Hypophysectomy - surgical removal of the pituitary gland
Oxytocin - hormone produced by the posterior pituitary.
Stimulates uterine contraction and let down of milk
Gynecomastia - Enlarged breasts in men
anuria - failure of the kidneys to produce urine.
diabetes mellitus - a group of metabolic disorders
characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in
insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
type 2 diabetes - progressive disorder in which body cells
become less responsive to insulin
type 1 diabetes mellitus - diabetes in which no beta-cell
production of insulin occurs and the patient is dependent on
insulin for survival
Hypoglycemia - low blood sugar
Exophthalmos - protrusion of the eye
Glucocorticoids - produced by adrenal cortex, raises
glucose levels and had anti-inflammatory effect
diabetes insipidus - antidiuretic hormone is not secreted
adequately
Cretinism - a congenital form of hypothyroidism
cortisone - a hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex
ADH - antidiuretic hormone; decreases the amount of urine
produced
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) - stimulates secretion of
thyroid hormone
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) - stimulates secretion
of hormones by adrenal cortex
GH (growth hormone) - Secreted by pituitary --> stimulates
growth of body tissues
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) - What do at-home
pregnancy tests detect in urine?
prolactin (lactogenic hormone) - stimulates breast
development and milk production during pregnancy
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) - affects skin
pigmentation
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - secreted by the
pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell
(ovum) and sperm
lactogenic hormone (prolactin) - stimulates and maintains
the secretion of breast milk in the mother after childbirth
luteinizing hormone (LH) - secreted by the pituitary gland to
promote ovulation and testosterone production in testes
Addison's disease - A disorder in which the adrenal glands
don't produce enough hormones
Cushing's disease - A condition that occurs from exposure to
high cortisol levels for a long time
Grave's disease - An immune system disorder of the
butterfly-shaped gland in the throat (thyroid)
Glucagon - A hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha
cells that increases blood glucose concentration
Insulin - A hormone synthesized in the pancreas that
decreases blood sugar levels
Calcitonin - Lowers blood calcium levels
acromegaly - enlargement of the extremities; too much
growth hormone after puberty
Gigantism - a condition produced by hypersecretion of
growth hormone before puberty
diabetic ketoacidosis - acidity of the blood caused by the
presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable
to burn sugar; thus, it must burn fat for energy
myxedema - caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid
secretion; also known as adult hypothyroidism
Estrogen - a female sex hormone produced by the ovaries
Progesterone - A hormone produced by the ovaries which
prepares the uterus for pregnancy
Testosterone - Male sex hormone produces by testes
polydipsia - excessive thirst
polyuria - excessive urination
pituitary gland - master gland
thyroid gland - endocrine gland that surrounds the
trachea in the neck; affects metabolism
parathyroid glands - four rice sized glands that regulate
calcium
Thymus - Gland in the anterior portion of the thoracic
cavity; part of immune system; atrophies as one ages
pineal gland - secretes melatonin
adrenal glands - a pair of endocrine glands just above the
kidneys
Gonads - sex glands; ovaries and testes
pancreatic islets - secrete insulin and glucagon
Aldosterone - adrenal cortex hormone (mineralocorticoid)
Epinephrine - Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal
medulla in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline.
parathyroid hormone - increases blood calcium levels
thyroid hormone - increases normal metabolic rate