Polyatomic Ions
H = hydr-
B = bor-
BO33- borate ion
C = carb-
N = nitr-
BrO3- bromate ion
O = ox-
F = fluor-
BrO4-
Si = silic-
P = phosph-
B4O72- tetraborate
S = sulf-
Cl = chlor-
C2H3O2- acetate ion (CH3COO-)
As = arsen-
Se =selen-
C6H5O73- citrate ion
Br = brom-
Sb = antimony-
ClO- hypochlorite ion
perbromate
ClO2- chlorite ion
I = iod-
ClO3- chlorate ion
S2- sulfide
Br
F
H
1-
Cl
fluoride
1-
chloride
I
11-
1-
bromide
ClO4- perchlorate ion
hydride
CN- cyanide ion
CO32- carbonate ion
iodide
P3- phosphide
O2- oxide
C2O42- oxalate ion
N3- nitride
Se2- selenide
CrO42- chromate ion
Cr2O72- dichromate ion
mono- one
hexa- six
di- two
hepta- seven
tri- three
octa- eight
tetra- four
nona- nine
penta- five
deca- ten
HPO42- hydrogen phosphate ion
HSO4- hydrogen sulfate ion
HCO3- hydrogen carbonate ion
H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate ion
IO- hypiodite ion
IO2- iodite ion
Cu+ copper (I) (cuprous)
Mn2+ manganese (II)
Cu2+ copper (II) (cupric)
Ni2+ nickel (II)
Fe2+ iron (II) (ferrous)
Cr2+ chromium (II)
Fe3+ iron (III) (ferric)
Cr3+ chromium (III)
Hg22+ mercury (I) (mercurious)
Co2+ cobalt (II)
Hg2+ mercury (II) (mercuric)
Pb2+ lead (II) (plumbous)
Pb4+ lead (IV) (plumbic)
Sn2+ tin (II) (stannous)
Sn4+ tin (IV) (stannic)
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IO3- iodate ion
IO4- periodate ion
MnO4- permanganate ion
NH4+ ammonium ion
SeO32- selenite ion
NO2- nitrite ion
SeO42- selenate ion
NO3- nitrate ion
SiO44- silicate ion
O22- peroxide ion
S2O32- thiosulfate ion
OH- hydroxide ion
SO32- sulfite ion
PO33- phosphite ion
SO42- sulfate ion
PO43- phosphate ion
SCN- thiocyanate ion
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Solubility Rules
Rule #1 – All alkali metal compounds are soluble.
Rule #2 – All ammonium salts are soluble.
Rule #4 – All chloride, bromide and iodide salts
are soluble.
EXCEPT – Ag+, Hg22+, Pb22+
Rule #5 – All sulfates are soluble.
EXCEPT – Ba2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Hg22+, Pb22+
Rule #6 – All hydroxides are insoluble.
EXCEPT – Ba2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, alkali metals
Rule #7 – All sulfides are insoluble.
EXCEPT – alkali metals and alkaline earth metals
Rule #8 – All sulfites, carbonates, chromates and
phosphates are insoluble.
EXCEPT – NH4+, alkali metals
“like dissolves like”
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Barium
Strontium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminum
Manganese
Zinc
Chromium
Iron
Cadmium
Cobalt
Nickel
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Antimony
Bismuth
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Platinum
K+
Na+
Li+
Ba2+
Sr2+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Al3+
Mn2+
Zn2+
Cr2+
Fe2+
Cd2+
Co2+
Ni2+
Sn2+
Pb2+
H+
Sb2+
Bi2+
Cu2+
Hg2+
Ag+
Pt+
INCREASING REACTIVITY
Rule #3 – All nitrate, chlorate, acetate and
perchlorate salts are soluble.
Activity Series for Metals
(comparison)
Electron Affinity
Electronegativity
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