PLANNING TECHNICAL
ACTIVITIES
GROUP 1
REPORT OUTLINE
A. NATURE OF PLANNING
PLANNING DEFINED
B. PLANNING AT VARIOUS MANAGEMENT LEVELS
C.PLANNING PROCESS
D.TYPES OF PLANS
MAKING PLANNING EFFECTIVE
NATURE OF PLANNING
PLAN
With out the plan:
• - provides a methodical way
of achieving desired results
-some minor tasks may be
• - an output of planning
which may later on hinder
afforded major attention,
the accomplishment
PLANNING DEFINED
“ The mangement function that involves
anticipating of future trends and determ
the best strategies and tactics to achieve
oragnizational objectives.”
“ Deciding what will be done, who will do it,
where, when how it will be done, and the
standards to which it will be done.”
-relates the future to what could be decided
now
“ The selection and sequential ordering of
tasks required to achieve organizational
goal.”
“Planning is the selection the best course of
the action so that the desired result may be
achieved.”
- centers on the activity required to accomplish
- It must be stressed that the desired result
takes 1st priority & the course of action chosen
is the means to realize the goal.
goals
PLANNING AT VARIOUS MANAGEMENT LEVELS
Process of determining the major goals of the
organization and the policies and strategies
for obtaining and using resources to achieve
those goals.
Process of determining the contributions
that sub-units can make with allocated
resources.
Whole company is considered, specifically its
objectives and current resources.
- designed to support the Strategic
Mangement
Spells out: the decision about long range goals &
the course of action to achive these goals
Process of determining how specific tasks can best be accomplished on time with
available resources.
-must be performed in support of the strategic and intermediate plan
PLANNING AT VARIOUS MANAGEMENT LEVELS
CEO
TOP
MANAGEMENT
PRES.
VICE PRES
GEN. MAN.
STRATEGIC PLANNING
1-10 YRS
DIVISION HEADS
MIDDLE
MANAGEMENT
LOWER
MANAGEMENT
Functional Managers
Product Line
Department Heads
Unit Managers
First Line Supervisors
INTERMEDIATE PLANNING
6 Mos.-2 YRS
OPERATIONAL PLANNING
1 WEEK-1 YR
THE PLANNING PROCESS
1. SETTING ORGANIZATIONAL, DIVISIONAL,
OR UNIT GOALS
2. DEVELOPING STRATEGIES OR TACTICS TO
REACH THOSE GOALS
3. DETERMINING RESOURCES, AND
4. SETTING STANDARDS
- 1st task of the engineer manager is to
provide a sense of direction to his firm
- setting of goals provide an answer to the
said concern
- If everybody is aware of the goals, there
is a big chance that everybody will
contribute his realization of such goals.
GOALS
- precise statement of results sought
qunatified in time and magnitude, where
possible.
THE PLANNING PROCESS
- next task is to devise some means to realize them
STRATEGIES
- the ways to realize the goals
- a course of action aimed at ensuring that the organization will achieve its
objectives
TACTICS
- a short-term action taken by the management to adjust to negative
internal/external influences
- formulated to supoort the firm's strategies
- decision about short-term goals and the courses of action are indicated in
the TACTICAL PLAN
THE PLANNING PROCESS
- When a particular sets of strategies or tactics have ben devised, the
engineer manager will then, determine the human and nonhuman resources
required by such strategies or tactics (even if they are currently available,
they must be specified).
-Quality & Quantity of resources must be correctly determined
- Too much will be wasteful, too little will mena loss of opportunities to
maximize income.
- To satisfy strategic requirements, a general statement of needed
resources will sufice.
THE PLANNING PROCESS
-When the actual performance does not match with the planned
performance, corrections may be made or reinforcements given
STANDARD
- A quantitative/ qualitative measuring device designed to help monitor the
performances of people, capital goods or processes.
TYPES OF PLAN
- Written document/ blueprint for implementing
& controlling an organizaton's marketing
activities related to a particular marketing
strategy
- Summarizes the current financial situation of
the firm, analyzes financial needs, and
recommends a direction for financial activities.
-also a written document that states the
quantity of output a company must produce
in broad terms and by product family
- Indicates the human resource needs of a
company detailed in terms of quantity & quality
and based on the requirements of the
company's strategic plan.
PLANS WITH TIME HORIZON
SHORT RANGE PLANS
- plans intended are intended
to cover a period of less than
1 year
- concerened with the 1st line
supervisors
LONG RANGE PLANS
- plans covering a time span
of more than 1 year
- undertaken by middle & top
management
PLANS ACCORDING TO FREQUENCY OF USE
1. STANDING PLANS
- plans that are used agian and again, and they focus on managerial
situations that recur repeatedly
CLASSIFICATIONS
A. POLICIES- broad guidelines to aid managers at every level in making
decisions about recurring situations or function.
B. PROCEDURES- describes the exact series of actions to be taken in a
given situation.
C. RULES- statements that either require or forbid a certain action.
PLANS ACCORDING TO FREQUENCY OF USE
2. SINGLE-USE PLANS
- plans that are specifically developed to implement courses of action that
are relatively unique and are unlikely to be repeated.
CLASSIFICATIONS
A. BUDGETS- a plan which sets the forth the projected exependiture for a
certain activity & explains where the required funds will come from
B. PROGRAM - designed to coordinate a large set of activities
C. PROJECT- usually more limited in scope than a program & is
sometimes prepared to support a program.
PARTS OF THE VARIOUS FUNCTIONAL AREA PLANS
CONTENTS OF MARKETING
PLAN by WILLIAM COHEN
1.Executive Summary- presents an over
all view of the marketing project and its
potential.
2. Table of Contents
3. Situational Analysis & Target Market
4. Marketing Objectives & Goals
5. Marketing Strategies
6. Marketing Tactics
7. Schedules and Budgets
8. Financial Data & Control
CONTENTS OF PRODUCTION
PLAN
1. Amount of capacity the company
must have
2. How many employess are
required
3. How much material must be
purchased
PARTS OF THE VARIOUS FUNCTIONAL AREA PLANS
CONTENTS OF FINANCIAL
PLAN
CONTENTS OF HUMAN
RESOURCES PLAN
1. Analysis of the firms current
financial condition
1. Personal requirements of the
company
2. Sales Forecast
2. Plans for recruitment & selection
3. Capital Budget
3. Training plan
4. Cash Budget
4. Retirement Plan
5. Set of Pro Forma ( or Projected)
financial statements
6. External Financing Plan
PARTS OF THE VARIOUS FUNCTIONAL AREA PLANS
PARTS OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN
1. Company or corporate mission
- strategic statement taht identifies why an organization exists, its
philosophy of management and its purpose as distinguished from other
similar organizations in terms of products, services, and markets.
2. Objective or Goals
3. Strategies
MAKING PLANNING EFFECTIVE
PLANNING BARRIERS accrd'ng to
PLUNKETT & ATTNER
1. manager's inability to plan
2. improper planning process
3. lack of commitment to the planning
process
4. improper information
5. focusing on the present at the
expense of the future
6. too much reliance on the planning
department
7. concentrating on only the controllable
variables
SUMMARY
•
TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES, like other activities, require effective planning, ie., if
objectives & goals are to be realized
•
A PLAN is a methodological way of achieving results.
•
PLANNING is undertaken at various managerial levels.
•
Various steps are required in the planning process depending on the management
level.
•
Plans may be classified in terms of FUNCTIONAL AREAS, TIME HORIZON, &
FREQUENCY OF USE
•
Plans consist of various parts that the engineer must be familiar with
•
Plans canbe made effectrive by recognizing the planning barriers and making use of
aids to planning.
MEMBERS
JENISE DEZA
JAYSON PAGAL
ANDROJOHN PAREDES
ELEAZER PROLOGO
JP AGUILARIO
JAYSON RICON
JOHN ALFRED RODRIGUEZ