See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259743983
ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺒﺪل ﺑﺮای ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮏ ﻗﺪرت
Conference Paper · January 2014
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2 authors:
Mohammad Mahdi Mansouri
Majid Nayeripour
Yazd Regional Electric co., Yazd, IRAN
Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
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herbicide dose and weed density effects on crop:weed competition View project
Smart grids interconnection and performance evaluation in high penetration level of DGs environment View project
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ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺪرت
داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮق و ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ،داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس ﺗﻬﺮان 26-25 ،دي ﻣﺎه 1392
ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺒﺪل
ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت
2
ﻣﺠﻴﺪ ﻧﻴﺮي ﭘﻮر ،1ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﻬﺪي ﻣﻨﺼﻮري
1داﻧﺸﻴﺎر ،ﮔﺮوه ﻗﺪرت ،داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﻴﺮاز
nayeri@sutech.ac.ir
2داﻧﺸﺠﻮي دﻛﺘﺮي ﺑﺮق ،ﮔﺮوه ﻗﺪرت ،داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﻴﺮاز
Mansuri5m@yahoo.com
ﭼﻜﻴﺪه
در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻳﻚ روش ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺒﺪل اراﺋﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﻳﺞ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .اﻳـﺪه اﻳـﻦ روش
ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ،ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺒﺪل ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺟﺮﻳﺎن و وﻟﺘﺎژﻫﺎي ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ آن اﺳﺖ .ﭼـﻮن ﻛﻠﻴـﺪﻫﺎي اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴـﻚ
ﻗﺪرت در وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺻﻔﺮ و در وﺿﻌﻴﺖ وﺻﻞ وﻟﺘﺎژ ﺻﻔﺮ دارﻧﺪ از اﻳﻦ دو ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ وﻟﺘﺎژﻫﺎ و ﺟﺮﻳﺎنﻫﺎي ورودي
و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﻲ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻳﺎ وﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﺒﺪل ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ .ﺳﭙﺲ اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح ﺑﺮاي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺒﺪل ﺗﺴﺖ و
ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻣﺒﺪل ،ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ داﺧﻞ ﻣﺒﺪل را دارد.
ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻛﻠﻴﺪي
ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ،ﻣﺒﺪل اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت ،ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ آراﻳﺶ ﻣﺒﺪل ،ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ در زﻣﺎن واﻗﻌﻲ
-1ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ
ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت در ﭼﻨﺪ دﻫﻪ اﺧﻴﺮ وارد ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻗـﺪرت
ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ و روز ﺑﻪ روز از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌـﺪاد ،ﺗﻨـﻮع ﻛـﺎرﺑﺮد و ﺗـﻮان ﻧـﺎﻣﻲ رو ﺑـﻪ
ﮔﺴﺘﺮش و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ] .[2-1ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت وﻳﮋه اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت ﻧﻈﻴﺮ
ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ،ﺗﻨﻮع و ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻧﻴﺎز دارد ﻛـﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣـﺎت ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ
ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ و ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﻮد].[6-3
ﻋﻤﺪه ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪه ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ
اﺳﺖ و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل داﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖﻫـﺎي آن را
ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪه ﺑﮕﻴﺮد] .[7ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﺑﻴﺮون از ﻣﺒﺪل ﺑـﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات
اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻫﺎي در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻓﻴﻮزي و
ﻳﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ وﻟﺘﺎژ و اﺿـﺎﻓﻪ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ IEEE Std 1547در
ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﻓﺮﻣـﺎنﻫـﺎي اﻳـﻦ ﺗﻮاﺑـﻊ ﺣﻔـﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻠﻴـﺪﻫﺎي
ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻗﻄﻊ داده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد .اﻳﻦ روش ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ،ﻛﻤﺒﻮدﻫﺎ
و ﻧﺎ ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪيﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ دارد].[10-7
ﭼﻮن ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﺒﺪل ،وﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ و ﺗـﺪارك ﺳـﻴﮕﻨﺎلﻫـﺎي ﻻزم
ﻛﻠﻴﺪ زﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪه دارد اﻳﻦ وﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮ در ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ
ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ دارد ،در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ
ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮده و ﺣﺘﻲ در ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ
ﺑﺎﻳﺪ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎلﻫﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ،ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻞ از ﺣﺴـﮕﺮﻫﺎ و
ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎلﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺎﺷﺪ].[12-11
ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲرﺳﺪ ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻘﻂ ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ ﺷـﺒﻜﻪ را ﺑـﺮ
ﻋﻬﺪه دارﻧﺪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪه ﺧﻮدﺷـﺎن
ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ .ﻟﺬا ﻃﺮح ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺒﺪل از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻧﺪازه
ﮔﻴﺮي ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲﻫﺎي آن اﺳﺖ .اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع در ﻛﻨﺎر اﻳﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ
ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻣﻨﺒﻊ و ﺑﺎر آﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑﺴـﺘﮕﻲ
ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺪرت
داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮق و ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ،داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس ﺗﻬﺮان 26-25 ،دي ﻣﺎه 1392
دارد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﻄـﺮح ﺷـﺪه را
واﺿﺢﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ .ﺧﻄﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي در ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎي اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴـﻚ ﻗـﺪرت از
ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﺪه اﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در آﻣﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺎ %38از
ﺧﺮاﺑﻲﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎي اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴـﻚ ﻗـﺪرت را ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ از ﺧﺮاﺑـﻲ ﻛﻠﻴـﺪﻫﺎ
ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.[14-13].
در ][15ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎي ﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻣﺪار ﺑﺎز ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﻓﺮﻛـﺎﻧﺲ
ﻟﺤﻈﻪ اي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .در ] [16زﻳـﺮ ﻧﻴـﺰ از ﺗﻜﻨﻴـﻚ ﻓـﺎزي
ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ .ﺗﻜﻨﻴـﻚﻫـﺎي ﻧـﻮﻳﻦ و
ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻓـﺎزي] [17و ﺷـﺒﻜﻪ ﻋﺼـﺒﻲ] [18ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑـﺮاي ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ
ﺧﻄﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎ در ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎي اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ .در
] [19ﻧﻴﺰ از ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟﺮﻳﺎنﻫـﺎ ﺧﻄـﺎي ﻣـﺪار ﺑـﺎز
ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎ را در ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎي اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗـﺪرت ﺗـﻮرﺑﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎد ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ داده
اﺳﺖ .در ] [20ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ،ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ و ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎن ﺳـﻪ
ﻓﺎز ،ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﺎز ﺑﻮدن ﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ و دو ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷـﺪه
اﺳﺖ .در ] [21ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎي ﻣﺪار ﺑﺎز در ﻳﻚ ﻣﺒﺪل ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻘـﺪار
ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ،اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
در ] [24-22ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ وﻟﺘﺎژ و ﺟﺮﻳـﺎن ورودي ﻣﺒـﺪل ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔـﻪ
ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻘﺎرن و ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزور ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﺘﻘﺎرن وﺟﻮد ﺧﻄﺎﻫـﺎي اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ
ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎ در ﻣﺒﺪل ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ داده
ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .در ] [24ﭼﻬﺎر روش ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎي ﻛﻠﻴـﺪ ﻣـﺪار ﺑـﺎز
ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ و ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ روشﻫﺎي ﺗﺒـﺪﻳﻞ ﭘـﺎرك ،ﻣﺆﻟﻔـﻪ
DCﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﺷﺪه ،روش ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺷﻴﺐ و روش ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘـﺪار
ﻣﺮﺟﻊ اﺳﺖ .ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ روشﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺎر ﻣﺒﺪل ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و
ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ] [25ﺳـﻪ روش ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮ ﺑـﺮدار ﻓﻀـﺎ،
ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻟﺤﻈﻪاي و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻮرﻳﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎي ﻣﺪار ﺑـﺎز
ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي اﻳﻨﻮرﺗﺮ اراﺋﻪ داده اﺳﺖ.
اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روشﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮرﻳﻪ و ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺟـﻚ ﺑـﺮاي
ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ در زﻣﺎن واﻗﻌﻲ و ﻫﺪف ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ].[26
ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄـﺎي ﻛﻠﻴـﺪ ﺑـﺎز در ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫـﺎي ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس
روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣـﺪل ] [28-27روش ﺑﺎﻧـﺪ ﻣﺮﺟـﻊ] [30-29روش
ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎل] [35-31اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ .در ] [37-36از FPGAﺑﺮاي
ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎ در ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎي اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ زﻳـﺎد اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده
ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .در ] [38ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ روشﻫﺎي ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄـﺎي ﻛﻠﻴـﺪﻫﺎي
IGBTدر ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ اﻳﻦ روشﻫﺎ را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان واﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎن ﺑـﺎر ،ﺣﺴﺎﺳـﻴﺖ ﺑـﻪ
ﮔﺬراﻫﺎ ،ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ در ﺣﺪود ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺑـﺮق ﺷـﻬﺮ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ] .[39-38در
ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي ﻧﻈﻴﺮ IGBTﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎن ﺧﻄـﺎ در
ﺣﺪود 10ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ را ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ] .[38ﻟﺬا در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﺑﺘﺪا اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت
ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ و ﺳـﭙﺲ اﺻـﻮل
ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﺪل ) (CBSﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﻳـﻚ
روش ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺒﺪل اراﺋﻪ و ﺑﻪ
ﺗﺪرﻳﺞ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .اﻳﺪه اﻳﻦ روش ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ،ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎﻫـﺎي
داﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺒﺪل ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺟﺮﻳـﺎن و وﻟﺘﺎژﻫـﺎي ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟـﻲ آن
اﺳﺖ .ﭼﻮن ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت در وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺻـﻔﺮ و
در وﺿﻌﻴﺖ وﺻﻞ وﻟﺘﺎژ ﺻﻔﺮ دارﻧـﺪ از اﻳـﻦ دو ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﻪ ﺑـﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴـﻪ
وﻟﺘﺎژﻫﺎ و ﺟﺮﻳﺎنﻫﺎي ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ و ﺗﻔـﺎوﺗﻲ از
ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻳﺎ وﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﺒﺪل ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ.
-2اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ
ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ وﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ و ﺑﺮقرﺳﺎﻧﻲ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ
ﻋﺎدي و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﺎزي ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ و ﺧﺴـﺎرت ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ از ﺧﺮاﺑـﻲ از ﺷـﺒﻜﻪ ﺑـﺎ
ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﺣﺪاﻗﻠﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﻄﺎ دﻳﺪه ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد] .[13-11ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ
ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ،ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ،ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري ،ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ
] [40-39][13-11ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد روش ﻫﺎي ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄـﺎ اراﺋـﻪ
ﺷﺪه ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮن را ﻧﺘﻮان ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻧﺎم ﺑﺮد.
ﻟﺬا ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺷﻜﻞ) (1در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ
ﻛﻪ وﻟﺘﺎژﻫﺎ و ﺟﺮﻳﺎنﻫﺎ ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻣﺒﺪل را اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ
و ﻣﺒﺪل اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻳﻚ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺳﻴﺎه در ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد.
ﺷﻜﻞ) (1ﻧﺤﻮه اﺗﺼﺎل ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي
-3اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي
ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ذاﺗﻲ ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎي اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗـﺪرت
ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت دو وﺿﻌﻴﺖ روﺷﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﻣﻮش
دارد ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از دو ﺷﺮط ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ) (2ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺷﻜﻞ) (2دو وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت
ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن ﻛﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ) (2ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺑﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻛﻠﻴـﺪ زﻧـﻲ ﻛﻠﻴـﺪ
داﺧﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺒﺪل اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت رواﺑﻄﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ وﻟﺘـﺎژ ورودي ،ﺟﺮﻳـﺎن
ورودي ،وﻟﺘﺎژ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ و ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻳـﻒ اﺳـﺖ .ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ
ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي اﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﺑـﺮ اﻳـﻦ اﺳـﺎس ﺗﻌﺮﻳـﻒ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮد .از آﻧﺠـﺎ ﻛـﻪ
ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨــﺪي ﻃــﺮح ﺣﻔــﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺸــﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑــﺮ اﺳــﺎس اﻧــﻮاع ﻣﺒــﺪلﻫــﺎي
ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺪرت
داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮق و ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ،داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس ﺗﻬﺮان 26-25 ،دي ﻣﺎه 1392
اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﺎم "ﻃـﺮح ﺣﻔـﺎﻇﺘﻲ
ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﺪل" ﻧﺎم ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .از ﻣﺰاﻳـﺎي اﻳـﻦ ﻃـﺮح ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ
ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺎﻻي آن اﺳـﺖ زﻳـﺮا ﻣـﻲﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻣـﺪارات آﻧـﺎﻟﻮگ و
دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﺨﺖ اﻓﺰاري ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮد و ﻳـﺎ از ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ FPGA
ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ.
-1-4ﺗﺴﺖ و ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎزي
ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺒﺪل ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه در ﺷﻜﻞ) (3ﻣﻨﻄﻖﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن داده
ﺷﺪه در ﺷﻜﻞ) (4و ﺷﻜﻞ) (5ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﺷـﻜﻞﻫـﺎي ) (6و ) (7در ﻧـﺮم
اﻓﺰار PSCADﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪ.
-4ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ دﻳﻮد
ﺳﺎده ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺪل اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت ﻳﻜﺴﻮﺳﺎز ﻛﻨﺘـﺮل ﻧﺸـﺪه ﻧـﻴﻢ ﻣـﻮج
ﺗﻜﻔﺎز اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از ﻳﻚ دﻳﻮﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ) (3ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
ﺷﻜﻞ) (6ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮط ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﺒﺪل
ﺷﻜﻞ) (3ﻳﻜﺴﻮﺳﺎز ﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﻮج ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻧﺸﺪه ﺗﻚ ﻓﺎز
ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﺴﻮﺳﺎز ﺷﺮط ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﺒﺪل را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ
ﺑﻮدن ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ روﺷـﻦ ﺑـﻮدن دﻳـﻮد )ﻣﺴـﺎوي
ﺑﻮدن وﻟﺘﺎژ ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ( اﺳﺖ .رواﺑﻂ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﺒـﺪل در ) (1و
) (2ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ در ﺷﻜﻞ) (4ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
ﺷﻜﻞ) (7ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ
ﺷﻜﻞ) (4ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮط ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﺒﺪل
Diode :ON
{Converter
:OK
⇒ { Diode :OFF
Converter :OK
)(1
⇒ I in I out & V in V out
)(2
I in I lik & I out I lik
ﻃﺮح ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه در ﺷﻜﻞ) (4را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻧﺸـﺘﻲ
ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ) (Ilikو وﻟﺘﺎژ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ) ( Vonﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻧﻤـﻮد .ﺑـﺮاي
ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳـﻒ ﻧﻤـﻮد .ﺑـﺮاي
ﻣﺜﺎل در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄـﺎي اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ ﻫـﺪاﻳﺖ
ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ) (5ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اراﺋﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ در ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ
ﺑﻮدن ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﻮدن اﻳﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎنﻫﺎ ) روﺷـﻦ
ﺑﻮدن ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ( ،ﭼﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف وﻟﺘﺎژ ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟـﻲ در ﺣـﺪ
وﻟﺘﺎژ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح ﻧﻴﺰ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺧﻄﺎي F1را ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﻲدﻫـﺪ.
اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﻣﻴـﺰان ﺟﺮﻳـﺎن ،ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ
ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ وﻟﺘﺎژ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ را ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮد.
ﺷﻜﻞ) (5ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎي اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ
-5ﻣﺒﺪل ﻳﻜﺴﻮﺳﺎز ﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﻮج ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎز ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه
ﻳﻜﺴﻮﺳﺎز ﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﻮج ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎز ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ ﺷـﻜﻞ) (8در PSCAD
ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻮجﻫﺎي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل زاوﻳﻪ آﺗـﺶ روﺷـﻦ و
ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ) (9ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ.
ﺷﻜﻞ) (8ﻳﻜﺴﻮﺳﺎز ﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﻮج ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎز ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه
ﺷﻜﻞ) (9وﻟﺘﺎژﻫﺎ و ﺟﺮﻳﺎنﻫﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎز ﻳﻜﺴﻮﺳﺎز ﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﻮج ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه
ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺪرت
داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮق و ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ،داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس ﺗﻬﺮان 26-25 ،دي ﻣﺎه 1392
در اﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﺴﻮﺳﺎز ،ﻫﻤﻮاره ﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ روﺷﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﻛـﻪ روﺷـﻦ ﺑـﻮدن
ﻫﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻓﺎز ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎن ﺧﺮوﺟـﻲ در
ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺴﺎوي ﺑﻮدن وﻟﺘﺎژ آن ﻓﺎز ﺑﺎ وﻟﺘﺎژ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﻟﺬا ﺑـﺮ
اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺷﻜﻞ) (10ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺗﺴﺖ ﺷﺪ.
-6ﺗﺴﺖ و ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻨﻮرﺗﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎز
ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻨﻮرﺗﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺷﻜﻞ) (13ﻃـﺮح ﺣﻔـﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺸـﻨﻬﺎدي
اﺟﺮا و ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪ.
ﺷﻜﻞ) (10ﻃﺮح ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ روﺷﻦ ﺑﻮدن ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ
ﺷﻜﻞ) (13اﻳﻨﻮرﺗﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎز ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻮج
در زاوﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ روﺷﻦ ﺷﺪن و ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﺷﺪن ،اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح ﺗﺴﺖ ﺷﺪ
ﻛﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ ) (11ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي از آن ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﻳﻜﺴﻮﺳﺎز ﻧﺸﺎن
داده ﺷﺪه در ﺷﻜﻞ) (8و ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷـﺪه در
ﺷﻜﻞ) (10در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺎر ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ) (12ﺗﺴﺖ ﺷﺪ.
ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎزي اﻳﻨﻮرﺗﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎز ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪوﻻﺳـﻴﻮن ﭘﻬﻨـﺎي ﭘـﺎﻟﺲ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳـﻲ در
ﺷﻜﻞ) (14ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
ﺷﻜﻞ) (14ﺟﺮﻳﺎن و وﻟﺘﺎژ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻣﺒﺪل و ﻓﺮﻣﺎن ﮔﻴﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎ
ﺷﻜﻞ) (11ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻃﺮح ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺷﻜﻞ) (10در زاوﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي
ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ روﺷﻦ ﺷﺪن و ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﺷﺪن
ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ) (3ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي T1/D1/T4/D4زﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه
اﺳــﺖ .ﺑــﻪ ﻃــﻮر ﻣﺸــﺎﺑﻪ ﻣـﻲﺗــﻮان ﺑــﺮاي ﻛﻠﻴــﺪﻫﺎي T2/D2/T5/D5و
T3/D3/T6/D6ﻣﻨﻄﻖﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﺷﺖ.
)(3
> 0 ⇒ T1 : ON
< 0 ⇒ D1 : ON
> 0 ⇒ D 4 : ON
< 0 ⇒ T 4 : ON
Ia
Ia
Ia
Ia
& /2
& /2
& /2
& /2
+V DC
+V DC
−V DC
−V DC
V an
V an
V an
V an
ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺪل 12ﺷﺮط ﺑﺮاي ﺻﺤﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻣﺒﺪل ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻃـﺮح
ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ دو ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داده
ﺷﺪه در ) (4و ﺷﻜﻞ) (15اﻛﺘﻔﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
ﺷﻜﻞ) (12ﺗﺴﺖ ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎر RL
از ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﺪل ﺷﻜﻞ) (8در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲﻛﻨـﺪ وﺟـﻮد ﺑـﺎر
RLدر ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد دﻳﻮد ﻫﺮز ﮔـﺮد Dmدر ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ
ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ) ﺟﺮﻳﺎنﻫﺎ ﻛﻢ و زاوﻳﻪ روﺷﻦ ﺷﺪن ﺑـﺰرگ ( روش ﮔـﺮدد اﻳـﻦ
ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ ) (12ﺗﺴﺖ ﺷﺪ.
)(4
I a + I b + I c I dc ⇒ CurrentDiff .OK
ﺷﻜﻞ) (15ﺷﺮط ﺻﺤﺖ ﻣﺒﺪل ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس Unipolar SPWN
ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎزي اﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺪل ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﺻﺤﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ
ﺧﺮاﺑﻲ ﻣﺒﺪل اﺳﺖ .ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎي ﻣﺪار ﺑﺎز ﻛﻠﻴﺪ) (F3از ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗـﺮﻳﻦ
ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺪرت
1392 دي ﻣﺎه26-25 ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس ﺗﻬﺮان،داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮق و ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ
ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي-8
روش ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺻﻮل ﻛﻠﻴﺪ زﻧﻲ ) ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺻﻔﺮ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﻗﻄـﻊ و
اﻳـﻦ.وﻟﺘﺎژ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ وﺻﻞ ( و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آراﻳﺶ ﻣﺒﺪل اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ
ﻳﻚ ﻣﺒﺪل ﻧﻴﻢ،روش ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺒﺪل ﻳﻜﺴﻮﺳﺎز ﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﻮج ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻧﺸﺪه ﺗﻜﻔﺎز
ﻣﻮج ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎز ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه و ﻳﻚ اﻳﻨﻮرﺗﺮ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻮج ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎز ﺗﺴﺖ و ﺷـﺒﻴﻪ
ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ.ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ
.را دارد و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮔﺬاري و ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ را دارد
ﻃﺮح ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎي اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻗﺪرت ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻚ ﭘﺎﺳـﺦ ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ
دارد و ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮد ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺒـﺪل را دارد ﺑﻠﻜـﻪ
ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄـﺎ را ﺗﻌﺮﻳـﻒ،ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﻄﺎ
ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﺒـﺪلﻫـﺎي ﺗﺸـﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮات و.ﻧﻤﻮد
.ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد
ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ
[1] Handbook of Power Systems Engineering with Power
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زﻳـﺎد ﻧﺸـﺪن،روشﻫﺎي ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﻧﺸـﺪن
ﺟﺮﻳﺎن و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﻮدن ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺪل در ﺑﺎز ﻛﻢ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ آن
در ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي از ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷـﺪه در.ﺳﺨﺖ اﺳﺖ
( ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺬف اﺛﺮات اﻳﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ اﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده16)ﺷﻜﻞ
.ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ
در ﺟﺮﻳﺎنﻫﺎي ﻛﻢT1 ﺑﺮايF3 ( ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎي16)ﺷﻜﻞ
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﻲ در ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎزي و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ-7
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي را در اﺟﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ
ﻧﻈﺮات ﻃﺮاح ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ، ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎ،ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت رﻓﺘﺎر ﺑﺎر
ﻧﻮﺳـﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻨﺒـﻊ، ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎت ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎن و ﺑﺎﻻ دﺳﺖ،ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ
زاوﻳـﻪ. در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﺗـﺎ از آﻧﻬـﺎ اﺷـﺎره ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮد.ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ
ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﺖ رﻓﺘﺎر ﺳﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت
.ﺣﺬف ﭘﺎﻟﺲﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﻮد
ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات و اﺿﺎﻓﻪ وﻟﺘﺎژ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﺷﺮط در ﻣﻨﻄﻖﻫﺎي
، ﻃـﺮح ﺣﻔـﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ در ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ ﮔـﺬراﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺒـﻊ.ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﻮد
، ﺧﻄﺎﻫـﺎي دﻳﮕـﺮ ﻛﻠﻴـﺪﻫﺎ، اﺗﺼﺎل ﻛﻮﺗـﺎه ﺑـﺎر، ﻫﺎرﻣﻮﻧﻴﻚﻫﺎ،ﮔﺬراﻫﺎي ﺑﺎر
از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ ﻃـﺮح ﺣﻔـﺎﻇﺘﻲ. ﺗﺴﺖ ﺷﻮدPWM روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ
ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ دو وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻣﻮش و روﺷﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ اﺳـﺖ
( و17)ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞﻫـﺎي
.( در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد18)
[42]( ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ روﺷﻦ و ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﺷﺪن ﺗﺮﻳﺴﺘﻮر17)ﺷﻜﻞ
[42]IGBT ( ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ روﺷﻦ و ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﺷﺪن18)ﺷﻜﻞ
ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺪرت
1392 دي ﻣﺎه26-25 ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس ﺗﻬﺮان،داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮق و ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ
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converter topology for wind energy conversion systems with
switch failure fault tolerance capability”, IEEE Energy
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