Uploaded by Nhã Khanh Nguyễn

2015-An-Investigation-on-Hot-Spot-Temperature-Calculation-Methods-of-Power-Transformers

advertisement
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
Vol:9, No:8, 2015
$Q,QYHVWLJDWLRQRQ+RW6SRW7HPSHUDWXUH&DOFXODWLRQ
0HWKRGVRI3RZHU7UDQVIRUPHUV
$KPHW<$UDEXO,EUDKLP6HQRO)DWPD.HVNLQ$UDEXO0XVWDID*$\GHQL]<DVHPLQ2QHU*RNKDQ.DONDQ
PRVWLPSRUWDQWDQGH[SHQVLYHHOHPHQWLQSRZHUWUDQVPLVVLRQ
OLQHV 3RZHU WUDQVIRUPHUV DYHUDJH OLIH LV \HDUV LI WKHUH LV
DQ XQH[SHFWHG IDLOXUH LQ WKH RSHUDWLQJ WKHUH ZLOO EH KXJH
HFRQRPLF ORVVHV 7KH RQOLQH PRQLWRULQJ RI WKH VSHFLILF
SDUDPHWHUV RI WKH SRZHU WUDQVIRUPHUV DQG SURFHVVLQJ WKHVH
SDUDPHWHUV E\ XVLQJ VSHFLILFDOO\ GHYHORSHG DOJRULWKPV ZLOO
KHOSWKHSRZHUWUDQVIRUPHUWRODVWIRUWKHH[SHFWHGVHUYLFHOLIH
7KLVZLOODOVRKHOSWRIRUHVHHWKHSRVVLEOHIDLOXUHVDQGWDNHWKH
QHFHVVDU\ PHDVXUHV WKXV SUHYHQWLQJ WKHVH SDUWLFXODU IDLOXUHV
WRRFFXU
2QOLQHPRQLWRULQJRISRZHUWUDQVIRUPHUVDQGFDQEHPDGH
RILWVSRWHQWLDOOLIHFDOFXODWLRQKDVEHFRPHSRVVLEOHZLWK706
*70 5HVHDUFK IRUHFDVWV WKH DQQXDO PDUNHW IRU WUDQVIRUPHU
PRQLWRULQJKDUGZDUHLQWKH86WRJURZGUDVWLFDOO\IURP
PLOOLRQ LQ WR PRUH WKDQ PLOOLRQ LQ ,Q WKH
86DYDULHW\RIIDFWRUVLQFOXGLQJDQDJLQJZRUNIRUFHDJLQJ
DVVHWV DQG WKH LQFUHDVLQJ YROXPH RI GDWD FUHDWHG E\ VPDUWHU
GHYLFHV RQ WKH JULG VXFK DV VPDUW PHWHUV DQG GLVWULEXWLRQ
DXWRPDWLRQ KDUGZDUH LV FUHDWLQJ WKH QHHG WR LQYHVW LQ
LQWHOOLJHQW WUDQVIRUPHUV DQG VRIWZDUH 7KH RXWILWWLQJ RI QHZ
DQG WKH UHWURILWWLQJ RI ROG SRZHU GLVWULEXWLRQ DQG VHFRQGDU\
WUDQVIRUPHUV ZLWK DGGLWLRQDO VHQVRUV DQG PRQLWRULQJ
HTXLSPHQW ZLOO WDNH TXLWH VRPH WLPH DV WKH\ DUH UHSODFHG
JUDGXDOO\ DV WKH\ IDLO RU DUH SKDVHG RXW GXH WR SHUFHLYHG RU
YHULILHGLQVXODWLRQDJLQJ>@
$FFRUGLQJ WR 7XUNLVK (OHFWULFLW\ 7UDQVPLVVLRQ &RPSDQ\
7(,$6 VSHFLILFDWLRQV LW LV PDQGDWRU\ WR XVH PRQLWRULQJ
V\VWHPVIRUWUDQVIRUPHUVZKLFKKDYH09$FDSDFLWLHVDQG
RYHU +RZHYHU ZLWK VPDUW JULG WHFKQRORJ\ QRW RQO\ SRZHU
WUDQVIRUPHUV EXW DOVR VHFRQGDU\ DQG FRQVXPHU WUDQVIRUPHUV
DUH H[SHFWHG WR EHFRPH PDQGDWRU\ LQ WKH QHDU IXWXUH RI WKH
PRQLWRULQJV\VWHP
6DIH DQG UHOLDEOH RSHUDWLRQ RI WKH SRZHU WUDQVIRUPHU LV D
VWXG\ VXEMHFW IRU GHFDGHV $OWKRXJK WKHUH DUH SHULRGLF
PDLQWHQDQFHV WR HQVXUH WKDW GLVDEOLQJ WUDQVIRUPHUV WR GLVUXSW
WKHFRQWLQXLW\RISRZHUVXSSO\WUDQVIRUPHUPDMRUIDLOXUHVPD\
RFFXU%HFDXVHRIVFKHGXOHGRUXQVFKHGXOHGPDLQWHQDQFHFRVW
DQGVWLOOFDQQRWEHDYRLGHGWKHIDXOWYDULRXVVWXGLHVKDYHEHHQ
FRQGXFWHGWRPRQLWRUWKHWUDQVIRUPHUDQGHTXLSPHQWLQUHFHQW
\HDUV>@±>@
0RQLWRULQJ V\VWHPV LQ JHQHUDO JLYHV WKH WUDQVIRUPHUV¶
XVLQJ WKH PHDVXUHG WRS DQG ERWWRP RLO WHPSHUDWXUH UHDGLQJV
WKH FXUUHQW IORZLQJ IURP WKH ORZ DQG KLJK YROWDJH ZLQGLQJV
VWDJHLQIRUPDWLRQDQGKHDWHGRLOIURPWKHJDVDQDO\VLVUHVXOWV
WKH SRVVLEOH IDXOW FRQGLWLRQV DQG WUDQVIRUPHU DJLQJ OLIH LQIRUPDWLRQ >@±>@ ,Q WKHVH V\VWHPV WKH PDLQ SDUDPHWHU
DIIHFWLQJWKHOLIHRIWKHWUDQVIRUPHULVWKHWHPSHUDWXUH>@7KH
HIIHFW RI KDUPRQLF FXUUHQWV DQG RYHUORDG LQFUHDVHV FRSSHU
Open Science Index, Energy and Power Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10003802
Abstract²,Q WKH VWDQGDUGV RI ,(& DQG ,(& WKUHH GLIIHUHQW KRWVSRW WHPSHUDWXUH HVWLPDWLRQ PHWKRGV DUH
VXJJHVWHG ,Q WKLV VWXG\ WKH DOJRULWKPV ZKLFK XVHG LQ KRWVSRW
WHPSHUDWXUH FDOFXODWLRQV DUH DQDO\]HG E\ FRPSDULQJ WKH DOJRULWKPV
ZLWK WKH UHVXOWV RI DQ H[SHULPHQWDO VHWXS PDGH E\ D 7UDQVIRUPHU
0RQLWRULQJ6\VWHP 706 LQXVH
,QWHVWHGV\VWHP706XVHVRQO\WRSRLOWHPSHUDWXUHDQGORDGUDWLR
IRUKRWVSRWWHPSHUDWXUHFDOFXODWLRQ$QGDOVRLWXVHVVRPHFRQVWDQWV
IURP VWDQGDUGV ZKLFK DUH RQ DJUHHG VWDWHPHQWV WDEOHV 'XULQJ WKH
WHVWVLWFDPHRXWWKDWKRWVSRWWHPSHUDWXUHFDOFXODWLRQPHWKRGLVMXVW
PDNLQJ D VLPSOH FDOFXODWLRQ DQG QRW XVHV VLJQLILFDQW DOO RWKHU
YDULDEOHVWKDWFRXOGDIIHFWWKHKRWVSRWWHPSHUDWXUH
Keywords²+RWVSRW WHPSHUDWXUH PRQLWRULQJ V\VWHP SRZHU
WUDQVIRUPHUVPDUWJULG
, ,1752'8&7,21
,
7 LV WRGD\ D YHU\ LPSRUWDQW VWXG\ VXEMHFW WR DQDO\]H WKH
ZD\V RI FRQGXFWLQJ HOHFWULFLW\ WR HQGXVHUV LQ DQ HIILFLHQW
DQG XQLQWHUUXSWHG PDQQHU VLQFH WKH GHSHQGHQFH RI HOHFWULFDO
HQHUJ\LVYHU\KLJK7KHPRVWLPSRUWDQWPDWWHURIWKLVVXEMHFW
FDOOHG ³VPDUW JULG´ LV WR PHDVXUH DQG PDQDJH HYHU\ VLQJOH
VWDJHRIWKHSURFHVVVWDUWLQJZLWKWKHJHQHUDWLRQRIWKHHQHUJ\
XQWLO LW LV FRQVXPHG >@ 6LQFH WKH\ DUH EXLOW ZLWK PDVVLYH
EXGJHWV WKH OLYHV RI SRZHU OLQHV DUH YHU\ LPSRUWDQW LVVXH ,W
VKRXOG DOVR EH NHSW LQ PLQG WKDW 7UDQVIRUPHU 0RQLWRULQJ
6\VWHPV 706 KDYH DQ LPSRUWDQW UROHDVD VXEVWUXFWXUHSDUW
IRU VPDUW JULGV DQG KDYH EHFRPH PDQGDWRU\ LQ PDQ\
FRXQWULHV 706 LV DOVR D SDUW RI VPDUW JULGV 706¶UROH LV WR
WUDQVIHUWKHHQHUJ\IORZGDWDDVZHOODVLWVIXQFWLRQRIJLYLQJ
LQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHVXVWDLQDELOLW\RIWKHHQHUJ\IORZEDVHG
RQ LWV FDOFXODWLRQV UHJDUGLQJ WKH WUDQVIRUPHU¶V OLIH 706
FDOFXODWHV WKH OLIHWLPH GDWD RI WKH WUDQVIRUPHU GHSHQGLQJ RQ
WKH ORDG FRQGLWLRQV DQG WKH KHDW RI WKH WUDQVIRUPHU +RWVSRW
WHPSHUDWXUH LV WKH PDLQ YDULDEOH RI OLIHWLPH FDOFXODWLRQ >@
>@
6PDUW JULG WHFKQRORJ\ EHJLQV WR WDNH DQ LPSRUWDQW UROH LQ
WKH FRQWLQXLW\ DQG TXDOLW\ RI HQHUJ\ KDV LQFUHDVHG WKH
LPSRUWDQFH RI WKH SRZHU WUDQVIRUPHU ZKLFK LV WKH RQH RI WKH
$ < $UDEXO LV ZLWK WKH (OHFWULFDO (QJLQHHULQJ 'HSDUWPHQW <LOGL]
7HFKQLFDO 8QLYHUVLW\ ,VWDQEXO 7XUNH\ FRUUHVSRQGLQJ DXWKRU WR
SURYLGH SKRQH ID[ HPDLO
DUDEXO#\LOGL]HGXWU , 6HQRO ) .HVNLQ $UDEXO 0 * $\GHQL] DQG < 2QHU DUH ZLWK WKH
(OHFWULFDO (QJLQHHULQJ 'HSDUWPHQW <LOGL] 7HFKQLFDO 8QLYHUVLW\ ,VWDQEXO
7XUNH\ HPDLO VHQRO#\LOGL]HGXWU INHVNLQ#\LOGL]HGXWU
D\GHQL]#\LOGL]HGXWU\RQHU#\LOGL]HGXWU * .DONDQ LV ZLWK WKH 5HVHDUFK 'HYHORSPHQW 'HSDUWPHQW %HVW
7UDQVIRUPHU
%DOLNHVLU
7XUNH\
HPDLO
JRNKDQNDONDQ#EHVWWUDQVIRUPHUFRP International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(8) 2015
1036
ISNI:0000000091950263
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
Vol:9, No:8, 2015
Open Science Index, Energy and Power Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10003802
ORVVHVDQGKHQFHWKHWHPSHUDWXUHLVLQFUHDVHG>@±>@
+RWVSRW WHPSHUDWXUH GHVFULEHV WKH KLJKHVW WHPSHUDWXUH RQ
WKH RLO RU ZLQGLQJ LV WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW SDUDPHWHUV RI WKH
WUDQVIRUPHU VOLIHFDOFXODWLRQ>@>@
+RWVSRW WHPSHUDWXUH LV RQH RI WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW
SDUDPHWHUV RI SRZHU WUDQVIRUPHU GHVLJQV +RWVSRW
WHPSHUDWXUH LV D IXQFWLRQ RI WKH RLO WHPSHUDWXUH DQG WKH KHDW
FDXVHG E\ WKH HGG\ FXUUHQW DQG MRXOH ORVVHV RQ WKH ZLQGLQJ
DQG LW LV WKH KLJKHVW WHPSHUDWXUH RQ WKH ZLQGLQJ 7KH PRVW
FRPPRQO\XVHGKRWVSRWFDOFXODWLRQPHWKRGVDUHWKHPHWKRGV
WKDWVSHFLILHGLQWKHVWDQGDUGV,(&,(&DQG
,(((&
*ULG JLDQWV OLNH $%% $OVWRP *( 6FKQHLGHU DQG 6 &
(OHFWULF &RPSDQ\ KDYH DOUHDG\ FDXJKW RQ WR WKH RSSRUWXQLW\
WKDW WUDQVIRUPHU WHFKQRORJ\ RIIHUV DQG DUH ZHOO SRVLWLRQHG WR
OHDGWKHPDUNHW
,QWKLVVWXG\RQHRIWKHPRVWXVHG706LQ7XUNH\LVXVHG
IRU D WHVW V\VWHP ZKLFK LV DOVR XVHG IRU DQRWKHU SURMHFW E\ D
ILUP ZKLFK LV SDUWQHU IRU D SURMHFW VSRQVRUHG E\ 0LQLVWU\ RI
6FLHQFH ,QGXVWU\ DQG 7HFKQRORJ\ 7KH HIIHFW RI WKH FKDQJHV
RIDOOSDUDPHWHUVRQKRWVSRWFDOFXODWLRQZHUHLQYHVWLJDWHG
A. Concept Designing Stage Hot-Spot Calculation Methods
,Q ,(& DQG ,(& WKUHH GLIIHUHQW KRWVSRW
HVWLPDWLRQ PHWKRGV DUH VXJJHVWHG )LUVW PHWKRG LV WKH HDVLHVW
RQH WKDW HQDEOHV WR PDNH DQ DSSUR[LPDWH KRWVSRW HVWLPDWLRQ
LQ FRQFHSW GHVLJQLQJ VWDJH 7KH EDVLF PDWKHPDWLFDO HTXDWLRQ
XVHGLQWKLVPHWKRGLVVKRZQLQ T HS
TO H u g u K y șHS +RW VSRW WHPSHUDWXUH șO 7RS RLO WHPSHUDWXUH g :LQGLQJRLOJUDGLHQWK 7KHUDWLRRIWKHDSSOLHGORDGWRWKH
QRPLQDOORDGy 2LOJUDGLHQWH[SRQHQWLDOFRQVWDQWH +RW
VSRW IDFWRU ,Q WKLV HTXDWLRQ ³\´ UDQJHV IL[HG E\ WKH FRROLQJ
W\SHDQGREWDLQHGIURPH[SHULPHQWDOPHWKRGV
7$%/(,
'(),1,7,2162)3$5$0(7(56,17+(50$/',$*5$0
6\PERO
$
%
&
'
(
,,0(7+2'2/2*<
7KHUPDO GLDJUDP XQGHUO\LQJ WKUHH GLIIHUHQW PHWKRGV VHW
RXWLQWKH,(&VWDQGDUGVLVVKRZQLQ)LJ%\WKLVGLDJUDPLW
LV DVVXPHG WKDW WKH RLO WHPSHUDWXUH LQVLGH WKH WDQN LQFUHDVHV
OLQHDUO\IURPERWWRPWRWRSZKDWHYHUWKHFRROLQJPRGH
*UDGLHQWYDOXHEHWZHHQWKHDYHUDJHRLOWHPSHUDWXUHDQGWKH
DYHUDJHZLQGLQJWHPSHUDWXUHYDOXHLVPXOWLSOLHGZLWKWKHKRW
VSRWIDFWRU + DQGLVDGGHGWRWKHWRSRLOWHPSHUDWXUHDQGWKH
SRLQW3LVORFDWHGZKLFKLVLQGLFDWHGWKHKRWVSRWWHPSHUDWXUH
7KXV WKH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WKH KRWVSRW DQG WKH WRS RLO
WHPSHUDWXUH LQ WKH WDQN LV VKRZQ DV + [ JU ,(& VWDQGDUGV
FRPPLWWHHLQWKHWKHUPDOGLDJUDPKDVDQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQWKH
SUHVHQFHRIWKHKRWVSRWWHPSHUDWXUHWKHYDOXHRIWKH+IDFWRU
XSGDWHG LQ VR WKDW + 46 +HUH LV 4 IDFWRU LV DQ
RULJLQDOYDOXHRIWKHFRLOGHSHQGVRQWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDQG6
IDFWRULVDYDOXHWKDWUHOHYDQWWRWKHHIILFLHQF\RIWKHFRROLQJ
OLTXLGLQWKHZLQGLQJV>@>@
JU
+
3
4
;D[LV
<D[LV
'HVFULSWLRQ
7RSRLOWHPSHUDWXUHGHULYHGDVWKHDYHUDJHRIWKHWDQNRXWOHWRLO
WHPSHUDWXUHDQGWKHWDQNRLOSRFNHWWHPSHUDWXUH
0L[HGRLOWHPSHUDWXUHLQWKHWDQNDWWKHWRSRIWKHZLQGLQJ
RIWHQDVVXPHGWREHWKHVDPHWHPSHUDWXUHDV$ 7HPSHUDWXUHRIWKHDYHUDJHRLOLQWKHWDQN
2LOWHPSHUDWXUHDWWKHERWWRPRIWKHZLQGLQJ
%RWWRPRIWKHWDQN
$YHUDJHZLQGLQJWRDYHUDJHRLO LQWDQN WHPSHUDWXUHJUDGLHQW
DWUDWHGFXUUHQW
+RWVSRWIDFWRU
+RWVSRWWHPSHUDWXUH
$YHUDJHZLQGLQJWHPSHUDWXUHGHWHUPLQHGE\UHVLVWDQFH
PHDVXUHPHQW
7HPSHUDWXUH
5HODWLYHSRVLWLRQV
B. Exponential Equations Solution
$QRWKHU PHWKRG LV GHYHORSHG WR HVWLPDWH WKH KRWVSRW
WHPSHUDWXUH RI WKH WUDQVIRUPHU ORDG YDULDWLRQ DFFRUGLQJ WR D
VWHS IXQFWLRQ DQG ,(& PHWKRG LV FDOOHG DV
H[SRQHQWLDO VROXWLRQ 7KLVPHWKRG LV VXLWDEOHIRU VWHS ORDGV
DQG GHYHORS IRU WKH UHPDLQLQJ WUDQVIRUPHUV DUH VXEMHFWHG
SURORQJHGORDGLQJ
7KHKRWVSRWWHPSHUDWXUHLVHTXDOWRWKHVXPRIWKHDPELHQW
WHPSHUDWXUH WKH WRSRLO WHPSHUDWXUH ULVH LQ WKH WDQN DQG WKH
WHPSHUDWXUH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WKH KRWVSRW WHPSHUDWXUH DQG
WRSRLOWHPSHUDWXUHLQWKHWDQN
7KHWHPSHUDWXUHLQFUHDVHWRDOHYHOFRUUHVSRQGLQJWRDORDG
IDFWRURI.LVJLYHQE\ Th t
°­
x
ª R u K º
°½
» 'T oi ¾ u f t ¬ R ¼
¿°
T a 'Toi ®'T or u «
¯°
'T hi ^ Hg r K 'T hi ` u f t y
&RUUHVSRQGLQJO\ WHPSHUDWXUH GHFUHDVH WR D OHYHO
FRUUHVSRQGLQJWRDORDGIDFWRURI.LVJLYHQE\ )LJ7KHUPDO'LDJUDP>@
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(8) 2015
1037
ISNI:0000000091950263
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
Vol:9, No:8, 2015
DFFRXQW 7KH VHFRQG WHUP ZLWK QXPHUDWRU N± UHSUHVHQWV
WKH YDU\LQJ UDWH RI RLO IORZ SDVW WKH KRWVSRW D SKHQRPHQRQ
ZKLFK FKDQJHV PXFK PRUH VORZO\ 7KH FRPELQHG HIIHFW RI
WKHVHWZRWHUPVLVWRDFFRXQWIRUWKHIDFWWKDWDVXGGHQULVHLQ
ORDG FXUUHQW PD\ FDXVH DQ RWKHUZLVH XQH[SHFWHGO\ KLJK SHDN
LQ WKH KRWVSRW WHPSHUDWXUH ULVH YHU\ VRRQ DIWHU WKH VXGGHQ
ORDGFKDQJH9DOXHVIRUNNNDQGWKHRWKHUSDUDPHWHUV
VKRZQ DUH GLVFXVVHG DQG VXJJHVWHG YDOXHV JLYHQ LQ 7DEOH ,,
>@
$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH ,(& VWDQGDUGV ³,I WKH ORDG EHDULQJ
FDSDFLW\RIDQLQVXODWLRQPDWHULDOGHFUHDVHVWRKDOIRIWKHORDG
EHDULQJFDSDFLW\RIWKHXQXVHGLQVXODWLRQPDWHULDOLWLQGLFDWHV
WKDW WKH PDWHULDO LV FRPSOHWHO\ DJHG DQG LWV VHUYLFH OLIH LV
H[SLUHG´ (TXDWLRQV KDYH EHHQ IRUPXOL]HG DQG
VWDQGDUGL]HGGXHWRWKHUHVXOWVRIWHVWVDQGH[WHQVLYHUHVHDUFK
7KHUHIRUHE\GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH KRWVSRW WHPSHUDWXUH FRUUHFWO\
WKHORVVRIOLIHRIDWUDQVIRUPHUFDQEHHVWLPDWHG
x
ª R u K º
T a 'Tor u «
» ¬ R ¼
Th t
x
­°
ª R u K º ½°
y
T
T
'
'
u
® oi
or
«
» ¾ u f t Hg r K
R
¬
¼ ¿°
¯°
IIYHIFRXOGEHFDOFXODWHGE\ 7KHFRQVWDQWVZKLFK
LQGLFDWHLQWKHVHHTXDWLRQVFDQIRXQGE\XVLQJ7DEOH,,
t k uW f t
e
f t
k u e
f t
e
t k uW w
k u e
t W k Open Science Index, Energy and Power Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10003802
t k uW C.Difference Equations Solution
7KH GLIIHUHQFH PHWKRG LV DQRWKHU PHWKRG ZKLFK XVHV WKH
KHDWWUDQVIHUHTXDWLRQVWRGHWHUPLQHWKHXSSHURLODQGWKHKRW
VSRWWHPSHUDWXUHV:LWKLQWKUHHPHWKRGVWKLVPHWKRGJLYHVWKH
FORVHVW UHVXOW WR WKH WHVW UHVXOWV XQGHU WKH VXGGHQ ORDGLQJ
FRQGLWLRQVDQGWKHSURSRVHGPHWKRGIRUPRQLWRULQJV\VWHPVLQ
,(&VWDQGDUG>@>@
7KHGLIIHUHQWLDOHTXDWLRQVDUHUHSUHVHQWHGLQEORFNGLDJUDP
IRUP LQ )LJ 2EVHUYH LQ )LJ WKDW WKH LQSXWV DUH WKH ORDG
IDFWRU . DQG WKH DPELHQW WHPSHUDWXUH șD RQ WKH OHIW 7KH
RXWSXWLVWKHGHVLUHGKRWVSRWWHPSHUDWXUHșKRQWKHULJKW7KH
/DSODFHYDULDEOHVLVHVVHQWLDOO\WKHGHULYDWLYHRSHUDWRUGGW
,Q)LJWKHVHFRQGEORFNLQWKHXSSHUPRVWSDWKUHSUHVHQWV
WKHKRWVSRWULVHG\QDPLFV7KHILUVWWHUP ZLWKQXPHUDWRUN UHSUHVHQWV WKH IXQGDPHQWDO KRWVSRW WHPSHUDWXUH ULVH EHIRUH
WKHHIIHFWRIFKDQJLQJRLOIORZSDVWWKHKRWVSRWLVWDNHQLQWR
k
k kW w s W k s
'T hr K y
ª K R º
'T or «
»
¬ R ¼
Ta
x
'T h
Th
To
'T o
kW s
kW s
To
)LJ%ORFNGLDJUDPUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHGLIIHUHQWLDOHTXDWLRQV
7$%/(,,
5(&200(1'('7+(50$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&6)25(;321(17,$/(48$7,216
21$1 0HGLXPDQGODUJHSRZHUWUDQVIRUPHUV
21$1 21$1
21$) 21$)
2)
2'
2LOH[SRQHQWx
:LQGLQJH[SRQHQWy
&RQVWDQWk11
&RQVWDQWk21
&RQVWDQWk22
2)
7LPHFRQVWDQW W 7LPHFRQVWDQW W w 'LVWULEXWLRQWUDQVIRUPHUV
5HVWULFWHG
127(,IDZLQGLQJRIDQ21RU2)FRROHGWUDQVIRUPHULV]LJ]DJFRROHGDUDGLDOVSDFHUWKLFNQHVVRIOHVVWKDQPPPLJKWFDXVHDUHVWULFWHGRLOFLUFXODWLRQ
LHDKLJKHUPD[LPXPYDOXHRIWKHIXQFWLRQI W WKDQREWDLQHGE\VSDFHUV•PP
,,, 7(676<67(0
SODFH RQ WKH ERLOHU $QG DOVR WKH DPELHQW WHPSHUDWXUH LQ WKH
VXQDQGVKDGHLVSURYLGHGE\SWV
,Q WKH WUDQVIRUPHU PRQLWRULQJ XQLWV WUDQVIRUPHU¶V
VHFRQGDU\DQGSULPDU\FXUUHQWLQIRUPDWLRQEDVHGRQDFXUUHQW
RI $ RQ WKH RWKHU KDQG WUDQVGXFHUV SURYLGHV WR UHDG
WUDQVIRUPHUFXUUHQWLQIRUPDWLRQRQVFUHHQE\FRQYHUWLQJ
P$ 7KLV UHJXODWHG SRZHU VXSSO\ XVLQJ VLPXODWLRQV E\
SURYLGLQJ WKH FXUUHQW VWDWXV RI $ LV SURYLGHG FXUUHQW
,QWKHWUDQVIRUPHUPRQLWRULQJWHVWV\VWHPLWLVSURYLGHGWKDW
WUDQVSRUWLQJWKHQHFHVVDU\VLJQDOVWR706SDQHOE\VLPXODWLQJ
WKHVLJQDOVDQGLQIRUPDWLRQXVHGLQWUDQVIRUPHU )LJ 7UDQVIRUPHUERWWRPRLODQGWRSRLOWHPSHUDWXUHLQIRUPDWLRQ
WDSFKDQJHU WHPSHUDWXUH LQIRUPDWLRQ LQ WKH VXQ DQG LQ WKH
VKDGH DW DPELHQW WHPSHUDWXUH LQIRUPDWLRQ LV SURYLGHG E\
SWV5HODWHGSWVLQVWDOODWLRQDUHPDGHWRWKHDSSURSULDWH
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(8) 2015
1038
ISNI:0000000091950263
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
Vol:9, No:8, 2015
72
Û&
+6
Û&
7$%/(,,,
/2$',1*&+$1*(62)75$16)250(5
$PELHQW
%2
/5 7& 7& &DOF
Û&
Û&
3RV Û&
Ɓ
Ɓ
72
Û&
+6
Û&
7$%/(,9
7232,/&+$1*(62)75$16)250(5
$PELHQW
%2
/5 7& 7& &DOF
Û&
3RV Û&
Û&
Ɓ
Ɓ
&RUU
LQIRUPDWLRQQHFHVVDU\WR706ERDUG
&RUU
6HFRQGO\WKHWRSRLOWHPSHUDWXUHZKLFKFDQEHVHHWKDWKDVD
GLUHFWHIIHFWWRWKHFDOFXODWLRQVRIKRWVSRWWHPSHUDWXUH$VLW
LVUHYHDOHGIURPKHUHKRZPXFKWRSRLOWHPSHUDWXUHFKDQJHG
WKH KRWVSRW WHPSHUDWXUH KDV LQFUHDVHG RU GHFUHDVHG E\ WKH
VDPH YDOXH 6R LQ WKH KRWVSRW FDOFXODWLRQ PHWKRG WRS RLO
WHPSHUDWXUH LV FDOFXODWHG ZLWKRXW D IDFWRU VHH 7DEOH ,9 $IWHU WKLV ERWWRP RLO WHPSHUDWXUH FKDQJHV DUH VWXGLHG DQG
VKRZQLQ7DEOH9,WLVREVHUYHGWKDWERWWRPRLOWHPSHUDWXUHV¶
FKDQJHVGLGQ¶WDIIHFWDQ\SDUDPHWHUIRU+6LVREVHUYHG$OVR
LIZHORRNDWWKHODVWYDOXHVRI7DEOH,9LWLVVHHQWKDWWKH+6
WHPSHUDWXUH ORZHU WKDQ WKHERWWRP RLO 7KLV LV WKH RQHRIWKH
LQGLFDWRUV IRU LJQRUDQFH WKH ERWWRP RLO WHPSHUDWXUH KDV QR
HIIHFWRQ+6FDOFXODWLRQ
7R REVHUYH ZKHWKHU WKH WHPSHUDWXUH RI WKH DPELHQW
WHPSHUDWXUH HIIHFW RQ WKH +6 WHPSHUDWXUH WKH VXQ DQG WKH
VKDGHDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHFKDQJHVZHUHH[DPLQHG$VLVVHHQ
LQWKHVHSDUDPHWHUVKDYHQRHIIHFWRQWKH+6WHPSHUDWXUH 6HH
7DEOH9, )LJ7UDQVIRUPHU0RQLWRULQJ7HVW6\VWHP
7KHNQRZOHGJH OHYHO RI WKHVZLWFK WRUHDG WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ
IURP 706 ERDUG OHYHO VLJQDO LV SURYLGHG RQ WKH UHVLVWDQFH
RXWSXW PRGXOH FDUG 7KHUH DUH ȍ UHVLVWRU DW HDFK OHYHO 7KLV VLWXDWLRQ VLPXODWHV WKH UHVLVWDQFH RXWSXW PRGXOH DUH
PRXQWHGRQ WKH ERDUG6WHS LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH PRYHPHQW RI
WKHVKDIWE\LQVHUWLQJWKHVKDIWOHYHUVZLWFKVDWLVILHVWKHFDUGLV
LQWHQGHGWRFKDQJHWKHOHYHO
+<'5$&2/ LV XVHG IRU WUDQVIRUPHU RLO DQDO\VLV ZKLFK LV
WKH PRVW ZLGHO\ XVHG WUDQVIRUPHU RLO DQDO\VLV GHYLFH 7KH
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ RI +<'5$&2/ ZLWK 706 SDQHO LV PDGH
IURPWKH56SRUWRQWKH+<'5$&2/
7UDQVIRUPHU SURWHFWLRQ GHYLFHV WUDQVSRUW WKH VLJQDOV DV
FRQWDFW LQIRUPDWLRQ WR 706 ERDUG ,Q FDVH RI WKH SURWHFWLRQ
GHYLFHJLYHVVLJQDOVFDQEHUHDGZKLFKSURWHFWLRQVLJQDOJLYHV
ZKDWVLJQDOIURP706ERDUG,QWKLVFDVHWKHODWFKEXWWRQLV
XVHGWRVLPXODWHEXWWRQKDVRSHQFRQWDFWVDUHXVHG7KHILUVW
RSHQ FRQWDFW ZLWK WKH VLJQDO OLJKW LV XVHG WR VHH LI LWV YLVXDO
VLJQDO WKH VHFRQG FRQWDFW ZDV VHQW DV D VLJQDO WR WKH 706
FDELQHW ,Q WKH VDPH ZD\ WKH RSHUDWLRQ RI WKH IDQ JURXSV DUH
XVHGODWFKEXWWRQV2SHUDWLRQRIWKHIDQZKLFKLVDVVHPEOHGRQ
WKHERLOHULVSURYLGHGE\ILUVWFRQWDFW7KHVHFRQGFRQWDFWZDV
VHQWDVDVLJQDOWRWKH7(&FDELQHW
7$%/(9
72
Û&
+6
Û&
%277202,/&+$1*(62)75$16)250(5
$PELHQW
/5 7& 7& &DOF
%2
3RV Û&
Û&
Û&
Ɓ
Ɓ
,9 5(68/76$1'',6&866,21
$IWHU WKH WHVW V\VWHP LV SUHSDUHG SDUDPHWHUV WRS RLO
WHPSHUDWXUH 72 KRWVSRW WHPSHUDWXUH +6 ERWWRP RLO
WHPSHUDWXUH %2 DPELHQW WHPSHUDWXUH LQ WKH VXQ DPELHQW
WHPSHUDWXUHLQWKHVKDGHORDGUDWLR /5 WDSFKDQJHUSRVLWLRQ
7&3RV DQGWKHWDSFKDQJHUWHPSHUDWXUH 7& WKDWFRQQHFWHG
WR V\VWHP DUH FKDQJHG E\ RUGHU IRU REVHUYLQJ WKH FKDQJHV RI
KRWVSRW WHPSHUDWXUH DQG FRPSDUHG ZLWK WKH UHVXOWV WKDW
FDOFXODWHG &DOF E\FRQFHSWGHVLJQLQJVWDJHIRUPXODDQGWKH
FRUUHFWLRQ &RUU LVJLYHQDWWKHHQGRIDOOWDEOHV)LUVWRIDOO
WUDQVIRUPHU¶V ORDGLQJ UDWLR /5 DUH DQDO\]HG DQG VKRZQ LQ
7DEOH,,,$VVKRZQLQWKLVWDEOHORDGIDFWRULVRQHRIWKHPRVW
LPSRUWDQWIDFWRUVWKDWHIIHFWVKRWVSRWWHPSHUDWXUH
&RUU
72
Û&
7$%/(9,
$0%,(177(03(5$785(6&+$1*(2)75$16)250(5
$PELHQW
/5 7& 7& &DOF
+6
%2
3RV Û&
Û&
Û&
Û&
Ɓ
Ɓ
&RUU
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(8) 2015
Open Science Index, Energy and Power Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10003802
1039
ISNI:0000000091950263
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
Vol:9, No:8, 2015
72
Û&
7$%/(9,,
7$3&+$1*(59$/8(6&+$1*(2)75$16)250(5
$PELHQW
+6 %2
/5
7& 7& &DOF
Û&
Û&
3RV Û&
Û&
Ɓ
Ɓ
&RUU
5()(5(1&(6
>@ /9HQGRUV%.HOOLVRQ6*ULGDQG$*WP³7UDQVIRUPHU0RQLWRULQJ
0DUNHWV 7HFKQRORJLHV´ 2QOLQH $YDLODEOH
KWWSZZZJUHHQWHFKPHGLDFRPUHVHDUFKUHSRUWWUDQVIRUPHU
PRQLWRULQJPDUNHWV
>@ '6XVD³'\QDPLF7KHUPDO0RGHOOLQJRI3RZHU7UDQVIRUPHUV´
>@ - 'HFOHUFT DQG : 9DQ 'HU 9HNHQ ³$FFXUDWH KRW VSRW PRGHOLQJ LQ D
SRZHUWUDQVIRUPHUOHDGLQJWRLPSURYHGGHVLJQDQGSHUIRUPDQFH´
,(((7UDQVP'LVWULE&RQI &DW1R&+ YRO
>@ 0 5RVQHU - :HHQHQ DQG ; + ; +DR ³%HQHILWV RI FRPSUHKHQVLYH
DQG LQWHUDFWLYH RQOLQH PRQLWRULQJ DQG H[SHUW V\VWHPV IRU SRZHU
WUDQVIRUPHUV´,QW&RQI&RQG0RQLW'LDJQRVLVSS±
>@ 5+H\ZRRGDQG65\GHU³:K\7UDQVIRUPHUV)DLOE\+RQJ]KL'LQJ´
SS±
>@ ³$%% 5HPRWH FRQGLWLRQ PRQLWRULQJ´ 2QOLQH $YDLODEOH
KWWSQHZDEEFRPSURGXFWVWUDQVIRUPHUVVHUYLFHPDLQWHQDQFHUHPRWH
FRQGLWLRQPRQLWRULQJ
>@ ³*( 0RQLWRULQJ DQG 'LDJQRVWLFV´
2QOLQH $YDLODEOH
KWWSZZZJHGLJLWDOHQHUJ\FRP0'KWP
>@ ³$OVWRP 06 7UDQVIRUPHUV¶ PRQLWRULQJ V\VWHP´ 2QOLQH $YDLODEOH
KWWSZZZDOVWRPFRPJULGSURGXFWVDQGVHUYLFHVKLJK
YROWDJHSRZHUSURGXFWVHOHFWULFDOSRZHUWUDQVIRUPHUV06
7UDQVIRUPHUVPRQLWRULQJV\VWHP
>@ -/L7-LDQJDQG6*U]\ERZVNL³+RWVSRWWHPSHUDWXUHPRGHOVEDVHG
RQ WRSRLO WHPSHUDWXUH IRU RLO LPPHUVHG WUDQVIRUPHUV´ LQ ,(((
&RQIHUHQFHRQ(OHFWULFDO,QVXODWLRQDQG'LHOHFWULF3KHQRPHQDSS
±
>@ '05REDOLQR9DQHJDVDQG600DKDMDQ³&RUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQKRW
VSRWWHPSHUDWXUHDQGDJLQJIDFWRURIRLOLPPHUVHGFXUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUV´
LQ,(((3RZHUDQG(QHUJ\6RFLHW\*HQHUDO0HHWLQJ&RQYHUVLRQ
DQG'HOLYHU\RI(OHFWULFDO(QHUJ\LQWKHVW&HQWXU\SS±
>@ 6 7DKHUL 6 6KDKDEL DQG $ *KRODPL ³7UDQVIRUPHU KRW VSRW
WHPSHUDWXUH DVVHVVPHQW WHUPLQDWHG DW WUDQVPLVVLRQ OLQH WKURXJKD FDEOH
XQGHU OLJKWQLQJ LPSXOVHV´ LQ ,((( (852&21 SS ±
>@ ) -RVXH , $ULILDQWR 5 6DHUV - 5RVHQOLQG DQG 3 +LOEHU
³7UDQVIRUPHU KRWVSRW WHPSHUDWXUH HVWLPDWLRQ IRU VKRUWWLPH G\QDPLF
ORDGLQJ´ LQ ,((( ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ &RQGLWLRQ
0RQLWRULQJDQG'LDJQRVLVSS±
>@ 4LDQ ;LDQJ]KRQJ 0X 6KXDL DQG <X 'HPLQJ ³'HVLJQ RI WKH SRZHU
WUDQVIRUPHU ZLQGLQJ KRW VSRW WHPSHUDWXUH RQOLQH GHWHFWLQJ V\VWHP´ LQ
,(((3RZHU(QJLQHHULQJDQG$XWRPDWLRQ&RQIHUHQFHYRO
SS±
>@ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6WDQGDUG ,(& 3RZHU 7UDQVIRUPHUV3DUW /RDGLQJJXLGHIRURLOLPPHUVHGSRZHUWUDQVIRUPHUV
>@ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6WDQGDUG ,(& 3RZHU 7UDQVIRUPHUV3DUW 7HPSHUDWXUHULVHIRUOLTXLGLPPHUVHGSRZHUWUDQVIRUPHUV
Open Science Index, Energy and Power Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10003802
)LQDOO\ FKDQJHV LQ WKH WDSFKDQJHU ZHUH H[DPLQHG )RU
WKLV SULRUO\ WKH WDS FKDQJHU¶V WHPSHUDWXUH YDULDWLRQV DUH
DQDO\]HG WKDQ WKH SRVLWLRQV RI WKH WDSFKDQJHU DUH FKDQJHG
DQG VKRZQ RQ 7DEOH 9,, $V VHHQ IURP WKH WDEOH WKLV
SDUDPHWHU KDV QR SODFH LQ WKH FDOFXODWLRQ RI WKH KRW VSRW
WHPSHUDWXUH
:KHQ DOO UHVXOWV DUH DQDO\]HG LW LV REVHUYHG WKDW 706
GRHVQ¶W XVH WDSFKDQJHU SRVLWLRQ WDSFKDQJHU WHPSHUDWXUH
ERWKDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHVDQGERWWRPRLOWHPSHUDWXUHYDOXHV
IRUFDOFXODWLQJ+6WHPSHUDWXUH,QFDOFXODWLRQRQO\ORDGUDWLR
DQGWRSRLOWHPSHUDWXUHYDOXHVDIIHFWWKH+6WHPSHUDWXUH
,ILWLVFDOFXODWHGE\FRQFHSWGHVLJQLQJVWDJHIRUPXODUHVXOWV
DUHFRUUHFWE\DUDWLRRI7KHUHDVRQRIWKHGLIIHUHQFH
LQ WKHVH UHVXOWV PD\ EH RI URXQGLQJ WKH YDOXHV RI 706
+RZHYHUWKHUHVXOWVDUHQHJOLJLEOH
9&21&/86,21
7KHXVHRI706ZLOOSURYLGHWUDQVIRUPHUVWRVSHQGDORQJ
OLIH ZLWKRXW D IDLOXUH 7KLV ZLOO EULQJ KXJH SOXV LQ WHUPV RI
HQHUJ\ SROLFLHV WR FRXQWULHV $W WKH VDPH WLPH WKLV LV DQ
LPSRUWDQW WRRO IRU VPDUW JULG WHFKQRORJ\ E\ FRQWLQXLW\ DQG
LQFUHDVHWKHTXDOLW\RIHQHUJ\
,Q WHVWHG V\VWHP 706 XVLQJ RQO\ WRS RLO WHPSHUDWXUH DQG
ORDGUDWLRIRUKRWVSRWWHPSHUDWXUHFDOFXODWLRQ$QGDOVRVRPH
FRQVWDQWV DUH XVLQJ IURP VWDQGDUGV ZKLFK DUH RQ DJUHHG
VWDWHPHQWVWDEOHV
'XULQJ WKH WHVWV LW FDPH RXW WKDW KRWVSRW WHPSHUDWXUH
FDOFXODWLRQPHWKRGLVMXVWPDNLQJDVLPSOHFDOFXODWLRQDQGQRW
UHFHLYHVLJQLILFDQWDOORWKHUYDULDEOHVWKDWFRXOGDIIHFWWKHKRW
VSRWWHPSHUDWXUH$OVRLWLVREVHUYHGLQVRPHUHVXOWVWKDWKRW
VSRWWHPSHUDWXUHZKLFKGHVFULEHVWKHKRWWHVWSRLQWWHPSHUDWXUH
RI WKH WUDQVIRUPHU LV OHVV WKDQ ERWWRP RLO WHPSHUDWXUH DUH
LOORJLFDO
)RU IXWXUH VWXG\ FDOFXODWLRQ FRUUHFWQHVV RI WKH KRWVSRW
WHPSHUDWXUH FDQ EH PDGH ILQHU E\ LQFUHDVLQJ WKH QXPEHU RI
YDULDEOHVXVHGLQWKHDOJRULWKP
$KPHW <LJLW $UDEXO ZDV ERUQ LQ ,VWDQEXO7XUNH\ LQ
+H UHFHLYHG KLV %& GHJUHH LQ DQG 06F
GHJUHH LQ LQ (OHFWULFDO (QJLQHHULQJ IURP <LOGL]
7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\,VWDQEXO7XUNH\+HLVFXUUHQWO\D
3K' &DQGLGDWH DW <LOGL] 7HFKQLFDO 8QLYHUVLW\ +LV
UHVHDUFK DUHDV DUH SRZHU WUDQVIRUPHU PRQLWRULQJ
V\VWHPVDQGHOHFWULFDOPDFKLQH
*RNKDQ .DONDQ JUDGXDWHG KLV 06F GHJUHH ZLWK D ILUVW LQ IURP
8QLYHUVLW\ RI 0DQFKHVWHU $QG KH UHFHLYHG KLV 3K' LQ IURP ,PSHULDO
&ROOHJH /RQGRQ +H KDV EHHQ ZRUNLQJ DW %(67 7UDQVIRUPHU &RPSDQ\ DV D
5 ''HSDUWPHQW0DQDJHUVLQFH+LVUHVHDUFKDUHDVDUHPHFKDQLFDODQG
SK\VLFDO SURSHUWLHV RI FHOOXORVH PDWHULDOV XVHG LQ SRZHU WUDQVIRUPHUV
VWUXFWXUDO LQWHJULW\ RI WKH FKDUJHG PDWHULDOV LQ WHUP RI HOHFWURPDJQHWLFV
FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDOV DQG HOHFWULFDO DQDO\VHV RI HOHFWURPHFKDQLFDO REMHFWV
XQGHUKLJKYROWDJHDQGFRXSOHGPDJQHWLFILHOGDQDO\VHV
$&.12:/('*0(17
7KLVSURMHFWLVVXSSRUWHGE\6$17(=SURJUDPRI5HSXEOLF
RI 7XUNH\ 0LQLVWU\ RI 6FLHQFH ,QGXVWU\ DQG 7HFKQRORJ\
XQGHU SURMHFW QXPEHU RI 67= 7KH DXWKRUV ZLVK
WR WKDQN WR WKH 5 ' 'HSDUWPHQW RI %(67 7UDQVIRUPHU
&RPSDQ\IRUWKHLUVXSSRUWRQWKLVVWXG\
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(8) 2015
1040
ISNI:0000000091950263
Download