LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES & ENERGY
CONSERVATION
Prepared By
U. ARAVIND, B.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI, TUTICORIN.
NAME :
YEAR & SEC :
ROLL NUMBER :
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Page 1
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
PART – C
Unit – 1
1. Explain the Classifications of Energy Resources
2. Explain the importance of Renewable Energy Sources
3. Explain the working, Advantages & Disadvantages of Horizontal Axis & Vertical Axis Wind
turbine
4. Explain the Energy Storage & Safety system of the wind energy conversion
5. Explain the Applications of wind energy
Unit – 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Compare the Flat Plate Collector & Concentrating Collector
Explain the solar thermal electric power plant
Explain with neat sketch about any two Solar radiation measuring instrument
With neat sketch, Explain the Box type Solar cooker & Solar distillation
Briefly explain the working principle of solar water heater
Unit – 3
1. Explain the construction , working , Advantages , Disadvantages & Applications of Solar PV
system
2. Explain the types of Solar Cell & Solar PV Cells
3. Explain about Ocean Thermal Electric Conversion (OTEC) system briefly.
4. Explain the Components & Operation of Tidal Power Plant
5. Explain Wave Energy Conversion Devices.
Unit – 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Write about Biomass Conversion Technologies
Explain the Construction & Working of Floating Drum Biogas plant
Explain the Construction & Working of Fixed Dome Biogas plant
Explain Updraft & Downdraft Gasifier
Explain the Ethanol production from biomass
Unit – 5
1. Explain the Various Energy Audit Instruments
2. Define Energy Audit. & Briefly explain the types of energy audit
3. What is Energy Conservation? & Write the Principles and Importance of Energy
Conservation?
4. Explain the Waste Heat Recovery System & its Applications and Devices
5. Write the ways of improving Boiler Efficiency
6. Write the Energy Conservation Approaches for Compressed Air & Pumps.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Page 2
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
11. Give examples for fossil fuels. (oct15)
PART A & B
•
UNIT - I
1. What is energy? (Oct 13)
•
12. What is relationship energy consumption and
standard of living?
Energy is defined as Ability to do work.
•
2. What is primary energy? (apr15)
•
Energy sources which provide a net supply of
energy are called primary energy.
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil
Nuclear Energy are primary energy sources.
•
•
•
Fossil fuel energy
Hydraulic energy
Nuclear energy
5. What are the common forms of energy?
(oct15)(apr16)(oct16)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy
•
•
Less environment impact than fossil fuel.
It can be used without depleting.
8. State any two de-merits of conventional energy
sources. (oct15)
•
•
Very costly production cost.
Cause of global warming, Greenhouse Effect,
Acid rain Etc...
•
According To Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy
Sources,
•
•
•
conservation?
Energy conservation is the reduction of energy
consumption without affecting the quantity or
quality of the production
19. List any two methods of conserving energy.
•
•
Energy that has been used from ancient times
is known as conventional energy.
It can be used without depleting it.
Renewable energy is environmental friendly.
Wind: 45000 MW
Solar: 20MW/Sq.Km these are the potential of
wind energy and solar power in India.
18.
What
is
energy
(apr15)(oct16)(apr17)(apr14)
•
10. List any two salient features of non-conventional
energy sources.
•
•
The source of energy which are being
produced continuously in nature and are
Inexhaustible are called renewable source of
energy (or) non-conventional energy.
17. What is the potential of wind energy and solar
power in India?
9. What is meant by conventional energy? (oct15)
•
Petrol: 46900 KJ/KG
Diesel: 45800KJ/KG
16. What are renewable energy sources?
7. State any two merits of non-conventional energy
sources. (apr16)
•
•
A measure of the amount of energy stored in a
given volume or mass (weight) of that fuel.
Unit is KJ/KG
15. What is energy density value of petrol & diesel?
Mechanical energy
Electrical energy
Chemical energy
Heat energy
Nuclear energy
6. List out any two non-conventional energy sources.
(oct13) (oct15)(apr14)
Petroleum gas, Petrol ,Kerosene, Diesel oil
Residual oil (Lubrication oil, paraffin wax,
asphalt)
Fuel oil for boiler & furnace
14. What is energy density of fuel? (apr16)(apr17)
4. List out any two conventional energy sources.
(apr16)(apr14)
•
•
•
The more energy people consume, the more
their standard of living improved.
13. What are products obtained from crude
petroleum?
3. What are primary energy sources? (oct16)
•
•
•
•
Coal, natural gas, petroleum.
Be less dependent on your heating and air
conditioning units.
Replace old light bulbs with energy saving
fluorescent bulbs.
Turn off all electronic devices that are not in
use.
20. What is meant by energy chain? (oct16)(apr17)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
•
The sequence of energy transformations
between primary and secondary energy.
Page 3
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
21. What is wind energy? (oct15)
•
32.
Name
the
type
(oct13)(oct15)(oct16)(apr14)
Wind energy is type of energy derived from
kinetic energy of air.
•
•
of
wind
turbine.
Horizontal axis wind turbines
Vertical axis wind turbine
22. What is wind data? (oct15)(oct16)(apr17)
•
For estimating the wind energy potential of a
site, data collected from Site is known as wins
data.
33. What are advantages of horizontal axis wind
turbine?
•
•
23. State any two applications of wind energy
(oct13)(apr13)(apr16)
•
➢
➢
➢
➢
Grid-connected power generation
Water pumping
Telecommunications
Weather stations
Air-traffic control
24. List out any two advantages of wind energy.
(oct12)(apr15)(apr16)
•
•
•
•
•
•
34. Name type of vertical axis wind turbine.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Noise disturbances
Threat to wildlife
Wind speed can never be predicted
•
•
•
•
•
•
Wind rose is a map diagram that summarizes
information about the wind at a particular
location over a specified time period
Wind rose used by meteorologists gives the
percentage of the time the wind blows from
each direction during the observation period
•
•
•
•
•
The instrument used to measure wind speed is
called an anemometer
29. What is the use of anemometer?
•
It is used to measure the wind speed.
Major components of wind electric generator
are Tower, Rotor, Gear box, Generator, Safety
systems
•
•
•
•
Vibration sensor
Electronic thermometers
Aerodynamic breaking system
Mechanical braking system
40. What is meant by energy for sustainable
development? (apr13)
31. What is nacelle?
•
Blade ejection
Tower collapse
Hazardous weather conditions
Oil spills
Ice shedding
39. Name safety devices used in wind turbine.
(apr15)(apr16)(apr17)
30. What are essential components of a wind electric
generator?
•
Electric shock
Throwing ice in polar countries
Tower collapse
Affecting radar and radio signals
Public health issues
Blade failure
38. What are sources of risk in wind turbine
operation?
28. What is anemometer?
•
Bird deaths
Climate change
37. What are safety hazards in wind turbine?
27. What is the use of wind rose?
•
No yaw mechanisms is needed
VAWTs may be built at locations where taller
structures are prohibited
36. What are environmental impacts of wind
turbine?
26. What is wind rose?
•
Darrieus wind turbine
Savonius wind turbine
35. What are advantages of vertical axis wind
turbine?
Renewable energy
Reduces fossil fuels consumption
Less air and water pollution
25. List out any two disadvantages of wind energy.
(apr13)
The tall tower base allows access to stronger
wind
High efficiency and increase in power output
34%
It is a cover to product wind turbine
components on the tower.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
•
A
substantial
reduction
in
resource
consumption and emission of pollutant is
essential for the development of sustainable
human society
Page 4
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
41. What is the function of wind mill? (oct12)
•
Wind mill converts kinetic energy of air into
mechanical energy
42. What are the factors that determine power in the
wind? (oct12)
•
•
•
The wind speed
The cross section of the windswept by rotor
The overall conversion efficiency of the rotor,
transmission system, generator or pump
43. What are the disadvantages of vertical axis wind
machine? (oct15)
•
•
power output is low
It makes more noise
44. What are the forces acting on the wind turbine
blades? (apr14)(apr17)
•
•
Axial force
Circumferential Force
45. What are the factors to be considered while
selecting site for wind mill? (oct16)
•
•
•
•
Ground surface should be stable
Low cost of land
Wind speed
Wind velocity
•
Non-renewable resources
•
Renewable resources
4. Based on Commercial Applications
•
Commercial energy resources
•
Non- Commercial energy resources
5. Based on origin
•
Solar energy
•
Tidal energy
•
Nuclear energy
50. What is the classification of wind energy
conversion system (apr14)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Based on axis of rotation
a. Horizontal axis machine
b. Vertical axis machine
Based on the size
a. Small size machine
b. Medium size machine
c. Large size machine
Based on the type of output power
a. DC output machine
b. AC output machine
Based on rotational speed
a. Constant speed with variable pitch blade
b. Variable speed with fixed pitch plate
Based on the utilization of output
a. Battery storage
b. Thermal potential storage
46. Classification of generating system (oct16)
•
•
•
Constant speed –constant frequency system
Variable speed –constant frequency system
Variable speed – variable frequency system
UNIT – II
1. Define solar energy.
•
47. What are the importance of Renewable energy
(Apr14)(apr17)
•
•
•
Energy from the sun is called solar energy.
2. What is diffuse radiation?
It is renewable by nature again and again
It will not pollute the environment
Reduction in use of fossil fuels
•
48. What are the disadvantages of Horizontal Axis
Wind Turbine (HAWT)? (Apr17)
Diffuse radiation is that solar radiation
received from the sun its direction has been
changed by reflection & scattering by the
atmosphere.
3. What is global radiation?
•
•
•
Complex design
Complex yaw mechanism
High cost wind turbine
49. What are the classifications of energy sources?
(Apr14)
Energy Resources
1.Based on Usability
•
Primary energy resources
•
Secondary energy resources
2. Based on Traditional use
•
Conventional energy resources
•
Non- Conventional energy resources
3. Based on long term Availability
•
The sum of the direct beam radiation and
diffuse radiation flux is referred to as total or
global radiation.
4. Mention any two instrument
measurements
of
solar
(Apr13)(Apr14)(oct15)(Oct16)(Apr17)
•
•
•
used for
radiation.
Pyranometer
Pyrheliometer
Sunshine Recorder
5. What are the applications of solar energy?
(Oct13)(Apr14)(Apr16)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Page 5
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
•
•
•
Heating and cooling of residential building.
Solar water heating.
Solar Furnace
•
6. What is the function of solar energy collectors?
(Oct12)(oct15)(oct16)
•
Solar cooking is simplest, safest, most
convenient way to cook food without fuels.
15. What is solar pond? (Apr15)
•
A solar collector is a device for collecting solar
radiation and transfers the energy to fluid
passing in contact with it.
Solar pond is a pool of salt water which acts as
large scale solar thermal energy collector with
integral heat storage for supplying thermal
energy.
7. Classify the type’s solar collectors.
Energy (Apr13) (Apr16)
•
Non –concentrating (or) flat plate solar
collector.
•
Concentrating (focusing) types solar collector.
16. Name three zones in solar pond.
8. Compare flat plate collectors and concentrating
type collector.
17. List any two advantages of solar pond.
Flat plate collector
Concentrating
collector
It is less efficient solar
collector
It is the most powerful type
of collector
Maximum temperature of
fluid is
300°C
Fluid temperature up to
around 5000° C can be
achieved
It can be used in water
heating
It can be used in solar
furnaces and solar power
plants
•
•
•
•
type
•
Upper convective zone
Non convective zone
Lower convective zone
It has very large heat collection area at low
cost.
Heat storage is massive, so no batteries or
other storages needed.
18. What is the purpose of solar greenhouse? (oct12)
(Apr14))Apr15)
•
A Greenhouse is a structure covered with
transparent materials that utilizes solar energy
to grow plants
•
Greenhouse provides crop cultivation under the
controlled environment
19. What is the purpose of solar distillation?
(Apr13)(Apr15)
•
9. What is the uses solar furnace?
•
Solar furnace is a structure that captures
sunlight to produce high temperature usably for
industries.
The device which produces pure water by
using solar energy is called Solar distillation
•
Solar distillation is used for water purification
by means of heat & solar radiation.
20. What is distributed solar collector?
•
10. What is solar cooker? (Apr17)
•
Solar cooker is a device which uses the energy
of direct sun light to heat, cook the food.
21. What is solar radiation? (oct12)
11. What are the different types of solar cooker?
•
•
•
•
Flat plate box type
Multi reflector type
Parabolic disc concentrator type
•
12. What are the limitations of solar cooker?
•
Cooking time is more
•
It has to cook accordingly to the sun shine
13. What are the components of solar water heater?
•
•
•
Solar hot water collector
Hot water tank
Pumps & controller
14. What is the importance of solar cooker?
Individual
solar
collector
modules
interconnected to a single power producing
unit by means of a heat transfer medium. This
is known as distributed solar collector.
Due its temperature, sun emits energy in the
form of electromagnetic waves which is called
as radiation energy.
Diffuse radiation + Beam
radiation = Global Radiation
or Solar Radiation
UNIT – III
1. What are ocean energy resources? (oct13)(apr14)
Ocean energy resources includes
•
Tidal Energy
•
Wave Energy
•
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Page 6
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
2. Define ocean energy. (oct16)
•
The movement of water in the oceans creates a
vast storage of kinetic energy is called ocean
energy.
3.
What
is
ocean
(oct12)(Apr15)(apr16)
•
11. State any two limitations of tidal energy.
(oct15)(apr17)
thermal
12. What is meant by wave machines?
Sun’s heat warms the surface of the water more
than deep ocean water, due to this temperature
difference thermal energy occurs. This is
known as ocean thermal energy.
Ocean thermal energy works in principle of
thermal conductivity, where surface water as
heat source and deep cold water as heat sink
due to this temperature difference ocean
thermal energy occurs.
•
It will not pollute environment.
This energy is produce all around the year in
any climate.
•
•
•
•
•
It has lower capacity, need more technical
improvement for higher energy
Production capacity.
Power production depends on size and
geographical area of the power plant.
•
Closed cycle systems
Open cycle systems
Hybrid systems
8. What are working fluids in OTEC? (oct16)
OTEC working fluids are,
•
Ammonia
•
Fluorinated carbons such as CFCS &HCFCs
•
Pentane
•
•
conversion
device.
Oscillating water column
Tapchan
Pendulor device (or) dolphin type device.
A solar cell is a solid state electrical device that
converts the energy of light directly into
electricity is known as photovoltaic effect.
Solar water heater circulation pumps.
Earth quake monitoring systems.
16. List out any two
(Apr13)(oct15)(oct16)
•
•
•
•
types
of
solar
cells.
Single crystal silicon cell
Polycrystal silicon cell
Ribbon silicon cell
Amorphous silicon cell
17. What are the different applications of solar photo
voltaic
system
in
rural
area?
(Apr14)(oct12)(oct13)(Apr15) (apr16)
•
Lighting and power supplies for remote
villages.
•
Street lighting.
•
Mini grids.
18. How are tides produced? Or what is the basic
principle of tidal energy? (oct12)(apr14)(apr17)
•
9. What is tidal energy? (oct15)(apr16)
•
energy
15. What is the function of solar photo voltaic system?
(oct15)
7. What are types of OTEC systems?
•
•
•
wave
14. Define photo voltaic effect. (oct16)
6. What are limitations of ocean thermal energy?
•
The device which is used to convert wave
energy into mechanical energy called wave
machines.
13. List out
(oct15)(apr16)
5. List two advantages of ocean thermal energy.
(oct13)
•
•
The high and low tides must reach16 feet.
Construction cost is high.
Limited availability of sites.
energy?
4. What is the working principle of ocean thermal
energy?
•
•
•
•
Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that
converts the energy of tides into useful forms
of power mainly electricity.
The tide rise and fall of the water is
accomplished by periodic horizontal to and
from motion of water called tidal currents. The
tidal currents flow in horizontal direction and
have kinetic energy. This energy is called tidal
current energy.
10. List out any two merits of tidal energy. (oct16)
•
•
•
19. What is OTEC? (Apr13)(apr17)
It is inexhaustible sources of energy.
The life of tidal energy power plant is very
long.
The energy density of tidal energy is higher
than renewable energy.
•
OTEC is the abbreviation of Ocean Thermal
Energy Conversion
20. What is spring tide? (Apr13)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Page 7
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
•
•
The tidal spring is maximum on full moon and
new moon and such tides are called spring
tides.
•
Biomass crop consumes carbon dioxide and
produce oxygen.
Easy availability and produce as renewable
resources.
21. What is the principle of solar PV system? (oct13)
•
An electric field is created near the top surface
of the cell where these two terminals are
contact, called the PV junction. When
sunlight’s strikes the surface of the PV cell this
electric field provides momentum and direction
to light stimulated electrons. It results in a flow
of current when the solar cell is connected to
an electric load.
7. What are energy recovery methods from urban
waste? Or what are the biomass conversion
technologies? (Apr14)(apr15)(apr16)
•
•
•
•
8. What is pyrolysis?
UNIT – IV
•
1. What are the applications of Bio-Energy?
•
•
•
Converting biomass into liquid fuels for
transportation.
Burning biomass directly, or converting it into
a gaseous fuel or oil, to generate electricity.
Converting biomass into chemicals for making
products that typically are made from
petroleum.
•
3. Give examples for biomass.
•
Wood, waste, aquatic plants and crops,
biodiesel, bio ethanol, Producer gas are
examples for biomass.
4.
Define
(Apr13)(Apr14)(apr16)(apr17)
•
Photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is a chemical process that
converts carbon dioxide into organic
Compounds by means of sugars, using energy
from sunlight.
•
6H2O + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2
5.
What
are
Bio-Mass
(Apr13)(Apr14)(oct16)(apr17)
•
•
•
•
•
6. What are advantages of biomass?
•
It reduces climate change
greenhouse gas emission.
by
reducing
Biological breakdown of organic matter in the
absence of oxygen is known as Biogas.
11. Write the composition of biogas.
The compositions of biogas are follows,
•
Methane (CH4) :40-70%
•
Carbon dioxide (CO2):30-60%
•
Hydrogen (H2): 0-1%
•
Hydrogen sulfide(H2S):0-3%
12.
What
are
types
of
(Oct13)(apr13)(Apr14)(apr17)
•
•
biogas
plants?
Floating-drum plants
Fixed-dome plants
13. List out two advantages of floating drum biogas
plant.
•
•
resources?
Pulp & paper (industry residues)
Timber, wood etc..(forest residue)
Leaves, wheat straw, rice straw ( agricultural
residue)
Saw dust, trunks, wood pallets (urban wood
waste)
Wheat grass, switch grass, bamboo (energy
crop waste)
It is a thermo chemical process which converts
biomass materials into gaseous components.
10. What is biogas?(apr15)
•
Biomass is biological material derived from
living, or recently living organisms.
Pyrolysis is a process of chemical
decomposition of organic matter by means of
heat.
9. What is biomass gasification? (Apr15)(apr17)
2. What is Bio-Mass? (oct15)
•
Thermal conversion
Biochemical method
Thermo-chemical method
Electrochemical method
Construction is easy.
Low cost.
14. List out two advantages of fixed-dome biogas
plants.
•
•
•
No moving parts involved.
Low initial cost.
Long life span.
15. State any two application of Bio-gas plant.
(Apr13)(Apr15)(oct16)
Applications of Bio-gas plant are follows,
•
Domestic cooking.
•
Drying grains in agriculture.
•
IC engines
•
Fuel Cells
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Page 8
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
for improving energy efficiency with cost
benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce
energy consumption
16. What is biodiesel? (Oct12)(oct13)(oct15)
•
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel produced from
vegetable oils and animal fat.
3. What are the factors to be considered while
performing the bench marking?
17. List out the advantages of biodiesel. (oct16)
•
•
•
18. What is biodiesel feedstock?
•
•
•
•
•
It is a clean burning fuel.
It is safe compared to other fossil fuel.
It does not emit toxic emissions.
Scale of operation
Vintage of technology
Raw materials specifications and quality
Product specifications and quality
4. What are the parameters of Bench Marking?
Biodiesel is made from soya bean oil, Recycled
cooking oil, Animal fats, other vegetable oils
like coconut oil etc…
Bench Marking Parameters
19. What is thermo chemical process? (Oct12)
•
This process converts biomass into a more
valuable or convenient product known as
pyrolysis.
Gross Production related
•
20. What is gasification? (oct12)(oct13)(apr16)
•
21. What are all the liquid forms of biomass fuel?
(oct15)
•
•
•
The word gasification implies converting a
solid or liquid into a gaseous fuel without
leaving any solid carbonaceous residue
Equipment or Utility related
•
kWh/MT clinker or
cement produced
(cement plant)
kWh/kg yarn
produced (textile
unit)
•
kW/ton of
refrigeration (Air
conditioning plant)
kWh/litre in a
diesel power
generation plant
5. What are the types of Energy Audit?
Energy Audit
Bio diesel
Bio ethanol
22. What is meant by biomass liquefaction? (oct15)
Biomass liquefaction mainly takes place through two
routes
•
•
Preliminary
Energy Audit
Liquefaction through pyrolysis process without
any gasification medium
Liquefaction through methanol synthesis with
gasification medium
Phase I – Pre
Audit Phase
23. State the types of Gasifier
•
•
•
Downdraft type
Updraft type
Cross draft type
•
1. Define Energy management
The judicious and effective use of energy to
maximize profits and enhance competitive
position
2. Define Energy Audit
•
Phase II –
Audit Phase
Phase III – Post
Audit Phase
6. What is plant energy performance (PEP)?
UNIT – V
•
Detailed Energy
Audit
PEP =
PEP is the measure of whether a plant is
now using more or less energy to
manufacture its products than it did in the
past.
(𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐭 – 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫’𝐬 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲)
×𝟏𝟎𝟎
(𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐭
7. Define Production factor.
The verification, monitoring and analysis of
use of energy including submission of
technical report containing recommendations
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Production factor =
𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Page 9
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
8. What is meant by Fuel Substitution?
•
•
17. What is meant by combine cycle plant?
9.
What are the ways of reducing Energy
Dependency?
•
•
Substituting the existing fossil fuels with more
efficient and less cost and less polluting fuel
such as natural gas , biogas.
Example: Kerosene & LPG have substituted
soft coke in residential use
In combined cycle plant, electric power is
produced using two heat engines in tandem as
prime movers. The heat discharged from one
heat engine is not wasted into the atmosphere
but serves as the sources for the next heat
engine.
18. Draw the T-S diagram of the combined cycle
power plant.
Energy Conservation & Energy Substitution
10. Give examples of energy substitution
•
•
Gas turbine
Replacement of electric heaters by steam
heaters
Replacement of steam based hot water by solar
system
Temp
,T
Brayton Cycle
Steam turbine
11. What are the characteristics of Good Energy
Audit Instruments?
•
•
•
Portable & Durable
Easy to operate
Inexpensive
12. Write any
Instruments?
•
•
•
•
•
five
names
`
Entropy, S
of
Energy
Audit
19. List out the energy management techniques?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Electrical measuring instrument
Combustion Analyzer
Lux meter
Leak Detectors
Fyrite
13. What is meant by Energy Conservation?
•
Rankine Cycle
Energy conservation is the reduction of energy
consumption without affecting the quantity or
quality of the production
20. What is the difference between Recycling of waste
& Reuse of waste?
•
Reuse is a
action
of
using
something again to
fulfill its original
purpose or different
function
14. What are the aspects of energy conservation?
•
•
•
Economic Aspects
Environmental Aspects
Conservation of non-renewable energy aspects
15. Write the principles of energy conservation?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Recycling of waste
Modernization of technology
Waste heat utilization
Proper house keeping
Use proper type of energy & fuel
Cogeneration
Proper operation and maintenance
•
A procedure for generating electric power and
useful heat in a single installation unit is
known as cogeneration
It is used to increase the efficiency of fuel
utilization
•
Recycling
is the process of
converting
waste
materials into new
materials
22. Define Boiler Efficiency
Boiler efficiency =
(𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐢𝐝 )
(𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐮𝐞𝐥)
×𝟏𝟎𝟎
23. What are the ways of improving boiler efficiency?
•
•
•
•
•
16. Define Cogeneration
•
Analysis of Input
Reuse of waste
Recycling of waste
Reduce cost
Reduce carbon
Reduce risk
Monitor feed water quality
Boiler sizing
Fuel quality
Tube cleaning
Blow down control
24. What are the devices used for waste heat recovery
system (WHRS)?
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
•
•
Regenerators
Heat pipe exchanger
Page 10
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
•
•
•
26. Give any five approaches in energy conservation
in compressed air?
Economizer
Recuperators
Heat pumps
•
25. Write the applications for Waste heat recovery
system?
•
•
•
•
Electricity generation
Green houses
Eco-Industrial parks
Mechanical works
•
•
•
Install a control system to coordinate multiple
air compressor
Avoid over sizing
Turnoff the backup air compressor until its
needed
Reduce the air compressor discharge pressure
to the lowest acceptable settings
27. Write down the energy cost formula for the following
1.
2.
3.
Steam Cost = { Fuel cost × [ Steam Enthalpy – Boiler feed water Enthalpy] } / (1000 × True boiler
efficiency)
Compressed Air Cost = { Compressor shaft horse power × 0.76 × total operating hours × Aggregate
electric rate × % of time running × % of full load HP } / Motor efficiency
Electricity cost = No. Of units × Cost / unit
28. Draw the block diagram for combined cycle
power plant.
Fuel
Combustor
Air
Air
Compressor
Gas Turbine
G
3 Phase AC
Output
Generator
Feed
Water
HRSG-1
Steam
Turbine
G
3 Phase
AC Output
Generator
Feed
Water
HRSG - II
Thermal
Output
Exhaust Steam
Exhaust
Gas
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Page 11