest er ase ( but yr yl chol i nest er ase) 16.Apat i entt r eat edwi t hcl ophel i ne( cl oni di ne)due t oar t er i alhy per t ensi on,hadt akenanal cohol i cdr i nk t hatcausedashar pi nhi bi t i onoft heCNS.Whati st he nameoft hi si nt er act i on? A.Pot ent i at i on* B.Summat i on C.Cumul at i on D.I nt oxi cat i on E.I di osy ncr at i cr eact i on 17.Asuddenf al lofAPar osei napat i entwhowas bei ng oper at ed under gener alanaest hesi a.The doct ori nt r oducedepi nephr i nef ol l owi ngbyv ent r i cl e f i br i l l at i on.I ndi cat egener alanaest het i c,whi chcoul d mostl i kel yi nducet hi scompl i cat i on: A.Ni t r i coxi de B.Pr opani di de C.Ft or ot an( Hal ot hane) * D.Ket ami ne E.Thi opent al sodi um 18.I ndi cat et hegener alanaest het i c,whi chcausesa l ongandexpr essedst ageofexci t ement : A.Et herpr onar cosi s* B.Pr opani di de C.Ft or ot an( Hal ot hane) D.Ket ami ne E.Thi opent al sodi um 19.I ndi cat et he gener alanaest het i c dur i ng whi ch appl i cat i onadr enal i nemustnotbeused: A.Ni t r ousoxi de 33 27.I ndi cat et heemet i cagentexci t i ngv omi t i ngcent er di r ect l y ,whi chi susedi nav er si ont her apyofchr oni c al cohol i sm: A.I pecacuanha B.Apomor phi ne* C.Di sul f i r am ( Tet ur am) D.Met r oni dazol e E.Nal t r exone 28.Adoct orhaspr escr i bedTet ur am ( Di sul f i r am)f or al cohol i sm.Whati st hemechani sm ofact i onoft he dr ug? A.Act i v at i onofv omi t i ngcent er B.Augment at i onofacet y l chol i nest er ase C.I nhi bi t i onofacet y l chol i nest er ase D. Augment at i on of al dehy de dehy dr ogenase act i v i t y E.I nhi bi t i onofal dehy dedehy dr ogenase* 29.Anal cohol i chasal cohol i cpsy chosi swi t hev i dent psy chomot or agi t at i on. Whi ch neur ol ept i c dr ug shoul dbeadmi ni st er edf oremer gencyai d?2015 A.Sodi um br omi de B.Di azepam C.Hal ot hane D.Ami nazi ne E.Reser pi ne 30.Dur i nganest het i zat i onapat i entpr esent edwi t h sy mpt oms oft onus i ncr ease ofpar asy mpat het i c ner v ous sy st em such as hy per sal i v at i on and l ar y ngospasm.What dr ug coul d hav e pr ev ent ed t heseundesi r abl eef f ect s?2011 A.At r opi nesul phat e* B.Py r acet am C.Anal gi n D.Adr enal i nehy dr ochl or i de E.Neost i gmi ne 31.A 55 y . o.man had been admi t t ed t ot he r esusci t at i on uni tunconsci ous.Rel at i v es r epor t ed hi mt ohav emi st akenl ydr unkanal cohol i csol ut i onof unknown or i gi n.On exami nat i on t he pat i entwas di agnosedwi t hmet hanoli nt oxi cat i on.Whatant i dot e shoul dbeusedi nt hi scase?2016 A.Pr ot ami nesul f at e B.Et hanol * C.Di sul f i r am ( Tet ur am) D.Acet y l cy st ei n E.Nal t r exone 32.Sev er almi nut es af t era dent i stadmi ni st er ed novocai nef orl ocalanaest hesi aofapat i ent ’ st oot h, t he f ol l owi ng sy mpt oms shar pl ydev el oped i nt he pat i ent :f at i gue,ski ni t chi ng,Obj ect i v el yt hef ol l owi ng can be obser v ed:ski n hy per emi a,t achy car di a,BP dr oppeddownt o70/ 40mm Hg.Whatki ndofal l er gi c r eact i oni st hi spat hol ogy ? A.Cy t ot oxi c B.Cel l medi at edi mmuner eact i on C.St i mul at i ng D.Anaphy l act i c* E.I mmunecompl ex 34