Honors Biology 4th Quarter Exam Study Guide 2019 This guide was made to help you prepare for the quarter exam. Take the time to work through the guide before you look up the answers in a book, your notes or the key. AS USUAL, DO NOT MEMORIZE THE STUDY GUIDE!!!! Remember to bring your textbook to class the day of your quarter exam. The cost to replace it is $80.00. If you need to replace your book, your payment should be brought to your teacher (the day of your exam) in the form of a check made out to Langley HS. Plant Kingdom 1. Use the flower diagram below to fill in the correct letter of each part listed below . Anther B Filament F Ovule_D Petal C Sepal E Stigma A After you match the flower parts above, write the letter of the part that matches the descriptions below. A 2. The place that pollen grains land D 3. The place where female gametes are formed and a fruit will form C 4. The part that attracts insects, which allows pollination to occur E 5. In the outer most circle of floral parts B 6. The place where male gametes are formed F 7. This part supports the anther Know the characterisitcs of monocots vs. dicots! Use the leaf diagram below to fill in the correct letter of each part listed below 8. Cuticle - G 9. Epidermis - C 10. Guard Cell - D 11. Palisade Mesophyll - A 12. Spongy Mesophyll - B 13. Stomata - E 14. Vascular Tissue - F G (protective layer) F 15. Write the number of the word above next to the correct description below. 8 = Keep water from evaporating out of the leaf 11 = This layer absorbs light 10 = Controls the open and closing of stoma 12 = This layer has many air spaces 14 = This is made of Xylem and Phloem 13 = An opening in the leaf 9 = The layer found under the cuticle Answer the following: 16. How is food stored in the plant? - starch (a form of sugar) 17. Where are auxins produced? - In the apical meristem 18. What are the two phases in alternation of generations? - Gametophyte and sporophyte 19. Where does primary growth take place? - In meristematic cells 20. What is the function of the root hair? - To absorb nutrients, increase surface area, and provide support 21. What type of leaves do dicots have? - Branched leaves 22. Describe the pathway of transpiration in plants. Use the words: root hair, stomata, xylem, leaf root hair, xylem, leaf, stomata 23. Match the words below with the letter in the diagram B - Ancient algae ancestor E- H - Angiosperms Vascul C - Ferns ar G - Gymnosperms plants E D F C A A - Mosses G H D - Non vascular plants F - Seed producing plants B Using the figure below, and the words below, choose the word that best completes each statement. Angiosperms Capillary Action Cladogram Derived characteristics Ethylene Evolutionary Gravity Gymnosperms Hormones Oxygen Phototropism Sexual Reproduction Vascular tissue Warmth Water Wind 24. Figure 1 is known as a cladogram 25. This figure is created using derived characteristics 26. This is the hormone that allows a fruit to ripen ethylene 27. Figure 1 shows evolutionary relationships. 28. What group in figure 1 produces naked or external seeds? gymnosperms 29. What group in figure 1 produces fruits and flowers? angiosperms 30. Xylem and phloem make up vascular tissue 31. Seeds need these three things in order to germinate. oxygen, water, warmth 32. What do the mosses require water for? sexual reproduction 33. This is the process in which water moves up the stem capillary action 34. This describes a plant’s tendency to lean toward the sun (due to auxin build up) phototropism ( due to the hormone auxin) 35. In order to live on land, plants had to be able to live far away from water. What are two other adaptations that plants had to make to be able to live on land? gravity, wind 36. A plant’s ability to grow and respond to its environment is controlled by hormones Animal Kingdom Consider the Animal Kingdom and the characteristics that are evolutionary innovations. Then, choose the more complex evolutionary characteristic in each of the four boxes by circling a or b. 1. 3. a. Single celled OR b. Multicellularity a. Deutrostome development OR b. Protostome development 2. a. Bilateral symmetry OR b. Radial symmetry 4. a. Coelom OR b. Pseudocoelom 5. Without the ability to sexually reproduce, an animal cannot evolve. Fill in the chart below using the figures below. Figure A Figure B What Phyla? Figure A Chordates Figure B Sponge Figure C Arthropod Figure D Cnidarian Figure E Echinoderm Figure F Annelid Figure C Distinguishing characteristic(s) Contains backbone Figure D Asymmetrical and is a filter feeder. A sponge is also sessile (does not move) Segmented body Exoskeleton Jointed appendages Only a few cells thick Life cycle with 2 different stages Complex animal with deuterostome development Body segmentation 7. Which is more complex, figure D or E? E 8. Which figure shows the MOST complex animal phyla? A Figure E Figure F Example shown Horse Sponge Insect Jellyfish Sea Star Earthworm Complex animal Simple or Complex animal? Simple Classified by: body segments (head, thorax, abdomen), number of legs and antennae What type of symmetry? Radial What type of symmetry? Radial ______________ 9. What characteristic do most chordates have only as embryos? Notochord 10. Write the order of the phyla above from least to most advanced. sponge, cnidarian, annelid, arthropods, echinoderm, chordate The Vertebrate Groups Examine the terms below, and place the number of the term in the correct spot to complete the Venn diagram below. The first one has been done for you. 1. Two-chambered heart 2. Three-chambered heart 3. Four-chambered heart 4. Jaws first appeared 5 Gills 6. Tympanic membrane 7. Live birth 8. Greatest diversity for movement 1,4,5, 13 6 2 11 14 Fish Amphibians 9. Endothermic regulation 10. High Metabolic rate 11. First to have kidney (filters waste) 12. Have air sacs 13. Has Scales 14. Must have water to reproduce 15. Have hard shelled eggs 16. Bones contain air spaces 3* 13 12 15 16 Reptiles 3 10, 9 Birds 8 7 Mammals 17. Put the vertebrates below in order by which they evolved. 4 Mammals 2 Amphibians 2_Fish 3Reptiles/Birds Coelom – a true body cavity. Organisms that do not have an actual body cavity between the digestive system and body wall are called acoelomate (flatworms & cnidarians) Cephalization – Formation of a head with a nervous system (brain) and sensory organs. Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6 (Ecology) 1. Circle all of the biotic factors below: Mud Ants Plants Squirrels Temperature Algae Water Sunlight Trees Flowers Read the descriptions below and then write the letter of symbiosis it is describing. A. Mutualism B. Commensalism C. Parasitism 2. C - A fungus spore that enters an insect body and digests the grasshoppers insides as it matures 3. B - Barnacles on whale’s skin 4. A - The dependence of plants and insects on each other If the statement is true write True. If it is false, replace the underlined word with the correct word to make the statement true. 5. F - Organisms can survive in the same habitat 6. T - A community that cannot go through any more succession is called a climax community 7. F - Transpiration in a plant is when water is lost through the root hair, then the xylem, then the leaf and finally the stoma Figure 1 8. F - The source of energy in an ecosystem is Sunlight 9. T - An autotroph is the first organism in a food chain. 10. F - Figure 1 is an illustration of a food web 11. T -If there were no acorns available for the squirrel (in figure 1) , it would not survive 12. T- Primary succession occurs on surfaces in environments where no soil exists. 13. T - The type of succession that occurs following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the existing soil is secondary. 14. F - The Greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that maintains Earth’s temperature range. 15. How do biotic and abiotic factors influence and ecosystem? Together, these factors determine the survival and growth of an organism and the productivity of the ecosystem in which the organism lives. 16. What is ecological succession? Give an example. Ecosystems constantly changing in response to natural and human disturbances 17. When does exponential growth and logistic growth occur? EG occurs when the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate with unlimited resources. LG occurs when population growth slows or stops following EG. 18. What types of human activities can affect the biosphere? Hunting, agriculture, industry, and urban development. 19. What are the terms for the first three levels of a food chain? Producer, first-level consumer, secondlevel consumer 20. What happens to much of the 90% energy that is not transferred to the next trophic level? It is eliminated as heat 21. What is the process in which bacteria convert unusable nitrogen gas in the atmosphere into a form of nitrogen that plants can use? Nitrogen Fixation 22. What are the terms for organisms moving into and out of a population? Immigration (in) and Emigration (out) 23. What is one of the main causes of ozone depletion? Chlorofluorocarbons, previously found in aerosol cans Chapter 8 & 9 1. Write the equation for both photosynthesis and cellular respiration in words. photosynthesis: carbon dioxide plus water use light energy to make glucose and oxygen cellular respiration: glucose plus oxygen make carbon dioxide plus water to produce energy/ATP 2. What are the parts of ATP and ADP molecules? a. Adenine – nitrogenous base b. Ribose sugar c. Phosphate group (3 for ATP and 2 for ADP) 3. Chlorophyll reflects what color of the light spectrum? Green Carotene? Orange 4. What are the: grana – stack of thylakoids, thylakoid – individual membrane in chloroplast, stroma – area in chloroplast outside of thylakoid 5. Where does the light-dependent reaction take place? Thylakoid membrane Calvin cycle? stroma 6. In which organelle does each process take place? photosynthesis: Chloroplast cellular respiration: Gylcolysis – cytoplasn Cellular Resp - Motochondria 7. What is the first step of cellular respiration? a. Glycolysis 8. How much ATP is produced aerobic cellular respiration? 36-38 Anaerobic cellular respiration? 4 9. Lactic acid fermentation – when animals go through anaerobic respiration, they produce lactic acid 10. Alcoholic fermentation – when bacteria go through anaerobic respiration, they produce alcohol Circulatory and Respiratory System 1. Describe the pathway of blood through the heart. Include all chambers and vessels. Which chambers and vessels carry oxygenated blood? Deoxygenated blood? 2. Explain the process of gas exchange. Include organs and location.
