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IV 560
Critical Theory/Habermas: the ideology-critical
examination with tradition can only aim at the truth
content of philosophical concepts and problems, at
the appropriation of their systematic content
Ha I
because criticism is guided by theoretical
J. Habermas
assumptions. At the time of Adorno, Benjamin,
Marcuse, Löwenthal and Fromm, Critical Theory
Der philosophische
was still based on Marxist philosophy of history,
Diskurs der
namely the belief that the productive forces
Moderne Frankfurt
developed an objectively bursting force. Only
1988
under this condition could critique limit itself to
"raising awareness of the possibilities to which the
Ha III
historical situation itself has matured" (1).
>
>
Habermas: without a theory of history there could Jürgen Habermas
Habermas, Critical not be an immanent criticism of the figures of the Theorie des
Jürgen
Theory objective mind. Otherwise, it would have to
kommunikativen
surrender historically to the respective standards of Handelns Bd. I
an epoch. The research program of the 1930s
Frankfurt/M. 1981
stood and fell with the historical-philosophical
confidence in a rational potential of bourgeois
Ha IV
culture that would be released in social
movements under the pressure of the developed Jürgen Habermas
productive forces. Ironically, however, Horkheimer, Theorie des
Marcuse
kommunikativen
IV 561
Handelns Bd. II
and Adorno strengthen the assumption, particularly
Frankfurt/M. 1981
through their ideology-critical works, that culture
loses its autonomy in post-liberal societies and is
incorporated into the drive of the economicadministrative system in the de-sublimated forms
Philosophy Dictionary of Arguments
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of mass culture.
Only instrumental reason, spread out into totality,
is embodied in the totally administered society.
This transforms everything that is into real
abstraction (see Terminology/Marx). But then what
is seized and distorted by these abstractions must
escape empirical access.
HabermasVsCritical Theory: Critical Theory could
not yet ascertain its normative foundations in
historical philosophy. This soil was not viable for
an empirical research programme. This was also
shown by the fact that a clearly defined object area
such as the communicative everyday practice of
the lifeworld, in which structures of rationality are
embodied and where processes of reification can
be identified, was missing. Critical Theory
suddenly contrasted the consciousness of
individuals with the inwardly, intrapsychically only
prolonged social integration mechanisms.
Solution/Habermas: on the other hand, the theory
of communicative action of the reasonable content
of anthropologically deep-seated structures can be
asserted in an analysis that is initially
reconstructive, i.e. unhistorical.
IV 562
It writes structures of action and understanding,
which can be read from the intuitive knowledge of
competent members of modern societies. There is
no way back to a history theory that does not
separate a fortiori between problems of
developmental logic and development dynamics.
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1.H.Marcuse, Philosophie und Kritische Theorie,
in. Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung, Hg.6, 1937, S.
647.
_____________
Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source,
arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding
books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment
by the sender of the contribution.
The note [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] is an
addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition
is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.
> Counter arguments against Habermas
> Counter arguments in relation to Critical Theory
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Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2019-06-21
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