MS-CS 2nd
By
Fizza Rauf
(2014-ag-5797)
Shafaq Shakoor (2014-ag-5835)
MS-CS 2nd
What is Zigbee?
• ZigBee is a new wireless technology
• Standard Created for Control and Sensor
Networks.
• Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard
• Designed for wireless personal area networks
(WPANs)
• Zigbee’s WPANS operates at 868 MHz, 902928 MHz and 2.4 GHz frequencies.
• The data rate is 250 kbps.
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Characteristics
• Low power consumption
• Low Cost
• Simply implemented
• Users expect batteries to last many months to years
• High density of nodes per network
‘Theoretically, your ZigBee-enabled coffee maker can
communicate with your ZigBee-enabled toaster.’
Applications
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ZigBee applications include:
•
•
•
•
•
Home and office automation
Industrial automation
Medical monitoring
Low-power sensors
HVAC control
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Applications
monitors
sensors
automation
control
monitors
diagnostics
sensors
INDUSTRIAL
&
COMMERCIAL
CONSUMER
ELECTRONICS
TV VCR
DVD/CD
Remote
control
ZigBee
LOW DATA-RATE
RADIO DEVICES
PERSONAL
HEALTH
CARE
consoles
portables
educational
TOYS &
GAMES
HOME
AUTOMATION
PC &
PERIPHERALS
security
HVAC
lighting
closures
mouse
keyboard
joystick
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How ZigBee Works?
 ZigBee basically uses digital radios to allow
devices to communicate with one another.
 There are three different ZigBee device types
that operate on the layers in any selforganizing application network
 ZigBee Coordinator
 Full Function Device (FFD)
 Reduced Function Device(RFD)
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1.Zigbee Coordinator
A network coordinator is a device that sets
up the network.
It acts as a root and bridge of the network.
It is aware of all the nodes within its
network
It manages the information about each
node
It also manages the information that is
being transmitted/received within the
network.
Every ZigBee network must contain a
network coordinator.
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2. The full Function Device
• An intermediatory router transmitting data from
other devices.
• It supports all of the 802.15.4 functions
• Needs lesser memory than Zigbee coordinator
node
• Lesser manufacturing cost.
• Can operate on all topologies
• They can serve as network coordinators,
network routers, or as devices that interact with
the physical world.
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3.The Reduced Function Device
• Device that interact with the physical world
• Device capable of talking in the network
• It cannot relay data from other devices
• Less memory
• Cheaper than FFD
• It talks only to the n/w coordinator
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ZigBee Devices:
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Architecture
• Layered architecture
• These layers facilitate the features that
make ZigBee very attractive:
 low cost
 easy implementation
 reliable data transfer
 short-range operations
 very low power consumption
 adequate security features
Architecture
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Layers
1. Physical (PHY) layer
2. Media access control (MAC) layer
3.Network and Application Support layer
Architecture
Physical Layer
 The physical layer performs modulation on outgoing
signals and demodulation on incoming signals. It
transmits information and receives information from a
source.
Architecture
Media Access Control (MAC) Layer
 The functions of the MAC layer are to access the
network by using carrier-sense multiple access with
collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), to transmit beacon
frames for synchronization, and to provide reliable
transmission.
Architecture
Network Layer
 The network layer is located between the MAC layer
and application support sub layer. It provides the
following functions:
 Starting a network
 Managing end devices joining or leaving a network
 Route discovery
 Neighbor discovery
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IEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee
Application
Customer
API
Security
– “the software”
32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption
Network
ZigBee
Alliance
– Brand management
Star / Mesh / Cluster-Tree
MAC
IEEE
802.15.4
PHY
868MHz / 915MHz /2.4GHz
Silicon
Stack
– Network, Security &
Application layers
App
IEEE 802.15.4
– “the hardware”
– Physical & Media Access
Control layers
Network Topologies
1.Star Topology
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Network Topologies(cont…)
2. Peer-to-Peer Topology
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ZigBee Mesh Networking
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ZigBee Mesh Networking
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ZigBee Mesh Networking
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ZigBee Mesh Networking
\
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ZigBee Mesh Networking
Network Topologies(cont...)
3.Cluster Network
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Conclusion
In future all devices and their controls will
be based on this standard.
Since Wireless personal Area Networking
applies not only to household devices, but
also to individualised office automation
applications, ZigBee is here to stay. It is
more than likely the basis of future homenetworking solutions………
THANK YOU