 Section 1.1: Principles of chemistry 1
States of matter
Name __________________________________________
Date ____________
1 Complete the boxes below to show the arrangement of particles in solids, liquids
and gases.
(3 marks)
Solid
Liquid
Gas
2 State the name used to describe each of the following changes of state.
(5 marks)
a) solid to liquid ____________________
b) gas to liquid _____________________
c) liquid to solid ____________________
d) solid to gas _____________________
e) liquid to gas _____________________
3 Read the passage below carefully, then answer the questions.
A student went into a coffee shop and ordered a cup of tea. The shop assistant gave the
student a cup of very hot water and a tea bag. The student then placed the tea bag in the hot
water, added five spoons of sugar to the cup and stirred it. After drinking the tea, the student
found some sugar at the bottom of their cup.
a) Which substance was the solvent? ______________________________ (1 mark)
b) Which substance was dissolved in the tea? _______________________ (1 mark)
c) What do we call a substance that dissolves in a solvent? _____________ (1 mark)
d) How did the student know the tea was a saturated solution?
(1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) Chemistry
© Hodder & Stoughton 2018
1
 Section 1.1: Principles of chemistry 1
States of matter
e) Describe how the student could find the solubility of the sugar in the tea. (5 marks)
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
f) Complete the box to show the arrangement of tea, sugar and water particles in the
tea solution. You should label one of each particle.
(4 marks)
4 The graph below shows the solubility of four substances.
a) State what the term solubility means.
(1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) Chemistry
© Hodder & Stoughton 2018
2
 Section 1.1: Principles of chemistry 1
States of matter
b) What are the units of solubility?
(1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________________
c) Use the graph to find the solubility of copper sulfate at 70°C.
(1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________________
d) Use the graph to answer the following questions.
i What mass of sodium nitrate dissolves in 100 g of water at 80°C?
(1 mark)
___________________________________________________________________
ii What mass of sodium nitrate dissolves in 100 g of water at 40°C?
(1 mark)
___________________________________________________________________
iii Calculate the mass of sodium nitrate that would be obtained when a saturated
solution of sodium nitrate containing 1000 g of water cools from 80°C to 40°C.
(2 marks)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
e) Which of the four substances has a graph line that has the relationship
y = mx + c? Explain your answer.
(2 marks)
Substance____________________________________________________________________
Explanation__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) Chemistry
© Hodder & Stoughton 2018
3
 Section 1.1: Principles of chemistry 1
States of matter
f) Use the solubility values in the table below to plot an additional line for potassium
nitrate’s solubility on the graph above.
(2 marks)
Temperature (°C)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Solubility of potassium
nitrate (g/100 g water)
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) Chemistry
© Hodder & Stoughton 2018
4