Hypophysectomy - surgical removal of the pituitary gland Oxytocin - hormone produced by the posterior pituitary. Stimulates uterine contraction and let down of milk Gynecomastia - Enlarged breasts in men anuria - failure of the kidneys to produce urine. diabetes mellitus - a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both type 2 diabetes - progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to insulin type 1 diabetes mellitus - diabetes in which no beta-cell production of insulin occurs and the patient is dependent on insulin for survival Hypoglycemia - low blood sugar Exophthalmos - protrusion of the eye Glucocorticoids - produced by adrenal cortex, raises glucose levels and had anti-inflammatory effect diabetes insipidus - antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately Cretinism - a congenital form of hypothyroidism cortisone - a hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex ADH - antidiuretic hormone; decreases the amount of urine produced TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) - stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) - stimulates secretion of hormones by adrenal cortex GH (growth hormone) - Secreted by pituitary --> stimulates growth of body tissues hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) - What do at-home pregnancy tests detect in urine? prolactin (lactogenic hormone) - stimulates breast development and milk production during pregnancy melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) - affects skin pigmentation Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum) and sperm lactogenic hormone (prolactin) - stimulates and maintains the secretion of breast milk in the mother after childbirth luteinizing hormone (LH) - secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation and testosterone production in testes Addison's disease - A disorder in which the adrenal glands don't produce enough hormones Cushing's disease - A condition that occurs from exposure to high cortisol levels for a long time Grave's disease - An immune system disorder of the butterfly-shaped gland in the throat (thyroid) Glucagon - A hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells that increases blood glucose concentration Insulin - A hormone synthesized in the pancreas that decreases blood sugar levels Calcitonin - Lowers blood calcium levels acromegaly - enlargement of the extremities; too much growth hormone after puberty Gigantism - a condition produced by hypersecretion of growth hormone before puberty diabetic ketoacidosis - acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar; thus, it must burn fat for energy myxedema - caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion; also known as adult hypothyroidism Estrogen - a female sex hormone produced by the ovaries Progesterone - A hormone produced by the ovaries which prepares the uterus for pregnancy Testosterone - Male sex hormone produces by testes polydipsia - excessive thirst polyuria - excessive urination pituitary gland - master gland thyroid gland - endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck; affects metabolism parathyroid glands - four rice sized glands that regulate calcium Thymus - Gland in the anterior portion of the thoracic cavity; part of immune system; atrophies as one ages pineal gland - secretes melatonin adrenal glands - a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys Gonads - sex glands; ovaries and testes pancreatic islets - secrete insulin and glucagon Aldosterone - adrenal cortex hormone (mineralocorticoid) Epinephrine - Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline. parathyroid hormone - increases blood calcium levels thyroid hormone - increases normal metabolic rate