ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ‡‡ʋ
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ɅɂɇȽȼɈɋɌɂɅɂɋɌɂɑȿɋɄɂȿɋɊȿȾɋɌȼȺȼɕɊȺɀȿɇɂəɄɈɇɎɅɂɄɌȺɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɖɇɕɏɐȿɇɇɈɋɌȿɃɂ
ȺɍɌȿɇɌɂɑɇɈɋɌɂȼɊɈɆȺɇȿȾɀɈɇȺȻɊȿɃɇȺ©ɉɍɌɖɇȺȼȿɊɏª
ɘɥɢɹȺɄɭɰɟɜɢɱ#ȿɥɟɧɚȿɆɚɪɤɚɞɟɟɜɚ#
ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɢɣȽɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɊɨɫɫɢɹɝɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɭɥɉɪɠɟɜɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ
MXOLDB#OLVWUX
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OHQDLYDQRYD#JPDLOFRP
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ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚɜɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸɉɪɢɧɹɬɚɤɩɟɱɚɬɢ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɚɭɬɟɧ
ɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶȾɠɨɅɷɦɩɬɨɧ
ȾɠɨɧȻɪɟɣɧɥɢɧɝɜɨɫɬɢɥɢ
ɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɚɬɟ
ɪɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɦɢɪɨɜɨɡ
ɡɪɟɧɢɟ©ɉɭɬɶɧɚɜɟɪɯª
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɹɢɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨɝɟ
ɪɨɹɜɪɨɦɚɧɟȾɠɨɧɚȻɪɟɣɧɚ©ɉɭɬɶɧɚɜɟɪɯªɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ©ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶªɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɜɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɧɢɢɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨɢɬɪɚɤɬɭɟɬɫɹɧɚɦɢɤɚɤɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɟ©əªɝɟɪɨɹɢɥɢɟɝɨɫɚɦɨɢ
ɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɧɟɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɨɦɠɢɡɧɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɉɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯɮɪɚɝ
ɦɟɧɬɨɜɪɨɦɚɧɚɜɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɱɬɨɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶȾɠɨɅɷɦɩɬɨɧɚɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɭɬɢɥɢɬɚɪɢɫɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ
ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɝɟɪɨɹɜɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɟɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟɢɟɝɨɠɟɥɚɧɢɢɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɬɶ
ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɰɟɧɨɣ ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɟ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹɥɟɤɫɢɤɚɜɨɥɢɬɢɜɧɵɟɥɟɤɫɟɦɵɦɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɢɟɢɞɪɭ
ɝɢɟ ɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɚɜɬɨɪɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɹɡɵɤɨ
ɜɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɢɞɟɸɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ©əªɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨɝɟɪɨɹɟɝɨɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɚ©ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ±ɷɬɨɫɱɚɫɬɶɟª
ȾɥɹɰɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɄɭɰɟɜɢɱɘȺɆɚɪɤɚɞɟɟɟɜɚȿȿɅɢɧɝɜɨɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚɦɚɬɟɪɢ
ɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɜɪɨɦɚɧɟȾɠɨɧɚȻɪɟɣɧɚ©ɉɭɬɶɧɚɜɟɪɯªȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚʋɋ±'2,
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ
ɢɞɟɸ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɬɪɚɬɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ
ɝɟɪɨɟɦ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ Ⱦɠɨɧɚ Ȼɪɟɣɧɚ ©ɉɭɬɶ ɧɚɜɟɪɯª ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɟɝɨ ©əª ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɦ
ɥɟɧɢɟɦɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɭɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɜɟ
ɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɐɟɥɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɤɢ Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɬɨ
ɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɟɟ
ɧɨɜɢɡɧɭɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦɧɚɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɵɲɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚɧɚ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢɹɡɵɤɚɤɚɤɜɪɨɦɚɧɟ©ɉɭɬɶɧɚɜɟɪɯªɬɚɤɢ
ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
©Ɋɚɫɫɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɟɦɨɥɨɞɵɟɥɸɞɢª ɚɧɝɥ³$QJU\\RXQJPHQ´ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹɜȺɧɝɥɢɢɜɯɝɝɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨɜɟɤɚɧɚɜɨɥɧɟ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ
ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹɜɪɭɫɥɟɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɦɚ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
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ɜɧɢɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɌɚɤɆȾɟɦɢɪɟɥɶ 0'HPLUHO ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ
ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɦɭɫɹ
ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɭ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ >@
ɆɆɋɚɥɦɚɧ 006DOPDQ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɫ
ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢɞɢɥɟɦɦɵɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɵɛɨɪɚ>@ɊɚɛɨɬɚȺɊɨɥɥɢ
$5DZOOH\ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɚɦɛɢɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬɚ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɪɹɞɭ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɟɦ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨ
ɫɬɢ Ⱦɠɨɧɨɦ Ȼɪɟɣɧɨɦ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ©ɉɭɬɶ ɧɚɜɟɪɯª
ɗɌɟɫɢɦɟɪ (7HFLPHU ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɩɫɢɯɨɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɦɚɫɩɟɤɬɟɢɡɭɱɚɹɩɪɢɱɢɧɵɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɝɧɟɜɚɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ
ɝɟɪɨɟɜɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ>@ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɆȺɥɶɜɚɪɟɫ Ɏɚɷɞɨ
0$OYDUH] )DHGR ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ©Ɋɚɫɫɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ
ɥɸɞɟɣªɤȻɪɢɬɚɧɫɤɨɣɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ>@
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɧɨɜɢɡɧɚɞɚɧɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɵɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ
ɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɮɨɤɭɫɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ©ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶªɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟɫɥɢɧɝɜɨ
ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɦɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɜɲɟɟɧɚɦɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɨ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɬɪɚɬɵɝɟɪɨɟɦɟɝɨɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨ
ɫɬɢ ɫ ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɨ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨ
ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɦɵɫɟɥ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ
ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶɜɵɲɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɨɟɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɚɤɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ©ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶªɬɪɚɤɬɭɟɬɫɹɜɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢɢ
ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɰɟɥɨɫɬ
ɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱ
ɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤ©ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ«!ɨɬɤɚɡɵ
ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɨɥɟɣ «! ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɹ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɵɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɵɫɥɹɦ ɷɦɨɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸª >@ Ⱦɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ©ɷɬɚɩɵ ɨɫɨɡɧɚ
ɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ
ɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɨɜ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
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ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ‡‡ʋ
ȼ ɷɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɱ
ɧɨɫɬɢíɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ©ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟɫɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢɫɚɦɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟ
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ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢª>ɫ@Ⱥɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɥɢɱ
ɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɭ ɨɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ
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©ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɢ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢª > ɫ@
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ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɱɟɝɨɬɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
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ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚª > ɫ@ Ʉ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬ
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ɱɟɧɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɨɧɜɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɩɨɛɨɪɨɬɶɜɫɟɛɟɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɢɧɫɬɢɧɤɬɵ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɭɸ ɭɧɢ
ɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬ ɟ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɤɚɤɢɦ
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ȼ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɢ
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ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɋɥɟɞɭɹɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢ
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ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɸɜɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɫɱɟɬɚɌɚɤɢɟɜɡɝɥɹɞɵ
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ɧɵɦɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦȾɠɨɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹɫɟɛɹɩɨɞɞɚ
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Ƚɟɪɨɣɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɱɬɨɫɚɦɨɟɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɧɚɱɬɨɨɧɦɨɠɟɬɪɚɫ
ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɜ Ⱦɚɮɬɨɧɟ í ɷɬɨ ɩɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɟɞɨɪɨɝɨɣ
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ɦɨɢɯ ɧɟɭɬɨɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɣ Ɇɧɟ ɧɭɠɟɧ ɛɵɥ ©ɷɫɬɟɧɦɚɪ
ɬɢɧª ɢ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɹɧɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɝɢɧɟɢ ɢ
ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚɡɚɝɨɪɟɜɲɚɹɧɚɪɢɜɶɟɪɫɤɨɦɩɥɹɠɟ«əɛɵɥɫɜɹɬɨ
ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧ ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɸ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɟ ɧɟɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɨɟ
ɩɪɚɜɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ«!ȼɫɟɛɥɚɝɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢɧɚɫɥɚɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɷɬɨɬɦɨɥɨɞɨɣɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɞɨɥɠɧɵɞɨɫɬɚɬɶɫɹɢɦɧɟəɜɨɡɶɦɭ
ɜɫɟ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɦɧɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɭ ! ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ
ɝɨɥɨɫ ɩɨɜɟɥɟɜɚɜɲɢɣ ɦɧɟ ɡɜɭɱɚɥ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨ ɢ
ɜɥɚɫɬɧɨ«!ɨɧɩɪɢɡɵɜɚɥɦɟɧɹɬɜɨɪɢɬɶɞɨɛɪɨɞɥɹɫɟɛɹɚ
ɧɟɞɥɹɞɪɭɝɢɯ>ɫ@
ȼɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɫɢɥɚɠɟɥɚɧɢɹȾɠɨɫɬɚɬɶɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɦɜɵɪɚ
ɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɷɤɫɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɨ ³WKH ILHUFHQHVV RI
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ɧɢɟª ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɚ ɤɨɧ
ɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɥɢɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ³, ZDQWHG´ ³, ZDV
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©ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɷɦɨɰɢɢªɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɹɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɟɛɹɫɛɨɝɚ
ɬɵɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ Ⱦɠɨ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɹɟɬ ɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨ
ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱ
ɧɨɫɬɶɗɤɫɬɪɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɮɚɤɬɨɪíɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɝɟɪɨɟɦ
ɟɝɨ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɝɨ ³WKHVH
ZHUH P\ ULJKWV , IHOW D VLJQHG DQG VHDOHG OHJDF\´ í ɪɭɫ ©ɹ
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ‡‡ʋ
ɛɵɥ ɫɜɹɬɨ ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧ ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɸ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɟ
ɧɟɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚª í ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟ
ɫɬɜɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɦɟɫɬɨ©ɧɚɜɟɪɯɭª
ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɢɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣɩɪɢɦɟɪɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢ
ɪɭɸɳɢɣɧɟɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɢɦɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɠɟɥɚɧɢɹȾɠɨɩɨɞɧɹɬɶɫɹ
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ɦɨɸɠɢɡɧɶ!ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦɨɢɢɧɫɬɢɧɤɬɵɜɫɟɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɢ
ɜɟɥɢɛɵɦɟɧɹɬɭɞɚɝɞɟɹɫɟɣɱɚɫɧɚɯɨɠɭɫɶɞɚɠɟɟɫɥɢɛɵɹɧɟ
ɫɢɞɟɥɜɬɨɬɞɟɧɶɜɤɚɮɟ©ɋɢɥɶɜɢɹªɡɚɫɬɨɥɢɤɨɦɭɨɤɧɚ«!
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ȼɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɚɨɞɧɚɢɡɫɬɨɪɨɧɥɢɱɧɨ
ɫɬɢ Ⱦɠɨ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɜɟɪɟ ɜ
ɫɢɥɭ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ Ƚɟɪɨɣ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ
ɢɧɫɬɢɧɤɬɨɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɟɝɨɤɰɟɥɢɩɭɬɶɤɤɨɬɨ
ɪɨɣɨɧɭɜɢɞɟɥɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɹɡɚɛɨɝɚɬɵɦɢɥɸɞɶɦɢɎɨɪɦɚɩɚɫ
ɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɡɚɥɨɝɚ ³,ZDVFHUWDLQO\VKRZQWKHZD\´ ɢɦɩɥɢɰɢ
ɪɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ©Ȼɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɞɶɛɚª ɤɨɬɨ
ɪɨɟȾɠɨɜɢɞɢɬɜɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ
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ɧɢɰɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɧ ɧɚɞɟɹɥɫɹ ɜ Ⱦɚɮɬɨɧɟ ɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
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ɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɤ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɵɜɵɲɟɦɟɧɹɇɨɱɬɨɛɵɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶɬɚɤɨɣ
ɦɚɲɢɧɨɣɧɭɠɧɵɛɵɥɢɞɟɧɶɝɢ±ɢɬɨɥɶɤɨȾɟɜɭɲɤɚ«!ɛɵɥɚ
ɫɬɨɥɶ ɠɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɹɝɚɟɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɧɹ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ©ɷɫɬɟɧ
ɦɚɪɬɢɧª Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɨɣ ɬɨɠɟ
ɧɭɠɧɵɛɵɥɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɟɧɶɝɢɜɫɟɫɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶɤɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢɛɪɢɥ
ɥɢɚɧɬɨɜɨɝɨɨɛɪɭɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɥɶɰɚɧɚɟɟɥɟɜɨɣɪɭɤɟ>ɫ@
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ Ⱦɠɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ
ɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɛɵɬɶɱɥɟɧɨɦɜɵɫɲɟɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɧɭɠɧɵɬɨɥɶɤɨ
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ɡɵ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɢɧɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɥɚɫɶ
ɝɟɪɨɸ ©ɫ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɶɸª > ɫ @ Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ
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ɬɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɢɪɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɚɤ
ɫɢɫɚ ©ɇɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɣ ɧɭɠɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ
ɞɟɧɶɝɢ±ɢɬɨɥɶɤɨª ɉɟɪɟɟɯɚɜ ɜ ɍɨɪɥɢ Ⱦɠɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɋɶɸɡɟɧ Ȼɪɚɭɧ
ɞɟɜɭɲɤɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɉɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ Ⱦɠɨ
ɋɶɸɡɟɧ í ɞɟɜɹɬɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɥɟɬɧɹɹ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ʋ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ©Ʌɷɦɩɬɨɧɥɷɮɮɨɪɞɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɨ ɥɸɛɜɢª
> ɫ@ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ Ⱦɠɨ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɑɚɪɥɶɡɨɦ
ɋɶɸɡɟɧ ɯɨɪɨɲɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢ ɟɟ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɸ Ⱦɠɨ
ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɬɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ
ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚɦ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɦ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ ©ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ
ɠɭɪɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɧɨɫɹɬ ɱɚɫɵ ɮɢɪɦɵ Ƚɚɦɢɥɶɬɨɧ
ɢɥɢ «! ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣª > ɫ @
ȼɧɟɲɧɨɫɬɶɋɶɸɡɟɧɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɬȾɠɨɫɜɨɟɣɚɪɢɫɬɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟ
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ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɟɟɨɬɰɚɦɢɫɬɟɪɚȻɪɚɭɧɚíɛɨɝɚɬɨɝɨɮɚɛɪɢɤɚɧɬɚ
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ɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ©ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɣɚɪɢFɬɨɤɪɚɬɢɢª>ɫ@
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ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ
±Ⱥɤɬɨɨɧɚɬɚɤɚɹ"
± ɍ ɟɟ ɨɬɰɚ ɮɚɛɪɢɤɚ ɩɨɞ Ʌɟɞɞɟɪɫɮɨɪɞɨɦ Ɉɧ ɦɭɧɢɰɢ
ɩɚɥɶɧɵɣɫɨɜɟɬɧɢɤɜɍɨɪɥɢɌɟɬɹɗɦɢɥɢɫɤɚɤɢɦɬɨɫɬɪɚɧ
ɧɵɦɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɟɦɩɨɝɥɹɞɟɥɚɧɚɦɟɧɹ>ɫ@
ɄɚɤɜɢɞɧɨɢɡɞɢɚɥɨɝɚȾɠɨɢɟɝɨɬɟɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɜɵɪɚɫɬɢɥɚ
ɟɝɨɩɨɫɥɟɫɦɟɪɬɢɟɝɨɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣɩɨɝɢɛɲɢɯɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɚɜɢɚ
ɧɚɥɟɬɚ ɧɚ Ⱦɚɮɬɨɧ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɫɩɟɲɢɬ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɨɬɰɚɋɶɸɡɟɧɧɢɫɥɨɜɚɧɟɫɤɚɡɚɜɨɧɟɣɫɚɦɨɣɈɫɨɛɵɣɢɧɬɟ
ɪɟɫ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ³FXULRXV
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ɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɋɶɸɡɟɧ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
³FXULRXV´ ɪɭɫ ©ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɟª ɚɜɬɨɪ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɢɞɟɸɧɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɝɟɪɨɟɦɱɥɟɧɨɜɫɜɨɟɣɫɟɦɶɢɚ
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ȼɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɮɚɥɶɲɶɜɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɯȾɠɨɤɋɶɸɡɟɧɡɚɦɟɬ
ɧɚɹɑɚɪɥɶɡɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɟɳɟɛɨɥɟɟɹɜɧɨɣɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɪɚɡɝɨ
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±Ɍɵɡɧɚɟɲɶɱɬɨɞɚ
±Ⱥɫɢɥɶɧɨ"
±ɇɚɫɬɨɬɵɫɹɱɮɭɧɬɨɜ±ɫɤɚɡɚɥɹ±ɇɚɫɬɨɬɵɫɹɱɮɭɧ
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ɋɶɸɡɟɧɚɞɟɜɭɲɤɭɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢʋɞɨɱɶɮɚɛɪɢɤɚɧɬɚɫɱɶɟɣ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɹɦɨɝɭɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɭɬɶɜɜɨɥɲɟɛɧɭɸɩɟɳɟɪɭȺɥɚɞɞɢɧɚ
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ȿɣɯɨɪɨɲɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɟɟɠɢɡɧɶɛɚɥɨɜɚɥɚɟɣɧɟɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ
ɫɩɚɬɶɜɧɟɬɨɩɥɟɧɨɣɤɚɦɨɪɤɟɟɫɬɶɜɞɭɲɧɨɣɨɛɳɟɣɤɨɦɧɚɬɟ
ɩɨɞɜɨɩɥɢɪɚɞɢɨɧɟɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶɞɭɦɚɬɶɨɛɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɚɯɢɥɢɨ
ɬɨɦɤɚɤɞɨɫɬɚɬɶɪɚɛɨɬɭɢɥɢɝɞɟɞɨɛɵɬɶɞɟɧɟɝɧɚɧɨɜɵɣ
ɤɨɫɬɸɦ ɞɚɠɟ ɟɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɚɧɟɪɚ ɩɨɞɟɬɫɤɢ ɩɪɢ
ɫɸɫɸɤɢɜɚɬɶ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɨɫɤɨɲɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ
ɫɟɛɟɞɟɜɭɲɤɢɢɡɪɚɛɨɱɟɣɫɪɟɞɵ>Fí@
ȼ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɟɣ
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ɪɭɫ©ɞɭɦɚɬɶª ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɸɬɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟȾɠɨɤ
ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦɭ ɜ Ⱦɚɮɬɨɧɟ Ʉɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢɥɟɤɫɟɦɢɢɯɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɣ³SULFH´
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ɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɦɚɧɟɪɚɩɨɞɟɬɫɤɢɩɪɢɫɸɫɸɤɢɜɚɬɶª ³OX[XU\´ ɪɭɫ
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ɉɨɜɬɨɪ ³VKH KDG QHYHU´ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɞɟɢ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɣ
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ȾɚɠɟɡɭɛɵɋɶɸɡɟɧɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬɭȾɠɨɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɷɦɨɰɢɢ
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ɛɭɠɞɚɥɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɟ ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɨɟ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɛ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ>F@
Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɜɫɟ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɚɪɟɧɨ ɋɶɸɡɟɧ
ɫɭɞɶɛɨɣ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɭ Ⱦɠɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɬɶ ɂɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɢɦ ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɨ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɨɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɦ³XQFRPIRUWDEOHLQIHULRULW\´ ɪɭɫ
©ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɨɟ ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢª ɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɣ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɨ ɧɟɜɨɡ
ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɠɢɬɶɠɢɡɧɶɸɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɱɬɨɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨɤɚɤɨɞɢɧɢɡɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹɢɧɞɢɜɢ
ɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢȾɠɨɩɨɞɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦɫɨɰɢɭɦɚɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɟɝɨɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɨɛɟɫɩɟ
ɱɟɧɧɵɦɥɸɞɹɦɥɸɛɨɝɨɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɨɛɪɚɳɚɹɫɶɤɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜ
ɧɨɣɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɟɑɚɪɥɶɡɩɪɟɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ©ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬɢ
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ɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɍɨɪɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ
ɞɟɧɶɝɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɹ Ⱦɠɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɝɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ
ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɟ©əªɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɹɫɜɨɸɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɋɬɪɟɦɹɫɶɤɫɜɨɟɣɰɟɥɢȾɠɨɅɷɦɩɬɨɧɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɩɪɟ
ɝɪɚɞɨɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɨɛɳɟ
ɫɬɜɨɍɨɪɥɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɟɦɭɜɥɢɰɟɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣɋɶɸɡɟɧɢ
ɞɪɭɝɚɫɟɦɶɢȾɠɟɤɚɍɷɣɥɫɚíɨɮɢɰɟɪɚɛɟɠɚɜɲɟɝɨɜɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ
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ɥɚɞɤɭɦɧɟɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɜɪɨɬɫɧɚɱɚɥɚɩɪɨɫɬɨɣɱɭɬɶɝɨɪɶ
ɤɨɜɚɬɵɣɲɨɤɨɥɚɞ©əɩɪɨɜɨɠɭɜɟɱɟɪɫɯɨɪɨɲɟɧɶɤɨɣɞɟɜɭɲ
ɤɨɣª ɧɟɠɧɵɣ ɫɥɚɞɤɢɣ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɲɨɤɨɥɚɞ ©Ʌɸɛɨɜɶª
ɲɨɤɨɥɚɞ ɫ ɨɪɟɯɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɱɢɧɤɨɣ ©Ɍɳɟɫɥɚɜɢɟª ɢɥɢ ɫɚɦɵɣ
ɫɨɛɥɚɡɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɢɡɜɫɟɯɫɧɚɱɢɧɤɨɣɢɡɤɪɟɩɤɨɝɨɪɨɦɚ±©ə
ɜɵɢɝɪɚɥɭɬɟɛɹɨɱɤɨȾɠɟɤɍɷɣɥɫª>F@
ɂɡɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɧɟɥɸɛɹɋɶɸɡɟɧȾɠɨɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨ ɠɟɥɚɟɬ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɠɟɤɚ ɢ ©ɜɫɟɯ
ɩɪɨɱɢɯªɩɪɟɭɫɩɟɜɚɸɳɢɯɥɸɞɟɣ>ɫ@Ƚɥɭɛɨɤɨɩɟɪɟ
ɠɢɜɚɹɫɜɨɢɫɥɨɠɧɵɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɫɛɨɥɟɟɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɦɢɥɸɞɶ
ɦɢ ɜ ɥɢɰɟ Ⱦɠɟɤɚ Ⱦɠɨ ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢ
ɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜ ɦɚɥɟɣɲɭɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ȼ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ
ɩɨɛɟɞɵɧɚɞȾɠɟɤɨɦɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɟȾɠɨɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ
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ɨɪɟɯɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɱɢɧɤɨɣ í ɫɚɦɵɣ ɫɨɛɥɚɡɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɫ
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ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞəɨɛɫɤɚɤɚɥɷɬɨɝɨɧɚɝɥɟɰɚɍɷɣɥɫɚəɠɟɧɸɫɶɧɚ
ɧɟɣ ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɶɸ
əɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɸ ɟɟ ɩɚɩɨɱɤɭ ɞɚɬɶ ɦɧɟ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ± ɫɚɦɨɟ
ɥɭɱɲɟɟɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɬɟɩɟɪɶɦɧɟɭɠɟɧɟɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɝɪɨ
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ɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɸ
ɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɪɭɸɬɡɚɜɢɫɬɶȾɠɨɤɨɜɫɟɦɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɵɦɥɸɞɹɦɜ
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ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɚȾɠɨɧɚɞȾɠɟɤɨɦ
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ɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢɟɝɨɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
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ɠɢɜɟɬ ɜ ɢɥɥɸɡɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɯ
ɥɸɞɟɣ ɂɯ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɵ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɦɵɫɥɹɯ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɹɹ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
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ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɚɪɲɟɧɟɝɨɅɸɛɨɜɶɤɧɟɣɩɪɨɛɭɠɞɚɟɬɜɧɟɦɱɭɜ
ɫɬɜɨɨɞɢɧɨɱɟɫɬɜɚɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɪɹɞɨɦɫɨɋɶɸɡɟɧ
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ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ ə «! ɜɞɪɭɝ ɨɳɭɬɢɥ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɟ
ɫɬɜɨ±ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɷɬɨɛɵɥɨɬɚɤɢɦɠɟɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦɤɚɤɤɥɚɞɛɢ
ɳɟɧɫɤɢɣɡɚɩɚɯɫɵɪɨɣɬɪɚɜɵɜɨɤɪɭɝɧɚɫɢɬɚɤɢɦɠɟɝɪɭɫɬ
ɧɵɦ ɤɚɤ ɠɭɪɱɚɧɶɟ ɪɭɱɟɣɤɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɟɦ ɨɜɪɚɠɤɟ ɇɚ ɦɟɧɹ
ɧɚɩɚɥɚɬɨɫɤɚ«!ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶɱɬɨɜɪɟɦɹɡɚɬɹɝɢɜɚɟɬɦɟɧɹɜ
ɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɤɜɟɪɧɭɸ ɝɪɚɜɸɪɭ ± ɬɟɦɧɵɣ
ɭɧɵɥɵɣɛɟɫɩɪɢɸɬɧɵɣ>F@
ȼ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɞɭɲɟ Ⱦɠɨ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɟɧ
Ɉɧ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɤɥɚɞɛɢɳɟɧɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɦ
ɫɵɪɨɣ ɬɪɚɜɵ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɨɣ ɱɬɨ ɠɟɧɢɜ
ɲɢɫɶɧɚɋɶɸɡɟɧɨɧɫɬɚɧɟɬɨɞɧɢɦɢɡ©ɡɨɦɛɢªɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɬɚɤ
ɩɪɟɡɢɪɚɟɬɋɤɪɵɜɚɹɫɜɨɸɬɨɫɤɭɨɬɫɚɦɨɝɨɫɟɛɹȾɠɨɫɪɚɜ
ɧɢɜɚɟɬɟɟɫɨɡɜɭɤɨɦɪɭɱɶɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɪɨɛɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɡɩɨɱɜɵ
ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɹ ɨ ɫɟɛɟ Ƚɟɪɨɣ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɟɬ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɦɢɪ ɟɝɨ ɠɞɟɬ í
ɝɪɭɫɬɧɵɣɬɨɫɤɥɢɜɵɣɩɥɨɯɨɣɬɟɦɧɵɣɭɧɵɥɵɣɛɟɫɩɪɢɸɬ
ɧɵɣ ³PHODQFKRO\´ ³KHDY\´ ³EDG´ ³VWLII´ ³GDUN´ ³GXOO´
³ORVW´ Ɇɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɢɟ ³DQG´ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɟɦ ɜɧɨɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɦɨɧɨɥɨɝ
Ⱦɠɨɨɬɬɟɧɨɤɛɟɡɵɫɯɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɈɞɢɧɨɱɟɫɬɜɨȾɠɨɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɢɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɫɥɟɞɭɹɫɨɰɢ
ɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɭ ©ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ ± ɷɬɨ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟª ɨɧ ɛɨɢɬɫɹ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɋɶɸɡɟɧ ɫɜɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɬɨ
ɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸɟɝɨɰɟɥɢ
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ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ«!ɨɧɚɠɟɜɢɞɟɥɚɜɨɦɧɟɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɨɡɥɸ
ɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɪɟ
ɦɹ ± ɫɬɪɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ
ɦɭɞɪɨɝɨ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɋɶɸɡɟɧ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɚ ɛɵ ɦɟɧɹ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɦɢ
ɦɨɢɦɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɨɧɚɛɵɥɚɩɨɭɲɢɜɦɟɧɹ
ɜɥɸɛɥɟɧɚ!ɇɨɪɢɫɤɨɜɚɬɶɹɧɟɦɨɝ>F@
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɩɪɢɬɜɨɪɫɬɜɨɝɟɪɨɹɅɟɤɫɟɦɵ
ɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɟɣ ³SHUIHFW´ ³SDVVLRQDWH´
³WHQGHU´³H[FLWLQJ´³ZLVH´ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɬɨɬɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɣɢɜ
ɬɨɠɟɜɪɟɦɹɧɟɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɣɨɛɪɚɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɨɧɫɨɡɞɚɥɞɥɹ
ɋɶɸɡɟɧɆɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɢɟ ³DQG´ ɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɪɭɟɬɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɛɨɥɶ
ɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ©ɢɞɟɚɥɶ
ɧɨɝɨªȾɠɨɅɷɦɩɬɨɧɚ
Ⱦɠɨɨɫɨɡɧɚɟɬɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɟɦɭɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ
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ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ ə ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɱɬɨ ɭ ɧɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ
ɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ Ⱦɠɨ Ʌɷɦɩɬɨɧɚ ɢ ɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ
ɟɦɭ ɀɚɥɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ ɢ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɧɟ
ɜɹɡɚɥɢɫɶɫɷɬɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ>F@
ɂɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɞɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ
ɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɝɥɚɡɚɯ ɋɶɸɡɟɧ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ Ⱦɠɨ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɥɝɚɬɶ ɟɣ
ɫɤɪɵɜɚɹ ɬɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɤ ɧɟɣ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɨɬɞɚɥɹɹɫɶɨɬɫɜɨɟɝɨɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ©əª
ɈɞɧɚɤɨɤɨɝɞɚɪɟɱɶɡɚɯɨɞɢɬɨɫɟɦɶɟȾɠɨɟɦɭɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɩɪɚɜɞɭɱɬɨɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɟɝɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɭɝɪɵɡɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɜɟɫɬɢ
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ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ ə ɫɤɚɡɚɥ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɚɜɞɭ ɇɨ «! ɹ ɩɨɱɭɜ
ɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɭɝɪɵɡɟɧɢɹɫɨɜɟɫɬɢəɜɫɟɜɪɟɦɹɫɬɚɪɚɥɫɹɡɚɧɹɬɶ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɭɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɫɥɟɞɢɥ ɡɚ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɨɤɚɠɞɨɟɦɨɟɫɥɨɜɨɢ«!ɜɫɟɱɬɨɹ
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɬɟɪɹɥɨɰɟɧɭ>F±@
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɨɛɦɚɧɵɜɚɹ ɋɶɸɡɟɧ Ⱦɠɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɬɵɞ
ɞɚɠɟ ɫɤɚɡɚɜ ɩɪɚɜɞɭ ɨ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɯ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ‡‡ʋ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ ± ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵɢɫɬɢɧɧɵɟɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɝɟɪɨɹɟɝɨ
ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɨɧɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɟɬɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɹɫɶɨɬɥɸɛ
ɜɢ ɤ ɗɥɢɫ ɪɚɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɭɥɢɬ
ɟɦɭɛɪɚɤɫɨɋɶɸɡɟɧȼɮɢɧɚɥɟɪɨɦɚɧɚȾɠɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɜɨɢ
ɦɟɱɬɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɭɩɢɜ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɗɥɢɫ ɧɨ ɢ
ɱɟɪɟɡɫɜɨɢɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɢɬɪɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ
ɝɢɛɟɥɢɗɥɢɫɜɚɜɬɨɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɟɠɟɧɢɬɫɹɧɚɋɶɸɡɟɧ
ɂɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ Ⱦɠɨɧɚ Ȼɪɟɣɧɚ
©ɉɭɬɶ ɧɚɜɟɪɯª ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɯ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɤɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɦɵɨɬɧɨɫɢɦɩɨɜɬɨɪɵ ³VKHZDVOXFN\´
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ɢ ɞɪ ɢ ɪɹɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ Ɉɛɪɚɳɚɹɫɶ ɤ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ
ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɤɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɫɢɧ
ɬɚɤɫɢɫɚ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ
ɩɟɪɟɞɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɦɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɡɚɦɵɫɟɥɪɨɦɚɧɚɢɞɟɬɚɥɶ
ɧɨɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɚɭɬɟɧ
ɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟ
ɪɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ Ɍɚɤ ɫɬɪɟ
ɦɹɫɶ ɛɵɬɶ ©ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢª > ɫ @ Ⱦɠɨ
Ʌɷɦɩɬɨɧ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɹ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɨɬɪɟɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɟɣ
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