Lilienfeld 4th Ed
Chapter 1: PSYCHOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC THINKING
Objectives:
 Describe how psychology began and developed through the years.
 Understand psychological science and scientific thinking.
 Learn about different perspectives, specialties and career opportunities within psychology.
 Become familiar with important figures, and their seminal work, which shaped the history of psych.
Important Concepts
 Figures: 1.1, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9

Tables: 1.1, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6
What is Psychology? What Are the Big Issues and the Level of Analysis in Psychology?
 Psychology defined
 Reoccurring themes in psychology
o Nature/Nurture; Free-Will vs Determinism; Mind-Body
 Levels of Analysis – Biopsychosocial approach (Figure1.1)
How Do We Do Psychological Science?
Common sense and pop psychology
 naïve realism
 metaphysical claims
 pseudoscience (Table 1.1)
 logical fallacies (Table 1.3)
Psychological Science & Sci. Thinking (Table 1.4)
 empiricism
 theory, hypothesis
 bias, belief perseverance
 humility, skepticism, critical thinking

Principles of Scientific Thinking (Fig 1.7)
o Ruling out rival hypotheses
o Correlation vs causation
o Falsifiability
o Replicability
o Extraordinary claims
o Occam’s razor/parsimony
Why Do We Do Psychology?
 The Goals of psychology
When Did Psychology Start? (Fig 1.8)
 Psychology’s roots in philosophy and biology
 1879
Who are the FAMOUS FIGURES in the History of Psychology
What BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY Did Each Study?
Branches of Psych (Table1.5)
Philosophy
Evolution
Structuralism
Functionalism
Psychoanalysis
Behaviorism
Humanistic
Cognitive
Neuroscience
Sociocultural
Historical Figures (Fig 1.8)
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Descartes
Locke
Darwin
Wundt
Titchener
Hall
James
Calkins
Hollingsworth
Washburn
Witmer
and
Freud
Erikson
Jung
Horney
Adler
Watson
Thorndike
Skinner
Pavlov
Piaget
Neisser
Miller
Bandura
Rogers
Maslow
Lilienfeld 4th Ed
What degrees are there in psychology (and what can people do with each of these degrees)? (Fig 1.9)
 Bachelor’s degree
 Master’s degree
 Doctorate degree (Ph.D., PsyD)
 Medical degree (M.D.)
What are Subfields / Specialties / Possible Careers in Psychology? (Table 1.6)
Experimental Psychology
Forensic Psychology
Health Psychology
 basic and applied research
Neuroscience / Biological / Physiological
 psychometric/quantitative
Motivation
Counseling psychology
Industrial/Organizational Psychology
Clinical psychology
S&P
Psychiatry
Rehabilitation Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
School / Educational Psychology
Community Psychology
Social Psychology
Developmental Psychology
Personality
Learning
Sports Psychology
Where is Psychology? Where Do Psychologist Work? Where Do you Experience Psychology?
 (Germany, American psychology, Worldwide
 Where do psychologists work?
 Where do you experience psychology?
Later …more on
How Do We Do Psychology?

Chapter 2 Research Methods

Chapter 16 Treatments/Therapy