References
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Allan Affuah & Christopher Tucci, Internet Business Models
and Strategies
Feather, Frank (2000), Future Consumer.com; the Webolution
of Shopping to 2010, Warwick Publishing, Toronto
Kenneth Laudon & Jane Laudon, Essentials of Management
Information Systems
Kountur, Ronny (1996), Dasar-Dasar Sistem Informasi
Manajemen, Dinastindo, Jakarta
McLeod, Raymond Jr. (1995), Management Information
Systems: A Study of Computer-Based Information Systems,
Prentice Hall International, New Jersey
T. Lucey, Management Information Systems
Turban, E. (2002), Electronic Commerce 2002: A Managerial
Perspective (2nd Edition)
Internet
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 8/E
Raymond McLeod, Jr. and George Schell
Chapter 1
Introduction to the Computer-Based
Information System
1-2
Copyright 2001 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Information Management
Information:
The most valuable resource
1-3
Five Main Resources
Personnel
 Material
 Machines

– (including facilities and energy)
Money
 Information (and data)

}
}
Physical
Conceptual
1-4
How Resources are Managed






Diperoleh
Dirangkai
Digunakan secara maksimal
Diganti
Disimpan
Dihancurkan
1-5
Factors Stimulating Interest in
Information Management

Increasing complexity of business activity
–
–
–
–

Ekonomi internasional
Kompetisi global
Kemajuan iptek
Batasan sosial
Improved computer capabilities
– Size
– Speed
1-6
Who are the Users?
 Manajer
 Non
manajer
 Individu & organisasi dalam suatu
lingkungan perusahaan
1-7
The Influence of Management
Level on Information Source
Strategic planning level
Environmental
Management control level
Operational control level
Internal
1-8
The Influence of Management
Level on Information Form
Strategic planning level
Summary
Management control level
Operational control level
Detail
1-9
Managers Can Be Found on All
Levels and in All Functional
Areas of the Firm
Strategic planning level
Management Control Level
Operational Control
Level
Finance
Function
Human
Resources
Function
Information
Services
Function
Manufacturing
Function
Marketing
Function
1-10
What Managers do -Fayol’s Functions
Strategic
Management
Operational
Planning Level
Control Level
Control Level
Plan
Direct
Organize
Control
Plan
Control
Staff
Organize
Direct
Staff
Control
Direct
Staff
Organize
Plan
1-11
What Managers do -Mintzberg’s Roles

Interpersonal roles
– Figurehead
– Leader
– Liaison

Informational roles
– Monitor
– Disseminator
– Spokesperson

Decisional roles
– Entrepreneur
– Disturbance
handler
– Resource allocator
– Negotiator
1-12
Management Skills


Communications
Problem solving
}
How can an
information
specialist help?
1-13
Problem Solving
Business Meals
Tours
Voice Mail
Written Media
Telephone
Internal Sources
Unscheduled Meetings
Scheduled Meetings
Periodicals
Electronic mail
Letters & Memos
Noncomputer reports
Computer Reports
Problem Solving Information
Comes in Many Forms
External Sources
Oral Media
1-14
Management Knowledge

Computer literacy

Information literacy

What’s the difference?
1-15
Computer Literacy
Pengetahuan tentang komputer
 Memahami terminologi komputer
 Mengenal keunggulan dan kelemahan
komputer
 Mampu menggunakan komputer

Information Literacy
Kelanjutan pengetahuan tentang komputer
 Harus dimiliki oleh manajer modern
 Meliputi:

– Pemahaman untuk menggunakan komputer
pada setiap langkah dalam proses penyelesaian
masalah
– Di mana informasi dapat diperoleh?
System Components
Component parts of a system that can
control its own operations
Objectives
Control
mechanism
Input
Transformation
Output
1-18
Open-Loop System
Input
Transformation
Output
1-19
Open versus Closed Systems

Open system
– Connected to its environment by means of
resource flows

Closed system
– Not connected to its environment
1-20
Systems
Can Be Composed of Subsystems or Elemental Parts
System
Subsystem A
Subsystem B
Subsystem A-1
Subsystem B-1
Subsystem A-2
Subsystem B-2
Subsystem A-3
Elemental
part B1
Elemental
Part C
1-21
Physical and Conceptual Systems

Physical system
– The business firm
– Composed of physical resources

Conceptual system
– Represents a physical system
– Uses conceptual resources
» Information
» Data
1-22
A Systems View

Aktivitas bisnis tidak dapat dilepaskan dari latar
lingkungan yang lebih besar
–
–
–
–
–
Kurangi kompleksitas
Memerlukan sasaran yang baik
Menekankan kerja sama
Menyadari adanya interkoneksi
Umpan balik nilai-nilai
1-23
Data and Information

Information processor
–
–
–
–

Key element in the conceptual system
Computer
Noncomputer
Combination
Data is the raw material transformed into
information
1-24
The CBIS Model
Computer-based
Information System
(CBIS)
Accounting
Information System
Problem
Decisions
Information
Management
Information System
Decision Support
Systems
Problem
Solution
The Virtual
Office
Knowledge-based
Systems
1-25
Information Services
Information specialists have
full-time responsibility for
developing and maintaining
computer-based systems
1-26
Traditional Communication Chain
Database
Administrator
User
Systems
Analyst
Programmer
Operator
Computer
Network
Specialist
1-27
End-User Computing (EUC)

End-user computing
– Development of all or part of applications
– Information specialists act as consultants

Stimulants to EUC
–
–
–
–
Increased computer literacy
IS backlog
Low-cost hardware (the PC)
Prewritten software (electronic spreadsheets)
1-28
IS and EUC
The End-User Computing Communication
Chain
Information
Specialists
Support
Communication
User
Computer
1-29
Justifying the CBIS
Investasi besar
 Economic

– Pengurangan biaya
– Peningkatan produktivitas

Noneconomic
– Pencapaian nilai
1-30
Achieving the CBIS
1-31
Reengineering the CBIS

Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
– Reworking systems
– Good system features retained
– Becoming development methodology of choice
1-32
Roles Played by the Manager
and by the Information Specialist
Phase
Planning
Manager
Define problem
Information Specialist
Support
Analysis
Control
Design
Control
Implementation
Control
Implement system
Use
Control
Make available
System Study
Design system
1-33
Summary
Information is one of five main resources
 Computer output used by managers and
nonmanagers
 A system is an integration of elements
working toward an objective

– Physical
– Conceptual

Data vs. Information
1-34
Summary [cont.]

CBIS composed of various components
–
–
–
–
–
AIS
MIS
DSS
Virtual office
Knowledge-based systems
End-user computing trends
 CBIS development

1-35