MODULE IV
DEMOGRAPHY
Jeannette Cruz, RMT, MSMT
WHAT IS DEMOGRAPHY?
• Demography is the study of a population in its static and
dynamic aspects.
• Static aspects include characteristics such as:
• Age
• Gender
• Race
• Dynamic aspects include characteristics such as:
• Fertility
• Mortality
DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
• The study of components of
variation and change in
demographic variables and
the relationships between
them.
POPULATION STUDIES
• The study of the
relationships between
demographic variables and
other variables such as
social and economic
variables.
DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS
• Mortality rate
• Morbidity rate
• Disability rate
• Nutritional status indicators
• Health delivery indicators
• Utlitization rate
• Social and mental health indicators
• Environment indicators
• Socieconomic indicators
• Health Policy indicators
TOOLS OF DEMOGRAPHY
1. Count - The absolute number of a population or any
demographic event occurring in a specified area in a
specified time period.
2. Rate - The frequency of demographic events in
population during a specified time period divided by the
population ―at risk of the event occurring during that time
period.
3. Ratio - The relation of one population subgroup to the
total population or to another subgroup; that is, one
subgroup divided by another.
TOOLS OF DEMOGRAPHY
4. Proportion- The relation of a population subgroup to the
entire population; that is, a population subgroup divided by
the entire population.
5. Constant - An unchanging, arbitrary number by which
rates, ratios, or proportions can be multiplied to express
these measures in a more understandable fashion.
6. Cohort measure - A statistic that measures events
occurring to a COHORT (a group of people sharing a
common demographic experience) who are observed
through time.
TOOLS OF DEMOGRAPHY
7. Period Measure - a statistic that measures events
occurring to all or part of a population during one period of
time
POPULATION
COMPOSITION
A structure based on gender,
race or other factors that can
be inserted to.
Best presented in graphical
format.
POPULATION
COMPOSITION
A structure based on gender,
race or other factors that can
be inserted to.
Best presented in graphical
format.
HEALTH INDICATORS
• These are used when changes cannot be measured
directly, as for example health or nutritional status.
• If measured sequentially over time, these can indicate the
direction and speed of change and serves to compare
different areas and groups of people at the same moment
in time.
VITAL STATISTICS
• It is a branch of biometry which deals with data and the
law of human mortality, morbidity and demography.
• These are collected, compiled and then analyzed.
Sources of Population Data
1. Census
2. Sample Registration Survey
3. Registration of live events
4. Institutional records
CENSUS
• The total process of collecting, compiling and publishing
demographic, economic and social data pertaining at a
specified time or times, to all persons in a country or
delimited territory.
• It has a ten year interval
TYPES OF CENSUS
• De facto Census - “In fact, whether by right or not” The
method is to list all the persons present in the household or
other living quarters at midnight of the census day or all who
passed the night there.
• De jure Census - “by right” All persons who usually live in
the household are listed on the form whether they are
present or not. Visitors who have a usual residence
elsewhere are excluded from the listing but are counted at
their usual residence.
• Modern Census - Each individual is enumerated separately,
and characteristics of each person are recorded separately.
The census covers a precisely defined territory and includes
every person present or residing within its scope, defined
reference period. This census is taken at regular intervals.
QUALITIES OF HEALTH INDICATORS
1. Valid - They should measure what they are supposed to
measure
2. Reliable - The answers should be the same if measured
by different people in similar circumstances.
3. Sensitive
4. Specific - These should reflect changes only in the
situation concerned
5. Feasible - These should have the ability to obtain data
needed
6. Relevant - These should contribute to the understanding
of the phenomenon