Porphyrin is formed by joining together four pyrrole rings by means of _?___bridges:
A. Hydroxy
B. Propylene
C. Phosphate
*D. Methylene
E. Hydrogen
A patient with jaundice has high bilirubin that is mainly indirect (unconjugated), high concentration of stercobilin in
the stool and urine. The level of direct (conjugated) bilirubin in the blood plasma is normal. What kind of jaundice
can you think about?
A. Mechanical
*B. Hemolytic
C. Gilbert’s disease
D. Neonatal jaundice
E. Parenchymal (hepatic)
Bilirubin is produced from:
A. Stercobilinogen
*B. Haemoglobin
C. Glucose
D. Albumin
E. Uric acid
Which of the following can be a homologous substitution for N-terminal valine (6) in beta-subunits of hemoglobin to
form hemoglobin S?
A. Isoleucine
B. Lysine
C. Phenylalanine
D. Alanine
*E. Glutamic acid
A full-term newborn child has yellowish skin and mucous membranes. This might be probably caused by temporary
deficiency of following enzyme:
A. Uridine transferase
B. Heme synthetase
C. Heme oxygenase
*D. UDP glucoronyltransferase
E. Biliverdin reductase
Which of the following is a precursor of protoporphyrin?
*A. Glycine
B. Histidine
C. Alanine
D. Leucine
E. Proline
Name the hemoglobin derivative whose content is increased under carbon monoxide poisoning:
A. Para-amino benzoic acid
B. Carbhemoglobin
C. Bilirubin IX
*D. Carboxyhemoglobin
E. 1,25-dihydroxy cholecalciferol
Unloading of oxygen to tissue cells by oxy- Hb is assisted by:
A. Bohr-affect
B. 2-3 diphosphoglycerate
C. None of the proposed
*D. All proposed
E. Low PO₂ and high PCO₂ in tissues
A denaturation of proteins can be found in some substances. Specify the substance that is used for the incomplete
denaturation of hemoglobin:
*A. Urea
B. Toluene
C. Nitric acid
D. Sulfuric acid
E. Sodium hydroxide
A patient presents with icteritiousness of skin, sclera and mucous membranes. Blood plasma total bilirubin content
is increased, stercobilin is increased in feces, urobilin is increased in the urine of this patient. What type of jaundice
is this one:
A. Obturational
*B. Hemolytic
C. Cholestatic
D. Parenchymatous
E. Gilbert`s disease
Patients having obstructive jaundice do not excrete this at all in urine:
*A. Urobilinogen
B. Urea
C. Bilirubin
D. Urate
E. Glycocholate
Heme synthesis is regulated by feedback mechanism. Choose the 5-aminolevulinate synthetase allosteric inhibitor:
A. Porphobilinogen
B. Protoporphyrin IX
C. Coproporphyrin
D. Vitamin C
*E. Heme
Jaundice treatment involves administration of barbiturates inducing the synthesis of UDP-glucuronyl transferase.
Effects of barbiturates cause the production of :
A. Indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin
B. Heme
C. Protoporphyrin
D. Biliverdin
*E. Direct (conjugated) bilirubin
Examination of initial molecular structure revealed substitution of the glutamic acid by valine. What inherited
pathology is it typical for?
A. Minkowsky-Shauffard disease
B. Favism
C. Hemoglobinosis
*D. Sickle-cell anemia
E. Thalassemia
Porphobilinogen in urine produces pink color with:
A. Biuretic reagent
B. Fouchet’s reagent
*C. Ehrlich’s aldehyde reagent
D. Benedict’s reagent
E. Sodium nitroprusside
Bilirubin glucuronide in the urine in the absence of urobilinogen suggests:
A. Hepatocellular jaundice
B. Congenital erythropoetic porphyria
C. Porphyria cutanea tarda
D. Hemolytic jaundice
*E. Obstructive jaundice
Enzymatic jaundices are accompanied by abnormal activity of UDP-glucuronyltransferase. What compound is
accumulated in blood serum in case of these pathologies?
A. Dehydrobilirubin
B. Conjugated bilirubin
*C. Unconjugated bilirubin
D. Hydrobilirubin
E. Choleglobin
A mother consulted a doctor about her 5-year-old child who develops erythemas, vesicular rash and skin itch under
the influence of sun. Laboratory studies revealed decreased iron concentration in the blood serum, increased
uroporphyrinogen I excretion with the urine. What is the most likely inherited pathology in this child?
A. Methemoglobinemia
B. Coproporphyria
C. Intermittent porphyria
D. Hepatic porphyria
*E. Erythropoietic porphyria
Name blood plasma index whose content is increased mainly under condition of hemolytic anemia in patient:
A. Free amino acids
B. Uric acid
*C. Unconjugated bilirubin
D. Conjugated bilirubin
E. Urea
The enzymes that synthesize delta-amino levulinate (from succinyl CoA and glycine) and produce pyruvate (from
cysteine) are both:
A. Flavoproteins
B. NADH dependent
C. Metalloproteins
*D. Pyridoxal phosphate dependent
E. Biotin dependent
A 48 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about weakness, irritability, sleep disturbance.
Objectively: skin and scleras are yellow. In blood: conjugated bilirubin, cholamia. Feces are acholic. Urine is of dark
colour (bilirubin). What jaundice is it?
A. Crigler-Najjar syndrome
B. Hemolytic
C. Parenchymatous
D. Gilbert’s syndrome
*E. Mechanic (obstractive)
What color compound may be produced across hemoglobin degradation in the spleen of humans:
A. Urea
B. Uric acid
*C. Biliverdin
D. UDP-glucuronic acid
E. Stercobilinogen
Heme to bilirubin conversion is carried out by
A. Heme dehydrogenase
B. Heme reductase
*C. Heme oxygenase
D. Heme hydrolase
E. Heme isomerase
True regarding conversion of deoxyhemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin in lungs is:
*A. Binding of oxygen causes release of proton
B. One mole of deoxyhemoglobin binds two moles of 2,3-DPG
C. Binding of oxygen causes release of phosphate
D. Binding of oxygen causes increased binding of 2,3-DPG
E. pH of blood has no affect on the binding of oxygen
A patient who suffers from congenital erythropoietic porphyria has skin photosensitivity. The accumulation of what
compound in the skin cells can cause it?
A. Uroporphyrinogen II
B. Protoporphyrin
C. Coproporphyrinogen III
D. Heme
*E. Uroporphyrinogen I
Patients having obstructive jaundice do not excrete this at all in urine:
A. Urate
B. Bilirubin
C. Glycocholate
*D. Urobilionogen
E. Urea
Bilirubin is produced from:
A. Albumin
*B. Haemoglobin
C. Uric acid
D. Glucose
E. Stercobilinogen
Which of the following is seen in obstructive jaundice?
A. Excess of bile salts in feces
B. Excess of bile salts in the urine
*C. Excess of conjugated serum bilirubin
D. Excess of stercobilinogen in urine
E. Excess of urobilinogen in urine
Bilirubin indexes may be absolutely identical in cases of hepatic and obstructive jaundices. Choose the test that
can confirm the liver parenchyma damage:
A. Determination of glucose in the urine
*B. Determination of alanine aminotransferase activity in the blood plasma
C. Uric acid determination in blood plasma
D. Determination of ketone bodies in the urine
E. Determination of the glucose concentration in the blood plasma
Hemoglobin catabolism results in release of iron which is transported to the bone marrow by a certain transfer
protein and used again for the synthesis of hemoglobin. Specify this transfer protein:
A. Haptoglobin
B. Transcobalamin
C. Ceruloplasmin
*D. Transferrin (siderophilin)
E. Albumin
Carbon monoxide in the body is synthesized during
*A. Breakdown of hemoglobin
B. Ribosomal protein synthesis
C. Synthesis of carnitine
D. Gluconeogenesis
E. Anaerobic glycolysis
A 48-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about weakness, irritability, sleep disturbance.
Objectively: skin and scleras are of yellow colour. In blood: increased concentration of total bilirubin with prevailing
direct bilirubin. The feces are acholic. The urine is dark (contains bile pigments). What type of jaundice is it?
A. Gilbert’s syndrome
B. Crigler-Najjar syndrome
*C. Mechanic
D. Parenchmatous
E. Haemolytic
Blood analysis of a patient with jaundice reveals hyperbilirubinemia, increased concentration of bile acids in the
blood plasma. There is no stercobolinogen in urine. What type of jaundice is it?
A. Parenchymatous jaundice
*B. Obstructive jaundice
C. Cythemolytic jaundice
D. Hemolytic jaundice
E. Hepatocellular jaundice
A patient is ill with diabetes mellitus that is accompanied with hyperglycemia of over 7,2 millimole/L on an empty
stomach. The level of what blood plasma protein can estimate the hyperglycemia rate retrospectively {4-8 weeks
before examination}?
A. C-reactive protein
B. Albumin
C. Fibrinogen
*D. Glycosylated haemoglobin
E. Ceruloplasmin
Which one of the following is the complementary
sequence of 5Т-TTAAGCTAC-3Т?:
A. 5ТCCGGATCGT3Т
*B. 5ТGTAGCTTAA3Т
C. 5ТAATTCGCATG3Т
D. 5ТCATGCGAATT3Т
E. 5ТTTAAGCGTAC3Т
Point out products of guanosine degradation in tissues formed at first reaction:
A. Guanine, pyrophosphate
*B. Guanine, ribose-5-phosphate
C. Guanine, phosphate
D. Ribose, phosphate
E. Ribose, pyrophosphate
Biological membrane contains all the following except
A. Cholesterol
B. Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase
*C. Steroid receptors
D. Prostaglandins
E. Cytochrome P450
Deoxyribose is different from ribose by:
*A. The absence of hydroxyl group at the second carbon atom
B. The presence of hydroxyl group at the second carbon atom
C. The presence of amino group
D. The presence of hydroxyl group at the third carbon atom
E. The quantity of carbon atoms
Membrane fluidity is increased by increased content of:
A. Stearic acid
B. Cholesterol
*C. Linoleic acid
D. Lauric acid
E. Palmitic acid
Triple hydrogen bonds are found between which base pairs:
A. A-T
B. C-T
C. A-G
*D. C-G
E. C-U
Which of the following is responsible for increasing the fluidity of the membrane:
A. Cholesterol
B. Palmitic acid
*C. Linoleic acid
D. Cholesterol ester
E. Stearic acid
The basic protein, which functions in the packaging of DNA in chromosomes, is:
A. Fibrinogen
*B. Histone
C. Collagen type I
D. Collagen type V
E. Hyaluronic acid binding protein
Choose the qualitative reaction on carbohydrate residue of nucleic acids:
*A. Diphenylamine test
B. Biuretic reaction
C. Millon`s reaction
D. Barfed`s reaction
E. Molybdenic test
Nucleic acids have acid properties due to the presence of residues in their structure:
A. Ribose
B. Adenosine
C. Guanine
D. Deoxyribose
*E. Phosphoric acid
According to the model of double DNA helix that was suggested by Watson and Greek, it was astablished that one
of chains would not be lost during replication and the second chain would be synthesized complementary to the
first one. What way of replication is it?
A. Conservative
B. Analogous
C. Dispersed
*D. Semicomservative
E. Identical
Point out the role of proteins located in the cellular membrane:
A. Glucose transport channel
B. Enzyme
*C. All the positions are right
D. Ion transport channel
E. To be receptor for hormone
Choose the correct definition of the term Уmodified baseФ:
A. A purin or pyrimidine attached to a sugar by O-glycoside linkage
B. A nitrogen containing ring other than a purine or pyrimidine that is part of a nucleotide
C. Purine or pyrimidine attached to deoxyribose
D. Purine or pyrimidine attached to ribose
*E. A purine or pyrimidine that has been altered
The major driving force for the formation of membrane bilayer is
A. Hydrogen bonding
*B. All proposed
C. Van der Waals forces
D. Hydrophobic interactions
E. Electrostatic attractions
Which of the following membrane has the highest protein content per gram of tissue:
A. Outer mitochondrial membrane
*B. Inner mitochondrial membrane
C. Nuclear membrane
D. Plasma membrane
E. Myelin sheath
Due to complete hydrolysis of DNA, we will get all of the following except:
A. Purine bases
B. Deoxyribose
C. Pyrimidine bases
*D. Adenosine
E. Phosphoric acid
Nowadays about 50 minor bases have found in the t-RNA structure besides the main four nitrogenous bases.
Choose the minor nitrogenous base:
A. Cytosine
B. Cysteine
*C. Dihydrouracil
D. Uracil
E. Adenine
Chargaff rule states that
*A. A/T=G/C
B. None of the above
C. A+T=G+C
D. A=U=T=G=C
E. A+G=T+C
At the physiological pH the DNA molecules are:
*A. Negatively charged
B. Amphipathic
C. Positively charged
D. Uncharged
E. Neutral
In a human genome project scientists notice, that one strand of the DNA molecule contains 20 thymine (T), 25
cytosine (C), 30 guanine (G) and 22 adenine (A) residues. How many of each of the bases is found in complete
double-stranded molecule
A. T=44, C=60, G=50, A=40
*B. T=42, C=55, G=55, A=42
C. T=42, C=50, G=60, A=42
D. T=40, C=50, G=60, A=44
E. T=22, C=30, G=25, A=20
The pyrimidine nucleotide UMP degradation end product in human organism is:
A. Aspartic acid
*B. Beta-alanine
C. Inosinic acid
D. Beta-aminoisobutyric acid
E. Uric acid
Beta-alanine is a degradation product of:
A. Adenosine
B. Thymidylate
C. Albumin
*D. Uridylate
E. Guanylate
A gout is developed in patients when the activity of certain enzyme of purine nucleotide de novo synthesis is higher
(genetic defect of enzyme) then normal. Point out it:
A. Adenylate cyclase
B. 5’-nucleotidase
C. Adenylic acid deaminase
*D. PRPP aminotransferase
E. Adenylsuccinate lyase
Point out the index, whose concentration is determined in the blood plasma of patients with gout:
*A. Uric acid
B. Alpha-Alanine
C. Urea
D. Beta-Aminoisobutyric acid
E. Beta-Alanine
Call, please, special synthesis that may be considered as the way for ammonia neutralization in humans:
A. Ammonia salts formation
B. AMP synthesis
*C. UMP synthesis
D. NAD synthesis
E. Protein synthesis
Two carbon atoms and the nitrogen one of the imidazole fragment in purine base skeleton are got from only one
amino acid in the de novo synthesis. Name it:
A. Asparagine
B. Folic acid
*C. Glycine
D. Aspartic acid
E. Glutamic acid
A 42-year-old man suffering from gout has increased level of urinary acid in blood. Allopurinol was prescribed to
decrease the level of urinary acid. Competitive inhibitor of what enzyme is allopurinol?
*A. Xanthine oxidase
B. Guanine deaminase
C. Hypoxanthine phosphoribosiltransferase
D. Adenine phosphoribosiltransferase
E. Adenosine deaminase
Increased serum uric acid levels occur in:
A. Lesh-Nyhan syndrome
B. Von Gierke`s disease
*C. All proposed
D. Leukemia
E. Disturbances of PRPP synthase regulation
A gout is developed in patients when the activity of certain enzyme of purine nucleotide de novo synthesis is higher
(genetic defect of enzyme) then normal. Point out it:
A. Adenylsuccinate lyase
B. Adenylic acid deaminase
*C. PRPP aminotransferase
D. Adenylate cyclase
E. 5’-nucleotidase
Pterin derivatives (aminopterin and methotrexate) are the inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase so that they inhibit
the regeneration of tetrahydrofolic acid from dihydrofolate. These drugs inhibit the intermolecular transfer of
monocarbon groups, thus suppressing the synthesis of following polymer:
*A. DNA
B. Homopolysaccharides
C. Protein
D. Gangliosides
E. Glycosaminoglycans
46-year-old patient complains of pain in joints that becomes stronger the day before the weather changes. Blood
examination revealed an increased concentration of uric acid. This substance is accumulated in the blood of the
patient due to intensive degradation of the following substance:
A. Thymidine monophosphate
B. Cytidine monophosphate
C. Uridine monophosphate
D. Uridine triphosphate
*E. Adenosine monophosphate
The pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis features are all right except:
A. The initial substrate (carbamoyl phosphate) may be formed from glutamine, CO₂ with ATP use
B. Synthesis starts with the aspartic acid
C. Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase II is activated by PRPP
*D. All the UMP nitrogen atoms are got from ammonia molecules
E. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate is used
What enzyme deficiency will develop in a young male X-linked recessive disorder with hyperuricemia and mild
retardation?
A. Branch chain amino acids metabolites deficiency
*B. Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
C. Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency
D. Homogentisate oxidase defective enzymes
E. Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl oxidase deficiency
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease is associated with deficiency of :
A. DNA polymerase III
B. Glucose-6-phosphatase
*C. Adenosine deaminase
D. Myeloperoxidase
E. HGPRTase
Terminal product of purine metabolism in non-primate mammals is:
A. Urea
B. Carbon dioxide and water
*C. Allantoin
D. Ammonia
E. Uric acid
An oncological patient was administered methotrexate. With the lapse of time the target cells of the tumour lost
sensitivity to the preparation. We can observe changes in the gene expression of the following enzyme:
A. Thiaminase
B. Desaminase
C. Folate oxidase
*D. Dihydrofolate reductase
E. Folate decarboxylase
The UMP degradation in human tissues is associated with formation of:
A. Beta-aminoisobutyric acid
*B. Beta-alanine
C. Inosinic acid
D. Aspartic acid
E. Uric acid
The terminal product of purine nucleotides catabolic pathways in humans is:
A. Beta-aminoisobutyric acid
*B. Uric acid
C. Pyruvate
D. Oxaloacetate
E. Beta-alanine
Children with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome have a severe form of hyperuricemia accompanied by the formation of tophi,
urate calculi in the urinary tracts, as well as serious neuro-psychiatric disorders. The cause of this disease is the
reduced activity of the following enzyme:
A. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
B. Xanthine oxidase
C. Dihydrofolate reductase
*D. Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
E. Thymidylate synthase
Point out the amino acid used both in AMP and UMP de novo synthesis:
A. Glutamic acid
B. Inosinic acid
C. Glycine
*D. Aspartic acid
E. Alanine
Point out the vitamin that is actively used in the purine and pyrimidine nucleotide de novo syntheses:
*A. Folic acid
B. Pangamic acid
C. Pantothenic acid
D. Linolenic acid
E. Ascorbic acid
A doctor administered allopurinol to a 26-year-old young man with the symptoms of gout. What pharmacological
action of allopurinol ensures therapeutical effect?
A. By general analgetic effect
B. By inhibiting of leucocyte migration into the joint
C. By increasing of uric acid excretion
D. By general anti-inflammatory effect
*E. By inhibiting of uric acid formation
Allopurinol is a drug used in the gout treatment. Point out the enzyme of purine nucleotide metabolism that is
inhibited by it:
A. 5’-nucleotidase
B. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase
*C. Xanthine oxidase
D. Phosphoribosyl aminotransferase
E. Adenosine deaminase
It was found out that some compounds for instance fungi toxins and some antibiotics can inhibit activity of RNApolymerase II. What process will be disturbed in eukaryotic cell in a case of inhibition of this enzyme?
A. Processing
B. Replication
C. Reparation
D. Translation
*E. Transcription
Which of the following is an example of a reverse transcriptase?
A. Helicase
B. RNA Polymerase
C. DNA Polymerase
D. Gyrase
*E. Telomerase
Okazaki fragment is:
*A. DNA fragment with RNA head
B. RNA fragment
C. DNA fragment
D. None
E. RNA fragment with DNA head
Methotrexate (structural analogue of the folic acid which is competitive inhibitor of the dihydrofolatreductase) is
prescribed for treatment of the malignant tumour. On which level does methotrexate hinder synthesis of the nucleic
acids?
*A. Mononucleotide synthesis
B. Replication
C. Processing
D. Transcription
E. Reparation
Poly (A) tail of eukaryotic m-RNA is translated into:
A. Polyglycine
B. Polymethionine
*C. Polylysine
D. Polyproline
E. Polyalanine
Replication and transcription are similar processes mechanistic terms because both:
A. Use DNA polymerase III
B. Are semi conserved events
*C. Involve phosphodiester bond formation with elongation occurring in the 5’-3’ direction
D. Use deoxyribonucleotides as precursors
E. Use RNA primers for initiation
An experiment proved that UV-radiated cells of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum restore the native DNA
structure slower than cells of healthy individuals as a result of reparation enzyme defection. What enzyme helps
this process?
A. Primase
B. DNA polymerase III
C. DNA gyrase
*D. Endonuclease
E. RNA ligase
During replication of DNA, which one of the following enzymes produces the Okazaki fragments?
*A. DNA Polymerase III
B. DNA Polymerase I
C. RNA Polymerase I
D. RNA Polymerase II
E. DNA Polymerase II
In some regions of South Africa there is a spread sickle-shaped cell anemia, in which erythrocytes have shape od a
sickle as a result of substitution of glutamine by valine in the hemoglobin molecule. What is the cause of this
disease?
A. Disturbance of mechanisms of genetic information realization
B. Crossingover
C. Transduction
D. Genomic mutations
*E. Gene mutation
Xeroderma pigmentosum is produced as a result of a defect in:
A. DNA ligase
B. DNA polymerase I
*C. DNA exonuclease
D. DNA polymerase III
E. DNA polymerase II
Restriction enzymes which have revolutionized the field of genetic engineering have been found in:
A. Viruses
B. Animals
*C. Bacteria
D. Plants
E. Humans
One of the following mutations is potentially lethal. Point out it:
A. Substitution of adenine for cytosine
B. Substitution of guanine for cytosine
C. Transvertion
D. Substitution of methylcytosine for cytosine
*E. Insertion of one base
In mammals, DNA synthesis occurs in which part of the cell cycle:
A. G0 phase
*B. S phase
C. G1 phase
D. M phase
E. G2 phase
DNA without introns is:
A. Nuclear DNA
B. C DNA
C. Z DNA
D. B DNA
*E. Mitochondrial DNA
Okazaki fragments are formed during the synthesis of:
A. Leading strand of DNA
B. rRNA
*C. Legging strand of DNA
D. tRNA
E. mRNA
Which of the following is not a post transcriptional modification of RNA?
A. Splicing
B. None of the above
*C. Glycosylation
D. 3’-polyadenylation
E. 5’-capping
Excessive ultraviolet radiation is harmful to life. The damage caused to the biological systems by ultraviolet
radiation is by:
A. Deamination of DNA
*B. Formation of thymidine dimmers
C. Inhibition of DNA synthesis
D. Ionization
E. DNA fragmentation
The sigma subunit of prokaryotic RNA polymerase:
A. Specifically recognizes the operator site
B. Binds the antibiotic rifampicin
*C. Specifically recognizes the promoter site
D. Is inhibited by Alpha-amanitin
E. Is part of the core enzyme
Which of the following step is not a part of Polymerase Chain Reaction:
A. Primer construction
*B. Use of restriction endonucleases which leave double stranded DNA
C. Denature of DNA
D. Use of restriction endonucleases which leave single stranded DNA
E. Chain extension by DNA polymerase and deoxyribonucleoside
RNA-polymerase B (II) is blocked due to amanitin poisoning (poison of death-cup). What process is disturbed:
*A. Synthesis of m-RNA
B. Primer synthesis
C. Synthesis of t-RNA
D. Reverse transcription
E. Maturation of m-RNA
Which one of the following is the function of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (SnRNP)?
A. Termination of protein synthesis
B. Initiation of protein synthesis
*C. Processing of RNA
D. Activation of amino acids
E. Replication of DNA
Transcription is inhibited by:
*A. Amanitin
B. Puromycin
C. Chloramphenicol
D. Streptomycin
E. Sulfonylamide
RNA that contains AIDS virus penetrated into a leukocyte and by means of reverse transcriptase forced a cell to
synthesize a viral DNA. This process is based upon:
A. Reverse translation
B. Convariant replication
C. Operon repression
*D. Reverse transcription
E. Operon depression
Choose the main place for r-RNA production:
*A. Nucleolus
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Ribosome
D. Cytoplasm
E. Nucleus
Choose the inhibitor of DNA synthesis from following list:
A. Tetracycline
B. Penicillin
*C. Actinomycin
D. Chloramphenicol
E. Polymyxins
What does restriction endonuclease cleave?
A. Nucleoside
B. Single stranded RNA
*C. Double stranded DNA
D. Polypeptide
E. Single stranded DNA
What is the average number of high energy bonds required for the synthesis of 1 peptide bond:
A. _5
B. _1
*C. _4
D. _2
E. _3
Amino acid with a single codon is:
A. Alanine
B. Phenylalanine
*C. Tryptophan
D. Threonine
E. Tyrosine
All stated below are true about the genetic code except one. Choose it:
*A. Punctuation is present
B. Universal
C. Degenerate
D. Non overlapping
E. High specific
All amino acids are translated except one. Point out it:
A. Alanine
B. Tyrosine
C. Proline
D. Threonine
*E. Hydroxyproline
Leucine zipper motif is a mediator for:
A. Membrane attack complexes
B. Cyclic GMP
C. Cyclic AMP
*D. Binding of regulatory proteins to DNA
E. Ligand membranes
You are studying functioning of a bacteria operon. The operator gene has been released from the repressor.
Immediately after his the following process will start in the sell:
A. Processing
B. Translation
C. Repression
D. Replication
*E. Transcription
Point out the chemical nature of gene:
A. Glycoprotein
B. Chromoprotein
C. The fragment of Ribonucleic acid
D. Lipoprotein
*E. The fragment of Deoxyribonucleic acid
Following organelles are involved in the formation of N-glycosylated product:
A. Nucleolus
B. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Ribosomes
D. Peroxisomes
*E. Golgi apparatus
In the DNA molecule the coding region reads 5’-CGT- 3’. This would code in the RNA as:
A. 5’-GCA-3’
B. 5’-GCU-3’
*C. 5’-CGU-3’
D. 5’-UCG-3’
E. 5’-ACG-3’
Amber codon refers to:
A. Initiating codon
B. Codon for Alanine
C. Codon for more than one amino acid
D. Mutant codon
*E. Stop codon
CAP (Catabolite active gene protein) in Lac operon is an example of:
A. Attenuation
B. Negative regulator of transcription
*C. Positive regulator of transcription
D. Regulatory region of DNA
E. Constitutive expression
Minor base in t-RNA is:
A. Orotic acid
B. Adenine
*C. Dihydrouracil
D. Cystine
E. Methyl xanthine
Infection diseases are treated with antibiotics (streptomycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol). They inhibit the
following stage of protein synthesis:
A. Transcription
B. Processing
C. Replication
*D. Translation
E. Splicing
Choose the substance that can stimulate LAC-operon expression in E.coli:
*A. Lactose
B. Mannose
C. Fructose
D. Glucose
E. Sucrose
The degeneration of the genetic code is explained therefore:
A. Each amino acid is coded for one triplet, only
B. “Punctuation marks” are absent in the genetic code
*C. Two or more triplets may be for one amino acid
D. The Code is single for all biologic systems
E. Genetic Code is composed of various triplets
Choose a codon composition from following list:
A. 2 complementary base pairs
B. 4 complementary base pairs on RNA
C. 2 individual nucleotides
*D. 3 individual nucleotides
E. 4 individual nucleotides
Regarding сytosolic eukaryotic translation false is:
*A. N-formyl -methionyl-tRNA will be the first to come into action
B. eIF2 shifts between GDP & GTP
C. The ribozime peptidyltransferase catalyses the formation of peptide bond
D. Releasing factor releases the polypeptide chain from the P site
E. Capping helps in attachment of mRNA to 40 S Ribosome
The primary role of chaperones is to help in:
*A. Protein folding
B. Protein degradation
C. None
D. Protein denaturation
E. Protein synthesis
The two energy rich compounds utilized for protein biosynthesis are:
*A. ATP and GTP
B. GTP and UTP
C. ATP and UTP
D. ATP and CTP
E. ATP and TTP
A mutation in the codon which causes a change in the coded amino acid, is known as
A. Somatic mutation
*B. Missense mutation
C. Recombination
D. Mutagenesis
E. Chromosomal inversions
At the stage of translation in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the ribosome moves along the mRNA. Amino acids
are joined together by peptide bonds in a specific sequence, and thus polypeptide synthesis takes place. The
sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide corresponds to the sequence of:
A. rRNA nucleotides
B. tRNA anticodons
C. tRNA nucleotides
D. rRNA anticodons
*E. mRNA codons
In E.coli structural gene of LAC operon is stimulated in:
A. Presence of lactose only
B. Presence of glucose and absence of lactose
C. Presence of glucose only
*D. Presence of lactose and absence of glucose
E. Presence of galactose only
Metabolic product of epinephrine inactivation excreted in urine is:
A. Dopamine
B. Nor metanephrine
C. Estrone
*D. Metanephrine
E. Androstenedione
All are secondary messenger except:
A. Diacylglycerol
*B. mRNA
C. Calcium
D. cAMP
E. Phosphatidyl inositol triphosphate
Adenylate cyclase enzyme is inhibited by:
A. Calcitonin
B. Epinephrine
C. Nor-epinephrine
*D. Somatostatin
E. Thyroxine
Point out the chemical nature of hormone receptors:
A. Lipids
B. Nucleic acids
*C. Proteins
D. Vitamins
E. Carbohydrates
Nor-epinephrine is converted to epinephrine by:
*A. N-methylation
B. S-methylation
C. DOPA-decarboxylase
D. O-methylation
E. Dopamine hydroxylase
Insulin mediated glucose uptake in myocyte is through:
A. GLUT 3
*B. GLUT 4
C. GLUT 2
D. GLUT 5
E. GLUT 1
A patient suffering from pheochromocytoma complains of thirst, dry mouth, hunger. Blood test for sugar revealed
hyperglycemia. What type of hyperglycemia is it?
A. Somatotropic
B. Hypercorticoid
C. Alimentary
D. Hypoinsulinemic
*E. Adrenal
For which hormone is cGMP secondary messenger?
A. Thyroxine
*B. Atrial natriuretic peptide
C. Growth hormone
D. Epinephrine
E. Cortisone
Which of the following acts via cAMP
A. All positions are correct
B. Testosterone
*C. LH
D. Estrogen
E. Thyroxine
Tissue inositol triphosphate is generated as a result of the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate hydrolysis and act as
secondary agent (mediator) in the mechanism of hormone action. It`s effect in cells is directed at:
A. Protein kinase A activation
B. Adenylate cyclase activation
C. Protein kinase A inhibition
D. Phosphodiesterase inhibition
*E. Calcium ion liberation from cellular deport
Which of the following acts through tyrosine kinase receptor?:
A. Follicle stimulating hormone
*B. Insulin
C. Epinephrine
D. Growth gormone
E. Glucagon
Find out the feature of releasing factors (RF) structure:
A. RF are glycoproteins
B. RF are simple proteins with quaternary structure
*C. RF are short peptides
D. RF are amino acid derivatives
E. Both of RF contain sialic acid
Which of the following acts on nuclear receptor:
A. Glucagon
*B. Estrogen
C. Growth hormone
D. Epinephrine
E. TSH
Thyroxine and catecholamine are derived from:
A. Tryptophan
*B. Tyrosine
C. Alanine
D. Leucine
E. Isoleucine
The formation of a secondary mediator is obligatory in membrane-intracellular mechanism of hormone action. Point
out the substance that is unable to be a secondary mediator:
A. Ca2+
B. Diacylglycerol
C. Inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate
D. cAMP
*E. Glycerol
Try to name a small Ca<sup>2+</sup>binding protein that modifies the activity of many enzymes and other
proteins in response to changes of Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration.
A. Collagen
*B. Calmodulin
C. Cycline
D. Kinesin
E. Elastin
Name a membrane bound enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP:
A. Lactate dehydrogenase
B. RNA polymerase
*C. Adenylate cyclase
D. ATP synthase
E. Tyrosine kinase
Which of the following belongs to steroid superfamily
A. ACTH
B. Epinephrine
C. Growth hormone
*D. Calcitriol
E. Insulin
Which of the following hormone mechanism of action is associated with cyclic AMP formation in a target cell?
A. Atrial natriuretic peptide
*B. Vasopressin
C. Aldosterone
D. Angiotensinogen I
E. Renin
The following hormone does not have any intracellular receptor:
A. Aldosterone
*B. Adrenaline
C. Calcitriol
D. Thyroxine
E. Cortisol
Adenylate Cyclase is activated of :
*A. GTP-dependant regulatory protein
B. Nuclear receptor
C. Membrane receptor
D. Phosphodiesterase
E. cAMP
Which of the following substances acts to increase the release of Ca<sup>2+</sup>from endoplasmic reticulum in
muscular cell?
A. Parathyroid hormone
B. 1,25-dihydroxy cholecalciferol
C. Diacylglycerol
D. Monoacylglycerol
*E. Inositol triphosphate
Find out the type of activity that is considered for insulin-receptor complex function in the intracellular space of
target cell:
*A. Tyrosine kinase activity
B. Similar to Phospholipase C activity
C. cAMP-dependent proteinkinase activity
D. Tyrosine aminotransferase activity
E. cAMP-dependent polymerase activity
Which of the following is present intracellulary in muscular cells:
A. Insulin
B. Nor-epinephrine
*C. Corticosteroid
D. Epinephrine
E. Glucagon
Testosterone and its analogs increase the mass of skeletal muscles that allows to use them for treatment of
dystrophy. Due to interaction of the hormone with what cell substrate is this action caused?
A. Membrane receptors
*B. Nuclear receptors
C. Proteins-activators of transcription
D. Ribosomes
E. Chromatin
Point out the most important function of androgens in muscles:
A. To inhibit lipogenesis
*B. To stimulate protein synthesis
C. To stimulate lipolysis
D. To stimulate protein degradation
E. To stimulate muscular contraction
The patient with complaints of permanent thirst applied to the doctor. Hyperglycemia, polyuria and increased
concentration of 17-ketosteroids in the urine were revealed. What disease is the most likely in patient?
A. Glycogen storage disease type I
B. Myxedema
*C. Steroidal subtype of diabetes mellitus
D. Insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus
E. Addison`s disease
A 19-year old male was found to have an elevated level of potassium in the secondary urine. These changes might
have been caused by the increase in the following hormone level:
*A. Aldosterone
B. Adrenalin
C. Oxytocin
D. Testosterone
E. Glucagon
To prevent the transplant rejection after organ transplantation it is required to administer hormonotherapy for the
purpose of immunosuppression. What hormones are used for this purpose?
A. Thyroid
B. Mineralocorticoids
C. Sexual hormones
D. Catecholamines
*E. Glucocorticoids
A 19-year-old female suffers from tachycardia in rest condition, weight loss, excessive sweating, exophtalmos and
irritability. What hormone would you expect to find elevated in her serum?
A. ACTH
B. Insulin
C. Cortisol
D. Mineralocorticoids
*E. Thyroxine
A 4 year old child with hereditary renal lesion has signs of rickets, vitamin D concentration in blood is normal. What
is the most probable cause of rickets development?
A. Hypofunction of parathyroid glands
B. Inreased excretion of calcium
C. Lack of calcium in food
D. Hyperfunction of parathyroid glands
*E. Impaired synthesis of calcitriol
Steroid-receptor complex binds to a specific region on DNA through:
A. Leucine zipper motif
*B. Zinc finger motif
C. Histidine
D. Helix turn helix
E. Histone
A 2 y.o child has convulsions as a result of reduced concentration of calcium ions in the blood plasma. It is caused
by the reduced function of:
A. Adrenal cortex
B. Thymus
C. Hypophysis
*D. Parathyroid glands
E. Pineal gland
The biochemical research of the patient's blood confirmed the hypoglycemia, abnormally high potassium
concentration and low sodium concentration. Point out the hormones whose secretion is violated:
A. Calcitonin
B. All the hormones from anterior lobe of pituitary gland
C. Thyroid hormones T3, T4
*D. Glucocorticoids, aldosterone
E. Insulin
Biochemical abnormalities in primary hyperparathyroidism is the change in the blood plasma:
A. Decrease calcium, decrease phosphate B. Increase calcium, increase phosphate
C. None of the proposed
D. Decrease calcium, increase phosphate
*E. Increase calcium, decrease phosphate
A 46-year-old patient suffering from the diffuse toxic goiter underwent resection of the thyroid gland. After the
surgery the patient presents with appetite loss, dyspepsia, increased neuromuscular excitement. The body weight
remained unchanged. Body temperature is normal. Which of the following has caused such a condition in this
patient?
A. Increased production of thyroxin
B. Increased production of calcitonin
*C. Reduced production of thyroxin
D. Reduced production of parathormone
E. Increased production of thyroliberin
Name the precursor for calcitriol formation:
A. Linolenic acid
B. Citric acid
*C. Cholesterol
D. Stearic acid
E. Arachidonic acid
Inhabitants of territories with cold climate have high content of an adaptive thermoregulatory hormone. What
hormone is it?
A. Somatotropin
*B. Thyroxin
C. Insulin
D. Glucagon
E. Cortisol
A girl has been diagnosed with adrenogenital syndrome (pseudohermaphroditism). This pathology is caused by
hypersecretion of the following adrenal hormone:
A. Mineralocorticoids
B. Glucocorticoids
C. Estrogens
D. Catecholamines
*E. Androgens
Which of the following amino acid residues in the structure of thyroglobulin is involved in the synthesis of thyroxine?
A. Threonine
B. Cysteine
C. Methionine
D. Glycine
*E. Tyrosine
Point out the major sex hormone of luteal phase in females:
A. Cortisol
B. 17-ketosteroid
*C. Progesterone
D. Aldosterone
E. Androstenedione
A 2-year-old child experienced convulsions because of calcium ions concentration decrease in the blood plasma.
Function of what structure is decreased?
*A. Parathyroid glands
B. Thymus
C. Pineal gland
D. Adrenal cortex
E. Hypophysis
Examination of a patient revealed hyperkalaemia and hyponatraemia. Low secretion of which hormone may cause
such changes?
A. Cortisol
B. Atrial natriuretic peptide
*C. Aldosterone
D. Vasopressin
E. Parathyroid hormone
Some diseases reveal symptoms of aldosteronism with hypertension and edema due to sodium retention in the
organism. What organ of the internal secretion is affected on aldosteronism?
A. Hypophysis
B. Testicle
C. Ovaries
D. Pancreas
*E. Adrenal glands
Kidneys of a man under examination show increased reabsorption of calcium ions and decreased reabsorption of
phosphate ions. What hormone causes this phenomenon?
A. Aldosterone
B. Vasopressin
C. Thyrocalcitonin
D. Calcitriol
*E. Parathormone
A person has reduced diuresis, hypernatremia, hypokalemia. Hypersecretion of what hormone can cause such
changes?
A. Auricular sodiumuretic factor
*B. Aldosterone
C. Parathormone
D. Adrenalin
E. Vasopressin
A 44-year-old woman complains of common weakness, heart pain, increase of body weight. Objectively: moon-like
face, hirsutism, AP- 165/100 mm Hg, height -164 cm, weight -103 kg; fat is mostly accumulated in the region of
neck, upper shoulder girdle, stomach. What is the main pathogenic mechanism of obesity?
A. Decreased production of glucagon
*B. Increased production of glucocorticoids
C. Increased production of insulin
D. Decreased production of thyroid hormones
E. Increased production of mineral corticoids
The intake of oral contraceptives containing sex hormones inhibits secretion of the hypophysial hormones.
Secretion of which of the indicated hormones is inhibited while taking oral contraceptives?
A. Thyrotropic
B. Vasopressin
*C. Follicle-stimulating
D. Oxytocin
E. Somatotropic
The precursor of testosterone is:
*A. Pregnenolone
B. Methyl testosterone
C. Estrone
D. Cortisol
E. Aldosterone
Thyrotoxicosis leads to increased production of thyroidal hormones T3 and T4, weight loss, tachycardia, psychic
excitement and so on. How do thyroidal hormones influence energy metabolism in the mitochondrion of cells?
*A. Uncouple the oxidative phosphorylation
B. Stop substrate phosphorylation
C. Stop respiratory chain
D. Activate substrate phosphorylation
E. Activate oxidative phosphorylation
A patient is followed up in an endocrinological dispensary on account of hyperthyroidism. Weight loss, tachycardia,
finger tremor are accompanied with hypoxia similar symptoms – headache, fatigue, eye flicker. Find out the result
for the influence of high level of thyroid hormones on tissue respiration causing the development of hypoxia similar
symptoms:
*A. Uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation
B. Specific binding of active centers of respiratory enzymes
C. Inhibition of respiratory enzymes synthesis
D. Competitive inhibition of respiratory enzymes
E. Intensification of respiratory enzymes synthesis
Estrogen receptors are seen in:
A. Microsomes
B. Cytoplasmic membrane bound
C. Mitochondria
D. EPR rough part
*E. Nucleus
Parents of a 10 y.o. boy consulted a doctor about extension of hair-covering, growth of beard and moustache, low
voice. Intensified secretion of which hormone must be assumed?
A. Of cortisol
B. Of somatotropin
*C. Of testosterone
D. Of progesterone
E. Of oestrogen
A patient has osmotic pressure of blood plasma at the rate of 350 mOsmol/l (norm is 300 mOsmol/l). This will
cause hypersecretion of the following hormone:
A. Vasopressin
B. Adrenocorticotropin
C. Aldosterone
*D. Natriuretic
E. Cortisol
Hypocalciemia can be caused by the violation of one hormone secretion. Point out this hormone:
A. Thyroxine
*B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Aldosterone
D. Somatotropic hormone
E. Corticotropic hormone
A 32-year-old female patient was consulted a doctor about the absence of lactation after parturition. Such disorder
might be explained by the deficit of the following hormone:
A. Glucagon
*B. Prolactin
C. Calcitonin
D. Vasopressin
E. Somatotropin
People adapted to high external temperatures have such pecularity: profuse sweating isn’t accompanied by loss of
large volumes of sodium chloride. This is caused by the effect of the following hormone upon the respiratory
glands:
*A. Aldosterone
B. Vasopressin
C. Thyroxin
D. Cortisol
E. Natriuretic
The Simple goiter (enlarged thyroid) may be caused by:
A. Production of thyroid-stimulating IgG
B. Uncontrolled production of T3 and T4
*C. Iodide deficiency
D. Excessive intake of exogenous TSH
E. Decrease of TSH secretion
A patient with the signs of osteoporosis and urobithiasis has been admitted to the endocrinology department. Blood
test revealed hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. These changes are associated with abnormal synthesis of
the following hormone:
A. Calcitriol
B. Calcitonin
C. Cortisol
*D. Parathyroid hormone
E. Aldosterone
In hypothyroidism the following type of hyperlipoproteinemia (according Fridricson E. classification) is evident:
A. Type I
*B. Type IV
C. Type III
D. Type II
E. Type V
Periodic renal colics attacks are observed in a woman with primary hyperparathyroidizm. Ultrasonic examination
revealed small stones in the kidneys. What is the most plausible reason of the stones's formation?
*A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyperuricemia
C. Hypercholesterinemia
D. Hyperphosphatemia
E. Hyperkalemia
Choose the hormone whose secretion is suppressed at diabetes insipidus in patient:
*A. Vasopressin
B. Somatotropin
C. Thyrotropin
D. Melatonin
E. Oxytocin
A 60-year old patient with a long history of stenocardia takes coronarodilator agents. He has also been
administrated acetylsalicylic acid to reduce platelet aggregation. What is the mechanism of anti-platelet action of
acetylsalicylic acid?
A. It has membrane stabilizing effect
B. It reduces the activity of phosphodiesterase
C. It enhances the synthesis of prostacyclin
*D. It reduces the activity of cyclooxygenase
E. It enhances the activity of platelet adenylate cyclase
A patient has been administrated an anti-inflammatory drug that blocks the action of cyclooxygenase. Specify this
anti-inflammatory agent:
A. Analgene
B. Thiamin
*C. Aspirin
D. Creatine
E. Allopurinol
Acromegaly in patient is associated with excessive synthesis of a hormone:
A. Thyrotropin
B. Melatonin
*C. Somatotropin
D. Oxytocin
E. Vasopressin
Utilization of arachidonic acid via cyclooxygenase pathway results in formation of some bioactive substances.
Name them:
A. Biogenic amines
B. Insulin-like growth factors
C. T3 and T4
D. Somatomedins
*E. Prostaglandins
All increases serum glucose except:
A. Cortisol
B. Nor-epinephrine
C. Glucagon
D. Epinephrine
*E. Vasopressin
A patient who suffers from pneumonia has high body temperature. What biologically active substances play the
leading part in origin of this phenomenon?
A. Interleukin
*B. Leukotrienes
C. Serotonin
D. Histamine
E. Bradykinin
A man after 1,5 liter blood loss has suddenly reduced diuresis. The increased secretion of what hormone caused
this diuresis alteration?
A. Cortisol
B. Corticotrophin
*C. Vasopressin
D. Parathormone
E. Natriuretic
There is only one hormone among neurohormones which refers to the derivatives of amino acids according to
classification. Point out it:
A. Oxytocin
B. Thyroliberin
C. Vasopressin
D. Somatotropin
*E. Melatonin
Hyperpigmentation is considered at patients with Addison`s disease. Propose the hormone whose high level in the
blood can cause this state:
A. ACTH
*B. MSH
C. Prolactin
D. FSH
E. TSH
A patient who had been continuously taking drugs blocking the production of angiotensin II developed bradycardia
and arrhythmia. A likely cause of these disorders is:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypernatremia
*C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypocalcemia
E. Hypercalcemia
A middle-aged man went to a foreign country because he had been offered a job there. However he had been
unemployed for quite a long time. What endocrine glands were exhausted most of all in this man?
*A. Adrenal glands
B. Parathyroid glands
C. Substernal gland
D. Seminal glands
E. Thyroid gland
Products of some proteins hydrolysis and modification are the biologically active substances called hormones.
Lipotropin, corticotrophin, melanotropin and endorphins are synthesized in the hypophysis of the following protein:
*A. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
B. Neuroalbumin
C. Neurostromin
D. Thyroglobulin
E. Neuroglobulin
Examination of a patient revealed overgrowth of facial bones and soft tissues, tongue enlargement, wide
interdental spaces in the enlarged dental arch. What changes of the hormonal secretion are the most likely?
A. Hyposecretion of thyroxine
B. Hypersecretion of insulin
*C. Hypersecretion of the somatotropic hormone
D. Hyposecretion of insulin
E. Hyposecretion of the somatotropic hormone
Which of the following compound antagonizes the actions of insulin in the liver?
A. Neuropeptide Y
B. Neuropeptide A
*C. Growth hormone
D. Substance P
E. Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Secretion of what gastrointestinal hormones will be primarily decreased as a result of duodenum removal?
A. Histamine
B. Gastrin and histamine
C. Neurotensin
D. Gastrin
*E. Cholecystokinin and secretin
A 26-year old woman at 40 weeks pregnant has been delivered to the maternity ward. Objectively: the uterine
cervix is opened, but the contractions are absent. The doctor has administrated her a hormonal drug to stimulate
the labor. Name this drug:
A. Testosterone
*B. Oxytocin
C. ACTH
D. Estrone
E. Hydrocortisone
For glucose entry into the cells, insulin is required in all cells except that of:
A. Renal medulla
*B. Red Blood Cells
C. Liver
D. Pancreas
E. Heart
Insulin stimulates all the processes except:
A. Lipogenesis
*B. Gluconeogenesis
C. Glycolysis
D. Glycogen synthesis
E. Hexose monophosphate shunt
Which compound does not inhibit platelet aggregation?
A. Bufferin
B. Benoxaprofen
C. Prostacyclin
D. Aspirin
*E. Thromboxane A2
Prostaglandin synthesis is partially switched off by:
*A. Cyclooxygenase inhibition
B. Peroxidase
C. Reductase activation
D. HMP reductase
E. Lipoxygenase inhibition
Deficiency of linoleic and linolenic acids in the body leads to the skin damage, hear loss, delayed wound healing,
thrombocytopenia, low resistance to infections. These changes are most likely to be caused by impaired synthesis
of the following substance:
A. Interleukins
*B. Eicosanoids
C. Catecholamines
D. Corticosteroids
E. Interferons
Choose the true about prostaglandins:
A. Present in many tissues
*B. All are true
C. Synthesized from arachidonic acid
D. Short acting
E. Some require cAMP for their action
Choose the condition for stimulation of glucagon secretion by pancreas:
A. High levels of pyruvic acid in the blood
*B. Low levels of glucose in the blood
C. High levels of calcium ions in the blood
D. Low levels of calcium in the blood
E. Low levels of glucocorticoids in the blood
As a result of home injury, a patient suffered a significant blood loss, which led to a fall in blood pressure. Rapid
blood pressure recovery after the blood loss is provided by the following hormones:
*A. Adrenalin, vasopressin
B. Aldosterone
C. Sex hormones
D. Oxytocin
E. Cortisol
A 32-year-old female patient consulted a doctor about the absence of lactation after parturition. Such disorder
might be explained by the deficit of the following hormone:
A. Vasopressin
B. Glucagon
C. Somatotropin
D. Thyrocalcitonin
*E. Prolactin
Insulin increases the activities of all of the following enzymes, EXCEPT
A. Glycogen synthase
B. Proteinkinase C
C. Glucokinase
D. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
*E. Pyruvate carboxylase
Which of the following is anabolic hormone:
A. Aldosterone
B. Somatostatin
C. Epinephrine
*D. Insulin
E. Glucagon
What pituitary gland hormone secretion will be inhibited in female after taking the oral contraceptives containing
sex hormones?
A. Oxytocin
B. Vasopressin
*C. Gonadotropin
D. Thyroid stimulating hormone
E. Growth hormone
The shortest peptide in this list is:
A. Oxytocin
*B. Encephalin
C. Vasopressin
D. Angiotensin II
E. Glucagon
Name the factor of protein nature produced by T- or B-lymphocytes at viral infections in patients:
*A. Interferon gamma
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Calcitonin
D. Calmodulin
E. Calcitriol
Insulin causes lipogenesis by all except:
A. Increasing the rate of glucose transport into the cells
B. Decreasing the intracellular cAMP level
C. Increasing acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity
D. Activation of phosphodiesterase
*E. Inhibiting of pyruvate dehydrogenase
Prostaglandin is a product of:
*A. Cyclooxygenase system
B. Complement system
C. Lipooxygenase system
D. Hydrogen peroxide myeloperoxidase halogen system
E. A type of vasoactive system
During cell division, DNA replication occurs by a signal from the cytoplasm, and a certain pertion of the DNA helix
unwinds and splits into two individual strains. What enzyme facilitates this process?
*A. Helicase
B. Restrictase
C. RNA polymerase
D. DNA polymerase
E. Ligase
A patient with signs of osteoporosis and urolithiasis has been admitted to the endocrinology department. Blood test
has revealed hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. These changes are associated with abnormal synthesis of
the following hormone:
A. Cortisol
B. Calcitriol
C. Calcitonin
D. Aldosterone
*E. Parathyroid hormone
Feces of the patient contain high amount of undissociated fats and have grayish-white color. Specify the cause of
this phenomenon:
A. Enteritis
B. Hypovitaminosis
*C. Obturation of bile duct
D. Hypoactivation of pepsin by hydrochloric acid
E. Irritation of intestinal epithelium
Patients with erythropoietic porphyria (Gunther’s disease) have teeth that fluoresce with bright red color when
subjected to ulraviolet radiation; their skin is light-sensitive, urine is red-colored. What enzyme can cause this
desease, when it is deficient?
A. Uroporphyrinogen decarbozylase
B. Uroporphyrinogen I synthase
*C. Uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase
D. Delta-aminolevulinate synthase
E. Ferrochelatase
A patient has been admitted to the contagious isolation ward with signs of jaundice caused by hepatitis virus.
Which of the symptoms given below is strictly specific for hepatocellular jaundice?
A. Urobilinuria
B. Bilirubinuria
C. Cholemia
*D. Increase of ALT, AST levels
E. Heperbilirubinemia
A 41-year-old male patient has a history of recurrent attacks of heartbeats (paroxysms), profuse sweating,
headaches, Examination reveled hypertension, hyperglycemia, increased basal metabolic rate, and tachycardia.
These clinical presentations are typical for the following adrenal pathology:
A. Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex
*B. Hyperfunction of adrenal medulla
C. Hypofunction of adrenal medulla
D. Primaty aldosteronism
E. Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex
Pancreas is known as a missed gland. Endocrine functions include production of insulin by beta cells. This
hormone affects the metabolism of carbohydrates. What is its effect upon the activity of glycogen phosphorylase
(GP) and glycogen synthase (GS)?
A. It does not affect the activity of GP and GS
*B. It suppresses GP and stimulates GS
C. It stimulates both GP and GS
D. It suppresses both GP and GS
E. It stimulates GP and suppresses GS