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Re-Os-2012

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Re-Os同位素分析和研究的现状、进
展及其应用
许继峰 王桂琴 李 杰
中国科学院广州地球化学研究所
原理
Pt
0.012%
190
Pt
α
Os
Re
-
Os
T1/2 = 4.495 X 1011 years
Waler et al. (1997)
187
β
α 186
Re
β-
187
Os
T1/2 = 4.160 X 1010 years
Smoliar et al. (1996)
Os是相容元素, 它易进入到地
幔和地核之中,Re则是中等不相容
元素, 相对地在地壳中富集。因此,
Os-Re同位素体系研究可以提供不
同于其它常规的同位素体系(Rb-Sr、
Sm-Nd和U-Th-Pb等不相容元素)的
成因信息
Re-Os同位素体系两大功能
Re-Os同位素定年
Re-Os同位素示踪
Re-Os同位素分析的问题与进展
Re-Os同位素 – 存在分析难点
(ppt-ppb)
低
含
量
Os
氧
化
为
挥
发
OsO4
块
金
效
应
第
一
电
离
能
很
高
化学分离方法
硫化镍火试金结合碲共沉淀法(Hoffman
et
al.,1978; Ravizza and Pyle, 1997;孙亚莉等,
1997.2000;Jin and Zhu, 2000)
Carius管(高压釜)分解结合阴离子或阳离
子交换树脂 (杨竞红等, 2001;Meisel et al.,
2001;Horan et al., 2003;漆亮等,2006;
Shinotsuka and Suzuki. 2007)。
Carius管Re-Os样品的化学制备流程
分离柱
样品1-3g和Re、
Os稀释剂
CCl4萃取三次
AG 1-X8
阴离子树脂
Re在王水相
逆王水
240℃,24h
Re
Os在CCl4相
加入HBr
Carius tube
微蒸馏
Re同位素的MC-ICPMS测定方法
MC- ICP-MS
v
v
v
Aridus
v
样品
Re+Ir
Faraday cups
Re同位素的ICP-MS测定
185Re+
187Re+
191Ir+
193Ir+
Os同位素的测定
MC-ICPMS
TIMS
离子计数器配置
法拉第杯配置
分析(低Re/Os含量样品)的难点和问题
(1)多数天然样品低Re、Os含量(ppt)
(2) 实验室要求非常低的本底
(3)无国际认可的统一标准
(4)块金效应与重现性
(5)Os同位素稀释剂标定
(6)数据难以获得国际同行认可
国内分析Re-Os同位素实验室现状
中国科技大学:在国际上发表了自己的数据(2005)
南京大学:发表磁铁矿Re-Os同位素数据
中科院地质所:发表橄榄岩的数据(?)
……
中科院广州地化所:目前已发表多篇国际SCI 论文数
据,包括低Re-Os含量的玄武岩数据,以及本实验室
的Re-Os分析方法
在广州地化所Re-Os同位素实验室分析得
以发表的国际SCI 论文
Jie Li, Xi-Rong Liang, Ji-Feng Xu *, Katsuhiko Suzuki , Yan-Hui Dong,
2010, Simplified technique for the measurements of Re–Os isotope by
multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS),
Geochemical Journal, 44: 73-80.
Jie Li, Ji-Feng Xu *, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Bin He, Yi-Gang Xu, ZhongYuan Ren, 2010, Os, Nd and Sr isotope and trace element geochemistry of
the Muli picrites: Insights into the mantle source of the Emeishan Large
Igneous Province. Lithos: 119: 108-122. (* Corresponding author)
R.D. Shi, et al., 2010, Evolution of the Lüliangshan garnet peridotites in
the North Qaidam UHP belt, Northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints from
Re–Os isotopes, Lithos 117 (2010) 307–321
Rendeng Shi et al., 2011, Melt/mantle mixing produces podiform
chromite deposits in ophiolites: Implications of Re–Os systematics in the
Dongqiao Neo-tethyan ophiolite, northern Tibet, Gondwana Research:
www.elsevier.com/locate/gr.
Tang et al., 2012, Asthenosphere–lithosphere interaction triggered by a
slab window during ridge subduction: Trace element and Sr–Nd–Hf–Os
isotopic evidence from Late Carboniferous tholeiites in the westernJunggar
area (NW China),EPSL,329-330, 84–96
Re-Os同位素定年:进展和问题
1.矿床定年
辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄测定
(187Os)t =(187Os)o + 187Re(eλt-1)
t = 1/λ*ln(1+187Os/187Re)
据此可计算得到单个辉钼矿的年龄
葛廷坑钼矿辉钼矿模式年龄(吴俊华等,2011)
辉钼矿的等时线年龄
葛廷坑钼矿辉钼矿等时线年龄(吴俊华等,2011)
黄铜矿与黄铁矿
含有相对高且变化很大的Re、Os
含量,但是不同于辉钼矿,它们通常
有非放射性Os存在,需要准确测定
187Re/188Os与187Os/188比值,可得到
黄铜矿与黄铁矿的等时线年龄
120000.0
y = 289.1x - 493.76
R 2 = 0.9994
100000.0
Age = 209.6±3.4 Ma
Initial 187Os/188Os =1.1±1.0
MSWD = 17
80000.0
187Os/
188Os
60000.0
40000.0
20000.0
0.0
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
187Re/188Os
普朗斑岩铜矿的黄铜矿等时线年龄
普朗-雪鸡坪斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄
600000.0
Age = 196.0±3.5 Ma
Initial 187Os/188Os
=2.1±6.1
MSWD = 8.0
500000.0
400000.0
300000.0
y = 307.42x - 1073
R 2 = 0.9998
187Os/
188Os
200000.0
100000.0
0.0
0.0
-100000.0
200.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 1000. 1200. 1400. 1600. 1800. 2000.
0
0
0
0
0
0
187Re/188Os
普朗斑岩铜矿的黄铁矿等时线年龄
矿床定年(辉钼矿、黄铜矿、黄铁
矿)Re-Os定年存在问题
(1)得出年龄与地质事实不符
(2)不同矿物定年结果不一致
(3)出现Re-Os同位素定年相对锆
石U-Pb定年偏老
可能原因:
(1)未能查明这些成矿矿物形成期次
(2)矿物挑选纯度不够
(3)辉钼矿中含有非放射性Os(“普通Os”)
(4)ICP-MS分析精度不够
(5)矿物粒度不同导致差异
(6)块金效应
岩石Re-Os同位素定年
与Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd等同位素体系的定年原理一致,
获取等时线年龄和初始比值
187Os/188Os
=(187Os/188Os)i + 187Re/188Os(eλt-1)
γOs = [ (187Os/188Os) sample ( t) / (187Os/188Os)
chon ( t) - 1 ] ×100
汉诺坝橄榄岩的Re-Os同位素年龄
Gao et al., 2002, EPSL
青藏高原蛇绿岩中橄榄岩的年龄(黄启帅,
史仁灯, 张晓冉等,2012,出版中)
Re模式年龄
TRD =1/λ× ln
(((187Os/188Oschon- 187Os/188Ossample)/
187Re/188Os
chon)+1)
Re亏损模式年龄
(太古代)指示出华
北古老克拉通岩石圈
地幔的存在(Gao et
al., EPSL 2002)
峨眉山玄武岩Re-Os同位素假等时
线年龄(遭受地壳混染)
Re-Os同位素示踪
187Os/188Os
= (187Os/188Os)i + 187Re/188Os(eλt-1)
γOs = [ (187Os/188Os) sample ( t) / (187Os/188Os) chon
( t) - 1 ] ×100
Re-Os同位素示踪的优势(岩浆过程)
(1)对岩浆作用的地壳混染非常灵敏
(2)可有效地区分岩石圈与软流圈地幔
(3)可有效指示岩浆混染与混合过程
(4)对超镁铁质、镁铁质岩石示踪优势
Osmium isotopic ratio (187Os/188Os) of geochemical reservoirs
Continental Flood Basalt (0.14?)
Upper Crust (1.0-1.3)
Lower Crust (0.5-2.2)
SCLM (0.10-0.13)
ophiolite (MORB type
Arc Basalt&HMA
& Subd type)
(0.13+1.3)
Arc peridotite (0.125-0.15)
Ocean(1.0)
?
DMM (0.125)
(?)
?
OIB source mantle
HIMU (0.15-0.17)
EM1 (0.13)
EM2 (0.14)
D’’ layer(?)
Core (?)
Mantle
?
PUM (0.129)
岩石圈与软流圈地幔的Re-Os同位素区分
软流圈地幔
(OIB+plume)
岩
石
圈
地
幔
混合源区
辉
石
岩
峨眉山大陆玄武岩的成因争议:
1.高钛和低钛玄武岩都来自地幔柱源区
2.高钛玄武岩起源于地幔柱源区;低钛玄武岩
岩石圈地幔源区
3.低钛玄武岩起源于地幔柱源区;高钛玄武岩
不是
Geological Map
N
O
100
105 E
Ganze
SG
0
QT
100
200 km
峨眉山金顶
Chengdu
O
30 N
四川龙舟山
Emeishan
SCB
(Yangtze)
WEST
EAST
云南宾川
贵州织金
Dukou
CENTRAL
云南金平
Dali
25
KAR
Kunming
MON
TAR
QD
NCB
SG
QT
LS
SCB
HI
STM
Burma
100
India
WB
STM
IC
IC
Laos
modified after Chung et al. (1998)
105
Only high-Ti lavas have been
found in Longzhoushan, Jinding
and Zhijin.
low-Ti lavas generally occurs in
the lower part of the volcanic
succession.
150
100
样品/球粒陨石
高钛玄武岩
低钛玄武岩
10
La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Os isotopic compositions
(gOs) of the samples with
Os contents <50ppt is
extremely high, possibly
caused by assimilation of
continental crust.
Low Ti and high Ti groups
have distinct trends which
may be related to SCLM
and a plume mantle,
respectively,
Contrast to conclusion of
Xiao et al. (2004).
Extremely Radiogenic 187Os/188Os ratios are
possibly influenced by shallow-level assimilation
OIB
<42 ppt (Reisberg et al., 1993)
<20 ppt (Widom & Shirey, 1996)
<45 ppt (Hauri et al., 1996)
<50 ppt (Eisele et al, 2002)
Plume vs. SCLM - Nd-Os, Pb-Os isotopes
The Nd-Os, Pb-Os data for the Emeishan lowTi basalts plot within the plume-melts field,
and those of the high-Ti basalt fall in the field
of SCLM.
Possible model
low-Ti basalts:
possibly derived from
OIB-like plume mantle
high-Ti basalt:
originally derived from
plume mantle and
interacts with SCLM or
derived from SCLM
melted by a heat of a
plume
Some of both low-Ti and
high-Ti basalts are
subject to shallow-level
crustal assimilation with
fractional crystallization
Higher degrees of partial melting in
low-Ti series because of derivation from plume itself.
结论:
1.峨眉山大陆溢流玄武岩的形成应该与一
个地幔柱相关
2. 峨眉山低钛玄武岩很可能起源于一个地
幔柱源区
3. 峨眉山高钛玄武岩肯定含有相当数量的
大陆岩石圈地幔(SCLM)组分
Xu Jifeng et al., 2007, GCA; Li Jie et al., 2010, Lithos
Re-Os同位素示踪常见的问题与弱点
(1)与Nd-Sr-Pb同位素是解耦,常被沿用上
述同位素的研究思路,导致结论错误
(2)忽视地壳混染的影响
(3)确定Re-Os同位素示踪的研究目标,有
的放矢
谢谢!
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