I
Volume 1.5, Number 2
-
1973
RADIOCARBON
Published by
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
Editors
RICHARD FOSTER FLINT-1. GORDON OLDEN, III
IRVING, ROUSE MINZE ,S'FUIVER
-
Managing Editor
RENEE S. KRA
YALE UNIVERSITY
798
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RADIOCARBON
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INSIRCCHONS 10 CONTRIBU TOILS
\[auuseriltts of rediouufi0H papers should follow the recommendations ill Su.i;ges(totts to .lullims, 501 ed.* All cola' (including the hibliographv unrst be lvpetvritten
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03
I
specific pruhleuts.
I'aclt description should iuclnde the following data, il possible ill the order given:
Laboratory mttJber, descriptive nnure (oldinatily that of the locality of collecltoll), and the dale expressed ill years It.1'. (before present, i.e., before A.n. 1950) and, for
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within limits of
for, the lahoralort's eslimate of, the acctnuacy of the radiocarbon
tne:uureutenl, as judged on l)hosirorltrntirnl (not geologic or atrleneologir) grounds.
2. Substance of isInclt the sautple is composed; if a plant or aniutal fossil, the
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pertinent, the name of the person idcmifyiug the specintcia.
3. Precise geographic location, including
latitude-longitude coot (Ii in/es.
1. Occurrence and straligiaphic position ill precise Terms; use of metric system
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tontaila theta call be cited.
5. Refcreucc to relevant publications. Cilatiots within a description should be to
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specific page (c.g., N[-18:3°, It.., 1968, v. 10, p. 47). Full bibliographic references are
listed alphabetically at the cud of the nlanuseript, ill the flout leconnueuded ill
Sltggc+liotts to .lttihors.
I. Date to collcclion and name of collector.
7. Name of person subntititig the sample to the laboratory, and Hauu and address
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S. Conunenl, usually coutparirrg the date with other relevant elates, for each or
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1.
NOTICE TO READERS
Half life of "C. In accordance with the decision of the Fifth Radiocarbon Dating Conference, Cammbridge, 1962, all dates published in
this volume (as in previous volumes) are based on the Libby value,
5570 ± 30 yr, for the half life. This decision was reaffirmed at the 8th
International Conference on Radiocarbon Dating, Wellington, New
IF
Zealand, 1972. Because of various tnicertainties, when 1'C measurements
are expressed as dates in years B.P. the accuracy of the dates is limited,
and refinements that take some but not all uncertainties into account
may be misleading. The mean of three recent determinations of the half
life, 5730 ± 40 yr, (Nature, v. 195, no. 1845, p. 984, 1962), is regarded as
the best value presently available. Published dates in years B.P., can
be converted to this basis by multiplying them by 1.03.
A.D./B.C. dates. As agreed at the Cambridge Conference in 1962, A.D.
1950 is accepted as the standard year of reference for all dates, whether
B.Y. or in the A.D./B.C. system.
Meaning of 6''C. In Volume 3, 1961, we iudorsed the notation v (Lament VI11, 1961) for geocliemical nmcasureumeats of '-'C activity, corrected
for isotopic fractionation in samples and ill the NBS oxalic-acid standard.
The value of 81'C that entered the calculation of -' was defined by reference to Lamont VI, 1959, and was corrected for age. This fact has been
lost sight of, by the editors as well as by authors, and recent papers have
used 8'''C as the observed deviation from the standard. At the New
Zealand Radiocarbon Dating Conferee cc it was recommended to use
only for age-corrected saniples. Because we have 110 complete transcript
of time reconnmiendations made by the conference, we will comment in
more detail in the next issue of Radiocarbon.
Radiocarbon Measurements: Comprehensive Index, 1950-1965. This
index, covering all published ''C measurements through Volume 7 of
RADIOCARBON, and incorporating revisions made by all laboratories,
has been published. It is available to all subscribers to RADIOCARBON
at ten dollars U.S. per copy.
Publication schedule. Beginning with Volume 15, RADIOCARBON
will be published in three numbers: Winter, Spring, and Sunn7ier. Tlie
next deadline is June 1, 1973. Contributors who meet our deadlines
will be given priority but not guaranteed publication in the following
issue.
List of laboratories. 'Fhe coumprehermsive list of laboratories at the end
of each volume will now appear ill the third number of each volume.
Index. All dates appear ill index form at
of each volume.
time
end of the third number
7
.
Volume 15, Number 2
-
1973
RADIOCARBON
Published by
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
Editors
-
RICHARD FOSTER FLINT J. GORDON OGDEN, III
IRVING ROUSE MINZE STUIVER
Managing Editor
RENEE S. KRA
-
YALE UNIVERSITY
NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT
PHONON
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Vol. 15, No. 2
Radiocarbon
1973
CONTENTS
ANU
BONN
1
IGS
IRPA
IVIC
\1C
N7 U
OWU
1'
R
Michael Batbetli and lietnry Polacls
:Australian National University Date List V _.. _.._
...............
H. 11'. Schat penseel mitt T. Pietig
University of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon lleasurcments VI
James Buckley
Isotopes' Radiocarbon Meastlic'ments X .... ....... ..... _ .. .................... 280
ii. ll'elin, L. lotgstrand, and S. i'aczy
Ilistittile of Geological Sciences Radiocarbon Dates IV
11. Daachol-Dchoii and .1. Heylen
Institttt Royal du Patrimoine :Aitistique Radiocarbon Dates IV .....
Al. A. Tamers
Ii1stituto Venerolano de Ltyestigaciones CienIilicas
Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VII
J. 1'homnterel and Y. Thottutteret
Monaco Radiocarbon Measorcntcuts IN, __..... _.-321
I'-C. Hsu, Al-C. Ghosts, .1-C. bit, S-Y. List, and S-C. Lit
National 'Iainan University Radiocarbon Measurements II
......
J. Gordost Ogden, HI and L{utlt J. Hay
Ohio W'esleyan Uniyersity Natural Radiocarbon Measurements V ._.
Barbara Lawn
University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XV
................ 367
I1. Alessio ct al.
University of Route Carbon-14 Dates XI ............
Robert ,Ststckestrath and J. F. Mielke
Smithsonian Institution Radiocarbon Measurements VIII
Heinz Tclbei' and Edwin Pak
Vienna Radium Institute Radiocarbon Dates IV
.
SI
VRI
Z
Du3att Srdoc el al.
Rudjer Boskovic Institute Radiocarbon Measurements II
435
r
r
[RADJocARBON, VOL. 15,
No. 2, 1973, P. 241-251]
Radiocarbon
1973
ANU RADIOCARBON DATE LIST V
MICHAEL BARBETTI and HENRY POLACH
Dept. of Geophysics and Geochemistry
Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
The present date list contains only details of C'4 measurements on
sites selected for archaeomagnetic study. Except where otherwise stated
in the text, all samples were collected in 1970 or 1971 during fieldwork
by one of the authors (M.B.), and were pretreated with hot 2N HCl
to remove any possible contamination by pedogenic carbonate. Benzene
samples were prepared using updated synthesis techniques (Polach et al.,
1972) and measurements of C14 activity were made on two Beckman
LS-200 liquid scintillation spectrometers following automatic cycling
procedures described previously (Polach, 1969). Samples ANU-677-697
were counted on the spectrometer which has been in use since 1968
(LS-1).
The other samples (ANU-651-676) were counted on the second
spectrometer (LS-2). We made a series of measurements of background
activity with new counting vials before and after measuring the activities
of the samples and the activity of a tree-ring sample (Cryptome)-ia
Ja ponai(a, growth intervals A.D. 1890-1900) provided by K. Kigoshi,
Gakushuin Univ., Tokyo, Japan. The measured tree-ring activity, corrected for isotopic fractionation (using 8C':1 = -23.6 ± 0.5, suggested
by K. Kigoshi) and radioactive decay (between A.D. 1895 and 1950), has
been used as the modern standard activity for LS-2. The activity of that
wood correlated well with the NBS oxalic standard activity on LS-1.
(Polach, 1972). Table 1 compares the activities of duplicate samples
counted on LS-1 and LS-2.
The values agree well within their errors, and we concluded that
agreement between LS-1 and LS-2 was satisfactory.
Table 2 lists the measured 8C7' values of four samples from the
Willandra Lakes series. The values suggest to us that a SC's value of
-22 -t 2°,,o is appropriate for charcoal from the semi-arid zone of
Australia, and we have used this value for the remaining samples of
the Willandra Lakes series and the Partacoona series. Elsewhere we have
used a 8C'3 value of -24 ± 2°x,0. Such estimated values are quoted as
est. -227 or est. -24% in the text.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank H. Allen, J. M. Bowler, D. Edwards, F. E. M. Lilley,
M. W. McElhinny, D. J. Mulvaney, and J. Urquhart, Australian National
241
Michael Barbetti and Henry Polach
242
University; A. Gallus and members of the Archaeological Society of
Victoria, T. Langford-Sinith, University of Sydney, A. Barnes of Mungo
Station, and B. Powell of Partacoona Station for their assistance with
fieldwork; J. Head and J. Gower for their help in the laboratory; and
J. M. Bowler for providing the base map for Fig. 1.
TABLE
1
Activities of duplicate benzene samples measured by
different liquid scintillation spectrometers.
(Results generally constitute good statistical agreement)
Sample
no.
measured
measured 8Cf'
6C14
--179.1
-!-
ANU-087
ANU-387
6.7
-187.4
-176.3-!-10.1
-114.4 ± 6.9
ANU-447
-976.2 ±
ANU-448
ANU-656
ANU-660
ANU-672
-990.1 ± 2.0
19.1
-'--
-±-
3.8
5.2
- 97.5 ± 5.5
-996.1 - 2.3
- 74.1 ± 14.5
- ±
-107.7
- 27.1±
mean 6C14
reported in this
list
LS-2
LS-1
3.0
4.2
3.9
4.0
---986.0
±
4.1
differ
significantly*
3.4
1.7
- 6.1 ± 5.6
-100.7 ± 7.4
- 16.8±5.6
14.5
3.3
3.4
23.7
Discrepancy may have been clue to slightly different pretreatment of samples.
TABLE 2
Values of 8C13
Sample
8C13
AN U-651
ANU-660
ANU-674
ANU-680
* %v.r.t.
±
0.2%0*
-22.8
-22.5
-20.9
-22.5
P. D. Belemnite carried out by Krueger Enterprises, Cambridge, Mass.
SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS
Willandra Lakes series
A chain of ancient lakes in W New South Wales forms the terminal
system of Willandra Creek, a distributary stream which leaves the Lachlan R. sonic 250km to the E. The Willandra Creek now carries water
only when major flooding of the Lachlan occurs, but in Pleistocene
time its flow was sufficient to maintain a high water level in the lakes
for long periods. The lakes themselves have been dry for the last 15,000
yr (Bowler, 1971).
ANU Radiocarbon Date List P
2,13
The Quaternary geology of the lakes has been described by Bowler
(1971); we present a brief summary. In plan, the lakes have cuffed W
margins and long transverse dunes (lunettes) around their L shores.
`Three soil-stratigraphic units are recognized in the lunettes. The basal
Golgol unit consists of a deep, red calcareous soil developed on quartz
sands, and is beyond the range of radiocarbon dating. The lakes were
active by at least 40,000
and subsequent high water levels resulted
in deposition of the quartz sands of the Mungo unit. By ca. 25,000 yr
u.r% the lakes were almost dry, and in many places calcareous and argillaceous silty sands were deposited in the lunette. The top of the thin
Mungo unit is marked by soil development, overlain by a deposit (up
to 32m thick) of aeolian silt with well-preserved bedding (Zanci unit),
deposited rapidly during the final drying of the lakes between 17,500
and 16,000 yr ii.n.
Fig. I shows a plan of the last 4 Willandra Lakes, and the locations of the archaconiagnetic sites for which dates are presented here.
Preliminary archaeomagnetic measurements on baked earth and
cooking stones from 5 Aboriginal fireplaces at Lake Mungo (ANU-677,
-680-683) show that there was an unusually large geomagnetic excursion
30,000 yr u.r., with the field rotating > 120° away from its present attitude (Barbetti and Mcilhinny, 1972). The relationship of these fireplaces and the lunette stratigraphy was previously described (Barbetti
and Allen, 1972).
A. Lake Arcunipo
ANU-651.
6C'4 = -8.8 ± 7.9
>Modern
0=+4.3±7.9
8C1,1
=-22.8±0.210
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven on low rise, floor of (middle) Lake
Chibnalwood. Benzene dilution, 2060 min. count. Indicated contemporary age may be result of fine rootlet contamination which was not
necessarily all removed during pretreatment.
ANU-670.
8C1 4 =_
-963.2 ± 8.6
26,580
+2130
-1680
Est. 6C1? _ -2211,0
Charcoal concentration in topmost clay sediment of Outer Arumpo
lunette. Benzene dilution, 2760 min. count.
A
ANU-671.
86?4
A
= -963.4 ± 8.5
= -15-1.2 ± 7.4
= -159.3 ± 8.1
1390 ± 80
Est.
86'" = -22;10
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven covered by loose sand on top of
Outer Arumpo lunette. Benzene dilution, 1020 min. count.
ANU-672.
6C'4
= -23.7 -?- 3.3
= -29.5 ± 5.1
240 ± 60
Est. 8C13 = -2211i0
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven in sand on top of Outer Arumpo
lunette. Result is error weighted mean of 2 independent determinations:
A
Michael Barbetti and Henry Polach
244
ANU-672/1 (6C"
_
-16.8 ±
=
5.6, 180
ANU-688.
± 50 B.P.) and ANU-672/2 (8014
60 n.P.). Benzene 6080 min. total count.
--27.1 ± 4.0, 270
-!-
8C14
+1140
= -986.8 ± 1.7
-986.9 -t
34,820
Est.
1.7
-1000
8C" = -22j,,)
Charcoal from area of burnt sand overlain by 3m clay sediment,
exposed in a gully in Outer Arumpo lunette. Benzene dilution, 4220
.,bray
,'1`
688
6
651
51
671
-
nniLh lunette and
cuffed
fea
nn*
72
-
Ury
=
I
.okeshore
stern
mu
rgin
ter.re
Clay-Pan
Regular linear dunes
Irregular sub-Pa ratio
Fig. 1. Site locations for Willandra Lakes series, identified by radiocarbon (ANU)
sample numbers. (Base map with geomorphic detail provided by J. M. Bowler).
ANU Radiocarbon Date List
245
V
min count. Charcoal pieces dated were encountered during excavation
of archaeomagnetic samples for site previously dated (R., v. 12, p. 13:
ANLJ-304, A
_ -965.0
-±
11.2, 26,900
P.P.). Ages are
+2200
agreement; better precision obtained with ANU-688.
in statistical
B. Lake Mungo
ANU-659.
= -84.4 ± 16.9
A=-89.8±17.2
760 ± 150
6C'4
Est. 6C13=-22%0
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven on sloping W shore, 6m above lake
floor. Microlithic stone implements found nearby (H. Allen, pers.
commun.). Benzene dilution, 1020 min. count.
ANU-660.
= -106.1 ± 3.4
A=-110.6± 3.4
940 ± 50
8C14
8C'3=-22.5-±-0.27
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven on plain overlooking W margin of
lake. Clay ovenstones were coated with secondary carbonate crust. Microlithic stone artifacts found nearby (El. Allen, pers. cornmun.). Result is
error weighted mean of 2 independent determinations: ANU-660/1
(SC'' = -107.7 ± 3.9, 960 ± 40 ii.P.) and ANU-660/2 (8C14 -100.7 ±
7.4, 890 ± 70 n.P.) Benzene dilution, 4380 min. total count.
-
ANU-661.
8C'4= -176.9 ±
1610 ± 110
10.5
A=-181.9±11.0
Est. 8C''=-22%0
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven on lake floor. 300m from cliffed
margin of lake. Benzene dilution, 1100 min. count.
ANU-662.
= -232.7 ± 6.9
A=-237.3± 7.6
2180 ± 80
8C14
Est. 8C'4=-22%0
Charcoal front small area of burnt clayey earth, preserved underneath 50cm stabilized sand. Lake floor, 300mn from cliffed W margin.
Benzene dilution, 1060 min. count.
ANU-663.
8C'4=-106.6±12.2
0=-1119±12.7
950 ± 120
8C'' =-22
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven on stabilized surface, lower part of
Est.
0
lunette. Ca. 5m above lake floor. Benzene dilution, 1040 min. count.
ANU-664.
8C'4= -221.6 ± 15.7
2060 ¢ 170
A = -226.2 ± 15.9
Est. 8C" _ -22'00
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven on brown sand on lunette, facing
lake floor. Benzene dilution, 1080 min. count.
ANU-665.
8C'4
= -390.1 -L 6.9
= -393.7 ± 7.3
4020 ± 100
Est. 8C' _ -221110
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven buried 50cm below top of brown
sand on lunette. Benzene dilution, 1040 min. count.
A
Michael Barbelti and Henry Polach
246
ANU-666.
= -82.4 ± 7.7
0 = -87.9 ± 8.5
740 ± 70
8C14
Est. 5C13
= -22%0
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven on top of brown sand on lunette,
overlooking lake. Benzene dilution, 1080 min. count.
ANU-667.
= -961.8 ± 2.2
0 = -962.0 ± 2.2
8014
26,270 ± 470
-
Est. 8C13 -227 0
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven at base of greenish-gray clay sediments overlying a sandy horizon with numerous traces of Aboriginal
occupation. Benzene dilution, 3120 min. count.
6C14 = -910.3 ± 3.9
19,420 ± 360
ANU-668.
0=-910.8±3.9 Est. 8C'-,Charcoal from Aboriginal oven slug into ancient Golgol horizon
and covered by aeolian sandy clays of Zanci unit; near base of lunette
overlooking lake. Benzene dilution, 3140 min. count.
ANU-669.
8C14
= -4082 ± 13.5
0=-111.7±13.6
4260 ± 190
Est.
6C"=-22
Charcoal from under baked clay mound on stabilized surface, lower
part of lunette, overlooking lake. Benzene dilution, 1020 min. count.
6014 = -978.2 ± 1.4
30,780 ± 520
ANU-680.
SCI' = -22.5 02%
= -978.3 ± 1.4
-
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven in gray-brown sand of Mungo unit,
overlooking lake. Result is error weighted mean of 3 determinations:
ANU-680/1 (6C14 = -970.4 ± 3.8, 28,330 ± 1100 B.P.); ANU-680/2
(6C14 = -980.3 ± 2.1, 31,590 ± 900 B.P.); ANU-680/3 (6014 = -978.5
± 2.2, 30,880 ± 870 B.P.); Benzene 7140 min. total count. Ages from
ANU-680/1 and ANU-680/2 are from charcoal in shallow depression
not covered by clay lumps. ANU-680/3 is from charcoal underneath undisturbed lumps of baked clay, used as cooking stones.
ANU-681.
8C'4
A
= -970.4 ± 1.5
= -970.5 ± 1.5
28,310 ± 410
Est. 6013
= -22%0
Charcoal from small area of burnt earth (probably Aboriginal
hearth) in gray-brown sand of Mungo unit overlooking lake. Result is
error weighted mean of 2 independent determinations: ANU-681/1
-969.9
(6C14 = -970.9 :L 2.2, 28,450 -!- 630 B.P.); ANU-681/2 (6C'4
2.1, 28,190 ± 590 B.P.). Benzene 6160 min. total count.
-
ANU-682.
8014
= -967.3 ± 1.3
= -9o7.5 ± 1.3
27,530 ± 340
Est. 8C'3= -2270
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven in gray-brown sand of Mungo unit,
overlooking lake. Result is error weighted mean of 3 independent determinations: ANU-682/1 (8C14 =- -966.5 -!- 2.1, 27,320 -L 530 B.P.); ANU682/2 (6C14 = -967.5 ± 3.0, 27,580 -±- 770 B.P.); ANU-682/3 (8014 =
-968.1 ± 2.2, 27,720 _t 580 n.P.). Benzene 9180 min. total count. Charcoal
A
ANU Radiocarbon Date List V
247
mixed in ash spread out in a pit. Baked clay lumps arranged on one
side of pit only; archaeomagnetic studies of baked earth suggest fires
at other side of pit predating oven.
ANU-683.
8C'4 = -969.2
A
± 1.5
= -969.4 ± 1.5
28,000 ± 410
Est.
S C13
= -22
0
Charcoal from area of burnt earth (probably Aboriginal hearth) in
gray-brown sand of NIungo unit, overlooking lake. Result is error
weighted mean of 2 independent determinations: ANU-683/1 (6011
-967.8 ± 2.2, 27,650 ± 560
ANU-683/2 (8C14 _ -970.5 -t 2.2,
28,36(1 ± 620 ir.r.). Benzene 6180 min. total count. Archaeomagnetic
studies on baked earth suggest elate of baking may be earlier than C1- age.
ANU-684.
± 13.3
12,920 ± 550
-799.8 ± 13.2
Est. SC,13 = -22'10
Total organic material (including small fragments of charcoal) from
small area of blackened earth (probably Aboriginal hearth) within
aeolian sediments near top of Zanci unit. Age is younger than expected.
Benzene dilution, 2020 min. count.
ANU-685.
S C' _= -798.6
6C1
_ -969.7 ± 1.3
-969.9± 1.3
28,140 ± 370
Est. SC23=-22'1;0
Charcoal from under baked clay mound in gray-brown sand of
lunette, overlooking lake. Result is mean of 2 independent deterrninatious: ANU-685/1 (8C1 _ -969.3 ± 1.9, 28,040 ± 520 in.P.); and ANU685, 2 (SC'E _ -970.1 ± 1.9, 28,250 ± 510
Benzene 6820 min. total
count.
ANU-686.
= -958.3 ± 2.6
A=-958.5± 2.6
6C13
25,570 ± 520
Est. 6C13=-2? 0
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven at base of greenish-gray sandy clay
overlying gray-brown sand horizon. Benzene dilution, 3100 min. count.
ANU-687.
5C'
-987.6 ± 2.2
-987.6 ± 2.2
35,300
+1550
-1300
Est. 6Cl3 = -22%0
Charcoal from blackened, friable sandy sediment of Mungo unit,
possibly large Aboriginal fireplace. Benzene dilution, 3380 min. count.
C. Lakes Leaglanr
ANU-653.
and Garnpung
-156.5 ± 9.5
=
A=-161.6±10.0
6C14
1420 ± 100
Est. SC'3=-22%0
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven on floor of Lake Garnpung. Benzene dilution, 1200 min. count. One of ca. 20 ovens.
Michael 13arbetti and Henry Polach
248
8C14
A
ANU-654.
= -21.5 -!- 5.2
= -27.4 ± 6.5
220 ± 60
Est. 8CI3 _ -22°io
Charcoal front Aboriginal oven on floor of Lake Garnpung. Benzene, 3720 min. count. Oven 9ni from another dated at 1420 ± 100 ib.r.
(ANU-653).
ANU-655.
-216.1 ± 9.7
6014
2010 ± 100
-22%0
Charcoal front Aboriginal oven on floor of Lake Garnpung. Benzene dilution, 1220 min. count. See ANU-678 for comment.
A
ANU-674.
8(,"4
= -221.1 i- 10.1
= -109.2 ± 8.1
Est. 6C'3
990 ± 70
8013_-20.9--0.2%0
A=-116.5±8.0
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven on floor of Lake Leaghur. Benzene
dilution, 1200 min. count.
750 ± 70
-83.4 ± 7.4
6C14
ANU-675.
6CII=-22/
-
A=-88.9±8.3
Est.
Benzene,
Leaghur.
Lake
of
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven on floor
1080 min. count.
-257.1 ± 6.3
ANU-678.
8C14
ANU-679.
6C14
A
2440 ± 80
Est. 8C13 -22`/,0
A=-261.6±
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven set in hard clay on floor of Lake
Garnpung, partly covered by sand, Benezene, 1020 min. count. From
group of ovens (with ANU-655, 2010 -!- 100 B.P.) exposed in it claypan
scattered with microlithic stone artifacts, including pirri points. (Allen,
pers. commun.).
6.9
_ -330.8 ± 7.4
= -334.8 -} 7.8
3270 ± 90
Est. 6C1'
_ -22
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven on terrace in ancient channel linking Lakes Garnpang and Leagliur. Benzene dilution, 1020 min. count.
ANU-689.
8014
± 14.3
- -140.8
-146.0 11.6
1270 ± 140
Est. SC'' = -227,
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven on surface at NV side of Lake Yantara
(29° 54' S Lat, 142° 16' E Long). Benzene dilution, 2080 min. count.
A
-!-
Partacoona series
Partacoona Sta. is 330km N of Adelaide, South Australia on NV side
of Flinders Range. Samples coll. from Aboriginal ovens by Al. W. McElhinny and F. E. M. Lilley, Australian Natl. Univ., and B. Powell,
Partacoona Sta.
170 ± 60
6014 = -14.5 ± 3.3
ANU-656.
Est. 8C1 = -22%0
A = -20.4 ± 5.2
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven in gully on bank of Kanyaka Cr.
(32° 05' S Lat, 138° 03' E Long). Result is error weighted mean of 2
ANTI Radio(a)rbora Datc List I'
249
independent determinations from ANU-656/1 (6C14
-19.1 ± 4.2,
200 ± 50 B.P.), and ANU-656/2 (6C'} _ -6.1 ± 5.6, 100 ± 60 B.P.). Benzene 5980 min. total count.
ANU-657.
6C'4=- -105.6 ± 38.3
940 ± 350
A = -111.0 ± 38.1
Est.
= -227,,
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven covered by soil in gully on E bank of
Kanyaka Cr. (32° 03' S Lat, 118° 05' L Long). Benzene dilution, 2260
ruin. count.
6C13
ANU-658.
= -100.7 -L 9.3
900 ± 90
0 = -106.1 ± 10.0
Est.
= -22%,,
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven exposed in cliffed L bank of Kanyaka
Cr. ca. 7ni above present river level and 50cm below top of bank. C.I.
30m N from ANU-657. Benzene dilution, 1060 min. count.
8C14
6C'3
ANU-673.
8C'4
A
= +34.7 -± 40.0
= +28.5 ± 40.0
>Modern
Est. 60'3
= -2211il0
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven overlooking E bank of Willocra R.
(32° 00' S Lat, 138° 11' E Long) ca. 2km E of Partacoona Homestead.
Benzene dilution, 2260 min. count.
Murray River series
Several burnt tree stumps surrounded by baked earth were shown
to one of the authors
by J. Urquhart, Australian Natl. Univ.
The sites are in fluviatile sediments, and have been useful in studies of
the history of the Murray R. (J. Ur(luhart, ins. in preparation), as well
as archaeomagnetic investigations. The Aboriginal ovens (ANU-676,
-677) are ca. 20km from present-clay Murray R.
ANU-676.
8C74
==-207.5 ± 17.7
=-209.1±18.0
1880 ± 180
Est.6C'-2,1,1
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven covered by a few cm of sandy clay
on Loreto Sta. (35° 49' S Lat, 144° 38' E Long). Benzene dilution, 1200
min. count. Coll. by D. Edwards.
ANU-677.
= -256.5 -t 12.6
0=-258.0±12.9
6C14
2400 ± 140
Est. 8C','= -24/,,,
Charcoal from Aboriginal oven (0.5km NW of ANU-676). Benzene
dilution, 1120 min. count. Sample contained some very fine rootlets. Coll.
by D. Edwards.
ANU-690.
6C?4
A
= -158.8 ± 11.4
= -160.4 ± 11.8
1400 ± 110
Est. 6C13
= -2411,,
Charcoal from under lumps of baked clay 5m below top Victoria
bank of Murray R. (34° 44' S Lat, 143° 07' E Long). Benzene dilution,
2000 min. count.
Michael Barbetti and Henry Polach
250
ANU-691.
,
= -46.1 ± 6.7
0=-48.0±7.7
400 ± 70
= -533.7 ± 8.9
6140 ± 160
8C'4
Est. 8C'"=-21
South Wales
top
of
New
2m
stump
below
tree
Charcoal from burnt
bank of Murray R. (35° 50' S Lat, 145° 25' E Long). Benzene, 1000
mnin.
count.
ANU-692.
8C14
Est. 8C'3 _ -24%a
top
of Victoria bank
6m
below
stump
burnt
tree
Charcoal from
of Murray R. (35° 56' S Lat, 114° 28' E Long). Benzene dilution, 2140
A
= -53-1.6 ± 9.1
min. count.
6C4 -4815 ±5.4
5290 ± 90
Est. BCC-_ -24%0
4 = -4825 :t 5.8
Charcoal from area of burnt earth, 2m below top of Victoria bank
ANU-693.
of Murray R., 70m downstream from ANU-692. Benzene, 1000 min.
count.
Keilor series
Soil pit operators have uncovered areas of burnt earth in terrace
silts (Holocene age) of Marybyrnong R. near Keilor, Victoria. These
sites appear to have been disturbed by ancient floods which deposited
silt on them (ANU-652, -694, -695).
A section of Pleistocone Maribyrnong R. sediments is exposed in
Dry Creek, near its confluence with Maribyrnong. Several excavations are
being made by A. Gallus and the Archaeol. Soc. Victoria in ancient river
sediments and a series of channel deposits cut into those sediments
(Gallus, 1971). Excavation A (Gallus, unpub.) is in one of these channels.
Yellow-gray (KW) clay is unconformably overlain by chocolate (A) clay.
6810 ± 460
= -570.9 ± 23.9
Est. 6C's' _ -24%0
0 =-571.7 -!- 23.9
Charcoal mixed with burnt earth uncovered by front-end loader
ANU-652.
8C14
in soil pit at Green Gully, Keilor (37° 44' S Lat, 141° 49' E Long). Benzene dilution, 1100 ruin. count. Coll. by D. J. Mulvaney and Al. W.
McElhinny.
604 = -498.8 ± 5.3
5570 ± 90
Est. 8C' = -21 x,
0 = --199.8 ± 5.7
Charcoal mixed with burnt earth 2m below surface in terrace sedi-
ANU-694.
ments, 41m from E bank of i''Alarybyrnoiig R. (37° 42'
E Long). Benzene, 1020 min. count.
ANU-695.
= -562.9 -!- 5.1
A=-563.8± 5.7
6C14
S
Lat, 144° 50'
6660 ± 110
Est. 8C1'=-21%0
Charcoal mixed with burnt earth 5m below surface, exposed in
soil pit. Ca. 11m from ANU-694, towards Marybyrnong R. Benzene
dilution, 2040 min. count.
ANU Radiocarbon Date List
ANU-696.
= -992.2 ± 3.2
A=-992.2±3?
1'
8C'4
251
>31,180
Est.8C'H=-24 ,
Large piece of charcoal embedded 5cm below top of yellow-gray
(K\V) clay in Excavation A, Dry Creek. Sample treated with hot
2%
NaOH solution to remove any possible humic acid contamination. Benzene dilution, 4000 min. count. Measured activity is within C14 dating
limits at 95" confidence level. Indicated age 39,000 +4260 B.P.
-2770
ANU-697.
6C14
-960.8 ±
+1400
6.3
26,030
-1190
-960.8 ± 6.3
Est. 8C13 = -241co
NaOH soluble fraction of charcoal from presumed human hearth
(Gallus, pers. commun.) in chocolate clay of Excavation A. Charcoal fragments showed wood-grain texture, with humic acid stains spreading into
clay around each pellet. Sample exhaustively leached in hot
2% NaOH,
large soluble fraction recovered, acidified, and precipitate coll. for C7'
analysis. Benzene dilution, 3180 min. count. Charcoal appears to have
decayed in situ, with clay sediment around fireplace preventing appreciable movement of lumiic acid; (late therefore considered reliable. Coll.
by A. Gallus.
RiFERFNCFs
Barbetti, M. and Allen, if., 1972, Prehistoric man at Lake Mungo, Australia, by
32,000 yr. w.e.: Nature, v. 240, p. 46-48.
Barbelti, M. and McElhinny, ,YI., 1972, Evidence for a geomagnetic excursion 30,000
yr im,.: Nature, v. 239, p. 327-330.
Bowler, J. M., 1971, Pleistocene salinities and climatic change: evidence from lakes
and lunettes ill southeastern Australia: in, I). J. Mulvaney and J. Golson (eds.),
Aboriginal man and environinent in Australia, Canberra, Australian Natl. Univ.
Press, p. 17-65.
Gallus, A., 1971, Excavations at Keilor: The Artefact, newsletter no. 24.
Polach, H. A., 1969, Optimisation of liquid scintillation radiocarbon age determinations and reporting of ages: Atomic Energy in Australia, v. 12, no 3, p. 21-28.
1972, Crosschecking of NBS oxalic acid and secondary laboratory radiocarbon dating standards: Internatl. radiocarbon dating conf. I'roc., New Zealand,
October 1972, p. 1192-14120.
Polach, H. A., Gower, John, and Fraser, Ian, 1972: Synthesis of high purity benzene
for radiocarbon dating by the liquid scintillation method: Internatl. radiocarbon
elating conf. Proc., New Zealand, October 1972, p. B35-B49.
l'olach, H. A., Lovering, J. F., and Bowler, J. M., 1970, ANU radiocarbon date list
IV: Radiocarbon, v. 12, p. 1-18.
-
[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 15,
No. 2, 1973, P. 252-279]
UNIVERSITY OF BONN
NATURAL RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS VI
H. W. SCHARPENSEEL and F. PIETIG
Institut fur Bodenkunde, Universitat Bonn
Bonn, Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Continuation of radiocarbon measurements, mainly on ground water,
soil, and subhydric sediment samples. Sample preparation was described
earlier (Scharpenseel and Pietig, 1969).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Much of the technical sample preparation was done by E. Kruse,
H. Tapp, Chr. Haupenthal, H. Schillmann, and K. Kirschey. The Gesellschaft fur Mathematik and Datenverarbeitung helped us with their
computer facilities in the calculations. The work was financed mainly
by the Federal Department of Education and Science. Travel funds for
sampling outside Germany were provided by the German Foundation of
Research (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).
SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS
1.
A Cologne 07 sand
GROUND WATER SAMPLES
aquifer
yr repetitions of radiocarbon measurements from 1967 to
1969 (R., 1968, v. 10, p. 8-28; 1969, v. 11, p. 3-14; 1970, v. 12, p. 19-39)
a 4th sampling and measurement was done in 1971. Since the 3 sets
of dates (1967-1969) did not allow flow speed calculation from movement of bomb-carbon peak, due to geologic ruptures, mixing and unsteady flow-pattern (Tamers and Scharpenseel, 1970), further tests at
intervals of several yr are expected to yield new data.
After
3
Measured
C'4 age
Samples Kolner Bucht
1940
BONN-1227. Synthern 93730/4
(50° 58' N Lat, 6° 47' E Long)
BONN-1228. Glessen 93715/1
(50° 58' N Lat, 6° 45' E Long)
-!-
100
A.D. 10
2050 ± 60
100 B.C.
10,270
:t
160
8320 B.C.
BONN-1229. Dansweiler 93732/4
(50° 57' N Lat, 6° 46' E Long)
1470
BONN-1230. Widdersdorf 83002/2
(50° 58' N Lat, 6° 50' E Long)
A.D.
--L
70
480
7840 -_t 220
5890 B.C.
BONN-1231. Ingendorf 83114/3
(51 ° 1' N Lat, 6° 44' E Long)
252
H.
W.
Scharpenseel and F. Pietig
253
Measured
Samples Kolner Bucht
BONN-1232. Konigsdorf 83131/3
(50° 56' N Lat, 6° 46' E Long)
BONN-1233. Bottenbroich 85075/4
(50° 55' N Lat, 6° 44' E Long)
BONN-1234. Buschbell 85082/2
(50° 56' N Lat, 6° 48' E Long)
BONN-1235. Herbertzkaul 85197/3
(50° 54' N Lat, 6° 48' E Long)
C14
age
22,610 ± 500
20,660 B.C.
6220
4270
- 110
B.C.
8860 -t 120
6910 B.C.
10,600
8650
-±
140
B.C.
Comment: samples from piezometric tubes Ingendorf and Konigsdorf
shifted towards considerably older age, Widdersdorf dropped correspondingly. Two further sets of samples in 2 or 3 yr intervals expected
to elucidate rattler complicated flow and recharge pattern of highly
exploited aquifer.
II. SOIL SAMIPLLS
Methods of pretreating soil samples are compared and reviewed elsewhere (Scharpenseel and Pietig, 1969; Scharpenseel, 1972).
A. Spain
Dates belong to continued natural radiocarbon measurements in
Vertisols (see R., 1973, v. 15, p. 23-25, II A to D). Profiles are from
Andalusia, S Spain with help of Local pedologists.
Vertisol, rich in swelling and cracking clay, La Rimconada (Sevilla),
Casas vacas, 20nt above NN, 18.5°C ann. t, 559mm ann. rainfall, plain
(37° 23' N Lat, 2° 12' W Long). Samples from same location.
BONN-1388. Vertisol La Rimconada,
590 ± 70
1.7 1 C, Ap 20 to 30cm
A.D.1360
j
1570 --80
BONN-1389.
0.8
BONN-1390.
0.6% C, By 75 to 95cm
BONN-1391.
0.4% C, BvCal 125 to 145cm
3160 -!- 160
1210 B.C.
BONN-1392.
0.3% C, BvCa2 160 to 180cm
6470 -!- 130
4520 B.c.
C, ABv 40 to 50cnm
A.D. 380
2840
890
±
160
B.C.
254
H.
14'.
Scharpeiiseel and F. Pirlig
Vertisol, Carmona, km 10.5 Carmona-Aralial St., 75m above NN,
19°C ann. t., 540mm ann. rainfall, marl, (37° 25' N Lat 1° 55' W
Long). Samples from same location.
±
2410
BONN-1393.
Vertisol, Carmona, 0.7% C, Bvl 10 to 30cm
BONN-1394.
1.0'%%
BONN-1395.
2.8% C, Bv3 80 to 100cm
BONN-1396.
1.0% C, Ccal 130 to 140cm
BONN-1397.
0.5% C, Cca2 >150cm
70
460 B.C.
3150±80
C,
IM
30 to 50cm
1200 B.C.
± 90
4480
253(1 B.C.
5510
±
100
3560 n.c.
6650
±
120
4700 n.c.
Vertisol, Los Palacios, Farm Torbiscal, 18°C ann. t., 600mm anti.
rainfall, alluvial soil, (370 4' N Lat, 2° 10' 1V Long). Samples from same
location.
BONN-1398.
BONN-1399.
Vertisol, Los Palacios,
3.4% C, ApI 5 to 15cm
2.6G' C, ApBvl 20 to 35cm
C, Bv21 35 to 50cm
BONN-1400.
2.3°,
BONN-1401.
2.3°;, C, Bv21 55 to 70cm
BONN-1402.
3.2°% C, Bv21 80 to 100cm
BONN-1403.
0.9% C, Bv22 110 to 130cm
±
1580
2080 ± 80
130 B.C.
2580 ± 70
(i30 B.C.
6350
±
BONN-1405.
0.3U/%
0.4%10
C, Cca2 >200cm
140
4400 B.C.
4940
C, Ccal 170 to 200cm
70
A. 1). 370
±
90
2990 n.c.
8850
±
6900
B.C.
130
7(i(;0± 130
5710 B.C.
7510±- 140
BONN-1406.
5560 B.C.
Vertisol, El Arahal, Farm l'Estrella, 40km E Sevilla, 60 to 80m above
NN, 19.5°C ann. t, 518mm ann. rainfall, plain, alluvial sand cover on
top of Vertisol, (37° 15' N Lat, 1° 53' W Long). Samples from same
location.
108.4 ± 0.6%1"
BONN-1407. Vertisol, El Arahal,
Modern
1.4% S, Apl 5 to 15cm
University of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI
255
690 -!- 70
1260
BONN-1408.
1.0% C, Apt 17 to 30cm
BONN-1-109.
0.3°-%
BONN-1410.
1.4%' C, Bv2 47 to 59cm
BONN-1411.
1.4% C, Bv2 61 to 70cm
3480 ± 100
1530 B.c.
BONN-1413.
0.2 j%, C, CcaBv3 90 to 104cm
3520 ± 230
1570 ii.C.
A.D.
2320 -} 90
370 B.C.
C, BvI 32 to 42cm
± 50
1690 B.C.
3640
Vertisol, Carmona, Far, la motilla chica, 160m above NN, 19°C 0
ann. t, 540mm o ann. rainfall, plain, pebbles of old Quaternary terrace
sediment intermixed, (37° 28' N Lat, 1' 49' W Long). Samples from same
location.
BONN-1117. Vertisol, Carmona, Far,
:t 0.5°-0
2.41'%, C, Ap 5 to 12cm
Modern
730
± 70
BONN-1418.
1.5% C, Ap 16 to 25cm
BONN-H N.
1.2% C, AB 36 to 48cm
BONN-1420.
1.0%', C, 1121 61 to 82cm
27,10 - 70
790 B.c.
BONN-1.121.
0.2`;0 C, 1122 83 to 94cm
2750 ± 140
800 ts.c.
A.D.
1220
1710
A.D.
±
80
240
3140
± 29(1
BONN-1423. 0.3°0 C, 11 Cca 108 to 128cm
1490 B.c.
Samples coll. and subm. 1970 by \V. Kerpen and H. Gewelir, Inst.
Bodenkunde, Bonn. Coinmcut: last 2 profiles, El Arahal and Carmona
Far show to tlme full depth about the same apparent mean residence
time (Scharpenseel, 1972), indicating transport of surface material
through cracks and sell-mulching. La Riniconada and Carmona profiles
have an age break at ca. 100cm, Los Palacios at ca. 70cm with steep
increase of C: residence times in downward direction, below the crack
zone.
B. Portugal
The Portugal series contributes 7 Barros profiles to the natural radiocarbon measurements in Vertisols. Profiles are selected in central and
S Portugal with help of local pedologists.
Vertisol, black Barros, Beja, free of CaCO, 250m above NN (38°
0' N Lat, 1° 16'
NV
Long). Samples from same location.
256
H. W. Scharpenseel and F. Pietig
± 0.4%
101.0
Modern
BONN-1425.
Vertisol, Beja, 0.6% C, Ap 2 to 7cm
BONN-1426.
0.9% C,
BONN-1427.
1.9% C, B12 24 to 37cm
A.D.
BONN-1428.
3.0°J, C, B13 43 to 52cm
A.D.
BONN-1429.
3.1% C, B14 58 to 72cm
BONN-1432.
0.2% C, Cca 120 to 130cm
Bll
10
to 18cm
A.D.
330
1620
100
-L
± 70
1550
400
- 70
1220
730
2000 -t 120
50 B.C.
3070
±
140
1120 B.C.
Brown Mediterranean soil till Vertisol, Safara-Camauros Farm, 180m
above NN, hilly, (38° 5' N Lat, 1° 52' W Long). Samples from same
location.
300 -t 80
BONN-1433. Vertisol, Safara-Camauros,
1650
A.D.
C,
Ap 20 to 32cm
0.4/o
BONN-1434.
0.3o
BONN-1436.
0.3(y, C, BC 55 to 69cm
BONN-1437.
0.3% C, Cl 70 to 90cm
C, BC 45 to 55cm
-
2430
70
480 B.C.
1870±90
A.D.
80
-
2140
220
190 B.C.
Black Vertisol, not totally free of CaCO3, Safara (field), 197m above
NN, hilly, (38° 5' N Lat, 1° 51' W Long). Samples from same location.
970 70
BONN-1438. Vertisol, Safara, field,
0.4% C,
111 23
to 32cm
A.D. 980
1490
BONN-1439.
0.5% C, IB 33 to 44cm
BONN-1440.
0.8% C, IB 44 to 54cm
BONN-1441.
0.3% C,IIBca 56 to 67cm
BONN-1442.
0.3% C, IICca 72 to 95cm
± 80
A.D. 460
2190±80
240 B.C.
2230 - 190
280
B.C.
1860 -L 100
A.D.
90
Red Vertisol, secondarily recalcified, Salvada-Beja, 195m above NN,
slightly slopy, (37° 56' N Lat, 1° 20' W Long). Samples from same
location.
University of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI
BONN-1443.
Vertisol, Salvada-Beja,
1.01 C, Ap 15 to 32cm
103.3
1.21
BONN-1445.
0.5% C, B 52 to 65cm
BONN-1446.
0.5°%o
257
0.4%
Modern
104.4
BONN-1444.
-±-
C, B 41 to 51cm
± 0.51
Modern
A.D.
600
1350
- 70
1380-! 70
C, BC 71 to 85cm
A.D.
570
Roman Cereal silo in Vertisol profile, Beja-Serpa, 150m above NN,
street cut, hilly, (37° 54' N Lat, 1° 27' W Long).
BONN-1447.
Cereal silo Vertisol, Beja-Serpa, 0.3% C,
0 to 20cm from deepest point of cut
BONN-1451.
0.8% C, 35 to 50cm
5150 ± 100
3200 B.C.
1320
±
70
A.D. 630
Dark red-brown Vertisol, not completely free of CaCO3, Montes
vellios Aljustrel, 104nr above NN, slightly slopy (37° 55' N Lat, 0° 57'
W Long). Samples from same location.
BONN-1452. Dark red-brown Vertisol, Montes-velhos
960 -!- 100
C,
Aljustrel, 0.81
Ap 28 to 43cm
A.D. 990
1620
- 70
BONN-1453.
0.6% C, B 47 to 62cm
BONN-1454.
0.501 C, B 67 to 83cm
290 B.C.
BONN-1455.
0.51" C, B 87 to 103cm
1970 ± 150
20 B.C.
BONN-1457.
0.3% C, Cca 140 to 150cm
A.D.
330
2240
± 80
2000 -!- 110
50 B.C.
Red-brown Vertisol almost purely montmorollinitic, Terra Grande
de Lisboa, Tapaiao da Ajuda, univ. campus, near Lisboa, 73m above
NN, 16.9°C 0 ann. t., upper slope, (38° 42' N Lat, 0° 11' NV Long).
Samples from same location.
BONN-1458. Red-brown Vertisol, Tapaiao de
470 ± 70
Ajuda, 3.8°x% C, Ap 10 to 21cm
A.D. 1480
1760
BONN-1459.
1.4% C, By 35 to 50cm
BONN-1460.
1.2% C, By 56 to 70cm
±
80
-
80
A.D. 190
2530
580 B.C.
258
H. W. Scharpenseel and F. Pietig
2580
BONN-1461.
0.9% C, By 77 to 91cm
BONN-1462.
0.5% C,
630
±
100
B.C.
3170-L 80
BC 98 to 106cm
1220 B.C.
8900
±
170
6950 B.C.
BONN-1463. 0.3% C, Cv 115 to 130cm
Samples coll. and subm. 1970 by W. Kerpen and H. Gewehr. Comment: most profiles are rather shallow and wholly within cracking zone,
apparent mean residence times are low. Just the last red-brown Vertisol
Tapaiao de Ajuda shows jump of age in Cv horizon, which probably
lies outside normal depth of cracking.
Australia
The Australia series comprises 2 Gilgai sites with 1 mound and 1
depression profile each. Besides the framework of global Vertisol profile
studies, comparison of apparent mean residence time vs. depth in profiles,
on mounds and in depressions, was expected to reveal Vertisol dynamics,
(Blackburn and Coppi, 1970).
Vertisol, Lillimur, Kaniva (list., Victoria, Gilgai mound, (36° 27'
S Lat , 141° 6' E Lon g ) Sam ples from same location .
100.0 -!- 0.4%%,
BONN-1465. Vertisol, Lillimur, Gilgai mound,
Modern
3.2% C 0 to 10cm
C.
.
1130
to 20an
±
70
BONN-1466.
4.1%% C, 10
BONN-1467.
3.4% C, 20 to 30cm
BONN-1468.
2.4% C, 30 to 40cm
2620 ± 80
670 B.C.
BONN-1469.
1.8% C, 40 to 50cm
2520 ± 80
570 B.C.
BONN-1470.
0.5% C, 50 to 60can
2600 ± 70
650 B.C.
BONN-1471.
0.5% C, 60 to 70cm
BONN-1472.
0.5% C, 70 to 80cm
BONN-1473.
0.4% C, 80 to 90cm
2170 B.C.
BONN-1474.
0.3% C, 90 to 100cm
3800 ± 140
1850 B.C.
A.D.
820
1240
A.D.
± 80
710
2410
± 80
460 B.C.
2780-!- 80
830 i;.c.
4120
±
110
1
diversity of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI
259
,4680
:t 90
2730
B.C.
BONN-1475.
0.3% C, 100 to 110cm
BONN-1476.
0.3% C, 110 to 120cm
BONN-1477.
0.3% C, 120 to 130cm
BONN-1478.
0.2% C,
BONN-1479.
0.21/'%
C, 140 to 150cm
2240 ts.c.
BONN-1481.
02%
C, 150 to 160cm
4460 ± 350
2510 & c.
BONN-1482.
0.3% C, 160 to 170cm
BONN-1483.
0.21"-x,
BONN-1484.
0.1% C, 180 to 190cm
BONN-1485.
0.1% C, 190 to 200cm
1,30
5160:t
to 140cm
5880
±
3930
BB.c.
5100
±
4960
140
±
±
100
250
3010 is.c.
4930
1
180
3150 iL.c.
4190
C,
110
3210 t;.c.
70 to 180cm
±
210
2980 ii.c.
4480
±
200
2531) i3.c.
4950
±
150
3000I3.c.
Vertisol, Lillimu , Kaniva list., Victoria, Gilgai depression, (36°
27° S Lat, 141° 6' E Long). Samples from same location.
BONN-1-186. Vertisol, Lillimur, Gilgai depression
0.5%i0
4.5% C, 0 to 5cm
Modern
BONN-1487.
102.7
0
C, 5 to 10cm
± 0.4%
Modern
104.0
BONN-1488.
0.6 0 C, 10 to 17cm
BONN-1489.
0.6,0 C,
BONN-1490.
0.7% C, 20 to 30cm
BONN
0.6 jo C, 30 to 40cm
17
to 20cm
108.8 -!- 0.(i°0
Modern
112.1±0.5
Modern
± 0.8; 0
Modern
112.8 ± 0.5,0
Modern
1,380 ± 110
n.».570
1
1491.
- 0.6°,0
Modern
BONN-1192.
0.5C,
BONN-1493.
0.4% C, 50 to 60cm
40 to 50cm
16.5
260
H. W. Scharpenseel and F. Pietig
103.9 -t 0.40,0
BONN-1494.
0.5% C, 60 to 70cm
BONN-1495.
0.3%o C, 70 to 80cm
Modern
1530
420
±
100
A.D.
2150 ±-- 100
200 B.C.
BONN-1496.
0.3%o C, 80 to 90cm
BONN-1497.
0.3%o C, 90 to 100cm
BONN-1498.
0.3% C, 100 to 110cm
A.D.
BONN-1499.
0.3%a C, 110 to 120cm
A.D.
BONN-1501.
0.2%' C, 130 to 140cm
1520
A.D. 430
BONN-1502.
0.1% C, 140 to 150cm
A.D. 1470
BONN-1503.
0.2% C, 150 to 160cm
A.D. 1560
BONN-1504.
0.2%o C, 160 to 170cm
A.D.
BONN-1505.
0.2"0 C, 170 to 180cm
700
±
120
A.D. 1250
± 80
590
1360
1230 :L 100
720
±
250
480
390
690
1260
80
-
±
250
:t 280
1110:t 160
A.D.
840
±
BONN-1506.
0.2% C, 180 to 190cm
2280
330
1680
±
BONN-1507.
0.3% C, 190 to 200cm
A.D. 270
150
B.C.
150
Vertisol, Miram, Kaniva dist., Victoria, Gilgai mound, (36° 28' S
Lat, 1411 21' E Long). Samples from same location.
119.9 -t 0.4%0
BONN-1508. Vertisol, Miram, Gilgai mound,
Modern
1.8% C, 0 to 10cm
107.9
± 0.5%
Modern
BONN-1509.
0.9% C, 10 to 20cm
BONN-1510.
0.5% C, 20 to 30cm
BONN-1511.
0.6% C, 30 to 40cm
A.D. 1390
BONN-1512.
0.3% C, 40 to 50cm
A.D. 1240
104.8±0.6%
Modern
560 -!- 90
710
±
70
University of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI
261
750
± 70
BONN-1513.
0.3% C, 50 to 60cm
BONN-1514.
0.5 Jo C, 60 to 70cm
BONN-1515.
0.3% C, 70 to 80cm
BONN-1516.
0.3% C, 80 to 90cm
BONN-1517.
0.4% C, 90 to 100cm
BONN-1518.
0.3°7%
BONN-1519.
0.3% C, 110 to 120cm
BONN-1520.
0.5% C, 120 to 130cm
3220 B.C.
BONN-1521.
0.3% C, 130 to 140cm
5410 ± 130
3460 B.C.
BONN-1522.
0.3°70 C, 140
BONN-1523.
0.2°Ja C, 150 to 160 cm
BONN-1524.
0.2% C, 160 to 170cm
BONN-1525.
0.2%Jo
BONN-1526.
0.2% C, 180 to 190cm
6190
BONN-1527.
0.2% C, 190 to 200cm
8530 ± 250
6580 B.C.
A.D.
1200
1610±70
A.D. 340
1110:t
A.D.
100
840
2100-!-80
150 B.C.
3110
3470
C, 100 to 110cm
±
120
1160 B.C.
±
130
1520 B.C.
4060
±
120
2110 B.C.
5170±130
5940
to 150cm
5920
C, 170 to 180cm
±
160
3990 B.C.
±
160
3970 B.C.
8050
±
6110
B.C.
8440
±
160
110
6490 B.C.
8140
±
180
B.C.
Vertisol, Miram, Kaniva dist., Victoria, Gilgai depression, (36° 28'
Lat, 141 ° 21' E Long). Samples from same location.
BONN-1528. Vertisol, Miram, Gilgai depression,
0.6%
4.9°J%,C,0to5cm
Modern
S
± 0.5°70
Modern
101.0
BONN-1529.
2-P-1 C, 5 to 10cm
BONN-1530.
0.8% C, 10 to 20cm
110.6
± 0.5%
Modern
H. W. Scharrpenseel and F. Pietig
262
106.8
BONN-1531.
± 0.7
Modern
0.9°J% C, 20 to 30cm
101.1 ±-
0.4%--%,
Modern
BONN-1532.
0.8% C, 30 to 40cm
BONN-1533.
0.5°J%
BONN-1534.
0.4% C, 50 to 60cm
A.D.
1170
BONN-1535.
0.4%jo C, 60 to 70cm
A.D.
1140
BONN-1536.
0.4% C, 70 to 80cm
A.D.
BONN-1537.
0.3"
C, 80 to 90cm
1430 n.c.
BONN-1538.
0.21)%,
C, 90 to 100cni
3660 ± 140
1710 n.c.
BONN-1539.
0.2% C, 100 to 110cm
BONN-1540.
0.2% C, 110 to 120cm
2800 B.C.
BONN-1541.
0.2% C, 120 to 130cm
4990 ± 240
3010 n.c.
BONN-1542.
0.2% C, 130 to 140cm
BONN-1543.
0.2%x%
C, 140 to 150cm
BONN-1544.
0.2 j% C, 150 to 160cm
C, 40 to 50cm
108.2±0.5%
Modern
±
80
810-
70
780
1070
3380
110
±
290
3790 ± 330
1840 n.c.
4750
±
320
5300
±
3350
B.C.
260
5720 ± 440
3770 n.c.
-1880
to 170cm
±
880
±
320
2930 n.c:.
6730 ± 200
4780 B.C.
BONN-1545.
0.4°-% C, 160
7540
±
BONN-1546.
0.2% C, 170 to 180cm
5590
B.C.
BONN-1547.
0.2% C, 180 to 190cm
8330 ± 400
6380 n.c.
BONN-1548.
0.2% C, 190 to 200cm
390
8450
±
6500
B.C.
260
University of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI
263
Samples coll. and subm. 1970 by G. Blackburn, CSIRO, Div. Soils,
Adelaide. Comment: Gilgai Lillinrur shows extremely different age vs.
depth profiles on mounds and in depressions with lagging apparent mean
residence time in the depression due to excessive deposits of surface
material in dry-season cracks. Mound profile is also unusual in that 2
zones of almost homogenous apparent mean residence time are dillerentiated (30 to 80 cm, ca. 2500 yr, 80 to 200cm, ca. 4500 to 5000
yr).
In Gilgai Miram, apparent mean residence times are higher in mound
and depression as well, up to 8500 yr. Mound and depression profiles
both are to a level of ca. 80cm, strongly intermixed with surface material,
especially in the depression profile.
D. Germany
Fossil Ah, Eberspoint, l0km W Freising, 100cm under loess-loam
(eroded Hapludalf). Time of chernozein formation in Bavaria is questioned (48° 30' N Lat, 11° 40' F Long).
6160 ± 90
BONN-1464.
4210 B.c.
Fossil A-Horizon, Ezerspoint, 2.61,% C, 100cm. Sample coll. and
subm. 1971 by U. Schwertuhann, Inst. Bodenkunde, Techn. Univ.
Munich. Coin went: result agrees well with apparent mean residence time
found in AC transition zone of recent cliernozem profiles in other parts
of Germany (Scharpenseel, 1972).
Fossil A horizon, and charcoal in terrace brown earth, Skin S Siegenburg, Abens valley, N Bacaria, (48° -16' N Lat, 1 ° 50' F Long). Samples
from sank location.
1
2270 ± 70
BONN-1648.
320 B.c.
Fossil A-horizon, terrace Abens valley, Siegenburg, 60 to 80cm.
BONN-1649.
Charcoal fireplace, ] in p.
1220±80
A.D.
730
1460 ± 70
BONN-1651.
A.D. 490
Charcoal from different fireplace, 150cm below sand blanket. Samples
Coll. and subnr. 1971 by U. Schwertmnann. Comment: dates alluviation
of material embedding fossil A-horizon and fireplaces.
Humus horizons in high flood loam, Hapludalf, on nether terrace
of Rlii.ne R, gravel pit Horn, Bonn-Hersel, (50° 43' N Lat, 7° 8' E Long).
5080 ± 110
BONN-1652.
3130 B.c.
Hapludalf in high flood loans on nether terrace, 0.5% C, Bt 60 to
100cm.
H. W. Scharpenscel and F. Pietig
264
8230 ± 470
6280 B.C.
BONN-1653.
fA-horizon below Hapludalf, same location, 0.4% C, fA 160 to
180cm.
Samples coll. and subm. 1972 by Chr. Haupenthal, Inst. Bodenkunde, Bonn Univ. Comment: (late of Bt horizon is minimum for recent
Hapludalf, date of fA horizon indicates 1st soil development on nether
terrace, showing good agreement with expectation due to terrace history.
Carbonaceous, bituminous coating of gravel remnant in younger
terrace of Isar, Ascholding, Wolfratshausener Becken, (471 51' N Lat,
111 28' E Long).
28,320 ± 470
26,370 B.C.
BONN-1657.
Carbonaceous, bituminous coating on gravel relic, 280cm. Sample
coll. and subm. 1971 by W. Iierpen, Chr. Haupenthal, and H. W.
Scharpenseel. Comment: terrace thought to be late Pleistocene, most
likely Holocene in origin (Dietz, 1971). Old elate difficult to interpret.
Secondary quartz crystallization adjacent and partly covering C material.
Gravel relic is void of CaCO, in otherwise calcareous milieu and rounded
by water transport. Conflicting views on terrace chronology make (late
controversial, confirmed by repetition.
Brownearth of unusually high and deep organic matter, meadow
on Wurm basal moraine of Isar foreland glacier, Unterbuclien, (11° 30'
N Lat, 47' 42' E Long). Soil suspected of amelioration by plaggen
(swards). Existence and time of plaggen nianagenient in Bavarian Alps
foreland is of interest.
1090 ± 70
860
A.D.
BONN-1669.
C, Alil
4.4%o
moraine,
basal
on
Brownearth, humus to great depth
location.
same
from
20 to 30cm. Samples
1630 ± 70
320
A.D.
BONN-1670.
2.8% C, Ah2 30 to 40cm
400 B.C.
BONN-1671.
2.5°% C, Ah3 40
2350 ± 80
to 50cm
BONN-1672.
3800 ± 80
1850 B.C.
2.5%C,Ah450to60cm
Samples coll. and subm. 1972 by H. Jertz, Bayr. Geol. Landesamt,
Munich. Coinment: dates are older than corresponding results on plaggen soils in NW Germany and Ireland (Miickenhausen et al., 1968,
Scharpenseel, 1972). Micromorphologic studies on thin sections should
decide nature of plaggen soil.
University of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI
265
Roots and fossil A horizon from gravel pit, Gemeinde Trieb, Oberfranken, Bavaria, (50° 9' N Lat, 11° 8' E Long). Samples serve stratigraphic study of terraces in upper Main valley.
BONN-1700.
Root, gravel pit Maintag, Trieh 170 to 145cm.
1810 ± 70
140
A.D.
7980 ± 110
BONN-1801.
All horizon, pit Maintag, 180 to 200cm.
6030 B.c.
4360 ± 90
2410 B.C.
Root, vertical in sediment, 200 to 270cm. Samples coil. and subm.
1972 by W. Schirmer, Geol. Inst., Univ. Cologne. Comment: dates. estimated to be Sub-Atlantic, are older and require new approach.
Fossil loessic A horizon, covered by Pleistocene terrace material,
Karlich, mining pit, (50° 26' N Lat, 7° 30' E Long).
BONN-1802.
30,450 ± 1270
BONN-1659.
28,500 B.c.
Humus containing soil, Karlich, 2.6% C. Coll. and subm. 1972 by
Frechen, Inst. Petrol., Bonn Univ. Comment: (late confirms expectation, contemporaneous with Paudorf interstadial.
Humus containing silty A horizon, sandwiched by loess material,
underlying tuffaceous material, probably of Rodderberg volcanism. N
slope Bausenberg, Lengsdorf, 140m above NN, (50° 42.5' N Lat 7° 2'
L Long). Dated to determine age of Rodderberg volcanism, Quaternary
profile of Bonn area.
.
22,360 ± 510
BONN-1699.
20,410 B.c.
IHunlus containing horizon, silty, Lengsdorf, 400cm deep. Coll. and
subin. 1972 by G. Bartels, Geogr. Inst., Univ. Bonn. Comment: date lags
behind expected age: >30,000 yr. Thorough study of existence of rejuvenating principles, such as small roots, will follow.
Fossil A horizon in gravelly gley, Gammelsbach valley, N Eberbach,
buntsandstone Odenwald, (49° 29' N Lat, 8° 57' E Long). Date of fossil
A is taken to estimate sedimentation speed of younger accumulations
on top.
BONN-1815.
1350 ± 110
600
A.D.
Gleyey fAb, Gammelsbach valley, Eberbach, Odenwald, 3.0'j%, C.
Coll. and subm. 1972 by E. Szabados, Inst. Bodenkunde, Techn. Univ.
Berlin. Comment: estimates were either Boreal age or pre-medieval deforestation. Results confirm latter.
266
H. W. Sclarpenseel and F. Pietig
III. SOIL ORGANIC MATTER FRACTIONS
Soil organic matter fractions were dated after different pretreatments
of the soil samples.
A. Particle size
Similar to particle size dating on Inden parabrownearth (R., 1971,
v. 13, p. 207; Scharpenseel, 1970), texture fractions of a fossil A horizon,
underlying trachyt tuft of Allerod volcanism, were dated, compared to
charcoal from same horizon. Niedermendig, tephrit quarry Michels,
(50° 26' N Lat, 7° 15' L Long). Material belongs to same fossil horizon as
BONN-413, (R., 1970, v. 12, p. 27).
11,550 ± 160
9600 B.C.
BONN-1681.
Fossil A horizon, Niedernendig, charcoal, 300 to 350cm.
BONN-1682.
Sane location, particle size fraction >0.2mnm, 0.86% C.
7570 ± 190
5620 B.C.
10,950 ± 150
9000 B.C.
BONN-1684.
Same location, particle size fraction 63 to 2µ, 0.68°o C.
Samples coll., fractioned, and synthesized 1972 by Clir. Haupentlial,
Inst. Bodenkunde, Bonn Univ. Corn meat: between charcoal and organic
C fraction, particle size 63 to 21t, agreement is rather good. Exclusive use
of larger particle fraction leads to drastic decrease of age. Particle size
fractions 60 to 1tt seem optimal in loessic soils (Scharpenseel, 1970; 1972).
B. Fractions front con tin noras extract loll
One chernozem and podzol each were continuously extracted by 0.15
M Na1,P,O7 solution (chernozem required pretreatment with 0.1 N
H2SO.,). Successive fractions of extracted humic acids were separately
dated, after acid precipitation and drying of humic acids.
BONN-1809.
Chcrnozem, Aseler Holz,
10° 1' L Long), 1. fraction.
1030 ± 100
920
A.D.
22.5110 C,
BONN-1810.
Same location, 36.3% C, 2, fraction.
AC 40 to 60cm, (52° 10' N Lat,
4130 ± 270
2180 B.C.
4970 ± 80
3020 B.C.
BONN-1811.
Same location, 1.05% C, whole sample, unfractioned.
Samples coll., extracted, and subm. 1972 by Chr. Haupentlial. Comment: preceding 1st extract sample of low C concentration was modern.
Alkali extract of hard-to-extract soils is highly susceptible to atmospheric
University of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI
267
bomb C contamination, even if work was performed, wherever possible,
under N2 gas. In the BONN lab., this method was rejected.
BONN-1688.
Podzol Scherpenseel, gravel pit Weber,
22.5% C, Bh 120 to 140cm,
(50° 56' N Lat, 6° 0.5' E Long).
Samples are from same location.
±
1400
140
A.D. 550
1160-70
BONN-1689.
24.8% C
A.D.790
BONN-1691.
27.0% C
A.D.
110
25.5% C
1350
A.D. 600
±
BONN-1692.
1510
±
130
BONN-1693.
24.0% C
A.D. 440
BONN-1697.
Podzol Scherpenseel, gravel pit Weber,
20.8% C, Ah 80 to 100cm
1460±80
490
1290
±
70
A.D. 660
1220
± 70
BONN-1698. Same location, 16.5% C
A.D. 730
Samples coll., extracted, and subm. 1972 by Chr. Haupenthal. Comnaent: extraction of humus-C from podzols proceeds quickly and efficiently, yielding large quantities of organic carbon till gray-white sand
remains. Danger of contamination is lower than in case of chernozem
due to much shorter exposure time required for phase of alkali extraction. Results do not favor taking one special fraction out of continuous
extraction.
IV. SUBHYDRIC SOILS, GYTTJA
A. Schalkenmehren
Gyttja in Schalkenmehren-Maar, Eifel. Continuation of BONN-781
-802, Profile Ill (R., 1971, v. 12, p. 207). Profiles I to V are part of
larger program of subhydric soil studies in Eifel Maaren. The origin of
Schalkenmehren Maar, a true gas explosion funnel of ca. 25m depth, was
lately palynologically dated to ca. 10,950 B.P., by C11 dating of adjacent
dry maar layers to 13,900 B.P. (Erlenkauser et al., 1970). Erlenkauser and
co-workers estimate that, based on stable isotope measurements, mud of
Eifel maars might be contaminated by magmatic CO, which could
account for ca. 2000 yr gap between palynologic and C14 dates. Samples
are taken with a case lot, (50° 11.5' N Lat, 6° 50' E Long).
BONN-994.
Schalkenmehren maar, Profile I, NE of maar,
taken by case lot, 20.0% C, 0 to 10cm.
Samples from same location.
4690
2740
± 90
B.C.
268
H. W. Scharpenseel and F. Pietig
BONN-995.
24.0% C, 10 to 20cm
4790 --t 70
2840 B.C.
BONN-996.
18.4% C, 20 to 30cm
5240 ± 80
3290 B.C.
BONN-997.
23.5% C, 30 to 40cm
5340 ± 90
3390 B.C.
BONN-998.
30.6% C, 40 to 50cm
7260 ± 130
5310 B.C.
BONN-999.
31.9% C, 50 to 60cm
7170:t
110
5220 B.C.
9220
±
130
BONN-1000.
17.5% C, 60 to 70cm
7270 B.C.
BONN-1001.
26.9% C, 70 to 80cm
8480 ± 140
6530 B.C.
9740
±
110
BONN-1002.
27.0% C, 80 to 90cm
7790 B.C.
BONN-1003.
27.5% C, 90 to 100cm
9910
7960
BONN-1004.
26.6% C, 100 to 110cm
BONN 1005.
20.0% C, 110 to 120cm
10,180 B.C.
BONN-1662.
25.5% C, 120 to 150cm
12,190 ± 1 70
10,240 B.C.
BONN-1007.
Schalkenmehren maar, Profile II,
E of maar, taken by case lot, 6.8% C,
0 to 20cm. Samples from same location.
BONN-1008.
4.9% C, 20 to 30cm
3300 ± 100
1350 B.C.
BONN-1009.
4.6% C, 30 to 40cm
3580 ± 90
1630 B.C.
BONN-1010.
4.2% C, 40 to 50cm
2660 ± 90
710 B.C.
BONN-1011.
5.7% C, 50 to 60cm
3220 -!- 80
1270 B.C.
BONN-1012.
6.01]1 C, 60
4020 -} 80
2070 B.C.
±
9800 ± 90
7850 B.C.
12,130::t
to 70cm
100
B.C.
140
3470 ± 70
1520 B.c.
University of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI
269
4750 -} 80
BONN-1013.
5.0% C, 70 to 80cm
2800 B.C.
BONN-1014.
4.3% C, 80 to 90cm
3200 ± 80
1250 B.C.
BONN-1015.
3.4% C, 90 to 100cm
BONN-1016.
5.3% C, 100 to 110cm
BONN-1017.
6.9% C, 110 to 120cm
BONN-1018.
8.5%, C, 120 to 130cm
3740 ± 70
1790 B.C.
BONN-1019.
11.4% C, 130 to 140cm
BONN-1020.
14.3% C, 140 to 150cm
BONN-1021.
6.0% C, 150 to 160cm
2820 B.C.
BONN-1022.
13.5% C, 160 to 167cm
5200 - 80
3250 B.C.
BONN-1023.
8.3% C, 167 to 170cm
BONN-1024.
15.3('% C, 170
to 185cm
11,060 ± 150
9110 B.C.
BONN-1025.
20.6% C, 185 to 200cm
130
12,160
10,210 B.C.
BONN-1026.
Schalkenmebren maar, Profile IV,
N of maar, taken by case lot, 6.6% C,
0 to 10cm. Samples from same location.
± 80
170 B.C.
3120
1
3290
±
I340
B.C.
3570
±
1620
B.C.
3340
±
80
80
80
1390 B.C.
4930-90
2980
B.C.
4770±90
8930
BONN-1027.
4.8% C, 10 to 20cni
BONN-1028.
4.6-/,, C, 20 to 30cm
BONN-1029.
6.5°j%,
BONN-1030.
6.0% C, 40 to 50cm
±
100
6980 B.C.
-
3160
1210
±
70
B.C.
2940 ± 70
990 B.C.
2790
±
70
840 B.C.
2470-!-80
C, 30 to 40cm
520 B.C.
3960
±
2010
B.C.
60
H. Ti'. Scharpensccl and F. Pictig
270
3580 -!-- 60
1630 B.C.
BONN-1031.
7.6% C, 50 to 60cm
BONN-1032.
5.7,
BONN-1033.
9.8% C, 70 to 80cm
3390 ± 60
1440 B.C.
BONN-1034.
3.8",%,
C, 80 to 90cm
3060 ± 60
1110 B.C.
BONN-1036.
5.81/1,0"
C, 100 to 110cm
2630 --L 60
680 B.C.
BONN-1037.
6.3% C, 110 to 120cm
3000 ± 70
1050 B.C.
BONN-1038.
6.7% C, 120 to 130cm
2930 ± 70
980 B.C.
BONN-1039.
13.1% C, 130 to 140cm
BONN-1040.
13.5% C, 140 to 150cm
3020 ± 60
1070 B.C.
BONN-1041.
18.3% C, 150 to 160cm
3220 -!- 60
1270 B.C.
BONN-1043.
19.5% C, 170 to 180cm
3110 -!- 70
1160 B.C.
BONN-1044.
17.7% C, 180 to 190cm
3270 ± 70
1320 B.C.
BONN-1045.
12.8% C, 190 to 200cm
9290 ± 130
7340 B.C.
BONN-1046.
Schalkenmehren maar, Profile V,
SW of maar, taken by case lot, 8.3% C,
0 to 10cm. Samples from same location.
BONN-1047.
2.8% C, 10 to 20cm
BONN-1048.
4.3% C, 20 to 30cm
BONN-1049.
4.5% C, 30 to 40cm
± 80
1730 B.C.
BONN-1050.
4.9% C, 40 to 50cm
3840 -t 80
1890 B.C.
3520
C, 60 to 70cm
-L
70
1570 B.C.
2930
980
±
60
B.C.
3450 ± 80
1500 B.C.
2800 ± 80
850 B.C.
2770-!- 90
820 B.C.
3680
University of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI
271
3580
1630
-!-
80
BONN-1051.
4.4% C, 50 to 60cm
BONN-1052.
3.6°% C, 60 to 70cm
760 B.C.
BONN-1053.
2.3% C, 70 to 80cm
3000 ± 80
1050 B.C.
BONN-1054.
8.1% C, 80 to 90cm
2980 -} 80
1030 B.C.
BONN-1055.
2.8% C, 90 to 100cm
1140 B.C.
BONN-1056.
3.0%o C, 100
to 110cm
2920 ± 80
979 B.C.
BONN-1057.
5.0% C, 110 to 120cm
2950 ± 80
1000 B.C.
BONN-1058.
4.0°% C, 120 to 130cm
BONN-1059.
12.011,%
BONN-1060.
14.5% C, 140 to 150cm
900 B.C.
BONN-1061.
19.2% C, 150 to 160cm
2510 ± 80
560 B.C.
BONN-1062.
19.9 % C, 160 to 170cm
2350 ± 70
400 B.C.
BONN-1063.
30.0% C, 170 to 180cm
850 B.C.
BONN-1064.
20.8 %o C, 180 to 190cm
2630 ± 80
680 B.C.
BONN-1065.
20.8% C, 190 to 200cm
B.C.
2710±80
3090±70
2920
C, 130 to 140cm
±
100
970 B.C.
3340 -!- 80
1390 B.C.
2850-!-80
2800-80
2670±80
720 B.c.
Samples coll. and subm. 1969 by H. W. Scharpenseel, W. Kerpen,
and H. Gcwchr, Inst. Bodenkunde, Bonn Univ. Comment: dependent
on location of sampling, age vs. depth progression is very different, sometimes even to the point of trend reversal. Also, the mixing effect with
rejuvenation to considerable depth, e.g. by inflowing sewage or methane
bubbles, is assoc. with site of sampling spot, distance as well as windward
direction from lake shore village. C concentrations of gyttja vary greatly
with location and depth. Highest dates in Profile I and II, which were
H.
272
IV.
Scharpenseel and F. Pielig
ending on top of tuffaceous sand, blocking further penetration of the
case lot, reach ca. 12,000 yr. Profile IV is intermediate, dates of Profiles
III and IV, near inhabited S lake shore are much lower. Apparently,
hrlenkauser et al. (1970), besides using dry maar samples, disposed
of cores, penetrating also through the sandy tuff layers, which could
account for 1600 yr more, compared with our deepest samples. Results
show danger of lake sediment dating, relying on too few sampling spots.
B. Selent
Gyttja in lake of Selent, E Holsteen. Continuation of BONN-882
-908, Profile II (R., 1971, v. 13, p. 209). In this second biggest glacier
lake of E Holsteen, with max. depth ca. 45m, thickness of mud sediment
varies with echo sounder between <Im and 5 to 10m. Thickest sediment corresponds with shallow water in E part of lake. Profile cores
were taken by means of case lot (Profiles 1, III, IV), as well as with
Livingstone borer (Profiles II, V, VI) (54° 41' N Lat, 10° 35' E Long).
BONN-869. Selent lake, Profile I, in front of Giekau,
taken by case lot, 11.8% C, 0 to 25cm.
Samples from same location.
A.D.
380
1570
A.D.
1450
:t
70
500- 70
BONN-871.
12.3% C, 25 to 35cm
BONN-873.
12.7117
BONN-874
15 . 9% C, 55 to 65cm
280
.
22 . 3% C, 65 to 75cm
1250
BONN-876.
17.5% C, 75 to 85cm
BONN-877.
19.5% C, 85 to 100cm
BONN-878.
19.9% C, 100 to 115cm
A.D. 1020
BONN-879.
14.6% C, 115 to 125cm
A.D. 760
BONN-880.
Tube sample, 2m below end of
case lot, underneath sand, 3.7%
450C, 45 to 55cm
1670
.
70
A.D. 1500
±
100
70
BONN-875
A.D.
1160
970
±
70
±
70
A.D. 980
930
1190±70
BONN-1122.
C.
Soil profile on shore, opposite Profile I
in front of Giekau, 6% C, All 10 to
25cm. Samples from same location.
10,170 -L 140
8220 ii.c.
A.D.
140
1810
± 60
University of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI
273
390 -
BONN-1123.
1.2% C, Ah2 25 to 40cm
BONN-1124.
0.9% C, GoAh3, 40 to 60cm
BONN-1125.
0.4%a C,
A.D.
-
60
1560
620 -!- 60
A.D.
1330
1400
GorCi
60 to 80cm
A.D. 550
- 70
1290 ± 70
660
BONN-961. Selent lake, Profile III, between Selent
and Bellin, taken by case lot, 7.5% C,
0 to 15cm. Samples from same location.
A.D.
BONN-962.
18.5% C, 10 to 15cm
A.D. 650
BONN-911.
4.9% C,
A.D.
BONN-912
.
5 . 3%
C , 20 to 30cm
BONN-913.
6.4%%
C, 30 to 40cm
BONN-914.
6.4% C, 40 to 50cm
± 80
1880 B.C.
BONN-915.
7.1% C, 50 to 55cm
6380 ± 100
4430 B.C.
BONN-916.
2.8%p C, 55
to 60cm
6660 ± 100
4710 B.C.
BONN-917.
2.3%a C, 60 to 70cm
9760 ± 130
7810 B.C.
BONN-918.
2.1% C, 70 to 80cm
BONN-919.
0.9% C, 80 to 90cm
9570
BONN-920.
1.0% C, 90 to 100cm
9930 -t 120
7980 B.C.
BONN-921.
0.5% C, 100 to 110cm
11,100 B.C.
BONN-922.
0.4%o C, 110 to 120cm
12,570 ± 440
10,620 B.C.
BONN-924.
0.9% C, 130 to 140cm
15,200 ± 260
13,250 B.C.
1300 -± 70
1910
15
to 20cni
±
100
±
100
40
1430
520
80
410 B.c.
3830
11,350
±
150
9400 B.C.
11,520
±
130
B.C.
13,050-420
274
H. W. Scharpenseel and F. Pietig
BONN-925.
0.5% C, 140 to 150cm
11,020 -!- 160
9070 B.C.
BONN-926.
0.5% C, 150 to 160cm
21,640 -± 550
19,690 B.C.
BONN-927.
0.8% C, 160 to 170cm
21,200
19,250
BONN-930.
0.8% C, 190 to 200cm
20,510 -±- 460
18,560 B.C.
BONN-931.
0.5% C, 200 to 210cm
23,890 -L 700
21,940 B.C.
BONN-932.
0.8Io C, 210 to 220cm
24,410 ± 630
22,460 B.C.
BONN-963.
0.5% C, 220 to 240cm
24,790 -} 800
22,840 B.C.
BONN-964.
1.4% C, 240 to 250cm
24,830 -!- 970
22,880 B.C.
BONN-933.
Solent lake, Profile IV, in front of beach
of Selent village, taken by case lot, 14.6%
C, 0 to 5cm. Samples from same location.
±
550
B.C.
1630 -+- 70
320
A.D.
920±80
BONN-934.
12.5% C,
BONN-935.
9.5% C, 10 to 20cm
A.D.
BONN-936.
10.3% C, 20 to 30cm
A.D.
BONN-937.
10.1% C, 30 to 40cm
A.D. 900
BONN-938.
14.3% C, 40 to 50cm
A.D. 800
BONN-939.
10.9 % C, 50 to 60cm
A.D.
BONN-940.
11.3% C, 60 to 70cm
A.D. 950
BONN-941.
11.1% C, 50 to 70cm (rep)
1080
A.D. 870
BONN-942.
11.0% C, 70 to 80cm
A.D. 790
5
to 10cm
A.D.
1030
1550
400
± 70
1220 ± 70
730
1050±70
1150
±
70
1090-- 70
860
1040 --t 80
1160
±
70
- 70
University of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon Measuren,cnts VI
275
1770±70
BONN-943.
10.5% C, 80 to 90cm
BONN-944.
11.40 C, 80 to 100cm (rep)
BONN-945.
9.0% C, 90 to 100cm
BONN-946.
8.5% C, 100 to 110cm
110 B.C.
BONN-948.
8.60-/ C, 110 to 120cm
2570 ± 80
620 B.C.
BONN-949.
10.5% C, 120 to 130cm
3350 ± 80
1400 B.C.
BONN-951.
10.5% C, 130 to 144cm
2920 ± 70
970 B.C.
BONN-952.
5.4% C, 144 to 154cm
2690 ± 80
740 B.C.
BONN-953.
8.0(;
C, 154 to 157cm
8500 ± 120
6550 B.C.
BONN-954.
4.4
C, 157 to 160cm
10,390 ± 190
8440 B.C.
BONN-955.
0.8% C, 160 to 170cm
9810 - 180
7860 B.C.
BONN-956.
1.8°,-x,
C, 170 to 180cm
11,470 ± 160
9520 B.C.
BONN-957.
0.5% C, 180 to 190cm
BONN-959.
0.31/'%
A.D. 180
1670 -} 220
A.D. 280
1780
BONN-1127.
A.D.
2060
%
C, 190 to 215cm
Soil profile on shore, opposite Profile 1V,
in front of beach, Selent village, peaty,
36.4% C, T1 10 to 30cm. Samples
from same location.
BONN-1128.
41.3% C, T2 30 to 50cm
BONN-1129.
35.6% C, T3 40 to 60cm
BONN-1130.
34.1% C, T4 60 to 80cm
±
70
±
70
170
12,330
± 220
10,380
B.C.
17,390 ± 460
15,440 B.C.
1750
200
±
50
2460
510
±
60
A.D.
B.C.
2210±
260
2580
630
70
B.C.
±
70
B.C.
H. W. Scharpcnsccl and F. Pictig
276
BONN-1131.
35.6% C,
T5
2670
720
80 to 100cm
Selent lake, Profile V, in
lake center ahead of
narrowing NE branch
towards Giekau, taken
by Livingstone borer,
0.7(17) C, 0 to 20 cm.
24,590
22,640
B.C.
Organic C
Carbonate C
BONN-967.
± 70
± 690
106.3
±
0.2
Modern
B.C.
470 ± 110
1480
BONN-968.
0.4% C, 20 to 40cm
28,500 ± 1100
26,550 B.C.
BONN-969.
0.7% C, 40 to 60cm
27,810 7t 820
25,860 B.C.
BONN-970.
1200
30,280
28,330 B.C.
6660
0.5% C, 60 to 80cm
BONN-971.
29,170 ± 1190
27,220 B.C.
9070
0.4% C, 80 to 100cm
±
BONN-972.
37,810 ± 3190
35,860 B.C.
8640
0.6% C, 100 to 120cm
6690
B.C.
32,940 -!- 1870
30,990 B.C.
11,650:L 590
BONN-973.
0.3% C, 120 to 140cm
BONN-974.
0.4% C, 140 to 160cm
37,600 -±-- 3310
35,650 B.C.
10,620 -!- 390
8670 B.C.
BONN-975.
0.50
C, 160 to 180cm
37,890 ± 2980
35,940 B.C.
10,930 ± 460
8980 B.C.
BONN-976.
0.4% C, 180 to 200cm
36,250 ± 2660
34,300 B.C.
14,180 -t 670
12,230 B.C.
BONN-977.
Selent lake, Profile VI, bay near Seekrug,
taken by Livingstone borer, 11.7% C,
0 to 20cm. Samples from same location.
BONN-978.
10.1% C, 20 to 40cm
BONN-979.
7.1°J%,
BONN-980.
5.1% C, 60 to 80cm
BONN-981.
6.6% C, 80 to 96cm
C, 40 to 60cm
-
A.D.
3160 ± 330
1210 B.C.
± 510
4710 B.C.
±
420
7120 B.C.
420
9700 B.C.
780±70
A.D.
1170
A.D.
980
970
1580
370
- 90
± 80
A.D.
2290 ± 80
340 B.C.
2970
±
110
1020 B.C.
University of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI
277
3120±80
BONN-982.
9.5%%
C, 100 to 120cm
BONN? 983.
9.8%j1
C, 120 to 140cm
BONN-984.
10.2°]1 C, 140 to 160cm
BONN-985.
6.3% C, 160 to 180cm
BONN-986.
9.2% C, 180 to 200cm
BONN-987.
12.6% C, 200 to 220cm
BONN-988.
7.6 o C, 220 to 240cm
BONN-989.
5.7% C, 240 to 260cm
BONN-990.
1.01
C, 260 to 280cm
BONN-991.
1.5
o
C, 280 to 300cm
BONN-992.
0.61]1 C, 300
to 320cm
BONN-993.
0.21]1 C, 320
to 340an
1170 B.C.
±
2350
400
3430
90
B.C.
± 80
1480 R.C.
4260
2310
±
110
B.C.
4850 ± 90
2900 B.C.
4670
±
2720
B.C.
4850
±
2900
B.C.
5870
±
120
100
230
3920 B.C.
5340
±
3390
B.C.
5590
±
180
360
3640 B.c.
10,080
8130
±
520
B.C.
30,930 ± 1150
28,980 B.C.
Samples coll. and subm. 1969 by H. W. Scharpenseel, AV. Kerpen,
and H. Geweh . Comment: as in Schalkenmehren series, the extent of
anthropogenic influence, exerted on sampling sites, correlates with age
vs. depth pattern of profiles. Selent I and 11 sites are close to present
day village Giekau and a presumed submerged prehistoric settlement.
Profile I is young, it has maximum dates of 7000 yr. Selent III to VI
date to 25,000 yr, 17,000 yr, 14,200 yr, and 10,000 yr (with a doubtful
jump to 31,000 yr in deepest sample, which should be verified). The
lake sediment was possibly influenced by partly available free carbonates
(Miinnich, 1957; Munich and Vogel, 1959). Selent V was tested on
the basis of carbonate C as well as on remaining organic C. Results show
no strict relationship, except for general trend of age vs. depth increase.
Results suggest, that formation of Selent lake sediment began at least
since Boelling, or even Paudorf interval. Measurement of apparent mean
residence time in 2 soil profiles on shore, opposite Profile I and IV,
reveals young lake alluvium, just as in Profile I, or at Selent lake beach
H.
278
TV.
Scharpenseel and F. Pictig
(opposite Profile IV) peat layers up to 2700 yr, indicating filling of
certain parts of lake fringes by low moor formation since Sub-Boreal.
V. ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES
Iran series
Age of old mine, S fringe of Great Kavir, Central Iran, Chap Nukluk
or Nakhlak, dated through work on 3 buildings from Sasanitic origin
(4 to 7th century), (33° 12' N Lat, 53° 46' E Long).
1790 ± 100
A.D. 160
BONN-1666.
Relic of decaying supporting pole, assoc. arclieol. materials, mining
tools, wedges, earthen ware.
1190 ± 80
A.D. 760
BONN-1667.
Parts of 2 wooden containers, assoc. archeol. materials, mining tools,
wedges, earthen ware.
1820 ± 80
A.D. 130
BONN-1668.
"Truncated wooden pole, in gate of antique fort, beside 2 Sasanidic
fire temples. Samples coll. and subm. 1971 by U. W. Hallier, Inst. Bot.,
Dilsseldorf Univ. Conanient: dates agree with expectations.
Netherrhine series
Dates different buildings or parts of buildings of Burg Nleer, A Ieerbusch-Buderich, Kreis Grevenbroich as part of regional study by Dr.
Janssen, Rheinisches Landesmus. Bonn, (51° 16' N Lat, 6° 41' E Lou,-).
1130 ± 70
A.D. 820
BONN-1673.
Burning relics of wooden Building VI, 120cm below surface.
1130 ± 70
BONN-1674.
Roof cover, oak wood, Building
A.D. 820
111.
910 ± 70
BONN-1675.
Palisade pole, layer younger Period B.
A.D. 1040
1100 ± 70
BONN-1676.
Slice of oak tree, layer younger Period B.
A.D. 850
BONN-1677.
Roof cover, oak wood, Building III.
A.D.
BONN-1678.
Burning relics, wooden Building V.
A.D.
1090 ± 70
860
1140 ± 80
180
University of Bonn Nat tool Radiocarbon Measuremnenls VI
BONN-1679.
Wooden swimmer front fishing net.
279
840 ± 80
A.D.
1110
1180 ± 70
BONN-1680.
A.D. 770
Parts of oak wooden Boat III. Samples coll. and subm. 1971 by Dr.
Janssen. Conirnenl: estimated age of samples, 11 to 12th century, exceeded by measured dates, except for BONN-1675 and BONN-1679.
REFERENCES
Blackburn, G. and Coppi, 1. A., 1970, Gilgai soils, details of samples, Kaniva District,
Vicloria: CSIRO, Div. Soils, 'Loch Memo. 50, 1970.
])let/,, Th., 1971, Landschaften uud Biiden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland:
Deutsch. Bodenkundl. Gcscll. Mitt., v. 13, p. 479-519.
Erlenkauser, H., Straka, H., and \Villkonnn, It., 1970, Neue C"-Datierungen zum
Alter der Eifelmaare: Eiszeitalter it. Gegenwart, v. 21, p. 177-181.
Frechen, J., 1971, Sichengebirge am Rhein, I.aacher Vulkangehiet, Maargehiet der
Westeilel: Sammhuig Geol. Eiihrer, Berlin, Borntrager.
Miickenhausen, E., Scharpcnsccl, II. W., and Pictig, F., 1968, Zum Alter des Plaggeneschs: Eiszeitalter u. Gegenwart, N. 19, p. 190-196.
Miinnich, K. 0., 1957, Messungeu des C11-Gchaltcs on hartem Grundwasser; Nat:urwissenschaftcn, v. 44, p. 3;-33.
Miinnich, K. O. and Vogel, J. C., 1959, C11-Altcrshestimmungcu von SiissssasscrKalkablagerungen: Naturwissenschaften, v. 46, p. 168-169.
Scharpcnsccl, H. W., 1970, Radiocarbon dating of soils-problems, troubles, hopes,
in: I). H Yaalon (ed.), Palcopedology-origin, nature and dating of Paleosols:
Intcrnatl. Soil Sci. Soc., p. 77-88.
1972, Natural radiocarbon measurements on soil organic matter
and on soil profiles of different pedogenesis: lnternatl. radiocarbon datingfractions
Couf.,
Lower Hutt, New Zealand (in press).
Scharpcnsccl, H. W. and Pictig, F., 1969, Einfaclic Boden-und Wasserdaticrung lurch
\fessung (let C"-oder Tritinmkonzentration: Geoderma, v. 2, p. 273-289.
1970, University of Bonn natural radiocarbon measurements III: Radiocarbon, v. 12, p. 19-39.
1971, University of Bonn natural radiocarbon measurements IV: Radiocarbon, v. 13, p. 189-212.
1973, University of Bonn natural radiocarbon measurements V: Radiocarbon, v. 15, p. 13-41.
Tamers, M. A. and Scharpenseel, H. W., 1970, Sequential sampling of radiocarbon
in groundwater: IAEA Isotope Hydrology Conf., Vienna, p. 241-257.
--
[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 15,
No. 2, 1973, P. 280-298.
ISOTOPES' RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS X
JAMES BUCKLEY
TELEDYNE ISOTOPES, Westwood, New Jersey
INTRODUCTION
The measurements presented below were made during 1970-71 by
techniques described in R., 1968, v. 10, p. 246, and 1970, v. 12, p. 87.
Errors associated with the de Vries effect and the uncertainty of the halflife are not included. In November 1971 a new low level, quartz-lined
1/2L counter designed by M. Stuiver was put into operation. It has
allowed routine measurements with the samples representing 500mg to
lg pure carbon.
ACKNO\VLLDCDILNTS
I wish to thank our clients who have supplied the sample descriptions and informative comments. Technical support in the laboratory
was provided by J. Bonitos and T. Amato. The thoughtful assistance
provided by Joyce Buckley and Marie Mandel in preparing the manuscript is gratefully acknowledged.
SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS
1.
GEOLOGIC SADIeLES
fl. United Slates
10,980 ± 190
9030 B.C.
California
Diego,
San
1-5872. La Nacion Fault,
in
Otay
Fault
(32° 36'
Nacion
La
Basal organic alluvium offset by
of
thickness
Maximum
California.
Diego,
San
Long),
N Lat, 117° 02' W
alluvium is 7m, upper 2 to 3m are unaffected by fault (Artim and Pickney, mss. in preparation). Coll. and subm. 1971 by E. R. Artim, Woodward-Gizienski Assoc., San Diego, California. Comment (E.R.A.): fault
mapped through 32kni and shows vertical displacement of at least 65m
since deposition of mid-Pleistocene sediments.
2100 ± 95
150 B.C.
Mississippi
L-4-1,
1-4492. Long Greek
90°
0' 19" W
N
Lat,
11'
43"
(34°
Cypress wood from Long Creek
Co.,
Panola
R.8W,
T.10S,
Sec.23,
SE
Pope,
SW
of
5.6km
Long), ca.
1/4,
Mississippi. From log at base of old channel filling, exposed at water
level in right cut bank, 6m depth from top of bank. Coll. and subm.
1969 by S. C. Happ and G. S. Stanford. Comment (S.C.H.): date indicates approx. age of 5m flood-plain sediment, capped by dark topsoil
that was at surface when country was settled ca. 1840.
10,230 ± 150
8280 B.C.
Ohio
1-5843. Carter-1,
12'
N Lat, 84°
(40°
Co.
in
Drake
layer
from
peat
Wood (Piece sp.)
to
adjacent
rib
and
mastodon
with
Assoc.
Ohio.
Ansonia,
Long)
40' W
280
James Buckley
281
bones from the moose-elk (Cerz alces scotti Lydekke)-), ca. 1.5m below
datum plane. Coll. and subm. 1971 by R. S. Mills, Dayton Mus. Nat. Hist.
Dry Cave series, New Mexico
Samples front Dry Cave, Eddy Co., SE V4, Sec.22, T.22S, R.24E,
NMPM (32° 22' 25" N Lat, 104° 28' 55" W Long), New Mexico. Alt.
1400tH (Harris, 1970; Holman, 1970; Metcalf, 1970). Coll. and subm.
1971 by A. H. Harris, Univ. Texas at El Paso.
3135 ± 165
1-6199. A.H.H. 5104
1185 B.c.
Charcoal flecks from 80 to 100cm depth, Grid A in entrance deposits. Comment (A.H.H.): Human remains at ca. 2.75m depth and
Pleistocene-Recent contact ca. 3.5m.
10,730 ± 150
1-6200. S.M.B. 94,
8780 B.C.
Collagen from Bison and Egnits bones in youngest deposits in a
closed sink. Assoc. with camel and microtine rodent remains.
15,030 ± 210
1-6201. Charlies Parlor
13,080 B. c.
Bone collagen from entrance fissure ca. 7m depth. Comment
(A.H.H.): dates opening of entrance fissure and beginning of deposition
from outside cave.
Continental shelf series, New York
Peat from inner continental shelf S of Long Island, New York. Coll.
1968 by Alpine Geophysical Assoc. for Coastal Engineering Res. Center,
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C.; subm. 1971 by N.
Kumar.
7585 ± 125
1-5880. CERC-C 73B
5635 B.C.
From peat bed 15cm thick in Core 73 (40° 44' 36" N Lat; 72° 45'
22" NV Lou,)), 1.55m below waterjsediment interface.
7750 ± 125
1-5881. CERC-C 67F
5800 B.c.
From peat bed 5cm thick in Core 67 (40° 39' 45" N Lat, 73° 00'
06" W Long), 4.5m below water, sediment interface.
General Comment (N.K.): peat formed in tidal marsh when sea level
was -16m. Dates indicate that, during the last 7500 yr as sea level rose,
the Long Island chain of barriers migrated landward at least 2.4km
(Kumar and Sanders, 1970).
6930 ± 115
1-5503. Lost Creek Dam site, Oregon
4980 B.C.
Sycamore (Plntanns )-acemosa) from Lost Creek Dam site (42° 41'
N Lat, 122° 40' W Long), NE t4 NW I4 SE 1/4, Sec-23, T.33S, R.IE,
Jackson Co., Oregon. From 21m depth in gleyed boulder clay, beneath
James Buckley
282
14m Mazama pumice and 7m of cinder-ash. Coll. 1970 by R. C. Herriman, A. J. Gerig, and R. B. Parsons; subm. 1970 by R. B. Parsons,
USDA Soil Conservation Scrv., Corvallis, Oregon. Comment (R.B.P.):
(late is maximum for Alco soil, possible minimum for Carney-like soil,
and several episodes of geomorphic interest.
B. Canada
Cowichan Head series, British Columbia
Marine shells (incl. Nacula and Macoma) from exposure ca. 26m
above high-tide level in cliff face, AV shore Cordova Channel (48° 34'
N Lat, 123° 22' 30" W Long), ca. 3.lkm S of Cordova Spit, Saanich
Peninsula, British Columbia. From 8.3ni layer blue-gray glacio-marine
clay (lowest unit of Quadra sediments). Coll. and subm. 1969 by H. D.
Foster, Univ. Victoria.
33,750 ± 2000
1-4452.
(I) 0.2m from top of clay bed
31,800B.c.
34,900 ± 2300
32,950B.c.
1-4453. (II) 0.9m from top of clay bed
intertill sediQuadra
of
presence
confirms
(H.D.F.):
Comment
General
ments on Saanich Peninsula. Elsewhere in area similar poorly varved
glacio-marine sediments overlie Dashwood tills. If varves are annual,
Dashwood Glaciation of S Vancouver I. must have terminated ca. 41,200
yr ii.Y. (Armstrong et al., 1965; Fyles, 1963).
8550 ± 140
6600 B.c.
I-5921. Bagotville, Quebec, Canada
Marine shells (ilIya a)-enaria) from fresh cut in terrace lni below
surface, Bagotville (Grand-Anse) (48° 19' 10" N Lat, 70° 50' 25" W
Long), Chicoutimi Co., Quebec, Canada. From intertidal sand and mud
overlying marine gray clay, many shells in situ. Coll. 1969 and subm. 1971
by J. C. Dionne, Laurentian Forest Research Center, Quebec, Canada.
Comment (J.C.D.): date valuable for last phase of marine invasion of
Lake St. Jean (LaSalle, 1965; LaSalle and Rondot, 1967).
10,400 ± 150
8450 B.C.
1-5922. Saguenay River, Quebec, Canada
Marine shells (Maconza balthica) from fresh road cut along main
road between Todoussac and Chicoutimi-nord (48° 11' 50" N Lat, 69°
43' 35" W Long), Sacre-Coeur-dc-Saguenay, Saguenay Co., Quebec,
Canada. From marine varved clay 8ni below surface. Coll. 1970 and
subm. 1971 by J. C. Dionne. Comment (J.C.D.): postglacial marine submergence of area of Tadoussac is known to have reached 140m; hence
date is minimum for marine invasion (LaSalle, 1965; LaSalle and Rondot,
1967).
Isotobes' Radiocarbon Measurements X
283
Ecuador
>34,000
1-6043. El Junco 5, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
El
Isla San
Crater
lake,
Junco,
on
Organic gyttja core sample from
Cristobal (Chatham) (0° 5' S Lat, 89° 35' W Long), Galapagos Is.,
Ecuador. From band of organic material 0.5m thick, 8.5m from top of
15.4m core. Red clay lies above and below organic layer. Coll. 1966 by
P. A. Colinvaux; subm. 1971 by E. K. Schofield, Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio. Comment (E.K.S.): pollen and spore content show presence
of water plants not now known on islands. We postulate that these
plants became extinct during 20,000 yr drought (Colinvaux, 1968; 1971;
Schofield and Colinvaux, 1969).
6615 ± 110
1-6044. Livingstone I, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
4665 u.c.
4,
Isla Santa Cruz
Organic gyttja (black) from Livingstone I, Bog
(0° 40' S Lat, 91° 22' W Lou,-.), Galapagos Is., Ecuador. From domed
Sphagnum bog at base of crater near summit of island, depth 105 to
109cm, from 1st sec. of gyttja under 90cm Sphagnum. Coll. 1966 by P. A.
Colinvaux; subm. 1971 by E. K. Schofield. Comment (E.K.S.): 1 of 4
bogs sampled in same area. Pollen and spores were counted and data is
being analyzed to produce model of bog formation in an equatorial
site (Colinvaux, 1968).
D. Europe
I-5116. Ahernethy Forest, Carn a' Chnuic
685 ± 90
Soil Profile III
A.D. 1265
Fine fraction of raw humus (Mor) from Abernethy Forest, Inverness-shire (57° 12' 30" N Lat, 3° 37' W Long), Scotland. At H/F2 contact of podsol beneath open callunetum (heathland). Coll. 1968; subm.
and pretreated 1970 by P. O'Sullivan, Dept. Geog., New Univ. Ulster,
Ireland. Comment (P.O'S.): pollen analyses at this level indicate site
supported open heath. Another date from site indicates heath was established at ca. A.D. 600 (UB-395: R., v. 13, p. 116). Sample part of study of
dynamics of Scots Pine forest.
C.
1-5117.
Ahernethy Forest, Faesheallach Burn
soil profile
1505 ± 150
A.D. 445
Charcoal from Abernethy Forest, Inverness-shire (57° 12' N Lat,
Grid Ref. NJ (38) 053143, Scotland. From mineral
horizon of podsol at depth 24cm. Coll. 1969; subm. and pretreated 1970
by P. O'Sullivan. Cornrnent (P.O'S.): pollen analyses of mineral horizon
containing sample indicate existence of birch-dominated woodland.
3° 34' 30" W Long),
1850 ± 95
1-5069. W Preston, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland
A.D. 100
Peat from base of low cliff N shore Solway Firth, 1km S of W
Preston farm, Nat. Grid Ref. NX 952 553 (54° 53' N Lat, 03° 38' W
Long), Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. From basal 5cm of lm thick peat
284
James Buckley
bed, underlain by sand. Coll. 1966 and subm. 1970 by W. G. Jardine,
Univ. Glasgow, Scotland. Comment (W.G.J.): elate is minimum for formation of lowest raised marine terrace of area.
Moss of Cree, Wigtownshire, Scotland
4000 ± 100
2050 B.C.
1-5513.
Wood from Moss of Cree, 500nr S of Carsenestock farm, Wigtownshire (54° 55' N Lat, 4° 25' W Long), Nat. Grid Ref. NX445 614, Scotland. From edge of truncated peat bog at junction of peat and underlying gray carse deposits, 8.35m above Newlyn. Coll. and subm. 1970 by
W. G. Jardine. Comment (W.G.J.): dates local commencement of peat
growth and minimum age for end of Flandrian marine transgression in
Wigtown Bay area (1-5070: 4290 ± 100, unpub., for Dumfriesshire coast
of Solway Firth).
6325 ± 120
4375 B.C.
1-5514. Carseminnoch, Scotland
Wood from N bank R. Cree, 500m S of Carseminnoch farm, Kirkcudbrightshire (54° 56' N Lat, 04° 26' W Long), Scotland. From outer
layers of tree branch embedded in estuarine laminated sand and silt,
4.30m above Newlyn. Coll. 1967 and subm. 1970 by W. G. Jardine.
Comment (W.G.J.): age agrees with Q-639, (6159 -±- 120: R., v. 4, p. 60)
at Newton Stewart, 3km WVNW, 4.26m and BIRM-189, (6240 ± 240:
R., v. 13, p. 144) at Palnure, lkin NE, 6.38m and substantiates chronology
suggested by Shotton (R., v. 13, p. 144-1,15).
E. Greenland
Erfalik series, West Greenland
Shells (Mya truncatg) from Erfalik, S side of entrance to lkertoq
Fjord (66° 25' N Lat, 53° 37' W Long) W Greenland. Coll. 1967 and
subm. 1970 by A. WVeidick, Geol. Survey Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark.
7010 ± 125
5060 B.C.
1-5415. No. 88962
From shell horizon, +1.7ni in 4 to 5m cliff- of marine deposits. Other
species include Cardium. echinatum, Tellina sp., Serripes groen.landicum.
1-5416. No. 88959
From top of terrace of No. 88962, ca. +8m.
8480 ± 130
6530 B.C.
Scoresby Sund series, East Greenland
Shells from Scoresby Sund, East Greenland, dated to study relative
sealevel changes and disappearance of some shellfish (Funder, 1971).
Coll. and subm. 1970 by Svend Funder, Geol. Survey Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Isotopes' Radiocarbon Measurements X
285
21,020 ± 430
1-5419. Heden, Jameson Land, Scoreshy Sund
19,070 B.C.
Mya truncata from 50m cliff of gray marine silt (70° 46' N Lat,
24° 07' y V Long) Heden. From +42 to 45m, some shells in situ. Comment
(S.F.): area believed covered by ice during last glaciation. Older marine
deposits above silt at 75m. It seems likely that great age of sample is
result of mixing of interglacial material with postglacial shells. Lab.
Comment: 62% of shell carbonate removed with acid washes before
dating.
24,300 ± 700
I-5419C. Resample of 1-5419
22,350 B.C.
Lab. Conzment: 37(/'0' of shell removed with acid washes before
dating.
6650 ± 125
I-5420. Edge of Eielson Gletscher
4700 B.C.
Mya trnncata, Hiatella aretica, and Macoma calcarea at edge of
Lielson Gletscher, Rypefjord, (71° 09' N Lat, 27° 50' W Long). From
gray silt +30ni, containing fragments of Mytilus ednlis. Comment (S.F.):
dates time when terminus of Eielson Gletscher was upstream from its
present limit and presence of now-extinct Mytilus in area. Lab. Comment: 69% of shell removed with acid washes before analysis.
7140 ± 130
I-5421. North shore of Haref jord
5190 B.C.
Mya trnncata from N shore (70° 57' N Lat, 28° 09' W Long) Harefjord. From surface of silt layer, +42 to 46m. Comment (S.F.): believed
to (late relative sea level at +50m, the local marine limit. Lab. Comment:
(iO% of
shell removed with acid washes before dating.
6450 ± 120
1-5422. Moraenepynt in F¢nfjord
4500 B.C.
Itlya truncatg and Hiatella arctica from (70° 25' N Lat, 27° 49'
\V Long) Moraenepynt. From surface of silt, +20 to 22nt. Fragments
of now extinct Mytilus edulis found in deposit. Comment (S.F.): probable date of marine shoreline at +25m. Lab. Comment: 55% of shell
removed by acid washes before dating.
6840 ± 125
1-5423. Elvdalen, Denmark
4890 B.C.
Mya trnncata, Hiatella aretica, Astarte borealis, and Astarte elliptica
from (70° 27' N Lat, 26° 12' W Long) Llvdalen. From surface of silt,
+1.5 to 3m. Fragments of Mytilus edulis, now extinct in area, were
present. Comment (S.F.): shells may be related to a boulder shoreline
at +6m. Lab Comment: 63°j% of shell removed by acid washes before
dating.
James Buckley
286
Frederick E. Hyde Fjord series, North Greenland
Driftwood from Frederick E. Hyde Fjord, Peary Land (83° 05' N
Lat, 32° 15' W Long), N Greenland. Wood id. by J. D. Miller, Bot.
Inst., Univ. Copenhagen. Coll. 1969 by P. Dawes, subm. 1970 by A.
Weidick.
1935 ± 90
A.D. 15
GGU No. 100658
Picea sp. partially buried in gravel beach ridge +15.1m.
I-5591.
4645 ± 115
2695 B.c.
1-5592. GGU No. 100659
15.1m.
ridge
gravel
beach
in
Picea sp. partially buried
+
4815 ± 115
2865 B.C.
1-5593. GGU No. 100660
Larix sp. partially buried in gravel beach ridge 18.5m above mean
sea level.
General Comment (A.W.): dated for relative sea level changes.
F. Africa
Nakuru Basin series, Kenya
Charcoal and carbonate samples from S of Lake Nakuru, Kenya.
Three sedimentary units (A, B, and C) deposited during large expansions
of Lake Nakuru. They are separated by 2 widespread disconformities
(Washbourn, 1967; Washbourn-Kamau, 1970). A prolonged period of
low lake level separate Units A and B. Unit A includes evidence of 3
high lake stands. The area is type for "Ganiblian Pluvial" and "Makalian
and Nakuru post Pluvial" wet phases (Leaky, 1931), but relationship
between climatostratigraphic divisions and lithostratigraphic units is
still not clear. Coll. and subm. 1969-1970 by G. L. Isaac and Univ. Calif.,
Berkeley.
I-5062.
Base of Unit B
12,160 ± 170
10,210 B.c.
Charcoal from Site GsJi 2/T, Enderit Drift near Elmenteita (0° 31'
Lat, 36° 05' E Long). A rubble lens of occupational debris interstratified with lacustrine deposits at base of most recent 185m high lake episode. Assoc. industry includes backed blades and very delicate obsidian
awls. Comment (G.L.I.): date agrees closely with N-822 (R., v. 14, p. 228).
S
21,030 ± 420
19,080 B.C.
1.5063. Lacustrine member, Unit A
Lobate and botryoidal carbonate concretions 20 to 40m diam. from
Makalia Bend Drift (0° 29' 30" S Lat, 36° 05' 30" E Long). Concretions
may be contemporaneous with surrounding clay or secondary. Adjacent
outcrops yielded "Middle Stone age" artifacts.
Isotopes' Radiocarbon Measurements X
287
3810 ± 110
1-5064. Lacustrine strata in Unit B
1860 B.c.
Lobate and branching carbonate concretions up to 25mm diam.
from S of Makalia Bend (00 29' 30" S Lat, 36° 05' E Long). From poorly
consolidated siltstoncs with hematitic laminae traceable to 153m above
existing lake. Underlies Makalia ash dated at 3540 ± 120, N-821 (R.,
v. 14, p. 227). Lab. Comment: 50% of sample removed with acid washes
before dating.
3400 ± 100
1-5064C. Split of I-5064
1450 B.c.
Lab. Coircnient: 45% of sample removed with acid washes before
dating. Comment (G.L.1.): stratum correlates with Gambles Cave high
stand for Lake Nakuru but date appears too young. Carbonate concretions could be secondary emplacements.
9360 ± 135
1-5447. East Rudolf, Kenya (ER 70.06a-0000)
7410 B.C.
Shell (Unto, Corbicula, iblclanoide.s) from 8km SSE of Ileret Police
Post, Alarsabit Dist., E Region (04° 15' N Lat, 36° 14' E Long), Kenya.
From ca. 2km E of present shoreline of Lake Rudolf represents stand
60m above existing lake. Co11. and subm. 1970
G. D. Johnson, Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, New Hampshire. Comment (G.D.J.): air photos
show continuity of deposit along NE shore. Unit correlates with number
IVa Kibish Fm., Lower Omo Basin, Ethiopia (Butzer and Thurber, 1969;
Leaky, 1970; Vondra, 1971).
.by
G. Australia
Lake Callabonna series, South Australia
Samples from SE portion of Lake Callabonna (29° 48' S Lat, 140°
10' L Long), S Australia. Coll. 1970 by C. Ray and R. Emry; subnt. 1971
by R. H. Tedford, Am. Ins. Nat. History, N.Y.
1-5479. SIAM 86
>39,900
'iVood from base of laminated clay containing l)iprotodon and other
large vertebrates. Disarticulated skeletons of giant wombat (Plrascolonns)
and extinct kangaroo (P)-ot(.,mnodon) found in situ in immediately overlying clay (Stirling and Zietz, 1899). Comment (R.H.T.): date confirms
NZ-205 (>40,000) from plant remains in abdominal region of Diprotodon
skeleton and contradicts date of NZ-206 from Diprotodon dentine (R.,
1963, v. 5, p. 143).
2375 ± 95
1-5733. SIAM 28
425 B.c.
Bulk sample of disseminated charcoal in sand, not treated for removal of huntic acids. From a succession of gypsiferous clay and sand
lenses disconformably overlying Dip)otodon-bearing clay of 1-5479.
288
James Buckley
2080 ± 100
130 B.C.
1-5730. SIAM 25
Carbonate portion of egg shell from nesting site for shore birds,
same horizon as 1-5733. Lab. Comment: outer 23% of shell removed
with acid washes before dating.
Ii. ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES
A. United States
Nunivak Island series, Alaska
Charcoal and wood from Nunivak I., W bank Mekoryuk R. (60°
15' N Lat, 166° 8' W Long), ca. 4.8km S of Mekoryuk, Alaska. Coll. and
subm. 1969 and 1970 by M. Nowak (except where noted), Dept.
Anthropol., Colorado College (Nowak, 1970).
310 ± 95
1640
A.D.
2,
1
Level
1-4485. MK2-Housepit
Charcoal from floor of Housepit 2, Level 1, .84 to .87m depth. Comment (M.N.): dates most recent of 3 recognizable occupations. Assoc.
artifacts represent Norton-like culture.
1925 ± 95
25
A.D.
1,
8
Level
MK2-Housepit
1-4486.
8,
1,
1.58m
depth.
Level
Housepit
of
Charcoal from floor plank
culture.
Norton-like
from
artifacts
assoc.
(M.N.):
Comment
670 ± 95
1280
2,
A.D.
Level
4
1-4487. MK4-Housepit
Charcoal from floor of only house in Housepit 2, Level 4, .80 to
.87m depth. Comment (M.N.): assoc. artifacts indicate Nukleet-like
culture.
2100 ± 95
150 B.C.
I-4488. MK2-Housepit 1, Level 9
Wood from 1 of 4 structural posts in Housepit 1, Level 9, 1.80m
depth. Comment (M.N.): (late of house probably younger due to use
of driftwood in building. Assoc. with Norton-like materials.
1360 ± 95
A.D. 590
1-5303. MK2-Housepit 1-D, Level 2
Charcoal from Housepit 1-D, Level 2, 1.35 to 1.40m depth. Comment
(M.N.): date indicates time of change from fiber-tempered, to later sandtempered, check-stamped pottery. Artifacts indicate Norton-like culture.
955 ± 90
A.D. 995
1-5304. MK4-Housepit 6, Level 4
Charcoal from floor of house in Housepit 6, near hearth at 1.lOm
depth, Level 4. Coll. 1970 by J. Anderson. Comment (M.N.): dates house
of Nukleet-like culture.
Isotol)cs' Radiocarbon. Measurements X
289
9130 ± 130
1.6304. Ground Hog Bay-Site #2, Alaska
7180 B.C.
Charcoal from Ground Hog Bay, Icy Strait area (58° 14' N Lat,
135° 15' W Long), W of Juneau, Alaska. From depression in reddish
sands overlying till of terminal Wisconsin, depth 220 to 224cm below
datum. Asso(. with lithic debitage. Coll. 1971 by I). Brauner; subm.
1972 by R. E. Ackerman, Washington State Univ., Pullman, Washington.
Cotnmettt (R.E.A.): dates occupation of area in early Holocene times,
soon after general glacial retreat. This is oldest dated horizon for SE
Alaska (Ackerman, 1971).
1-5938.
Mrn-170 #2, California
1350 ± 95
600
A.D.
Adult human femur from near town of Ignacio (38° 04' 25" N Lat,
AV Long), ca. 37km N of San Francisco, 0.8km N of Hamilton
Air Force Base, California. From 120cm below present ground surface
lying on sterile bedrock. From tightly flexed burial assoc. with Oliz ella
modified saddle-type beads, red ocher, steatite ear plug, bone "wand"
and large incised and perforated Haliolis ornaments (Burial #108-120)
(Henn and Jackson, mss. in preparation). Coll. 1971 by W. Henn and
T. L. Jackson; subm. 1971 by M. J. Moratto, Treganza Anthropol. Mus.,
122° 32'
San Francisco State College.
Shantok Cove series, Connecticut
Charcoal from Stantok Cove site (41° 28' 50" N Lat, 72° 4' 38" W
Long), Fort Shantok State Park, Montville, New London Co., Connecticut. A multi-component site excavated 1967 to 1970 by field parties from
New York Univ. Coll. and subm. B. Salwen, N.Y.U. Dept. Anthropol.,
N.Y.
1110 ± 95
1-5615. Shantok Cove, base of midden
A.D. 840
From concentration of dark earth and small charcoal fragments ca.
30cm depth, at base of 15cm thick shell midden zone. Early Windsor
pottery recovered in immediate vicinity.
1035 ± 150
1-5616. Shantok Cove, midden
A.D. 915
From above and adjacent to 2.5cm thick ash layer, ca. 10cm above
base of thick midden zone. Depth 25cm.
845 ± 125
1-5617. Shantok Cove, Feature 7
A.D. 1105
From lowest part of Feature 7, a pit, originating in mottled earth
"living floor" adjacent to shell midden. Floor depth 27cm, pit extended
down 27cm into sandy orange subsoil, containing ca. 1/4 ceramic vessel
previously unrecognized in this area. The new type, Shantok Cove Incised, has straight sides, interior brushing, exterior fabric-marking, and
incised decoration in geometric patterns. This type assoc. in midden with
James Buckley
290
Early Windsor pottery. Comment (B.S.): date may indicate that newtype pottery continued in use longer than others.
1190 ± 115
A.D. 760
1-5618. Shantok Cove, Fireplace A
From small hearth, marked by red burned sand in orange sand zone
directly below shell middcn, depth 27cm. No assoc. artifacts.
General Comment (B.S.): dates form consistent series of occupation of
oyster-shell midden zone, marked by presence of Levanna projectile
points, Early Windsor pottery types, and newly identified Shantok Cove
Incised pottery. First RC dates for Early Windsor complex of S Connecticut and Long Island.
Oahu Island series, Hawaii
Charcoal from 14.1km from S coast of Oahu I., Hawaii; upper section of Kamana-nui Valley, Moanalua. Valley runs N-S on S side of
island (Ayres, 1970). Coll. and subm. 1970 by W. S. Ayres, Bernice P.
Bishop Mus., Honolulu.
445 ± 90
A.D. 1505
1-5269. Site 50-OA-A7-41
From firepit, 22cm depth. Comment (W.S.A.): dates use of firepit
at time preceding construction of stone shrine. Shrine consisted of small
paved area with one upright stone.
<185
1-5270. Site 50-OA-A7-45
mixed
of
within
layer
charcoal
of
fragments
of
scattered
layer
From
clay and pebbly decomposing rock. Beneath superficial wall of low terrace, depth 20 to 40cm. Comment (W.S.A.): dates utilization of area for
swidden type agriculture before low terrace was built.
335 ± 90
A.D. 1615
I-5271. Site 50-OA-A7-66
From thin layer of charcoal and burned earth, 23cm depth. Comment (W.S.A.): date reflects use of firepit assoc. with walled house site.
410 ± 90
A.D. 1540
1-5272. Site 50-OA-A7-24
From firepit, 39cm depth near suspected floor level of house structure. Comment (W.S.A.): date within predicted age range for use of
low-walled house structure on terrace.
Henderson Island series, Hawaii
Charcoal from Henderson 1. (24° 25' S Lat, 128° 19' W Long),
Hawaii. Coll. 1970 and 1972; subm. 1972 by Y. H. Sinoto, Bernice P.
Bishop Mus., Honolulu, Hawaii.
495 ± 105
1455
A.D.
HENRC-6
I-6343.
From Test Pit 7, 18 to 21cm depth, top Layer II. Coll. 1970.
Isotopes' Radiocarbon Measurements X
291
790 ± 110
1-6344. HENRC-8
A.D. 1160
From 'l'est Pit 7, 50cm depth in Layer 111. Coll. 1972.
General Comment (Y.H.S.): 1st dates on Henderson site. Evidence of
Polynesian occupation prior to European discovery of island.
Loyola Retreat series, Maryland
Charcoal from Loyola Retreat oyster shell midden, Site 18CH58, on
bank of Potomac R. between mouth of Port Tobacco R. and Popes
Creek (38' 25' 02" N Lat, 77' 02' W Long), Charles Co., Maryland.
Coll. and subm. 1970 by W. M. Gardner and C. W. McNett, Jr., Catholic
Univ. America, Washington, D.C.
1135 ± 95
1-5246. Loyola I
A.D. 815
From lower portion of topmost of three cultural and natural levels.
Assoc. with heavily shell-tempered pottery referred to as Mockley ware
by R. L. Stephensen (1963).
2440 ± 95
1-5247. Loyola II
490 B.c.
From middle of 2nd cultural and natural level. Assoc. with sand
and grit-tempered, thick net-marked pottery called Popes Creek by W. H.
Holmes (1903).
5730 ± 110
1-5524. McCulley site, New York
3780 B.C.
Charcoal from McCulley site on Charlotte Creek (42° 27' 31" N Lat,
7-1° 53' 15" 1'V Long), Davenport Twsp., Delaware Co., New York. Coinbined charcoal from 2 adjoining features in thin Archaic living floor,
buried in alluvial silt below plow line. Assoc. artifacts included Otter
Creek type points, end scrapers, net sinkers, hammerstones and pitted
stones. Coll. 1970 by H. Hoagland and R. E. Funk; subm. 1971 by R. E.
Funk, New York State Mus. and Sci. Service. Comment (R.E.F.): (late
close to age anticipated for Otter Creek Points on basis of stratigraphic
data (Funk, 1965).
11,880 ± 250
1-5987. Stalag 17, Dry Cave, New Mexico
9930 B.c.
Charcoal from Stalag 17, Dry Cave, (32° 22' 25" N Lat, 104° 28'
55" NV Long), SE 1/4 Sec. 22, T.22S, RAE, NMPM, SE New Mexico.
From flecks gathered ca. 3.8 to 4.0m below surface of entrance deposits.
Coll. and subm. 1971 by A. H. Harris. Comment (A.H.H.): assoc. with
limb elements of Camelors (Harris, 1970).
B. Canada
880 ± 130
1-4973. Narrows site (KeNo-2), Canada
A.D. 1070
Bone collagen from E end Great Slave Lake, N.W.T. (62° 47" N
Lat, 108° 56' W Long) Canada. From buried hearth, 35cm depth, in 2nd
highest terrace on old delta formation. Cultural zones lie 8m above
292
James Buci ley
present level of Great Slave Lake. Coll. and subm. 1969 by W. C. Noble,
Dept. Anthropol., McMaster Univ., Hamilton, Ontario. Comment
(W.C.N.): Narrows site is middle period component of Taltbeilei Shale
tradition, which terminates with historic Yellowknife Indians. Date complements GAK-1258, A.D. 940 (unpub.)
1565 ± 90
A.D.385
1-5821.
Charcoal from N shore McLeod Bay (62° 56' 15" N Lat, 110° 35' W
Long), NE Great Slave Lake, W shore of entrance of Waldon R., Canada.
From buried hearth, depth 13cm from rock hollow of Area A. Coll.
1968 and snbm. 1971 by W. C. Noble. Comment (W.C.N.): assoc. artifacts of Waldon R. complex of Taltbeilei Shale tradition (Noble, 1971b).
Waldon River (KfNt), Canada
740±160
A.D. 1210
1.5822. Taltheilei Point (K(INw-2), Canada
Charred spruce twigs and charcoal from point jutting from bay
forming NW short of Talheilei Narrows (62° 35' 45" N Lat, 111° 32'
W Long), F Great Slave Lake, Canada. Depth 13cm on Beach 14, in
series of 14 former beach terraces rising above lake. Area disturbed by
erection of former Geol. Survey Canada cabins. Coll. 1968 and subm.
1971 by W. C. Noble. Comment (W.C.N.): much charcoal suggests forest
fire rather than hearth burning. Surrounding artifacts are typologically
earlier, belonging to Waldron R. complex of Taltheilei Shale tradition
(Noble, 1971b).
790 ± 120
1160
A.D.
Canada
(K(INw-4),
1-5823. Pethei Peninsula
Charcoal and burnt twigs from 1.3m diam. hollow, 17 to 20m above
lake level on N side of rock butte of Pethei (Owl) Peninsula (62° 36'
N Lat, 111' 31' W Long), diagonally across Taltheilei Narrows, E Slave
Lake, Canada. Coll. 1968 and subm. 1971 by W. C. Noble. Comment
(W.C.N.): dates former forest fire, date in close accord with 1-5822 (this
list) from Taltheilei Point (Noble, 1971b).
410±90
A.D. 1540
1-6514. Cleveland site (AhHh-7), Canada
Charcoal from Cleveland site (43° 12' 30" N Lat, 800 12' 45" W
Long), 4 acre village, overlooking Fairchild Creek, Lot 46, Con. 1 of
Brantford Twp., Brant Co., Ontario, Canada. From Pit 14 within longhouse in Area E, at 23cm depth. Coll. 1971 and subm. 1972 by W. C.
Noble. Comment (W.C.N.): first RC date of Neutral Iroquois village in
SW Ontario, presence of small iron bar celt and 4 brass beads place it
within early protohistoric period (Noble, 1971a).
Isotopes' Radiocarbon Measurements X
C.
293
Central and South America
720 ± 130
1-6107. Maya Codex
A.D. 1230
Bark paper from several unpainted pages attached to a Maya codex
of unknown provenience. Coll. and subm. 1971 by M. D. Coe, Yale
highest terrace on old delta formation. Cultural zones lies 8m above
Univ., New Haven, Conn. Comment (M.D.C.): codex consists of 11
pp. of a Venus calendar which originally had 20 pp. Date congruent
with painting style of codex, which is Post-Classic Maya with strong
Mixtec influence. Style of clay glyphs suggests it can be chronologically
placed between Dresden codex and the Madrid codex, a 13th century
date is ]bighly probable. The manuscript provides new data about the
gods presiding over different parts of the Venus cycle. Radiocarbon (late
confirms its authenticity as 4th Maya codex to survive from pre-Spanish
t i
nies.
Tlapaeoya series, Mexico
Charcoal from Zohapilco (19° 17' 55" N Lat, 98° 54' 34" W Long),
Tlapacoya, Mexico. Coll. 1969 C. 11. Niederbcrger; subm. 1970 by J. L.
Lorenzo, Inst. Nac. ;Antropol. Historia, Moneda, Mexico.
2595 ± 100
1-5241. Tlapacoya IV, A-14, VIII)
645 B.c.
From lakeside part of Zohapilco trench (Pit A-4), uppermost layer of
clay and organic material, (Gen. Layer 7), below sandy lenses (Gen.
Layers 5 and 6) (Niederberger, 1969).
2990 ± 100
1-5242. Tlapacoya IV, AA-25, VIIII)
1040 B. c.
From hillside part of Zohaplico trench in lower middle part of thick
sediment of sand with numerous stones of andesite (Gen. Layers 8 and 9).
3005 ± 100
Tlapacoya IV, AA-25, VI)
1055 B.C.
From hillside Zohaplico trench (Pit AA-25) with layer of sandy textured sediment (Gen. Layer 5) and clay lenses.
General Conement (J.L.L.): dates for 1-5241 and 1-5242 agree well with
relative position of sediment witliin stratigraphic sequence and with
cultural context. 1-5243 is too old, does not fit sequence.
Casita de Piedra series, Panama
Charcoal from Casita de Piedra site, close to confluence of Rio
Casita de Piedra and Rio Chiriqui (8° 47' N Lat, 82° 17' W Long),
alt. 700m, Dist. Boquete, Prov. Chiriqui, Panama (de Sapir and Ranere,
I-5243.
1971).
6560 ± 120
I-6278. #119
4610 B.C.
From lowest stratum which contained evidence of human occupation, Layer G, 130 to 140cm depth. Charcoal was scattered throughout
294
James Bnckley
occupation layer and not from an identifiable hearth. Coll. 1971 and
subm. 1972 by A. J. Ranere, Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst.,
Balboa, Canal Zone. Comment (A.J.R.): dates earliest preceramic occupation.
5795 ± 105
3845 B.C.
1-5765. #115
From base of Layer L, 100 to 110cm depth. Charcoal scattered in
1 x lm excavation unit (Block 6) in level 10cm thick. Coll. 1971 and
subm. 1972 by A. J. Ranere. Comment (A.J.R.): dates 2nd preceramic
occupation.
5680 ± 105
3730 B.C.
1-5764. #107 and 114 combined
From lowest stratum which contained evidence of human occupation, Layer G, 130 to 160cm depth, Block 5 (1 x 2m). Charcoal scattered
throughout excavation unit was combined with charcoal from pit which
appeared to originate in Layer G and extend below it. Coll. and subm.
1971 by A. J. Ranere. Comment (A.J.R.): date in closer agreement with
date for Layer L (1-5675, this list) indicating that pit originated from
Layer L instead of Layer G.
D. Ireland
5250 ± 110
3300 B.C.
1-5067. Sutton Kitchen-midden, Co. Dublin
Charcoal from hearth in shell-midden at ca. 6m, Burrow Townland
(53° 23' N Lat, 6° 5' 1-V Long), Sutton, Co. Dublin, Ireland. Coll. and
subm. 1970 by G. F. Mitchell, School Bot., Trinity College, Dublin.
Continent (G.F.M.): midden contained both implements of Mesolithic
type and Neolithic polished stone axes (Mitchell, 1956). Midden lay on
shore storm beach, presumably thrown up at maximum of postglacial
marine transgression.
Cushendun series, Antrim, Ireland
Charcoal and peat from Cushendun arcbaeol. site (55° 8' N Lat,
6° 2' W Long), mouth of Dun R., Cusi,encun, Co. Antrim, Ireland. Coll.
1934 by K. Jessen
and H. L. Movies; subm. 1970 by G. F. Mitchell.
7670 ± 140
1-5134. Cushendun charcoal
5720 B.C.
Charcoal with bone and vegetable debris embedded in brackish water
sandy estuarine silt at 2.40m in beach bar; silt below charcoal horizon
contained Mesolithic flint implements (Mitchell, 1955). Comment
(G.F.M.): date corresponds with another Mesolithic site at Toome Bay,
Co. Londonderry, on shore of Lough Neagh, 50km SW Cushendun. Here
charcoal with assoc. Mesolithic implements in a mud that accumulated in
Boreal period, Pollen Zone Vlb, had C" age of 7680 ± 110 yr e.e. (Y-95).
Isotopes' Radiocarbon Measurements X
I-5135.
Cushendun peat
295
8410 ± 140
6460 B.C.
Phr-agrimites peat at 2.15m lies below beach bar of estuarine silt and
gravel built up to 11.50m; silt and gravel contains Mesolithic flint implements (Movius, 1940; lessen, 1949). Comment (G.F.M.): date indicates
that peat formed in fresh water in Boreal period, Pollen Zone Vib, before postglacial marine transgression flooded valley.
5470 ± 110
1-5323. Rockmarshall Midden 3, Co. Louth
3520 B.c.
Charcoal from hearth in shell midden, Rockmarshall Townland
(54° 0' N Lat, 6° 15' W Long), near Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland.
Assoc. with Mesolithic implements, midden on top of low morainic ridge
which formed part of shoreline at maximum of postglacial marine transgression (Mitchell, 1949). Coll. and subm. 1970 by G. F. Mitchell. Comment (G.F.M.): early Mesolithic material in NE Ireland is dated to ca.
5700 ii.c. (Y-95; 1-5134, this list), Mesolithic material on Leinster coast
is later (D-38; 1-5067, this list).
Ein Aqev series, Israel
E. Israel
Charcoal from 150nr N of spring at Fin Aqev in branch wadi S
of main Nahal Zin (30° 49' 02" N Lat, 34° 48' 39" E Long), Israel. Coll.
1970 and subm. 1971 by A. E. Marks, Dept. Anthropol., Southern Methodist Univ., Dallas, Texas.
1-5494. E 22 D31/A
From hearths 15 to 20cm below surface.
16,900 ± 250
14,950n.c.
17,510 ± 290
1-5495. E 22 D31/B
15,560 B. c.
From 20 to 30cm below surface.
General Comment (A.E.M.): site contains Lcvantine-Aurignacian artifacts and dates indicate terminal phase of this culture in Central Negev.
13,090 ± 200
1-5496. E 22 G7/C Nahal Horesha, Israel
11,140B.c.
Charcoal from E edge of Nahal Horesha (30° 30' 50" N Lat, 34° 34'
40" E Long), E of Har Harif, Israel. From small pockets of midden
deposit 25 to 40cm depth. Assoc. with lithic materials of Natufian affinity.
Coll. 1970 and subm. 1971 by A. E. Marks.
Har Harif Plateau series, Israel
Charcoal from E edge Har Harif Plateau, central Negev (30° 31'
32" N Lat, 34° 33' 08" E Long), Israel. Alt. 1000m. Coll. 1970 and
subm. 1971 by A. E. Marks.
James Buckley
296
9970 ± 150
8020 B.c.
1-5498. E 22 G12/E
From 15 to 25cm below surface of midden deposit at Abu Salem site.
1-5499. E 22 G12/F
From 25 to 30cm below surface of midden deposit.
1-5500.
10,230 ± 150
8280 B.C.
10,230 ± 150
8280 B.C.
E 22 G12/G
From 45 to 55cm below surface of midden deposit. Assoc. artifacts:
ground stone, faunal remains, and small village with oval stone walls
(Marks, in press). Lob. Comment: humic acid pretreatment abbreviated
due to sample solubility and size.
Midrasha Sde Boker series, Israel
Charcoal from S and SE of Midrasha Sde Boker, Israel. Coll. 1970
and subm. 1971 by A. E. Marks.
8620 ± 140
6670 B.C.
22D1/H
E
1-5501.
30" N Lat,
50'
(300
Nahal
Zin
of
bed
From S edge of present stream
surface at
63cm
below
60
to
lens
charcoal
From
E
Long).
47'
13"
34°
base of fire pit. Assoc. with points, burins, denticulates, and faunal remains. Comment (A.E.M.): date disagrees with Tx-1123, 6220 ± 180
(unpub.) but correlates with other dates from similar assemblages.
13,170 ± 230
11,220 B.C.
1-5497. E 22D5/D
From remnant 20m above N edge of present stream bed of Nahal
Zin (30° 50' 29" N Lat, 24° 46' 36" E Long). Scattered small pieces of
charcoal recovered over 5 sq.m. Assoc. with Kebaran assemblage of geometric type and small faunal remains (Marks, in press). Comment
(A.E.M.): date suggests temporal overlap between Natufian-like assemblages and late Kebaran. Another small sample from same site dated
13,870 ± 1730 (Tx-1121, unpub.)
F. India
2570 ± 85
Sonkh excavation, Painted Grey
620 B.C.
Ware-level, India
Charcoal from Sonkh, Mathura list. (77' 22' N Lat, 27° 26' E Long)
India. From Level 35, Sq. So 3 I 11, 50. Representing Painted Grey
Ware-level (Hartel, 1968; 1969; 1970). Coll. 1971 and subm. 1972 by
H. Hartel, Mus. Indische Kunst, Berlin, Germany. Comment (H.H.):
1-6277.
(late fits archaeologic results.
IsotoJ)es' Radiocarbon Measurements X
297
RFFIRF:NCFS
Ackerman, R. E., 1971, Archaeol. of the Glacier Bay Region,
Anthropol., Washington State Univ., rept. no. 44, p. 55-84. SE Alaska: Lab.
Armstrong. J. E., Crandell, I). R., Easterbrook, I).
J., and Noble,
B., 1965, Late
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Ayres, W. S., 1970, Archacol. survey and excavations: Kamana-nui
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Bernice P. Bishop Mus., Honolulu.
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Colinvaux, P. A., 1968, Reconnaissance and chemistry of the lakes
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Galapagos Islands: Nature, v. 219, p. 590-594.
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[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 15,
No. 2, 1973, P. 299-302]
INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES
RADIOCARBON DATES IV
E. WELIN, L. ENGSTRAND, and S. VACZY
Radioactive Dating Laboratory, S-10405, Stockholm 50, Sweden*
This elate list was compiled by the Institute of Geological Sciences
(U.K.) incorporating data supplied under contract by E. Welin, Radioactive Dating Laboratory, Stockholm. Unless otherwise stated, age figures
are in C14 years before A.n. 1950. The half-life of C14 is taken as 5568
years and the error, based on counting statistics of sample, background,
and modern, is given as one standard deviation. Correction for C'3/C'2
fractionation has not been made.
Great Harrowden series, Northamptonshire
Peat and organic soil from alluvium at Great Harrowden, Northamptonnsh ire (52° 22' N Lat, 0° 35' W Long, Grid Ref. SP 875 695).
Coll. 1970 and snbm. by R. J. Chandler, Imperial College, London.
IGS-C14/69.
11,980 ± 145
10,030B.c.
(St 3685)
Alluvial sequence consisting of thin basal clayey gravel overlain by
fin bed gray organic silt with a peat layer, tufa, and calcareous sand.
Sample from peat in upper part of organic silt bed some 2m below
ground level.
IGS-014/70.
9435 ± 610
7485 11.c.
(St 3695)
Organic soil from top of organic silt bed, some 1.5m below ground
level.
IGS-C14/71.
(St 3694) Prah Sands, Cornwall
1805 ± 100
145
A.D.
Peat exposed on foreshore at mean high water mark (50° 06' N Lat,
5° 23' W Long, Grid Ref. SW 578 280). Coll. 1970 and subm. by R. T.
Taylor, Inst. Geol. Sci. Peat from layer 0.20 to 0.30m thick overlain by
blown sand and resting on 0.30 to 0.50m dark brown sandy loam with
plant fragments and scattered, small, well-rounded, quartz and country
rock pebbles. Loam rests on head (solifluxion deposits) of unknown thickness. Peat horizon appears to have formerly extended below O.D. but
has been removed by marine erosion. Comment (R.T.T.): dates peat
younger than submerged forest horizons of Cornwall and Devon coasts
(Welin, Engstrand, and Waczy, 1972, p. 331). An older peat horizon
described by Reid and Reid (1904) from beneath the head at this locality
is no longer exposed.
* Published
by permission of the Director, Institute of Geological Sciences, Exhibition Road, London SW7. The Institute is a contracting agency, not a dating laboratory, yet IGS at London is the "author" when needed for inter-laboratory communication.
299
E. Welin, L. Engstrand, and S. Paczy
300
IGS-C14/72.
(St 3692) Portmellon, Cornwall
2345 ± 100
395 B.C.
Peat from depth 1.5m (0.3m below O.D.) in borehole (50° 16' N
Lat, 4° 47' W Long, Grid Ref. SX 0160 4395). Coll. 1970 and subm.
by E. C. Freshney, Inst. Geol. Sci. Comment (E.C.F.): peat forms part
of infilling of one of drowned river mouths, common along S coasts of
Devon and Cornwall. Probably related to other similar deposits around
coast of SW England, e.g., Prah Sands in Cornwall.
Dunston Common series, Norfolk
Samples from borehole on Dunston Common near Norwich, Norfolk
(52° 35' N Lat, 1° 17' E Long, Grid Ref. TG 2270 0267). Borehole
proved 4.9m gravel deposited by R. Tas, overlying grayish-blue, lignitic,
laminated clay, proved to depth 16.5m without reaching base. Coll. 1969
by A. R. Clayton and subni. by E. F. P. Nickless, Inst. Geol. Sci.
IGS-C14/73.
(St. 3681)
>40,000
Bulk sample of lignitic clay from 8.5m below terrace gravel.
IGS-C14/74.
(St 3683)
>40,000
Bulk sample of lignitic clay from 11.6rn below terrace gravel.
General Comment (E.F.P.N.): glaciation that deposited Chalky Boulder
Clay in Norwich area was assigned by West (1963) to Anglian, by Straw
(1965) to Wolstonian, and by Woodland (1970) to Devensian. The R. Tas
dissects Chalky Boulder Clay and glacial sand and gravel. Laminated
deposits containing Hoxnian flora (L. Phillips and R. G. West, pers.
commun.) underlie river gravel at 4 sites in Norwich area (Cox and
Nickless, 1972) of which Dunston Common is one. Mapping and evidence from other boreholes indicate that interglacial deposits rest on
Chalky Boulder Clay.
Spalding series
Peat and marine shells from Flandrian sequence of the Fens at
Spalding, Lincolnshire. Samples were obtained from site-investigation
boreholes drilled along line of proposed A16 Spalding By-pass. Coll. 1969
and subm. by A. Horton, Inst. Geol. Sci.
6240 ± 120
4290B.c.
IGS-C14/75. (St 3684)
Peat from depth 11.50 to 11.95m in Borehole A16-8 (52° 48' N Lat,
0° 8' W Long, Grid Ref. TF 2649 2324).
IGS-C14/76.
(St 3682)
6220 ± 120
4270 B.C.
Silty peat from depth 10.10m in Borehole A16-11 (52° 48' N Lat,
0° 8' W Long, Grid Ref. TF 2527 2675).
Institute of Geological Sciences Radiocarbon Dates IV
301
1915 ± 100
A.v.35
Valves of pelecypod ([llacomna balthica) from sand at depth 6.0 to
6.4m in Borehole A16-14 (52° 52' N Lat, 0° 9' W Long, Grid Ref. TF
IGS-C14/77.
(St 3659)
2478 3096).
IGS-C14/78.
(St 3660 and 3664)
Outer 1615 ± 100
A.D.335
Inner 1555 ± 100
A.D.
395
Valves of pelecypod (Ce)-astodernnc ednle) from sand at depth 6.0 to
6.4n1 in Borehole A16-14 (52° 52' N Lat, 0° 9' W Long, Grid Ref. TF
2478 3096).
West Bromwich series
Peat from deposit exposed in temporary excavation adjacent to
1\16 Motorway, N of Newton Lane, West Bromwich, Birmingham. Peat
floors small tributary valley of R. Tanie and rests upon glacial gravels
(52° 32' N Lat, 1° 58' W Long, Grid Ref. SP 0213 9333). Coll. 1969
by A. Horton and P. J. Osborne, and subm. by A. Horton.
IGS-014/79.
(St 3686)
10,025 ± 100
8075 B.C.
Peat, 0.41 to 0.51m above base of peat.
IGS-014/80.
Peat,
0.91111
(St 3698)
9640 ± 100
7690 B.C.
above base of peat.
IGS-014/81.
(St 3697)
9305 ± 110
7355 B.c.
Peat, 0.97ni above base of peat.
IGS-C14/82.
(St 3693)
9540 ± 100
7590B.c.
Peat, 1.14m above base of peat.
IGS-C14/83.
(St 3688)
9080 ± 455
7130 B.c.
Peat, 1.22 to 1.32m above base of peat.
General Coninrent (A.H.): results confirm that deposit forms part of
early Flandrian peat sequence representing a continuous period of peat
accumulation. Previous results were obtained from base of peat and
from 0.51 to 0.61m above base (Welin, Engstrand, and Vaczy, 1971, p.
28). There is no evidence that contamination or sampling error affected
results for the 2 samples, IGS-C14/81 and /82.
Empingham series, Rutland
Samples from alluvial deposit of R. Gwash (52° 38' N Lat, 0° 31'
W Long, Grid Ref. SR 9441 0790). Coll. 1971 by P. Horswill and subm.
by R. J. Chandler, Imperial College, London.
E. Welin, L. Engstrand, and S. Vaczy
302
IGS-C14/84. (St 3689)
Wood from depth 2.4m in alluvium.
IGS-C14/85. (St 3757)
Bone (bos) from depth 3.0m in alluvium.
1470 ± 100
A.D.480
2945:t240
995B.c.
3685 ± 100
(St 3687) Telford, Shropshire
1735 B.C.
clay,
lacustrine
postglacial
in
horizontally
lying
tree
from
pine
Wood
from sewer tunnel at Tweedale, Telford (52° 38' N Lat, 2° 28' W Long,
Grid Ref. SJ 6985 0497), 5.2m below original ground level (i.e., base
of a colliery tip). Coll. 1970 and subm. by R. J. O. Hamblin, Inst. Geol.
Sci. Comment (R.J.O.H.): lacustrine clay overlies undated, but probably
late glacial gravel, and proves considerable development of postglacial
deposits in Tweedale Valley.
IGS-C14/86.
Rrri:RFNCrs
Cox, E. C. and Nickless, E. P. P., 1972, Some aspects of the glacial history of central
Norfolk: Great Britain Geol. Survey Bull., No. 42, p. 79-98.
Reid, C. and Reid, E. M., 1901, On a probable Palaeolithic floor at Prah Sands,
Cornwall: Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 60, p. 106-112.
Straw, A., 1965, A reassessment of the Chalky Boulder Clay or manly drift of North
Norfolk: Zeitschr. Gcomorph., v. 9, p. 209-222.
Welin, E., Engstrand, I.., and Vaczy, S., 1971, Institute of Geological Sciences radiocarbon dates I: Radiocarbon, v. 13, p. 26-28.
1972, Institute of Geological Sciences radiocarbon dates III: Radiocarbon,
v. 14, p. 331-335.
West, R. G., 1963, Problems of the British Quaternary: Geol. Assoc. Proc., v. 74, p.
147-186.
Woodland, A. W., 1970, The buried tunnel-valleys of East Anglia: Yorkshire Gcol.
Soc. Proc., v. 37, p. 521-578.
[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 15,
No. 2, 1973, P. 303-306]
INSTITUT ROYAL DU PATRIMOINE ARTISTIQUE
RADIOCARBON DATES IV
M. DAUCHOT-DEHON and J. HEYLEN
Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique, Brussels, Belgium
This list includes the results of datings made during 1970-71. The
methods of measurements are the same as described in R., 1971,
v. 13,
p. 29-31.
SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS
1.
GEOLOGIC SAMPLES
1195 ± 75
IRPA-97 I. Heusden-Gent
A.D. 755
Peat from Hcusden-Gent, E Flanders, Belgium (511 2' 30" N Lat,
3° 45' 30" E Long), at 41n alt. Coll. 1970 by C. Verbruggen, Univ. Client,
Belgium. No NaOH pretreatment.
1585 ± 80
IRPA-97 II. Uitbergen
A.D. 365
Peat from Uitbergen, E Flanders, Belgium (51) 0' 40" N Lat, 31°
57' 48" E Lou-,-), at 3.5m alt. Coll. 1970 by C. Verbruggen. No NaOH
pretreatment.
General Comment (C.V.): control of palynologic dates, used for study
of Sub-Boreal-Sub-Atlantic peat formation.
23,780 ± 535
IRPA-108. Lubefu
21,830 B.C.
Clay with small pieces of plant material, from Lubefu valley, Zaire
(4° 35' S Lat, 24° 15' E Long). Coll. 1941 by P. Snock and subm. 1970
by J. Lepersonne, Mus. royal de 1'Afrique centrale, Tervuren, Belgium.
Continent (J.L.): date resolves interesting geologic and stratigraphic
problem for prehistorians.
1600 ± 90
IRPA-122. Villa Angostura
A.D. 350
Charcoal from Villa Angostura, Neuquen, Argentina (40° 39' 40" S
Lat, 71' 42' 40" W Long), at 950m alt., in volcanic ash. Coll. 1968 by
H. Laya and subm. 1970 by W. DeBreuck, Lab. Geol., Univ. Ghent,
Belgium.
IRPA-123.
25,320 ± 570
23,370 B.c.
Puerto Varas
Charcoal from Puerto Varas, Llanquihue, Chili (41° 19' S Lat,
Langohr
731 01' W Long), at 50m alt., in volcanic ash. Coll. 1970 by R.
and subm. 1970 by W. DeBreuck.
24,830 ± 560
IRPA-124. Puerto Varas
22,880 B.C.
Wood from Puerto Varas, Llanquihue, Chili (41° 19' S Lat, 730 OF
W Long), at 50m alt. Coll. 1970 by R. Langohr and subm. 1970 by
W. DeBreuck.
303
304
M. Danch.ot-Dehon and J. Hcylen
General Comment (W.DeB.): dates are very interesting because there
are no geologic data about these countries; dates used for study of last
ice period and volcanic ash.
II. WATER SAMPLE
This laboratory has begun dating water samples. Our method is
based on those used in other laboratories (Broecker, 1959; Berger, 1965).
CO. is extracted from water in a continuous flow extraction apparatus
that consists of a 5-necked flask of 3 L. In the 1st is placed a heat exchanger, in the 2nd a funnel with concentrated sulfuric acid, in the 3rd
a thermometer, in the 4th is introduced a stream of carrier gas N_, CO2
is removed through the 5th. The flask is heated in an electric muffle
oven to ca. 80° to 90°C. Water in the tank is forced into the flask in
continuous flow through Ni,. over-pressure; the waste water is run through
the heat exchanger, against incoming water, preheating it and is removed by a peristaltic pump. The rate of peristaltic pumping and the
pressure of N.. in the tank are regulated so that water level in the flask
is always the same. Water is acidified in the flask, at a PH between I
and 3 (Thymol Blue indicator). CO2 is removed with the stream of
carrier gas N, in 2 bubblers with silver nitrate and then in 2 with
sulfochromic acid. The recovery of CO, is ca. 90%. Purified CO, is
transformed to methane and counted. All CO, is removed from 50 L
water after 4 hr. Water quantity is variable and depends on CO, present.
In our case 50 L was enough.
4125 ¢ 125
2170 B.C.
IRPA-30. Vlissegem
Ground water from Vlissegem, W Flanders, Belgium (51° 14' 23
N Lat, 3° 07' 03" E Long). Coll. 1972 by W. DeBreuck.
III. ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES
11,350 ± 340
9400 B.C.
IRPA-92. Buvuma
Charcoal from Buvuma I., Uganda (0° 15' N Lat, 33° 20' W Long),
at 1162m alt. and 0.80 to 0.90m depth. Coll. 1968 and subm. 1970 by
F. Van Noten, Mus. royal de l'Afrique centrale, Tervuren, Belgium.
Comment (F.V.N.): sample from cave 28.5m above level of Lake Victoria
at SW end of Buvuma I. At depth ca. 0.50m, uncontaminated Late
Stone age artifacts (made of white vein quartz) were found. The excavation was carried out in spits of 0.10m; radiocarbon samples could be
taken from each spit. Confirms dates of Groningen lab.
Meer series
Two pieces of charcoal from Upper Paleolithic (Tjongerian) site,
near Meer, prov. Antwerp, Belgium (51° 27' N Lat, 4° 45' E Long). Coll.
1968 and subm. 1970 by F. Van Noten (1967).
In.stitut Royal Du Patrimoine Artistigrte Radiocarbon Dales IV
305
7080:t290
IRPA-93 I.
Meer
11-2
5130 B.C.
8025 ± 315
IRPA-93 II. Meer 11-3
6075 B.C.
General Comment: dates are much younger than archaeologic sites but
confirm dates of Groningen lab. (GrN-4960, -4961, -5706).
IRPA-106II.
760 ± 40
Kamoa
A.D.119O
Charcoal from Kamoa, Katanga, Zaire (10° 24' 54" S Lat, 25° 9'
19" E Long), at 1030m alt. Coll. 1970 by D. Cahen, MMus. royal de
1'Afrique centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. Comment (D.C.): sample from
Iron age oven (underlayer). Archaeol. date: 5th to 15th centuries.
Pessinus series
Samples from Roman excavations at Pessinus, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Coll. 1970-71 by G. Stoops, Geol. Inst., Univ. Ghent, Belgium.
Group I
Calcareous rock from Istikhal Bage near Ballihisar (39° 24' N Lat,
21° 26' E Long). Samples from stratified deposit in water channel; 3 from
lower part, 1 from upper. Pretreatment with HCl 1% until 40/' weight
loss.
IRPA-121.
From 0 to 5nun depth, measured upward.
2105 ± 110
155 B.C.
1920 ± 100
IRPA-120.
From 5 to 17mm depth, measured upward.
A.D. 30
IRPA-119.
A.D.
1790 ± 95
160
From 17 to 39mm depth, measured upward.
2075 ± 105
IRPA-118.
125 B.C.
From 2 to 7mm depth, measured downward. The 1st mm was removed to avoid contamination by algae. Date is too old but contamination by granite and marble is possible.
Group II
Charcoal from Ballihisar (39° 22' N Lat, 31° 38' E Long). Samples
from foundation of Roman temple.
306
Al. Dartchot-Dehon
and J. Heylen
1730 ± 120
220
IRPA-126.
upper
Because
plaster.
tiles
and
Charcoal from a fire near burned
is
possible.
roots
contamination
by
origin,
layer of fire has a colluvial
2170 ± 110
95 n.c.
IRPA-127.
Charcoal from calcareous ground between AV wall tower and temple
foundations. No contamination.
A.D.
General Comment: results of
2
groups are used to date Pessinus sites.
RrFFR eNCLS
Berger, Rainer, Ecrgusson, G. J., and Libby, W. F., 1965, UCLA radiocarbon dates
IV: Radiocarbon, v. 7, p. 337-371.
Broecker, IV. S., Tucek, G. S., and Olson, E. A., 1959, Radiocarbon analysis of oceanic
CO2,: Internatl. Jour. Appl. Radiocarbon and Isotopes, v. 7, p. 1-18.
Dauchot-Dehon, M. and lleylen, J., 1971, lnstitut royal du Patrimoine artistique
radiocarbon dates 11: Radiocarbon, v. 13, p. 23-31.
Van Noten, F., 1967, Een Tjongervindplaats to Meer: Archaeol. Belgica (Brussels),
v. 98, p. 5-25.
Vogel, J. C. and Waterbolk, I-L T., 1972, Croningen radiocarbon dates X: Radiocarbon,
v. 14, p. 6-110.
[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 15,
No. 2, 1973, P. 307-3`20]
INSTITUTO VENEZOLANO DE INVESTIGACIONES
CIENTIFICAS NATURAL RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS VII
M. A. TAMERS
Department of Chemistry, Instituto Venezolano de
Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela
The samples reported in this date list were processed during 1970.
After preliminary sample treatments including carbonates and rootlet
removal, a complete benzene synthesis was made. This liquid serves
as the solvent in a liquid scintillation spectrometer, using a modified
4cc counting vessel; 2.42g of carbon are counted with a 64°(, efficiency.
The background is constant at 6.8 cpm.
Ages are calculated for a C14 half-life of 5568 years, using 95% of
the activity of the NBS oxalic acid as the modern reference and commercial petroleum-derived benzene for background determinations. Errors
are the standard deviations based on the random nature of the radioactive disintegration process. The reference year n.u. 1950 is in "Before
Present" ages.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
V. Garcia and F. Machado are responsible for chemical treatment
and A. Russo for electronic maintenance. J. M. Cruxent, Chairman,
Anthropol. Dept. and G. Chuchani, Chairman, Chem. Dept., support the
laboratory.
SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS
1.
GROUND WATER SAMPLES
These samples represent the continuation of the annual sampling
of deep ground wells S of Maracaibo. This deposit is fossil (Tamers,
1967), but represents the only source of fresh water for the urban center.
Radiocarbon dates were run in order to verify that the brackish waters
of the Lake of iMaracaibo have not begun to infiltrate the major portion of the aquifer. Samples consist of total extracted carbonates. Coll.
and subm. by members of Radiocarbon Lab., I.V.I.C.
Maracaibo Wells
IVIC-836.
Campo
(10° 33'
IVIC-837.
Campo
(10° 32'
IVIC-838.
Campo
(10° 30'
IVIC-839.
Campo
(10° 30'
Collection
(clay/month /yr)
1, Pozo 28
2/9//70
N Lat, 71° 42.5' W Long)
1, Pozo 23
2/9/70
N Lat, 71' 43' W Long)
2, Pozo 2
2/9/70
N Lat, 71° 48' W Long)
2, Pozo 6
2/9/70
N Lat, 71° 48' W Long)
307
C14
(% of modern)
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
308
M. A.
Tamers-Instituto Venezolano de Inr estigaciones
Collection
(day/month /yr)
IVIC-840.
3, Pozo 1
2/9/70
(10° 30' N Lat, 71° 43' W Long)
Campo
C'1
(oa of modern)
-t 0.45
-L 0.3
La Canada
2/9/70
(10° 25' N Lat, 71° 41' W Long)
Comment: the main municipal wells still show no indication of modern
water infiltration. Radiocarbon content is essentially the same as in 1966
when the sampling was initiated. The La Canada radiocarbon concentration is significantly higher in recent years, but seems to be clue to an
infiltration of slightly younger water from inland deposits rather than
lake infiltration.
IVIC-841.
11.
ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES
A. Venezuela
1660 ± 70
A.D. 290
IVIC-777. El Cuartel
Charcoal, S-1, near naval base of Carupano, Venezuela (10° 4' N
Lat, 63° 45' W Long), from Cuts 7 and 9, Level 7, 120 to 140cm below
surface. Assoc. with pottery and lithic artifacts, related to Ronquin style
of Lower Orinoco. Coll. 1969 and subm. by M. Sanoja, Univ. Central de
Venezuela, Caracas. Estimated age: A.D. 200 to 200 B.C. Comment (M.S.):
elate correlates well with others obtained by Rouse and Cruxent (1963)
for similar sites near Carupano, suggesting that by that time the area
was intensively occupied by it homogeneous aboriginal population.
670 ± 70
A.D. 1280
IVIC-778. El Guamo
Charcoal and wood, T-1, from bank of Zulia R., near Orope Cano,
state of Tiichira, Venezuela (8° 24' N Lat, 72° 36' W Long). From Cut
3, Sec. D, Level 6, 100 to 120cm below surface. Coll. March 1967 and
subm. by M. Sanoja. Assoc. with pottery, textile-impressed sherds, and
lithic artifacts. Sample should be after Cano Grande period and beginning of red/white painted and incised pottery of the SW bank of
Lake Maracaibo. Estimated age A.D. 600 to 1000. Comment (M.S.): according to series for SW coast of Lake Maracaibo, date is acceptable.
>34,550
IVIC-779. Cano Grande
Amorphous material (asphalt ?), Z-5, with high carbon content,
from Cano Grande, near village of Encontrados, state of Zulia, Venezuela
(9° 2' N Lat, 72° 46' W Long). From Cut 2, Level 6, 100 to 120cm below
surface. Assoc. with pottery, lithic artifacts, and bones. Site appears to
represent one of most ancient of SW coast of Lake Maracaibo. Coll.
1968 and subm. by M. Sanoja. Estimated age: A.D. 400 to 600. Comment
(M.S.): obviously, date does not belong to Cano Grande phase cultural
context and should be discarded.
Cienti/icas A'atural Radiocarbon Measurements VII
309
900 ± 70
IVIC-780. El Danto
A.D. 1050
Charcoal, Z-23, from El Danto Cano, 8 to I0km from Escalante R.,
Bolivar Dist., state of Zulia, Venezuela (8° 24' N Lat, 72° 36' W Long).
Front Cut 1, Level 4, 60 to 80cni below surface. Assoc. with pottery,
lithic artifacts, animal bones and terrestrial snail shells. Many characteristics of pottery here also occur in that of El Guamo and other sites of
SWV and NW coasts of Lake Maracaibo. Coll. 1970 and
subm. by M.
Sanoja. Estimated date: A.D. 400 to 1000. Comment (M.S.): according to
series for archaeologic sites of area, (late is acceptable.
10,490 ± 100
IVIC-882. Muaco tierra
8540 B.C.
Earth, with carbonates and rootlet removal pretreatment, from ca.
1ni below surface of Muaco site, state of Falcon, Venezuela (11° 45'
N Lat, 69° 15' W Long). Assoc. with Pleistocene animal bones previously
dated (non-carbonate fraction) at 9030 ± 240 B.Y. (IVIC-488: R., 1969,
v. 11, p. 406), and 14,300 ± 500 B.P. (M-1068: R., 1962, v. 4,
p. 200),
presumably on total bone. Coll. 1970 and subm. by
J. Cruxent, I.V.I.C.
Comment (J.C.): date slightly younger than Taima-taima, ] 1,000 to
15,000 B.P. ("Tamers, 1971), which is possible and agrees with previous
I.V.I C. date of Muaco bones.
B. Trinidad
Banwari Trace series
Charcoal from top of small hill, 2.5km W Penal on S bank of old
Oropuche Lagoon, Trinidad (10° 10' N Lat, 61' 28' W Long). Assoc.
with bone and stone implements, possibly similar to those of Ortoire
complex. Shell tools absent. Samples expected to indicate antiquity of
Meso-Indian period in Trinidad. Coll. 1969 (IVIC-783, -784) and 1970
(IVIC-887-891) by P. Harris, Trinidad and Tobago Hist. Soc., Pointe-aPicrre. Subm. by J. Cruxent.
2550 ± 100
IVIC-784. Banwari Trace A-1
600 B.c.
Excavation A, 0 to 25cm below surface. Sample might be contaminated by modern material due to cultivation in region.
IVIC-783. Banwari Trace A-2
Excavation A, 25 to 50cnt below surface.
IVIC-887. Banwari Trace A-3
Excavation A, 50 to 75cm below surface.
IVIC-890. Banwari Trace A-4
Excavation A, 75 to 100cm below surface.
5650 ± 100
3700 B.C.
6170 ± 90
4220 B.c.
6100 ± 90
4150 B.C.
310
M. A. Tanners-Institnto 1'enezolano de Inz estigaciones
6190 ± 100
IVIC-891. Banwari Trace A-5
Excavation A, 100 to 125an below surface.
IVIC-889. Banwari Trace A-6
Excavation A, 125 to 150cm below surface.
4240 B.C.
6780 ± 70
4830 B.C.
7180 ± 80
5250 B.C.
IVIC-888. Banwari Trace A-8
Excavation A, 175 to 200cm below surface.
General Comment: these are the oldest dates for man in the Caribbean
Is. and supports arguments of Cruxent and Rouse (1969) for early habitation of the West Indies.
1260 ± 100
690
A.D.
IVIC-785. Guayaguayare C-1
S\1i
(10° 7' N
Trinidad
of Guayaguayare,
Charcoal, from 4.5knr
bones,
stones,
Assoc.
with
surface.
25cm
below
0
to
Lat, 61° 4' NV Long),
shells, and pottery. Pottery styles similar to that of Erin (Trinidad) and
Caloriguy (Grenada). Coll. 1969 by P. Harris and subm. by J. Cruxent.
Estimated age: 1000 to 1300 B.P.
1720 ± 90
A.D. 230
IVIC-786. Guayaguayare C-2
Charcoal, same excavation as IVIC-785, 25 to 50cm below surface.
Coll. same time and assoc. with similar artifacts. Comment (P.H.): dates
are reasonable.
C. Chile
Caleta Huelen series
Various cultural materials from pre-Columbian cemetery on bank
of mouth of Loa R., dividing Tarapaca and Antofagasta prows. in N
Chile (21° 25' S Lat, 70° 65' W Long). Coll. 1968 and subm. by L.
Nunez, Univ. Chile, Antofagasta.
2030 ± 80
80 B.C.
IVIC-788. Caleta Huelen 7
Coiled basketry and other vegetable fibers, well preserved, from
undisturbed Tomb 1 containing flexed adult body covered with marine
bird feathers, from 65cm below surface. Assoc. with bottle- and bellshaped ceramic vessels with polished surfaces, copper ore, basketry, cord,
cotton, wool, quartz knives. Artifacts related to 1st agricultural settlements in Tarapaca Valley, Caserones sec. Corn meat (L.N.): estimated
date: at least A.D. 100 since sample is from population whose artifacts
are old. Date is consistent with archaeologic evidence.
S
2000 ± 70
50 B.C.
IVIC-789. Caleta Huelen 10
Crude wool cloth from Tomb 1 of CaH-10 cemetery, tumulos sec.,
bank, covering body of small child. Assoc. with bottle-shaped striated
Cicntijicns I\atitral RatliocaThOn Measurements VII
311
ceramic vessels, slightly polished, with cucurbitaceous forms. Also present
were net sacks of vegetable fibers, wool, coiled basketry, and Quisco fishhooks. This is 1st (late for a late agricultural-ceramic settlement with
Quisco fishhooks. Comment (L.N.): (late is reasonable and expected; it
confirms IVIC-788.
2320 ± 80
IVIC-790. Caleta Huelen 1OA
370 B.c.
Charred wood, from Tomb 7, Sec. A of CaH-10A cemetery on S
hank, 43cm below surface of undisturbed tomb containing flexed adult
body. Assoc. with wool bundle covered with vegetable fiber matting, a
bone harpoon, coiled basketry, shells, cloth sack, wool cloth, perforated
stone. Conzmemtt (L.N.): date older than expected. This population was
buried on side of CaH-10 tomb area. Field evidence must be reexamined
in light of radiocarbon result.
1130 ± 80
IVIC-791. Caleta Huelen 43
A.D.82O
Human flesh from flexed adult body, naturally mummified by climatic
factors; front undisturbed Tomb 10, 63cni depth, on N bank of river.
From cemetery of 210 graves of only settlement on N bank of Loa R.
Assoc. with a separate style of ceramics, back packs, sticks for agricultural
use, crude wool cloth, sack with maize, leather sandals. Population had a
balanced agricultural-maritime economy. Estimated date: A.D. 0 to 300.
Comment (L.N.): (Lite is very unexpected, but possible, due to fact that
tomb was on edge of cemetery. Sample from central burial area is needed
to determine true age of site. But present sample might (late end of
occupation.
950 ± 70
IVIC-792. Pica 8
A.D.1OOO
Human flesh and digested vegetable from adult body, mummified
by (limatic: factors in undisturbed Tonib 7, Sec. G, 76cm depth, in
Pica cemetery, San Andres de Pica oasis, Tarapaca prov., Chile (20° 31'
S Lat, 69° 23' W Long). Assoc. with Charcollo type ceramics with
irregular red bands and thick woven textiles with Tiahuanaco designs.
Previous dates for site were 310 -±- 110 B.P. and 220 -!- 80 B.P. on maize
cobs (IVIC-172 and IVIC-174: R., 1966, v. 8, p. 208) and 930± 90 B.P.
on cloth (IVIC-173: R., 1966, v. 8, p. 208). Maize cob dates were unacceptable, but cloth radiocarbon result was reasonable. Present sample
should resolve ambiguity of earlier dates. Sec. G presents conclusive alitplano characteristics. Coll. 1967 and subm. by L. Nunez. This is 1st
date for Tiahuanaco influence in N Chile. Comment (L.N.): (Lite confirms that Pica complex is dated ca. A.D. 1000. Maize cob dates are invalidated.
3870 ± 80
IVIC-844. Bellavista A
1920 B.C.
Charcoal, Bell. I. 70, from Sq. A-3, bottom Level 4, in Bellavista
farm, 6km NE Concepcidn, Chile (36° 47' S Lat, 73° 2' W Long). Assoc.
312
M. A.
TamersInstitnto Venezolano
de Invest igaciones
with lithic industry consisting of projectile points, fishing weights, polishers. Coll. 1970 and subm. by Z. Seguel, Univ. Concepci6n, Chile. This
is 1st date for central-S zone of Chile. Estimated age: 3000 to 3500 B.C.
Comment: see IVIC-845.
3330 :t 80
1380 B.c.
IVIC-845. Bellavista B
3,
B-2,
Charcoal, Bell. I. 70, from Sq.
Level of same site as IVIC-844.
Assoc. with projectile points, fishing net weights, other lithic artifacts.
Settlement of marine fishermen-collectors without ceramics. Coll. 1969
and subm. by Z. Seguel. Comment (Z.S.): dates establish existence of
this early preceramic society. Site is presently far from actual sea coast
and indicates one of last pulsations of sea level in this sector.
810 ± 100
IVIC-846. Tubul1
A.D.114O
Charcoal, Tub. 1. 70, from SE sec., Sq. B-2, Level 3, of excavation
NW mouths of Raqui and Tubul R., behind Tubul cove (37' 14' S
Lat, 73° 27' W Long). Assoc. with ceramics and funerary structures.
Estimated date: A.D. 1450 to 1500. Comment (Z.S.): date earlier than
expected, but it is reasonable to believe that these ceramic techniques
were present considerably before Inca penetration into Chile.
4020 ± 110
2070 B.C.
IVIC-875. Conanoxa 4
Charcoal, Cxa. W-a No. 4, of fluvial terrace AV Conanoxa, Camarones
Valley, "I'arapaca Prov., Chile (19° 2' S Lat, 69° 59' W Long). Assoc.
with. cultural materials typical of pre-agricultural culture of Conanoxa.
Previous dates on dried excrement and charcoal from site were 3740 ±
130 B.P. and 1150 -- 95 n.r., respectively (IVIC-175 and IVIG176: R.,
1966, v. 8, p. 208-209). Material from floor of House 3, S wall, Sq. A.
Coll. 1967 and subm. by V. Schiappacasse and H. Niemeyer, Santiago,
Chile. Comment: see IVIC-876.
3970 ± 120
IVIC-876. Conanoxa 5
2020 B.C.
Charcoal, Cxa. W-a No. 5, from same site as IVIC-875. From floor
of House 1, S wall, Sq. A. Same cultural material as previous sample.
Comment: dates confirm antiquity of Conanoxa pre-agricultural settlement and invalidate possible significance of IVIC-176.
D. Mexico
Cueva del Texcal series
Charcoal from +2100m, N\V Manuel Avila Camacho clam, on
bank of reservoir, Puebla municipality, state of Puebla, Mexico (18° 55'
N Lat, 98° 8' W Long). Settlement showed both ceramic and preceramic
cultures. Coll. by members of Natl. Just. Archeol. History (INAH) in
Mexico City and subm. by J. Lorenzo.
Cicntificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VII
313
390 ± 70
IVIC-813. Cueva del Texcal I
A.D.156O
From Sq. A-12, Level II. Coll. 1964 by R. Reyna. Assoc. with ceramic
and pre-ceramic cultures. Comment (J.L.): assoc. with late postglacial
ceramics of Puebla Valley (A.D. 1200 to 1520) and Venta Salada phase of
Fehuacan Valley (A.D. 700 to 1520).
580 ± 70
IVIC-814. Cueva del Texcal 2
A.D.137O
From Sq. A-12, Level III. Coll. 1964 by A. Arbide. Assoc. preceramic
material. Comment (J.L.): see IVIC-813.
210 ± 60
IVIC-815. Cueva del Texcal 3
A.D.174O
From Sq. CC-17, Level III. Coll. 1964 by A. Arbide. Assoc. with
preceramic: material. Comment (J.L.): cultural material found with
sample was same type as for Texcal 1 and 2; dates are too recent.
7320 ± 280
IVIC-816. Cueva del Texcal 4
5370 B.c.
Very small sample from Sq. A-18, Level VI. Coll. 1965 by L. Mirambell. Assoc. with preceramic material. Comment (J.L.): date acceptable
since Levels IV and V produced material corresponding to Coxcatlan
phase of TI'elluacan Valley. In lower levels, artifacts are of El Riego del
Valle de Tehuacan phase, oldest of Texcal cave. Coxcatalan dates 5000
to 3500 B.C. and El Riego from 6500 to 5000 B.C.
1980 ± 70
IVIC-818. Cueva del Texcal 6
30 B.C.
From Sq. A-19, Level IV. Coll. 1965 by L. Mirambell. Assoc. with
preceramic: material. Commment: intermediate elate between Venta Salada
and Coxcatlan phases.
2920 ± 80
IVIC-833. Tlatilco 4
970 B.c.
Zea maize from Trench 4, Pit 17, Tlatilco site, Naucalpan de Juuirez
municipality, state of Mexico, Mexico (19° 29' N Lat, 99° 14' W Long),
+2276m. Coll. 1968 and subrn. by R. Garcia Moll, Mus. Nacl. Antropol.,
INAH. Comment (R.G.M.): sample assoc. with ceramics similar to that
described by Piffa Chin (1958). Date excludes Transitional Tlatilco
please corresponding to Medium Preclassical of central Alitplano of
Mexico. This would have dated A.D. 1500 to 900.
E. Ecuador
950 ± 70
IVIC-855. Subibaja
A.D.1OOO
Charcoal from Trench 1, Level 6, in excavation on slope of Chanduy
hills, near San Rafael, Santa Elena peninsula, Ecuador (2° 21' S Lat,
80° 38' W Long). Assoc. with Guangala ceramics, frogware type, comales,
and graters. Sample should determine period of frogware-type ceramics
314
M. A. Tamers-Irnstituto Penezolano de Investigaciiones
in Guangala culture. Coll. 1970 and subm. by J. Marcos, Guayaquil,
Ecuador. Estimated date: A.D. 500 to 600.
1180 ± 70
A.D. 770
IVIC-883. Loma del Guasango Torcido
Human bones, with carbonate removal pretreatment, from Tomb
43, on Loma del Guasango Torcido, Chanduy Valley, Santa Elena peninsula, Ecuador (2° 22' S Lat, 80° 40' W Long). Assoc. with Chanduy red
band, Guasango finger paint, and early frogware-type ceramics. Coll. 1970
and sub in. by J. Marcos. Estimated date: A.D. 500.
F. Argentina
1910 ± 60
A.D. 40
IVIC-859. Manos Pintadas 1
Charcoal from a rock shelter in Cafiaclon de las Manos Pintadas,
General Sarmiemto municipality, Clubut prov., Argentina (45° 28' S
Lat, 69° 42' W Long). From Trench 1, 60cm below surface. Coll. 1970
by C. Gradin, Ethnol. Mus. Buenos Aires, and subm. by J. Cruxent,
IVIC. Estimated date: 1500 B.P.
3330 ± 70
1380 n.c.
IVIC-860. Manos Pintadas 2
Charcoal from same site as IVIC-859. From Trench 11, 18 3cm
below surface. Coll. 1970 by C. Gradin and subm. by J. Cruxent. Estimated date: 5000 B.P.
750 ± 70
A.D. 1200
IVIC-862. Quimili Paso 24
Charcoal from Site 2, Sq. 1, Level 4, 45 to 60cm below surface, on
side of dry bed of Maillin Llanura stream, Santiago del Estero prov.,
Argentina (28° 45' S Lat, 63° 10' W Long). This level presented a concentration of basketry remains and animal bones. Coll. 1968 and subm.
by A. Lorandi, Nat. Sci. Mus., La Plata, Argentina. These are 1st dates
for Santiago del Estero region. Estimated date: A.D. 1000 to 1400. Comment (A.L.): date agrees with archaeol. evidence.
1140 ± 60
IVIC-863. Quimili Paso 31
A.D. 810
Charcoal from same site as IVIC-862, Sq. 2, Level 2, 15 to 25cm
below surface. Assoc. with ceramic vase, basketry, animal bones, some
charred. Coll. same time as previous sample. Estimated date: A.D. 1000
to 1400. Comment (A.L.): 390-yr difference between IVIC-862 and -863
is excessive; order of ages is inconsistent with depth. Errors of dates must
be considered; an average value for Site 2: ca. 1000 B.P.
450 ± 70
IVIC-864. Quimili Paso 43
A.D. 1500
Charcoal from Site 3, Sq. 1, Level 4, 45 to 60cm below surface.
On side of Maillin Llanura stream dry bed, Santiago del Estero prov.,
Argentina (28° 45' S Lat, 63° 10' W Long). Assoc. with late period
Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VII
315
basketry and animal bones. Site 3 expected to date later than Site 2.
Coll. 1968 by M. Klark and subm. by A. Lorandi. Comment (A.L.): ages
of Sites 2 and 3 should differ by only ca. 100 yr.
III. SOIL SAMPLES
This is a continuation of the program of dating soil materials
in Venezuela. The pretreatment method for removal of rootlets and
carbonates (Herrera and Tamers, 1971) is a modification of the method
developed in Bonn (Scliarpenseel et al., 1968).
1810 ± 60
IVIC-781. Calicata 4
A.D. 140
Earth, buried Horizon A,,,, at 148 to 154cm below surface; 0.41%
non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
1920 ± 70
IVIC-782. Calicata 5
A.D. 30
Earth, buried Horizon An, at 230 to 260cm below surface, 1.4("'
non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content; soil is Vertisol, covering ancient
Ultisol. These 2 samples from pit near Mantecal, state of Apure, Venezuela (7° 34' N Lat, 69° 9' W Long). Coll. 1970 by R. Schargel, M.O.P.,
Guanare, and subm. by R. Herrera, IVIC. Calicata is part of study of
rate of soil profile formation under tropical conditions. Comment: dates
are statistically indistinguishable, which was unexpected clue to almost
lm soil separating samples.
Tierra Pipe series
Samples, from A-C horizon type soil, from hill in IVIC, Altos de
Pipe, state of Miranda, Venezuela (10° 23' N Lat, 66° 58' W Long).
Other dates from this series previously published (R., 1970, v. 12, p. 524;
R., 1971, v. 13, p. 39-41). Samples at same depth were regularly younger
and of higher non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content, proceeding
down hill. Intense cloud-forest vegetation and steep slope make sampling
difficult. Profiles studied cover range in alt. from 1745m to 1450111 over
horizontal distance of only 800m. A preliminary description of results
was published previously (Herrera and Tamers, 1971). Coll. 1970 and
subm. by R. Herrera and M. Tamers. Pipe 6 is ca. 200 horizontal in
downhill from Pipe 4 and is almost at foot of hill. Pipes 7 and 8,
separated by ca. 100m, are ca. 100111 downhill from summit. Pipe 9
was taken close to sampling area of Pipe 1, but on opposite side of road.
112.7 ± 0.8 % modern
IVIC-794. Pipe 6, 20 to 35cm
1.5% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
IVIC-795. Pipe 6, 35 to 50cm
107.8 ± 0.8
1.2% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
% modern
IVIC-796. Pipe 6, 50 to 65cm
123.8 ± 0.9 % modern
0.81% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
316
Tamers-Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones
162.8 ± 0.9 % modern
IVIC-797. Pipe 6, 0.65 to 0.80m
M. A.
0.24% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
114.9 ± 0.8
IVIC-798. Pipe 6, 0.80 to 1.00m
0.14% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
% modern
101.4 ± 0.9
IVIC-802. Pipe 7, 0.30 to 0.45m
2.7% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
% modern
116.2 ± 0.8 % modern
IVIC-803. Pipe 7, 0.45 to 0.60m
3.3% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
135.2 ± 0.8 % modern
IVIC-804. Pipe 7, 0.60 to 0.75m
1.1% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
225.5 ± 1.4
IVIC-805. Pipe 7, 0.75 to 0.90m
0.38% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
% modern
223.9 ± 1.6 % modern
IVIC-806. Pipe 7, 0.90 to 1.05m
carbon
content.
0.18% non-rootlet, non-carbonate
111.9 ± 0.3 % modern
IVIC-809. Pipe 8, 0.50 to 0.65m
2.2% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
105.8 ± 0.8 % modern
IVIC-810. Pipe 8, 0.65 to 0.80m
1.5% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
113.6 ± 0.7 % modern
IVIC-811. Pipe 8, 0.80 to 0.95m
0.63% non-rootlet, noncarbonate carbon content.
2540 ± 80
590 B.c.
IVIC-866. Pipe 9, 0.20 to 0.35m
0.87% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
4090 ± 70
2140 B.C.
IVIC-867. Pipe 9, 0.35 to 0.50m
non-carbonate
carbon
content.
0.60% non-rootlet,
4860 ± 70
IVIC-868. Pipe 9, 0.50 to 0.65m
2910 B.C.
0.46% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
5220 ± 80
IVIC-869. Pipe 9, 0.65 to 0.80m
3270 B.C.
0.33% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
4750 ± 90
IVIC-870. Pipe 9, 0.80 to 0.95m
2800 B.C.
0.36% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
6450 ± 90
IVIC-871. Pipe 9, 0.95 to 1.10m
4500 B.C.
0.35% non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements b'II
317
6990 ± 90
IVIC-872. Pipe 9, 1.10 to 1.25m
5040 B.c.
0.337 non-rootlet, non-carbonate carbon content.
General Comment: Pipe 9 series agrees with previous measurements.
Pipe 6 profile is modern, but this was expected since general tendency
seen for hill slope was decreasing ages as foot was approached. Modern
dates for Pipe 7 and Pipe 8 profiles were unexpected. There is no evidence for artificial radiocarbon contamination; in any case, C14 contents
are all within range of post-1952 nuclear weapon contamination in
Venezuela (IVIC-805 and -806 are a little high, but still possible). Most
reasonable explanation is that in this area, soil was rejuvenated by infiltration of younger material from surface layers. Bonn lab. (Scharpenseel and Pietig, 1969) showed that samples of a fossil chernozem horizon
were composed of equivalent of 50% modern material, at depth ca. 1.4 in.
This Scharpenseel-Pietig effect would account for modern Pipe 7 and
Pipe 8 samples. But, it is not clear why effect should be so large in this
particular area; further study is needed.
IV. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES
14,900 ± 210
IVIC-847. Laguna Brava
12,950 B.c.
Diatomite-lacustrine sediments, with rootlet, carbonates removal pretreatment, No. MER-40-1, from edge of Laguna Brava, near Paramo
de La Negra, between States of Merida and Tachira, Venezuela (8° 25'
N Lat, 71° 50' W Long). Coll. 1970, ca. 3m below lake base, and subm.
by N. MuCioz, Dept. Geol., Univ. Central Venezuela, Caracas. Comment
(N.M.): date agrees with pollen analyses on same sample, placing layer
in late glacial, when climate began to improve.
+ 1360
30,740
IVIC-857.
Guanoco
-1170
1
28,790 B.c.
+ 1040
27,460
IVIC-858. Guanoco 2
-920
Asphalt (IVIC-857 semi-solid and IVIC-858 more liquid) from
Guanoco Lake, State of Sucre, Venezuela (10° 11' N Lat, 62° 54' W
Long). Deposit represents largest surface of asphalt in world (ca. 350h).
Coll. 1970 and subm. by D. Raynaud and Al. Tamers. Comment: ages
are statistically indistinguishable. Detection of radiocarbon activity was
unexpected, as it is generally believed that asphalt originates completely
from petroleum. Real ages might indicate that modern carbon plays a
role in asphalt formation. Situation described fully in Raynaud and
Tamers, 1971.
Mucuhaji series
Soil samples, fluvial-glacial, from headwaters of Santo Domingo R.,
318
M. A. Tamers-Inslituto Penezolano de Investigaciones
in Morrena Victoria Valley, ca. 2.5 km NE Mucubaji, State of Mcrida,
Venezuela (8° 48.7' N Lat, 70° 48.3' W Long). Previous (late for soil was
5470 ± 80 B.P. (IVIC-722, R., 1971, v. 13, p. 43). Coll. 1970 and subm.
by C. Schubert, IVIC. Site described in Schubert and Sifontes (1970).
Samples subm. to rootlet, carbonate removal pretreatment.
450 ± 70
A.D. 1500
IVIC-764. Mucuhaji CS-29
0 to 50cm below surface.
3920 ± 90
1970 B.C.
IVIC-763. Mucuhaji CS-28
50 to 75cm below surface.
5800 ± 80
3850 B.C.
IVIC-762. Mucuhaji CS-27
75 to 100cm below surface.
5360 ± 90
3410 B.C.
IVIC-766. Mucuhaji CS-31
Ca. 50cm below surface.
5590 ± 100
3640B.c.
IVIC-767. Mucubaji CS-32
Ca. 75cm below surface.
8790 ± 120
6840 B.c.
IVIC-765. Mucubaji CS-30
Ca. I 00cm below surface.
General Comment (C.S.): confirms antiquity of IVIC-722. Older date of
IVIC-765 is reasonable.
V. SAMPLES OF KNOWN AGI?
IVIC-678.
IVIC-703.
IVIC-720.
IVIC-725.
1VIC-747.
IVIC-776.
IVIC-819.
IVIC-826.
IVIC-835.
IVIC-854.
IVIC-873.
IVIC-884.
Hojas de Guama, 29 Dec., 1969
30 Jan., 1970
28 Feb.,
31
30
29
30
31
31
30
2
30
Mar.,
Apr.,
May,
June,
July,
Aug.,
Sept.,
Nov.,
Nov.,
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1.1 °
1.1
1.0
i
1.1
modern
modern
modern
% modern
modern
modern
modern
1.1 io modern
1.1 % modern
1.0 % modern
1.0 %
--t 1.0 %
1.0 jo
1.0 `Io
modern
Green leaves from Guama trees (Inga Fastuosa) in Altos de Pipe,
state of Miranda, Venezuela (10° 23' N Lat, 66° 58' W Long). Modern
plant samples have been coll. here since 1964; results are reported in
previous IVIC date lists. Coll. and subm. by members of Radiocarbon
Lab., IVIC. Comment: activity fairly constant throughout year, but a
little lower on average from 1969 (R., 1970, v. 12, p. 522).
Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VII
319
Oyster shell series
This type of sample is common in Venezuelan archaeologic excavations (Rouse and Cruxent, 1963) and an attempt was made to determine
whether errors here would be as large as those found on deep-water
marine shells (Taylor and Berger, 1967). Since no pre-nuclear-weapontesting Venezuelan oyster shells were available, a comparison of the oyster
and shell of modern samples should give information at least concerning possible errors caused by isotope effect in shell dates. The oysters
were purchased at various locations near Caracas, but came from region
of Chichiriviche, State of Falcon, Venezuela (10° 4' N Lat, 68° 16' W
Long). Coil. and subm. by members of Radiocarbon Lab.
IVIC-822.
IVIC-823.
Oysters, 19 July, 1970
Oyster shells,
19 July, 1970
Shells of IVIC-822 oysters.
IVIC-824.
IVIC-825.
Oysters, 24 July, 1970
Oyster shells,
24 July, 1970
137.3
0.9 % modern
142.5 ± 0.9 % modern
139.3
0.9 % modern
143.8 ± 0.9 % modern
Shells of IVIC-824 oysters.
IVIC-827.
IVIC-828.
Oysters, 2 August, 1970
Oyster shells,
2 August, 1970
Shells of IVIC-827 oysters.
142.1
0.9 % modern
141.5 ± 0.9 % modern
General Comment: radiocarbon concentrations of oyster-shell pairs are
statistically indistinguishable, therefore, there would be no isotope-effect
error in oyster-shell dates. Absolute values, nevertheless, are lower than
contemporary plant material at this time in Venezuela. This could have
been caused either by tendency of dilution of contamination in ocean
waters coming from S hemisphere, by uncontaminated modern waters
near the surface or by dilution by deeper waters of non-modern age.
More samples of this kind in future years could clarify this question.
VI. EXTRATERRESTRIAL SAMPLES
IVIC-821. Allende meteorite
71.0 ± 4.2 dpm/kg
Type III carbonaceous chondrite, fell 1:05 CST, 8 Feb. 1969, neaParral, state of Chihuahua, Mexico (27° 6' N Lat, 105° 12' W Long), At
least 2 tons were recovered; 149g from surface taken for radiocarbon
analysis. Chemical and mineralogic analyses have been pub. (Clarke
ct al., 1970). Sample sent by R. Clarke, Smithsonian Inst., Washington,
D.C. Carbon extracted by heating at ca. 1000°C for 2 days in oxygen
stream with polyethylene plastic used as carrier. Comment: radiocarbon
content is close to average value, 85dpmikg, of other "fall" stone meteorites measured (Toners, 1963). This is surprising due to largeness of
M. A. Tanners
320
Allende. Since it is improbable that sample was exactly on surface of
large body, we suspect that Allende reached the earth's atmosphere as
colln. of smaller stones more or less uniformly irradiated for a long period
by cosmic radiation. Allende represents largest stony meteorite fall in
areal extent, pieces spreading over 300km'.
40.8 ± 5.1 dpm/kg
IVIC-842. Lost City meteorite
of 3 Jan. 1970
fell
evening
Type H-5 olivine-bronzite chondrite,
(Clarke, JaroseLong)
W
Lat,
95°
6'
0'
N
(36°
near Lost City, Oklahoma
Nvich, and Nelen, 1971). Stony meteorite weighed 17.5kg; 94g from
center sent by R. Clarke for radiocarbon analysis. Sample heated at
1000°C for 2 days in oxygen stream with polyethylene plastic carrier.
Comment: radiocarbon content a little on low side, but still within
normal range and reasonable compared with Ors (p,3p) C14 cross-section
data. Low value could be because sample came from inner portion of
meteorite.
RICFFRFNCICS
Clarke, R. S. et al., 1970, The Allende, Mexico meteorite shower: Smithsonian contr.
to Earth Sci., no. 5, p. 1-53.
Clarke, R. S., Jr., Jarosewich, Eugene, and Nelen, Joseph, 1971, The Lost City,
Oklahoma, meteorite: an introduction to its laboratory investigation and comparison with Pribram and Ucera: Jour. Geophys. Research, in press.
Crane, H. R. and Griffin, J. B., 1962, University of Michigan radiocarbon dates VII:
Radiocarbon, v. 4, p. 183-203.
Cruxent, J. M. and Rouse, Irving, 1969, Early man in the West Indies: Sci. American,
v. 221, no. 5, p. 42-52.
Herrera, R. and Tamers, M. A., 1971, Radiocarbon dating of tropical soil associations
in Venezuela: Internatl. Soil Sci. Soc. Paleopedology, p. 109-115.
I'iua ChSn, Roman, 1958, Tlatilco: Ser. invest. no. 1, Inst. Nac. Antropol. Historia,
Mexico.
Eaynaud, I). and Tamers, M. A., 1971, 'I'eneurs en radiocarbone de l'asphalte natural
du lac do Guanoco (Venezuela): Acad. sci. [Paris] Comptes rendus, v. 173D, p.
1660-1663.
Rouse, Irving and Cruxent, J. M., 1963, Venezuelan archaeology: New Haven, Yale
Univ. Press.
Scharpcnseel, H. W. and Pietig, F., 1969, Altcrsvestimmung von Boden durch die
Radiokohlenstoffdatierungsmethode III. Boden mit B,-Horizont and fossile Schwarzerden: Pflanzenernahrung Bodenkunde Zeitschr., v. 122, p. 145-152.
Scharpenseel, H. W. et al., 1968, Altersbcstimmung von Boden durch die Radiokohlenstoffdaticrungsmcthodc. I. Methode and verhandene 14C Daten: Pflanzenernahrung Bodenkunde Zcitschr., v. 119, p. 34-44.
6chubert, Carlos and Sifontes, R. S., 1970, Bocono Fault, Venezuelan Andes: Evidence
of postglacial movement: Science, v. 170, p. 66-69.
Tamers, M. A., 1963, Determination des sections efficaces de quelques rdactions nnclcaires intervenant daps les effets du rayonnement cosmique. CEA rept., v.
2298, p. 1-61.
1966, Institute Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas natural radiocarbon measurements II: Radiocarbon, v. 8, p. 204-212.
1967, Radiocarbon ages of ground water in an arid zone unconfined aquifer:
Am. Geophys. Union, v. 11, p. 143-152.
1969, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas natural radiocarbon measurements IV: Radiocarbon, v. 11, p. 396-422.
1970, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas natural radiocarbon measurements V: Radiocarbon, v. 12, p. 509-525.
1971, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas natural radiocarbon measurements VI: Radiocarbon, v. 13, p. 32-44.
Taylor, R. E. and Berger, Rainer, 1967, Radiocarbon content of marine shells from
the Pacific coasts of Central and South America: Science, v. 158, p. 1180-1182.
[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 15,
No. 2, 1973, P. 321-344]
MONACO RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS IV
J. THOMMERET and Y. THOMMERET
Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco
The following list of dates includes most of the samples processed
from 1968 to 1972. Proportional counting is used and the counting gas
is CO_ at constant filling pressure of 740mmHg at 22°C (Tliommeret
at al., 1969). Samples are counted at least twice on two different counters
and errors quoted are averages of standard deviations obtained on each
counting.
In 1970 the installations were entirely rebuilt and 3 quartz-lined
proportional counters of 1.2L were constructed in the laboratory and are
now in use. Counting results are periodically punched on tape and the
dates calculated with the help of a small calculator.
ACKNO'LIaGMENTS
We gratefully acknowledge the help of J. L. Rapaire in setting up
the equipment, J. Galliot for electronics maintenance, Miss G. Hugues
for samples preparations, and all submitters who added their comments.
SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS
1.
GEOLOGIC SAMPLES
A. France
Continental shelf of Roussillon, Pyrenees Orientales
Between Bear Cape (42° 31' 00" N Lat, 3° 08' 20" E Long) and
Leucate Cape (12° 55' 10" N Lat, 3° 03' 30" E Long), the continental
shelf (down to -120m) is spotted with Quaternary remnants. Some are
crowned with large coral concretions that are covered by more recent
sediment. Invasion of post-Wurm sea shaped marine terraces and deposited layers of sand. Many cores 5 to 10m long, coll. from 1965 to
1970 and subm. by A. Monaco, Centre Recherches Secl. Marine, UER
Sci., Perpignan, Pyrenees Orientales.
MC-468. Core CLK 3, 155 to 175cm
Shell (Cyprina islandica) 155 to 175cm in Core CLK
N Lat, 3° 29' 00" E Long), water depth 95m.
>35,000
3
(42° 55' 35"
MC-469. Core CLK 3, 330 to 350cm
>35,000
Shell (Cyp)-ina islandica) in deepest sandy to gravelly horizon, 330
to 350cm in core.
MC-465. Core F 123, 210 to 230cm
>35,000
Mixed marine shells (Cyprina islandica, Turritella, Mylilus sp.) in
Core F 123 (42° 35' 40" N Lat, 3° 17' 00" E Long), 210 to 220cm in
core, water depth 82m.
MC-331. Core S 11, 250 to 300cm
>35,000
Shelly sand, heterogeneous horizon, 250 to 300cm in Core S 11
321
J. Thomnteret and Y. Thommeret
(42° 41' 30" N Lat, 30 16' 15" E Long), water depth 90m. Comment
(A.M.): stratigraphically equivalent to MC-468 and MC-469.
322
27,200 ± 1000
25,250 B.C.
MC-250. Core C 29
matrix
eolian-sand
siliceous
in
included
sp.)
(Chl(my.s
Shell fragments
appearing as pebbles in several levels of Core C 29 (42° 43' 10" N Lat,
3° 7' 35" E Long) near outcropping rock of littoral zone, water depth
47rn. Comment (A.M.): if the organisms, during their life, became embedded in the sandy matrix, age of gritty sediment agrees with paleogeographic data deduced from cores and seismic records.
23,800 ± 1000
21,850 B.C.
540cm
to
510
MC-467. Core F 129,
whole sandy
from
Mytilus)
Turritclla,
Mixed marine shells (Venus,
N
Lat,
3° 13' 00"
31'
40"
F
129
(42°
Core
540cm
in
lower part, 510 to
E Long), water depth 78m. Comment (A.M.): medium- to coarse-grained
sand horizon pertains to facies called "offshore sands" or "Wiirm relict
sands."
18,300 ± 750
16,350 B.C.
9,
50cm
Core
S
MC-330.
10"
N Lat, 3°
40'
S
9
Core
(42°
50cm
in
Shelly sand from depth
sand
gravelly
(A.M.):
dates
Comment
90m,
water
depth
E
Long),
26' 40"
horizon marking late Wiirm regression at outer border of Continental
slope.
12,900 ± 200
10,950 B.C.
MC-334. Core S
N
Lat,
3° 12' 15"
36'
50"
Shelly sand in 450cm long Core S 17 (42°
(A.M.):
Comment
72m.
water
depth
core,
450cm
in
E Long), 400 to
should date horizon of -70m submarine terrace shaped during postglacial
transgression.
17, 400 to 450cm
10,500 ± 150
8550 B.C.
MC-335. Core S 19, 850cm
850cm long.
S
19,
Core
in
horizon
sand
lower
from
Shelly sand
(42° 49' 30" N Lat, 3° 12' 50" E Long), water depth 60m. Comment
(A.M.): could be same age as terrace at -55m.
8400 ± 150
6450 B.C.
MC-466. Core F 128, 860 to 878cm
Mixed shells (Chlamys, Cardium, Venus) in Core F 128 (all sand)
(42° 31' 10" N Lat, 3° 9' 00" E Long), 860 to 878cm in core, water depth
40m. Comment (A.M.): date corresponds to stand of sea level characterized by bulky sand that projects through silt mantle in places (Bear and
Leucate Capes).
6000 ± 100
4050 B.C.
13, 230 to 300cm
N Lat, 3°
37'
250cm
long
(42°
22"
Core
S
13,
in
Silty, shelly sand
MC-332.
Core
S
Monaco Radiocarbon Measurements IV
323
07' 50" E Long), 120 to 235cm in core, water depth 38m. Comment
(A.M.): Flandrian silty facies.
1350 ± 60
Core C 29, 340 to 35Ocm
A.D. 600
Tiny lamellibranch and gasteropod shells in Core C 29 (42° 43' 10"
N Lat, 3° 7' 35" E Long), 340 to 350cm in core, water depth 47m. Comment (A.M.): possible reworking of sediment in vicinity of Roche Lannier, an outcropping reef.
MC-304. Dredging 5
BCC"
= + 13 ± 10
Lamellibranchs (Pecten, Anomya) form a dredged superficial deposit
(42° 41' 40" N Lat, 3° 7' 45" E Long), water depth 45m, near Roche
Lannier.
General Comment (A.M.): due to complexity of Quaternary stratigraphy
and paleogcography shaped by eustatic sea levels on Roussillon continental shelf, interpretation of dates requires a large set of various analyses
(Monaco, 1971; Monaco and Thommeret, 1969; Monaco et al., 1972).
Saint-Nazaire shore-pond sediment series
Shells from various cores from coastal lake of Saint-Nazaire, coil.
and subm. by F. Gadel, Centre Recherches Ski. Marine, LJER Sci.,
Perpignan.
2750 ± 90
MC-397. Saint-Nazaire 1
800 B.C.
Shells (Cardium) in a transition shell layer, from depth 235cm in
Core CM (42° 39' 3" N Lat, 3° 15' E Long). Coll. 1967.
MC-303.
4360 ± 90
MC-396. Saint-Nazaire 2
2410 B.c.
Shells (Cardiuin) in a transition shell layer, from 380cm in same
core as MC-397.
2870 ± 90
MC-517. Saint-Nazaire 3
920 B.C.
Shells (Cardium) from depth 205 to 220cm in Core CH (12° 39' -10
N Lat, 3° 1' 20" E Long). Coll. 1968.
4300 ± 70
MC-518. Saint-Nazaire 4
2350 B.C.
Shells (C(rdium) from depth 370 to 390cm in same core as MC-517.
3670 ± 80
MC-519. Saint-Nazaire 5
1720B.c.
Marine shells of lagoonal ooze in Core CD (42° 41' 10" N Lat, 3°
0' 10" E Long), from depth 186 to 200cm. Coll. 1967.
4800 ± 150
MC-417. Saint-Nazaire 6
2850 B.c.
Marine shells in silty Core CK (42° 40' 40" N Lat, 3° 30' L Long),
depth 50cm in core. Coll. 1968.
J. Thommeret and Y. Thommeret
General Comment (F.G.): in central part of Saint-Nazaire shore-pond,
sedimentation rates in recent layers are from 75 to 80cm,/millennium
(CH and CK cores) in comparison to 90 to 110cm for deeper oozes in
same cores, suggesting quieter conditions for former deposits. In N part
of lagoon a slower rate (40cm/millennium in Cores CD and CJ) was
found despite fluvial supplies. This may be explained by temporary
summer uncovering periods inducing compaction of dry sediment followed by wind erosion.
324
Golfe du Lion a core series
Piston core 19m long, coll. 1969 on continental shelf of Golfe du
Lion (43° 13' 25" N Lat, 4° 10' 45" E Long), water depth 88m, by O. V.
Terebel for CFP and subm. by F. Gadcl.
7780 ± 100
5830 B.c.
7.00m
core
Lion
a
du
MC-413. Golfe
sediment.
surface
below
7.00m
at
Shells (Turritella) in gray silt
12,240 ± 180
10,290 B.c.
12.80m
WIC-414. Golfe du Lion a core
Serpulid calcareous tubes at core depth 12.80m.
25,300 ± 800
23,350 B.c.
MC-415. Golfe du Lion a core 17.50m
Shell fragments at core depth 17.50m.
General Comment (F.G.): since 12,000 B.P. sedimentation rate in this
place is lm/millennium. Before 12,000 i;.P., sedimentation rate was 35 to
40cm/millennium; but compaction must be considered.
Bages-Sigean shore-pond sediment series
1250 ± 70
A.D. 700
MC-515. Bages-Sigean E 3
Mixed marine shells (Rissoa, Lucina, Cardium) from depth 80 to
90cm in silt, Sta. E, water depth lm (43° 6' 20" N Lat, 3° 0' E Long).
Coll. 1968 by G. Cahet, Lab. Arago, Banyuls sur Mer, Pyrenees Orientales.
650 ± 60
A.D. 1300
MC-516. Bages-Sigean C 3
Mixed marine shells (Rissoa, Lucina, Cardium) from depth 80 to
90cm in sediment, Sta. C, water depth 2m (43° 5' 25" N Lat, 2° 59' 29"
E Long). Coll. 1968 by G. Cahet.
General Comment (F.G.): sedimentation rate depends on position in
lagoon and water depth. Rates near shore at Sta. C, which is influenced
by fluvial supplies from the Berre R., are twice as great as in the shallow
water of Sta. E.
Continental shelf of Provence
Between Rhone delta and S shore of Massif des Maures at depths
from 200 to 300m are found, as fossils, North Atlantic shell species, now
Monaco Radiocarbon Measurements IV
325
extinct in the Mediterranean. Cores and dredging from continental slope
or from canyon rims yielded shells of these species, subm. 1967 to 1971
by C. Froget, Lab. Geol. Marine, Univ. Marseille-Luminy (Blanc, Froget,
and Gien, 1967).
Provence Core B 11-67 series
Piston core of silty sand, coil, and subm. 1967, in upper part of
continental slope (13° 08' 40" N Lat, 50 25' 30" E Long) S of Bec de
Sormiou, water depth 90m.
13,050 ± 300
MC-243. Core B 11-67, 210cm
Shells (Cyp)-ina islandica), 210cm in core.
11,100 B.C.
12,170 ± 300
MC-242. Core B 11-67, 250em
10,220 B.C.
Shells (Cyprina islandica), 250cm in core.
General Comment (C.F.): ages do not agree with depth in sediment.
Reworking is a possible explanation.
Provence shelf Core series
in
S
Sandy and silty piston core (42° 58' 49" N Lat, 3° 58' 26" F Long)
of delta of Rhone R., water depth 96ni.
MC-356. Provence shelf Core, 90cm
Shell (Cyprina islandica), 90cm in core.
VC-357. Provence shelf Core, 230cm
Shell (Cyp)-ina islandica), 230cm in core.
10,350 ± 200
8400 B.C.
21,300 ± 700
19,350 B.C.
Provence continental shelf dredging series
12,200 ± 300
MC-348. Dredging R 30
10,250 B.C.
Shells (Venus casina) dredged Sept. 1966 (42° 58' 10" N Lat, 5° 42'
30" E Long), water depth 250m, on the E border of Plateau des Blauquieres.
13,140 ± 160
vIC-245 A. Dredging S of Bandol, Var
11,190 D.C.
Shells (Venus casina) dredged Sept. 1966 (42° 58' 15" N Lat, 5° 41'
30" E Long), water depth ca. 250m.
MC-245 B.
Dredging
S
of Bandol
12,470 ± 190
10,520 B.C.
Shells (Glycime)-is glycimeris) from same dredging as MC-245.
MC-244.
Dredging Cassidaigne, Bouches du
Rhone
13,095 ± 300
11,145 B.C.
Shells (Cyprina islandica) dredged Oct. 1967 (43° 07' 30" N Lat, 50
26" 10" E Long), water depth from 300 to 150m on W rim of Canyon de
Cassidaigne.
326
J. Thornmeret and
Y.
Thommeret
6400 ± 100
4450 B.C.
MC-246 A. Dredging Cassidaigne CF 86
N Lat, 5°
00"
05'
1967
(43°
April
dredged
Shells (Venus casino)
de
of
Canyon
E
rini
200m
on
to
from
250
depth
E
Long),
water
00"
31'
Cassidaigne, sample deeply worm-pitted.
6970 ± 100
5020 B.C.
MC-246 B. Dredging Cassidaigne CF 86
Uncorroded shell (Venus casing). Comment: no significant age difference between corroded and non-corroded shells.
9600 ± 100
7650 B.C.
16
CF
Dredging
Cassidaigne
MC-247.
(13° 01'
dredged
(Ditrupa
a)-ietina)
Calcareous tubes of shell-worm
15" N Lat, 5° 30' 10" L Long), water depth from 240 to 220m on E
edge of Canyon de Cassidaigne.
5600 ± 100
3650 B.C.
MC-248. Dredging Cassidaigne R 178
Shells of unid. large oysters, supposedly of Tertiary age dredged
1966 (43° 07" 30" N Lat, 5° 29' 00" E Long), water depth from 600 to
500m. Comment (C.F.): quoted age is probably correct, though estimated
age was much greater. Oysters were attached to sandstone block dated
27,900 B.P. (MC-434).
10,000 ± 150
8050 B.C.
MC-358. Dredging Cassidaigne F 5
Shells (Modiolus modiolus) dredged Jan. 1967 (43° 06' 10" N Lat,
05° 27' 20" E Long), water depth from 250 to 150m, on AV rim of Canyon
de Cassidaigne.
X35,000
MC-359. Dredging Cassidaigne F 4
zone
as
Dredging
same
1969
in
Coll.
March
islandica).
Shell (Cyprina
F 5, water depth ca. 345m. Shell all pitted and bored by worms.
11,000 ± 200
9050 B.C.
MC-360. Dredging Cassidaigne F 3
Shell (Panopea norvegi(a) dredged Aug. 1967 (43° 05' N Lat, 5° 30'
50" E Long), water depth from 350 to 150m.
9800 ± 200
7850 B.c.
F
2
Cassidaigne
MC-361. Dredging
06'
40" N Lat,
1968
(43°
Shell (Buccinunt undatum). Coll. March
5° 32' E Long).
SCL°%o = + 21 - 8
A1C-362. Dredging Cassidaigne F 1
07' N Lat, 5° 32'
(43°
May
1969
alive
coil.
(Venus
casina)
Shells
30" E Long) in dredging of same zone as F 4 (MC-359) and F 5 (MC-358),
water depth ca. 135m on E edge of Canyon de Cassidaigne.
General Comment (C.F.): North Atlantic species of shells cored or
dredged in top part of continental slope (Plateau des Blauquieres, top of
Canyon de Cassidaigne) at depth from 300 to 200m and dated as Wiirm
Monaco Radiocarbon Measurements IV
327
are also found as shell accumulations, dated from 13,000 to 10,000 B.P.,
corresponding to milder postglacial climate (Dryas I, Allerod, Dryas 11)
that induced their extinction. At that time, sea level was 80m lower than
at present. Some species (Venus casina, Glycimeris glyci7neris,
Ditrupa
arietina), always present in the Mediterranean, survived these climatic
changes up to the present, although they are found at unusual
depth.
Venus casino, coll. alive is relic of these populations (Froget et
al., 1972).
Provence continental shelf Core D 11-67 series
Piston core 370cm long coll. 1967 (43° 04' 30" N Lat, 5° 22' F Long)
water depth 140m on ridge of continental shelf, S of Marseille, Bouches
du Rhone, subm. by C. Froget.
MC-351. Core D 11-67, 0 to
Free calcareous algae.
l lcm
MC-352. Core D 11-67, 22 to 35cm
Free calcareous algae.
MC-439.
Core D 11-67, 40 to 50cm
Calcareous algae.
MC-438. Core D 11-67, 50 to 60m
Calcareous algae.
16,200 ± 360
14,250 B.c.
16,100 ± 360
14,150 B.c.
19,350 ± 700
17,400 B.c.
27,700 ± 1500
25,750B.c.
27,200 ± 1500
MC-437. Core D 11-67, 70 to 80cm
25,250 B.c.
Mixed sample of polychaete worm tubes (Salmacina) and
bryozoan
tubes (Hippodiplosia fascialis P).
30,700 ± 1800
MC-436. Core D 11-67, 80 to 90cm
28,750 B.C.
Coarse calcareous sand, grain-size fraction > 0.5min.
MC-435. Core D 11-67, 90 to 100cm
Bryozoans.
MC-353. Core D 11-67, 120 to 130cm
Calcareous sand, grain-size fraction > 21/11/1.
30,300 ± 1800
B.c.
28,000 ± 1700
26 , 050 B.c.
29,300 ± 1600
MC-355. Core D 11-67, 340 to 350em
27 350 B.c.
Bryozoans (Hippodiplosia fascialis).
General Comment (C.F.): dating technique probably reaches its
limit at
core depth lm. Thus, calculated sedimentation rate is poor and
variable:
ca. 12cm/1000 yr from 0 to 50cm and 2 to 3cm/1000
yr from 40 to 60cm.
Results agree with pteropod distributions in core: N Atlantic
pteropod
(Spiratella retroz eisa) is only species found at core depths >
40cm.
328
J. Thomnieret aad
Y.
Thowineret
Golfe du Lion Piston Core 9-68 series
Piston core 1850cm long, coll. Sept. 1968 (43° 13' 25" N Lat, 4° 10'
45" E Long), water depth 88m, ca. 50km SE Montpellier. Sandy silt,
mostly from Rhone Delta, with shell debris. Subm. 1971 by C. Froget.
6900 ± 150
4950 B.C.
300cm
9-68,
MC-428. Core
Unid. shell fragments.
7700 ± 140
5750 B.C.
MC-429. Core 9-68, 700cm
fragments.
Unid. shell
19,000 ± 250
MC-430. Core 9-68, 1500cm
Shell fragments (Cyprina islandica).
MC-431. Core 9-68, 1700cm
Shell fragments (Cyprina islaradica).
Core 9-68, 1800cm
17,050 B.C.
31,500 ± 3000
29,550 B.C.
13,300 ± 250
11,350 B.C.
MC-432.
Unid. shell fragments.
General Comment (C.F.): compared to Core D 11-67, sedimentation rate
is much higher (ca. lm/1000 yr) from 300 to 1500cm. The 1700cm level
(MC-431) appears older than surrounding ones: 1500cm (MC-430) and
1800cm (MC-432) suggesting reworking. Appearance of N Atlantic
pteropod (Spi)-atella retroversa), 900cm, agrees with age in core.
Provence littoral zone consolidated formations
MC-347. Saint-Cyr-les-Lecques, Var
35,000
Shells (Patella ferraaginea) from fossil beach of cemented sand and
pebbles covered by consolidated dune sand formation (43° 10' 20" N
Lat, 5° 41' 40" E Long), alt. +3m. Coll. and subm. 1969 by C. Froget.
24,400 ± 1000
22,450 B.C.
MC-433. Cavalaire, Var
Fragments of dredged shelly sandstone (43° 06' 30" N Lat, 6° 33'
30" E Long), water depth 220m, S of Cap Cavalaire. Coll. and subm. 1969
by C. Froget. Comment: dates a submarine lithification.
27,900 ± 1100
25,950 B.C.
MC-434. Cassidaigne, Bouches du Rhone
Unid. shell fragments extracted from dredged sandstone cobbles
(43° 07' N Lat, 5° 31' E Long), water depth from 400 to 350m, in Canyon
de Cassidaigne. Coll. and subm. 1969 by C. Froget. Comment (C.F.): dates
a submarine lithification.
1200 ± 130
A.D. 750
MC-349. Isle of Riou 1
Calcareous, slightly cemented algae from sea floor, -18m, Plateau
Monaco Radiocarbon Measurements IV
329
des Chevres (43° 11' 10" N Lat, 5° 24' 30" E Long) near Isle of Riou,
Bouches du Rhone. Coll. and subm. 1969 by C. Froget.
1300 ± 130
MC-350. Isle of Riou 2
A.D.65O
Calcareous algae from area of MC-349, water depth 15m. Coll. and
subm. 1969 by C. Froget. Comment (C.F.): dates for submarine rocks
(MtilC-454, -434, -349, -350) vary from 1200 to 27,900
yr n.e. and confirm
a submarine medium of consolidation if their present depth is considered.
They aid study of diagenesis of carbonaceous sediment in this medium.
Isle of Rion Cardial site series, Bouches du Rhone
Marine shells from open-air habitat, nearly destroyed by removal
of sand from a 19th century sand pit (43° 10' 50" N Lat, 5° 23' E Long),
alt. ca. +25m in NW Isle of Riou, near Marseille. Rough early cardial
pottery and poor lithic industry remains: milling stones cut in Quaternary sandstone blocks not found on island. Coll. and subm. by C. Froget.
7600 ± 100
MC-440. Isle of Riou Cardial Site 1
5650 B.c.
Shells (Patella caerulea).
7400 ± 100
MC-441. Isle of Riou Cardial Site 2
5450 B.c.
Shells (Patella lusitanica).
General Comment (C.F.): dates agree with pottery for early cardial campsite. At that time sea level was ca. 20ni lower than at present and island
was connected to land (Courtin and Froget, 1970).
Cap Ragnon cave, Bouches du Rhone
Shells from early cardial Neolithic habitat in cave of Cap Ragnon,
Le Rove, NW coast, bay of Marseille (43° 21' N Lat, 5° 16' E Long).
Coll. 1970 and subm. 1971 by J. Courtin, CNRS, Marseille.
7970 ± 130
MC-500 A.
6020 B.c.
Shells (Patella caerulea).
7650 ± 150
MC-500 B.
5700 B.c.
Shells (T)-ococochlea turbinata).
Comment: dates agree with others of cardial site in Ile Riou (MC-
440: 7600 n.P.; MC-441: 7400 B.P.).
Grotte des Tremies, Cassis, Bouches du Rhone
Large submarine cave (43° 12' 12" N Lat, 5° 30' 42" E Long), at base
of overhanging cliff. In midst of cave at -18m a 50cm diam. well, cored
with a sucking pump in Versilian sediment 5m thick, stopped at -24m
depth on large blocks and hard cryoclastic sediments of Wiirm age.
Samples coll. and subm. 1970 by E. Bonifay, lab. Geol. Marine, Univ.
Marseille-Luminy.
J. Thonameret and 1'. Thommeret
330
1290 ± 90
660
MC-377 A. Grotte des Tremies, 50 to 100cm
Coral (Corallium rubrum), 50 to 100cm in core.
A.D.
MC-377 B. Grotte des Tremies, 50 to 100cm
Opercula of Turbo opercularis.
A.D.
MC-378 A. Grotte des Tremies, 100 to 150cm
Coral (Corallium rubrion).
MC-378 B. Grotte des Tremies, 100 to 150cm
Opercula of Turbo.
MC-379. Grotte des Tremies, 150 to 200cm
Opercula of Turbo.
1200 ± 70
750
1980 -t 90
30 B.C.
2040 ± 80
90 B.C.
2730 ± 80
780 B.C.
4050 ± 100
M C-380. Grotte des Tremies, 200 to 250cm
Opercula of Turbo.
2100 B.C.
Grotte des Tremies, 250 to 300cm
MC-381.
Opercula of Turbo.
2810 B.C.
MC-382. Grotte des Tremies, 300 to 350cm
Opercula of Turbo.
2870 B.C.
Grotte des Tremies, 350 to 400cm
MC-383.
Opercula of Turbo.
3570 B.C.
MC-384. Grotte des Tremies, 400 to 450cm
Opercula of Turbo.
3770 B.C.
4760 ± 100
4820 ± 100
5520 ± 100
5720 ± 100
Grotte des Tremies, 450 to 500cm
5730 ± 100
3780 B.C.
MC-385.
Opercula of Turbo.
General Comment (E.B., J.T.): in Grotte des Tremies Versilian sedimentation begins ca. 5800 B.P. (-23m). First appearance of coral (200 to
250cm) only begins after complete submergence of cave, i.e., -7m sea
level ca. 4000 B.P. (MC-380). Reduced sedimentation rate above -7m sea
level should indicate a longer stand of sea at that level (Bonifay et al.,
1971).
11,800 ± 200
9850 B.C.
MC-329. Golfe de Frejus, Var
Lamellibranch shells (Cardiurn glaucuin) in upper silty sand 43 to
51cm in Core DRA P 20 (43° 23' N Lat, 6° 45' 42" E Long), 3km offshore
Saint Aygulf, Var. Core from top of continental slope, water depth 100m.
Monaco Radiocarbon Measurements IV
331
Coll. and subm. 1967 by G. Bellaiche, Centre de Recherclies Gcodynainiques, Villefrancbe-sur-Mer. Comment (G.B.): silty sand corresponding to an acoustic-reflection layer detected throughout Gulf by "mud
penetrator," was deposited, as supposed, at end of Wiirm IV, more precisely during Dryas (Bellaiche et al., 1969).
11,700 ± 100
MC-314. Saint Tropez, Var
9750 B.C.
Shells (Venus casina) from a Shelly sand 315 to 320cm in Core DRA
P 71 (43° 18' N Lat, 6° 40' L Long), water depth 100m. Coll. and subm.
1967 by G. Bellaiche. Comment (G.B.): structure and age of sandy layer
dated in DRA P 20 (MC-329) from lower Argens Valley are very similar
to this layer from top of canyon of Saint Tropez (Bellaiche, 1971).
MC-315. Open-sea core DRA P 5
> 30,000
Fraction > 40µ shelly sand from 610 to 615cm, in Core CAP P 5
(42° 58' N Lat, 6° 48' L Long), water depth 2500m. Abyssal plain of
Isle of Levant. Coll. and subm. 1967 by G. Bellaiche.
Grotte du Corail, Villefranche-sur-Mer
Grotte du Corail, a submarine cave, (43° 41' 30" N Lat, 7° 18' 30"
in bay of Villefrancbe, Alpes Maritimes, at foot of Mont Boron,
opens at ca. -26m. Silty sediment of floor of cave, manually cored down
to bedrock by divers, yielded many shell remains. Core 69 coil. and subm.
1969; Core 70 coil. and subm. 1970 by H. De Lumley, Fac. Sci., Marseille.
Grotte du Corail Core 69 series
3150 ± 80
MC-371. Grotte du Corail C 69, 35cm
1200 B.C.
Lamellibranch and gastropod shells, level 35cm in core, water depth
(absolute level) 22.75m.
5040 ± 100
MC-370. Grotte clu Corail C 69, 120cm
3090 B.C.
Madreporeans, water depth 23.60m.
5650 ± 80
MC-369. Grotte du Corail C 69, 160cm
3700 B.C.
Madreporeans, water depth 24m.
5850 ± 70
MC-368. Grotte du Corail C 69, 200cm
3900 B.C.
Lamellibranch shells, water depth 24.40m.
6100 ± 100
MC-367. Grotte du Corail, C 69, 250cm
4150 B.C.
Lamellibranch shells, water depth 24.90m.
5650 ± 100
MC-366. Grotte du Corail C 69, 310em
3700 B.C.
Lamellibranch and gastropod shells, water depth 25.50m. Difficulties
encountered in coring disturbed the sampling.
L Long),
J. Thornmeret and
332
Y.
Thomrneret
6080 ± 100
4130 B.C.
350cm
MC-365. Grotte du Corail C 69,
as for
remark
Same
Lamellibranch shells, water depth 25.90m.
MC-366.
Grotte du Corail Core 70 series
3060 ± 60
1110 B.C.
MC-449. Grotte du Corail C 70, 50cm
in core,
50cm
depth
shells,
Opercula of Turbo and lamellibranch
21.10m.
water depth (absolute level)
3800 ± 90
1850 B.C.
MC-450. Grotte du Corail C 70, 100cm
21.60m.
depth
water
Turbo,
of
Opercula
4750 ± 100
2800 B.C.
MC-452. Grotte du Corail C 70, 150cm
Opercula of Turbo and lamellibranch shells, water depth 22.10m.
4930 ± 100
2980 B.C.
200cm
70,
C
Corail
du
Grotte
1110-454.
water depth
rubrum),
(Corallium
corals
and
shells
Lamellibranch
22.60m.
5670 ± 110
3720 B.C.
MC-456. Grotte du Corail C 70, 250cm
23.10m.
Opercula of Turbo and Arca sp. shells, water depth
7150 ± 130
5200 B.C.
MC-458. Grotte du Corail C 70, 300cm
23.60m.
depth
water
0.75mm,
sand
slielly
>
of
Fraction
General Comment (H.L.): cave was filled by silty submarine sediment
from 6080 (middle Atlantic) to 3060 B.P. (end of Boreal). Results show
that sea level was already higher than -26m (floor of cave) ca. 6100 B.P.
Grotte du Merou, Core
Al
70 series, Villefranche-sur-Mer
Submarine cave (43° 41' 30" N Lat, 7° 19' 13" E Long) on W cliff
of Cap Ferrat in bay of Villefranche. Opening ca. -26m. Many similarities with Grotte du Corail in same bay. Sediment Coring Al 70 by free
(livers yielded many shells, subm. 1971 by H. de Lumley.
1900 ± 70
50
A.D.
70cm
31
70,
Merou
MC-443. Grotte du
24.80m.
depth
water
core,
Opercula of Turbo, depth 70cm in
3030 ± 80
1080 B.C.
100cm
M
70,
Merou
Grotte
du
MC-444.
25.1Om.
water
depth
Opercula of Turbo,
5860 ± 100
3910 B.C.
MC-446. Grotte du Merou M 70, 120cm
Lamellibranch shells and opercula of Turbo, water depth 25.30m.
Monaco Radiocarbon Measurements IV
333
6050 ± 100
MC-447. Grotte tiu Merou M 70, 150cm
4100 B.C.
Lamellibranch and gastropod shells, water depth 25.60m.
5320 ± 110
MC-448. Grotte du Merou M 70, 170cm
3370 B.C.
Gastropod shells, water depth 25.80m.
General Comment (H.L.): disturbed chronology of sediments probably
results from difficulties in manual coring. Chronology of filling similar to
Grotto du Corail; same conclusion applies.
Grotto Huet series, Golfe Juan
Submarine cave opening at -30ni on cliff wall of submerged reef le
Secanion (43° 32' 29" N Lat, 7° 6' 7" E Long) offshore Juan les Pins,
Alpes Maritimes. At base of cave, 18m from entrance, continental deposits hardened in breccia and covered with flowstone dated older to
younger Dryas 14,690 s.r. (l.y-403) and 10,500 im,. (Ly-404) by J. Evin.
Free divers manually cored silty marine sediments beneath porch of cave
and found many shells; subm. 1972 by H. de Lumley.
2670 ± 90
MC-535. Grotte Huet 3 C, 50cm
Gastropod shells, water depth 27.50m.
720 B.C.
3810 ± 70
MC-538. Grotte Huet 9 C, 160cm
1860 B.C.
Lamellibranch shells and opercula of Turbo, water depth 28.60m.
MC-539. Grotte Huet 11 C, 200cm
Lamellibranch shells, water depth 29m.
4340 ± 100
2390 B.C.
4900 ± 100
MC-543. Grotte Huet 25 C, 270cm
2950 B.C.
Gastropod and lamellibranch shells, water depth 29.70m.
5000 ± 100
MC-544. Grotte Huet 26 C, 280cm
3050 B.C.
Gastropod and lamellibranch shells, water depth 29.80m.
5480 ± 100
MC-545. Grotte Huet 27 C, 300cm
3530 B.C.
Gastropod and lamellibranch shells, water depth 30m.
6050 ± 130
MC-546. Grotte Huet 28 C, 315cm
4100 B.C.
Gastropod and lamellibranch shells, water depth 30.15m.
General Comment (H.L.): invasion of Flandrian sea in cave occurred
during Preboreal or Boreal.
334
J.
Thomnicret and
Y.
Tliommeret
B. Other Countries
Capo Mele series, Ligurian Sea, Italy
Calcareous organic matter from Core DRA P 10 (43° 55' N Lat,
8° 14' E Long) in Ligurian Sea, offshore Capo Mele, water depth 284m.
Coll. and subm. 1968 by C. Vergnaud-Grazzini, Lab. Geol. Dynamique,
Fac. Sci., Paris.
18,300 ± 300
16,350 B.C.
MC-249A. Capo Mele 1
Tests of Madreporeans (Retepora cellulose) in top of sediment.
16,800 ± 500
14,850 B.C.
MC-249B. Capo Mele 2
sample,
A.
Diluted
as
MC-249
horizon
from
same
Serpulid tubes
48% inactive gas.
27,400 ± 1100
25,450 B.C.
MC-286. Capo Mele 3
Mixed marine shells, 415 to 420cm in core.
> 35,000
MC-288. Capo Mele 4
core
(depth
>
Lamellibranch shells and serpulid tubes at base of
480cm).
General Comment (C.V.G.): mean paleotemperature of sea surface (+9°C)
recorded on foraminiferal species from whole core, lower ca. 10°C from
mean present surface temperature, indicates complete deposit of sediment
during cold Wiirm III and agrees with dates (Vergnaud-Grazzini et al.,
1970).
3200 ± 90
1250 B.C.
MC-336. Lignano Beach, North Adriatic Sea, Italy
Marine shells of submerged beach offshore Lignano barrier (45° 42'
N Lat, 13° 14' E Long), water depth not > 10m. May date old coastline.
A. Stefanon, Ist. Biol. Mare, Venezia, Italy.
Coll. 1967 and subm. 1969
.by
Mar Menor series, Murcia, Spain
Marine shells (mostly Cardium) of Cores M 6, M 45, M 47, M 61, in
coastal lake Mar Menor, Prov. Murcia, Spain. Coll. 1969 and subm. 1971
by J. Simonneau, Centre Recherches Sed. Marine, UER Sci. Perpignan,
Pyrenees Orientales.
3600 ± 80
MC-470. Mar Menor M 6, 66 to 119cm
1650 B.C.
Shells (Cerithium vulgaturn) Core M 6 (37° 40' 22" N Lat, 0° 53'
30" E Long), 66 to 119cm in core.
MC-471. Mar Menor M 45, 20 to 35cm
8C'4%, = + 99 ± 15
Shells (Ca)-dim) Core 1\1 45, (37° 40' N Lat, 2° 56' 35" L Long).
MC-472.
Mar Menor M 45, 35 to 55cm
8C 14%0
= + 40
±8
Monaco Radiocarbon Measurements IV
MC-473.
Mar Menor M 45, 70 to 91cm
MC-474.
Mar Menor M 45, 125 to 149em
335
1420 ± 80
A.D.
530
2200 ± 100
250 B.C.
2700 ± 100
Mar Menor M 45, 149 to 180em
750 B.C.
MC-476. Mar Menor M 47, 0 to 24cm
SC1`'%C = 4- 7 ± 7
Shells (C(rdium), Core M 47 (37° 40' N Lat, 00 55' 26" L Long).
MC-475.
MC-477.
Mar Menor M 47, 70 to 90cm
MC-478.
Mar Menor M 47, 90 to 113cm
635 ± 60
A.D.
1315
2300 ± 90
359B.c.
60 ± 60
MC-480. Mar Menor M 61, 20 to 40cm
A.D. 1890
Shells (Cardium), Core M 61 (37° 43 '23" N Lat, 0° 53' 16" E Long).
MC-481. Mar Menor Al 61, 89 to 147cm
Mixed marine shells.
1600 ± 80
350
A.D.
4690 ± 90
MC-363. Bay of Dumbea, New Caledonia
2740 B.c.
Coral at base of 260cm long Core 9 (22° 13' 30" S Lat, 166° 22' 40"
E Long), water depth 15m Bay of Dumbea. Coll. 1968 and subm. 1970
by J. Launay, ORSTOM, Noumca, New Caledonia. Comment
(J.L.):
although sample was cored in hard coral reef surface, beneath 260cm
of
sediment, no conclusion can be drawn about sea level. A mean rate of
50cm/millennium can be assessed at the site for accumulation of Dumbea
R. sediments (Launay, 1971).
11.
ARCHALOLOGIC SAMPLES
A. France
Abri de Saint Mitre No. 3 series, Basses Alpes
Charcoal from several hearths in No. 3 shelter of Saint Mitre (4353' N Lat, 5° 39' E Long). Coll. and subm. by A. Calvet, CEA, Cadarache,
Bouches du Rhone.
6400 ± 100
MC-263. Abri de Saint Mitre No. 3, 1
4450 B.c.
Layer Y 10, Hearth 3.
6700 ± 130
MC-264. Abri de Saint Mitre No. 3, 2
4750 B.c.
Layer Z 8/9, elliptical Hearth 3: 2xlm covered with 10cm thick
stone layer.
3 36
J. Thommeret and
Y.
Thommeret
6100 ± 120
4150n.c.
MC-265. Abri de Saint Mitre No. 3, 3
Layer Y 11, Hearth 6.
General Comment (A.C.): date, 4000 B.C. (MC-202) for Hearth F 4 in
same shelter suggests continuous human occupation for at least 750 yr.
Dates agree with Cardial pottery sherds (Calvet and Guilaine, 1970).
Shelter of Font-Juvenal series, Conques, Aude
Charcoal from archaeologic layers of rich stratigraphic sequence in
rock shelter of Font-Juvenal (430 17' 46" N Lat, 2° 20' 54" E Long),
Conques, Aude. Coll. and subm. 1971 by J. Guilaine, CNRS, Carcassonne, Aude.
4400 ± 100
2450 B.C.
MC-490. Font-Juvenal, C 2 b
vases
6,
Campaniform
with
H 7),
Charcoal from Layer C 2 b (H
of Pyrenean design.
4200 ± 90
2250 B.C.
MC-491. Font-Juvenal, C 3
by late
characterized
level,
(H
Verazian
C
3
7).
Layer
Charcoal from
Neolithic "pastoral" facies as found in W Languedoc, France.
3620 ± 90
1670 B.C.
MC-492. Font-Juvenal C 4
Charcoal from hearth in Layer
C 4 (H 6). Verazian level.
4490 ± 80
2540 B.C.
MC-493. Font-Juvenal, C 5
present in
groups
Charcoal from Layer C 5 (H 7). Two cultural
chevron
(incised
Ferricres
and
point)
same layer: Gourgasian (awry
adorned pottery).
4570 ± 90
2620 B.C.
MC-494. Font-Juvenal,
Charcoal from Layer C 6 (H 7). Transitional level above Upper
Chassean facies.
C 12
a
4860 ± 90
2910 B.c.
MC-495. Font-Juvenal,
Charcoal from Layer C 7 a (H 7). Upper Chassean facies.
C 7
4800 ± 150
2850 B.C.
MC-496. Font-Juvenal, C 8
Charcoal from Layer C 8 (H 6). Upper Chassean facies.
5350 ± 100
3400 B.C.
MC-497. Font-Juvenal, C 10
Charcoal from base of Layer C 10 (H 8). Furniture pertains to classical Chassean culture of Languedoc, similar to La Madeleine type: engraved ornaments on plates and clear-silex tools.
Lllonaco Radiocarbon Measurements IV
337
5540 ± 100
MC-498. Font-Juvenal, C 11
3590 B.C.
Charcoal from hearth in Layer C 11 (H 8). Chassean horizon with
smooth pottery, anterior to typical "Languedocian" fades.
5850 ± 100
MC-499. Font-Juvenal, C 1.2
3900 B.C.
Charcoal from Layer C 12 (H 8). Epicardial industry anterior to
older Chassean.
General Comment (J.G.): chronologic sequence yields dates for several
Languedocian civilizations at site: Chassean, Gourgasian, Ferrieres, Vcrazian, Campaniform.
B. Italy
12,200 ± 400
Grotte des Enfants, Grimaldi
10,250 B.C.
Shells (Monodonta turbinata) from burial level of female skeleton,
Hearth B, Grotte des Enfants (43° 47' 00" N Lat, 7° 32' 20" E Long),
Grimaldi, near Vintimiglia, Italy. Coll. by E. Riviere and subm. 1971 by
MC-402.
L. Barral, Mus. Anthropol. Monaco. Comment: age agrees with Mesolithic industry and with fauna colder than present (Ce)-vus claphus,
Rrnigifer tarandus
...
C.
Lebanon
Ksar'Aqil series
Bones and terrestrial shells from shelter cave of Ksar'Aqil (33° 55'
N Lat, 35° 37' F Long) Antelias, 10km from Beirut, Lebanon. Coll. 1970
and subm. by J. Tixier, Mus. Hist. Nat., Just. Paleontol. Humaine, Paris
(Praidwood et al., 1951; Tixier, 1970).
14,100 ± 500
MC-411. Ksar'Aqil, I 4, IV-VII
12,150 B.C.
Bones from Layer C, 350 to 355cm. Comment: organic fraction.
Agrees with relative chronology.
MC-410.
Ksar'Aqil, J 8-9,
31)
medium
24,400 ± 900
22,450 B.C.
Terrestrial shells (Helix sp.) from Layer 3b, 280 to 290cnr. Comment:
carbonate fraction. Diasagrees with expected date and should be rejected.
D. Algeria
Medjez II series, Saint Arnaud, Setif
Charcoal from large snailery of El Eulma, S6tif, E Algeria (36° 08'
N Lat, 5° 40' E Long). Continuous stratigraphic layers 365cm thick showing evolution of lithic and bone tools throughout more than 2000 yr
of Upper Capsian civilization. Coll. and subm. 1969 by G. Camps,
LAPEMO, Aix en Provence, France, (Camps et al., 1968).
MC-318.
Medjez II, 10, 100 to 125cm
7030 ± 120
5080 B.C.
J. Tliontnaeret and
338
Y.
Thonanneret
7570 ± 160
5620 B.C.
MC-319.
Medjez II, 11, 125 to 150cm
MC-320.
Medjez II, 12, 150 to 175cm
MC-321.
Medjez, II, 13, 175 to 200cm
MC-322.
Medjez II, 14, 200 to 225cm
MC-323.
Medjez II, 15, 225 to 250cm
MC-325.
Medjez II, 17, 275 to 300cm
5910 B.C.
MC-326.
Medjez II, 18, 300 to 325cm
8550 ± 150
6600 B.c.
8230 ± 130
6280 B.C.
7280 ± 140
5330 B.C.
7610 ± 140
5660 B.C.
7280 ± 120
5330 B.C.
7860 ± 120
8860 ± 150
6910 B.C.
MC-327. Medjez II, 19, 325 to 350cm
chronology
of
site,
rich
in Nlicrocomplete
General Comment (G.C.):
lithie industry, should characterize a regional fades of Upper Capsian:
"Setifian." Cf. R., 1972, v. 14, p. 292, (Camps-Fabrer, 1968).
7920 ± 100
5970 B.C.
Rabah 11, Ouled Djellal, Batna
Terrestrial shells (Helix sp.) from 10 to 20cm from terrace border-
MC-281.
ing Oued Djecli near Ouled Djellal, Batna (34° 26' N Lat, 5° 8' F Long).
Coll. and subm. 1968 by G. Camps.
9180 ± 130
7230 B.C.
Rahah 4, Ouled Djellal, Batna
Terrestrial shells (Helix) from 30 to 40cm in same place as AIC-281.
MC-283.
Comment: date too old to match this Upper Capsian site.
8410 ± 130
6460 B.C.
El Mermouta, Ouled Djellal, Batna
Terrestrial shells (Helix) from Neolithic settlement on border of
Cued Djedi near Ouled Djellal, Batna (34° 35' N Lat, 5° 21' E Long).
Coll. and subm. 1968 by G. Camps. Comment (G.C.): industry is characterized by small and short stone triangles similar to those from Rahah
MC-285.
site.
6880 ± 100
Botma si Mamar, Ouled Djellal, Batna
4930 B.C.
Terrestrial shells (Helix) from Neolithic settlement near Ouled
Djellal, Batna (34° 22' N Lat, 4° 53' E Long). Coll. and subm. 1969 by
MC-328.
G. Camps (Grebenart, 1970).
Monaco Radiocarbon Measurements IV
339
7220 ± 100
Safiet Bou Rhenan, Messad, Medea
5270 B.C.
Terrestrial shells (Helix) from Neolithic settlement near Messad,
Medea (34° 11' N Lat, 3° 31' E Long). Coll. and subm. 1968 by G. Camps.
Comment (G.C.): MC-328 and MC-280 pertain to peculiar Neolithic
facies different from Capsian tradition (Grc)enart, 1970).
5950 ± 100
MC-279. Ain Guettara, Oasis
4000 B.c.
Charcoal from Neolithic settlement of Capsian tradition, S border
of Tademait Plateau, Oasis (28° 02' N Lat, 3° 06' E Long). Coll. and
subm. by G. Camps. Comment (G.C.): agrees with Gif-1223: 3980 li.c.,
unpub.
6290 ± 120
MC-399. Bouh Behl, Oasis
4340 B.C.
Fragments of ostrich eggs in layers of Hadjarian campsite, Bouh
Betel, Oasis (310 48' N Lat, 5° 14' E Long). Lithic industry with geometrical microliths. No pottery. Coll. and subm. 1971 by G. Camps.
Comment: agrees with dates from Protoneolithic facies.
MC-280.
8050 ± 100
MC-400. El Hadjar, dismantled, Oasis
6100 B.C.
Fragments of ostrich eggs at Neolithic settlement, El Hadjar, Oasis
(31° 32' N Lat, 4° 47' 30" E Long). Industry lacking pottery (Hadjarian).
Coll. by G. Aumassip and subm. by G. Camps. Comment (G.C.): date
appears very old compared to charcoal from adjoining Epipalaeolithic
site (Gif-880: 7300 ± 170, R., 1972, v. 14, p. 293) but different stratigraphic position.
6670 ± 100
MC-398. El Hadjar, Oasis
4720 B.C.
Fragments of ostrich eggs, aceramic Neolithic. Coll. by G. Aumassip
and subm. by G. Camps.
7750 ± 100
MC-401. Khellal, Oasis
5800 B.C.
Fragments of ostrich eggs in Saharian campsite of Khellal, Oasis
(30° 31' N Lat, 5° 53' E Long). Coll. by G. Aumassip and subm. 1971
by G. Camps. Comment: only one lithic industry which is poorly typed.
Ahaggar series
Charcoal from heartlis in various sites of Ahaggar area in Central
Sahara (Maitre, 1969). Coll. 1964 to 1967 and subm. by J. P. iylaitre,
LAPEMO, Aix en Provence, France.
6050 ± 120
MC-483. Ahaggar, Timidouin, 155-30
4100 B.C.
Charcoal, 15 to 30cm in Timidouin site (24° 20' N Lat, 5° 35' F
Long), Tefedest, ca. 300km N Tamanrasset, alt. 1800m.
J. Thammeret and
310
Y.
Tlionzmeret
Ahaggar, Timidouin, 155-32
8100 ± 130
6150 B.C.
Ahaggar, Ideles I, 20 to 50cm
6050 ± 100
4100 B.C.
MC-484.
Charcoal, 30 to 60cm in same site as MC-483. Comment: dates of
MC-483 and MC-484 appear rather old in comparison with ceramics.
MC-485.
Charcoal, 20 to 50cm from small cave of Ideles (23° 52' N Lat, 5°
55' E Long) Arechchoum, 200km N NE Tamanrasset, alt. 1450m.
5300 ± 110
3350 B.C.
40cm
MC-486. Ahaggar, Ideles, 25 to
Charcoal, 25 to 40cm in cave of Ideles.
6500 ± 250
4550 B.C.
MC-488. Ahaggar, Tin Amenser
Charcoal, 20 to 70cm in Tin Amenser site (22° 55' N Lat, 5° 06'
E Long) Afedafeda, ca. 40km NW Tamanrasset, alt. 1400m. Comment:
further excavation is expected at site.
3900 ± 100
1950 B.C.
MC-487. Ahaggar, Tamanrasset II
Charcoal, 45 to 50cm level in Tamanrasset site (22° 50' N Lat, 5° 28'
E Long) Oua-Helledjen, 16km NW Tamanrasset, alt. 1470m. Neolithic
industry and remains of Mediterranean flora. Comment: although too
young to agree with ceramics and palynology, date compares with Gif357: 3330 B.P. (R., 1970, v. 12, p. 437).
4320 ± 100
2370 B.C.
Ahaggar, Tadjard Todjdjet
45' N Lat,
site
Todjdjet
(22°
Tadjard
in
20cnr
level
0
to
Charcoal,
5° 30' E Long) Oua-Helledjen 5km AV Tamanrasset, alt. 1350m. Comment: date confirms late Neolithic as expected.
General Coanment: sites dated in Ahaggar stilts. correspond to Neolithic
of Sudan tradition which began early 6th millennium and ended late
1000 n.c., with full development during 4th millennium n.c. (Camps
11IC-489.
et al., 1968).
Ain Dokkara series, Tebessa
Terrestrial shells (Helix) and charcoal from "Escargotiere du Chacal"
a large snail-shell deposit of Ain Dokkara, Tebessa, NE Algeria (35° 20'
N Lat, 8° 16' E Long). Coll. 1968 by C. Roubct and subm. by L. Balout,
Inst. Paleontol. Humaine, Paris. Two sections dated: 1) Ain Dokkara S
sec., cut 1949, 130cm thick, at base of which a human Capsian skeleton
was unearthed by L. Balout; 2) A"in Dokkara N sec. parallel 25cm to N
trench of 1951.
7485 ± 100
5535 B.C.
MC-337. Ain Dokkara, S sec. 30 to 60cm
Helix shells, S section 1949, layer 30 to 60cm.
Monaco Radiocarbon Measnrem(Uts IV
341
7990 ± 100
6040 B.c.
MC-338. Ain Dokkara, S sec. 90 to 110cm
Helix shells.
110 to 130cm
8530 ± 120
6580 B.c.
sec., 90 to 120cm
7090 ± 100
5140 B.c.
M.C-339.
Ain Dokkara,
S sec.
MC-340.
Charcoal.
Ain Dokkara,
S
7260 ± 120
MC-372. Ain Dokkara N sec., 20cm
5310 B.C.
Helix shells, section parallel 25cm S to N trench of 1951.
7280 ± 120
5330 B.c.
MC-373. Ain Dokkara, N sec., 20 to 40cm
Helix shells.
7570 ± 120
5620 B.c.
MC-37 4. Ain Dokkara, N sec., 40 to 60cm
Helix shells.
8030 ± 120
MC-375. Ain Dokkara, N see., 60 to 80cm
Helix shells.
6080 B.C.
8345 ± 120
i\1C-376. Ain Dokkara, N sec., 80 to 100cm
6395 B.C.
Helix shells.
General Comment (L.B.): imperceptible evolution of industry through
1300 yr occupation of this typical Capsian site (Balout and Roubet, 1970).
E. Cambodia
Laang Spean series
Laang Spean cave (12° 51' N Lat, 102° 55' E Long) in Battarnbang
(list., 28km from B., Cambodia, a Neolithic settlement dug in Permian
limestone. Charcoal from 3 out of 9 principal layers in 2 borings 140cm
long. Coll. and subm. 1968 by R. and C. Mourer, Univ. Phnom Penh.
MC.270. Laang Spean, CRS
Charcoal from central boring in upper red layer,
sherds of ornated and shaped stone flakes.
MC-271. Laang Spean, CRa
Charcoal from entrance boring. Upper red layer,
1200 ± 70
750
A.D.
2
to 10cm with
1120 ± 60
830
A.D.
2
to 15cm.
MC-272. Laang Spean, CRb
Charcoal from entrance boring. Red layer, 15 to 30cm.
2450 ± 90
500 B.C.
J. Thommeret and
342
Y.
Thommeret
4000 ± 90
MC-269. Laang Spean, CRM
2050 B.C.
Charcoal from central boring. Red layer, 12 to 30cm. Pottery assoc.
with crude industry of hoabinian type, using large tools and atypical
stone flakes.
3970 ± 90
MC-274. Laang Spean CRc
2020 B.C.
Charcoal from entrance boring. Lower red layer under 30cm.
6240 ± 70
MC-273. Laang Spean, CN
4290 B.C.
Charcoal from central boring. Black layer, 30 to 50cm with burnt
bones, crude tools and few pottery sherds.
General Comment (C.-M., R.M.): uninterrupted occupation of cave from
5th millennium to 9th century. Ceramics in black layer dated 4290 B.c.
(MC-273) shows that Neolithic in SL Asia is older than formerly supposed (Mourer et al., 1970).
III. MISCELLANEOUS SAMPLES
200 ± 30
MC-418. Paper
A.D. 1750
Cloth paper from old Archives dated 1749. Coll. and subm. 1970
by J. Thommeret. Com ment: test of accuracy for recent samples.
Atmospheric radiocarbon activity series, Monaco
This series of C"I content measured in atmospheric
CO_ periodi-
cally coll. on roof of Mus. Occanog. Monaco (43° 43' N Lat, 7° 25' L'
Long) alt. 80m, is continuation of previous results (R., 1966, v. 8, p.
290-291; R., 1969, v. 11, p. 127-128).
Sample no.
Coll. date
8C14,1/
MC-261.
MC-310.
MC-311.
MC-312.
MC-313.
Aug.
1968
15
Feb.
1969
15
May
1969
15
Aug.
Nov.
1969
15
1969
15
MC-390.
April 1970
15
MC-391.
MC-392.
MC-393.
MC-394.
Aug.
Nov.
15
March
July
1971
1971
10
MC-395.
MC-547.
MC-548.
Nov.
1971
1972
1972
10
April
Aug.
1970
1970
15
+515
-!-
15
10
10
Monaco Radiocarbon Measurements IV
343
Seawater series
This series continues the list of previous results (R., 1969,
v. 11,
p. 128).
MC-267. Seawater 2000m
Coll. May 1968, 20km S Monaco.
8Cr4%o
= + 20 ± 7
MC-419. Seawater 1700m
Coll. June 1971, 20km S Monaco.
6C14%o
= +19 ±
MC-550. Seawater 2500m
Coll. June 1972, 30km S Monaco.
8C"
-50
7
± 10
Correction
In previous list of seawater nicasurements (ibid., above) values given
as C1 4
j
should be 8C14%,.
REFERENCES
Balout, L. and Rouhet, C., 1970, Datation radiometrique de 1'homme Capsien de
I'A7n Dokkara ct de son gisement: Lybica, v. 18, p. 23.
Bellaiche, G., 1971, Les depots gvaternaires immerges du Golfe de Frcjus (Var), comparaison avec d'autres formations quaternaires sons-marines des totes francaises
de la Mcditerranee. Nouvelles donnccs fournies par les datatious an carbolic 14:
Internatl. sedinicn1. tong. 11cidclberg, Aug. 1971.
Bellaiche G. et al., 1969 Paleogcographie quaternaire du Golfe de Frcjus (Var), Etudes
stn- le quatcruaire daps le monde: 8th internatl. INQUA Gong. Paris, Aug. 1969,
v. 1, p. 165-178.
Blanc, J., Froget, C., and Gicn, C., 1967, Geologic littorale et sous-marine daps la
region de Marseille. Relation avec les structures de ]a Basse Provence: Geol. Soc.
France Bull., v. 9, p. 561-571.
Bonifay, E., Courtin, J., and Thommeret, J., 1971, Datation des deruiers stades de la
transgression versilicnue (tans la region de Marseille: Acad. sci. [Paris] Comptes
rcndus, v. 273, p. 2042-2014.
Braidwood, R., Wright, H. E., and Ewiug, J. F., 1951, Ksar'Agil its archaeological
sequence and geological setting: Near Eastern studies jour., v. 10, p. 112-122.
Calvet, A. and Guilaiue, J., 1970,
.Nouveaux points de chronologie absolue pour le
ucolithique ancien de la Mediterrance occideutale: 1'Anthropologie Paris, v. 74,
no. 1-2, p. 85-92.
Camps, G., Delibrias, G., and Thommeret, J., 1968, Chronologie absolve Ct successions des civilisations prehistoriques clans le Nord de 1'Afrique: Lybica, v. 16,
p. 9-28.
Camps-Fabrer, II., 1968, Le Gisement du Capsien supcrieur de Medjez II (El Eulma),
departemcnt de Sctif, Algerie: l'Anthropologie, v. 72, p. 479-488.
Courtin, J. and Froget, C., 1970, La station ncolithiquc de 1'Ile Riou (Sud de Marseille,
B. du R.) Etude geologique et archeologique: Mus. Anthropol. prchist. Monaco,
Bull., no. 15, p. 147-157.
Delibrias, G., Guiller, M. T., and Labeyrie, J., 1970, Gif natural radiocarbon measurements V: Radiocarbon, v. 12, p. 421-443.
1972, Gif natural radiocarbon measurements VII: Radiocarbon, v. 14,
p. 280-320.
Froget, C., Thommeret, J., and Thommeret, Y., 1972, Mollusques septentrionaux en
Mcditerrance occideutale. Datation par le carbone 14: Palaeogeog-raphy, Palacoclimatology, Palacoecology, Antsterdam, v. 12, no. 4, p. 285-293.
Grcbenart, D., 1970, Problemes du Neolithique pros d'Ouled Djellal et de Djelfa:
Botrna si Maniar et Safiet Bou Rhenan: Lybica, v. 18, p. 47-66.
Lavuay, J., 1971, La sedimentation en Baie de Dvmbea, tote oucst, Nouvelle Caledonia:
Pub. ORSTOM, Centre de NoumCa, New Caledonia, p. 1-48.
344
J. Thommeret and
Y.
Thommeret
Maitre, J. P., 1969, IX° mission prehistorique en Ahaggar: Lybica, v. 17, p. 395-402.
Monaco, A., 1971, Contribution a l'etude geologique et scdirnentologique du Roussillon
(Golfe du Lion): Thesis, Univ. sci. et techn. tin Roussillon, Montpellier.
Monaco, A. and Thommeret, J., 1969, Stir Page des afflcurements rocheux (In plateau
continental du Roussillon: Acad. sci [Paris] Comptes rendus, v. 268, p. 213-215.
Monaco, A., Thommeret, J., and Thommeret, Y., 1972, L'age des depots quaternaires
stir le plateau continental du Roussillon (Golfe du Lion): Acad. sci. [Paris]
Comptcs rendus, v. 274, p. 2280.
Mourer, C., Mourer, R., and Thommeret, Y., 1970, Premieres datations absolues de
l'habitat prChistorique de la Grout tie Laang Spean, province de Battambang,
Cambodge: Acad. sci. [Paris] Comptcs rendus, v. 270, p. 471-473.
Thommeret, J. et al., 1969, Ensemble tie comptage et d'impression automatique
utilise pour la datation par la mcthode du carbonc 14: Rcpt. CEA-R 3702.
Tixier, J., 1970, L'abri sons roche de Ksar'Agil, Beyrouth (Liban). La campagne de
fouilles 1969: Mus. Beyrouth, Bull., N. 23, p. 173-191.
Vergnaud-Grazzini, C. et al., 1970, Note preliminaire a 1'etude ties faunes froides immergCes du Golfe de Genes: Cali. Occanog., v. 22, p. 147-154.
[R AnIOCARRON, VOL. 15, No. 2, 1973, I'. 345-3491
NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY
RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS II
YUIN-CHI HSU, MUH-CHEN CHOU, YI-CHUAN HSU,
SONG-YUN LIN, and SHIH-CHONG LU*
Department of Physics, National Taiwan University,
Taipei, Taiwan, China
The C" dates givers below have been obtained by counting CO_
at 2 atm pressure in a 1 L proportional counter. Details of procedure
are given in our previous list (R., 1970, v. 12, p. 187-192). Radiocarbon
dates in this list are based on 95'I of activity of NBS oxalic acid as the
modern standard and were calculated using 5570 yr as the half-life of
C''. Errors quoted with the dates are standard deviation originating from
the statistical nature of radioactive disintegration process. Results obtained during 1970 and 1971 are described here.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by the National Council on Science Development.
SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS
1.
GLOLOGIC SAMPLES
A.
Japan
1370 ± 40
A.D. 580
NTU-124. Hirogami
Bogwood from landslide area, Hirogami, Niigata, Japan (37° 20'
N Lat, 139° 00' E Long), at Om depth. Coll. and subm. 1969 by S.
Yamaguchi, Disaster Prevention Inst., Kyoto Univ. Comment (S.Y.):
date approximates landslide (Yamaguchi and Lin, 1971).
B. China
Hwalien series
Shell and coral of coral reef from Hwalien harbor, Taiwan (23° 59'
N Lat, 121' 32' E Long). Coll. 1951 and subm. 1971 by C. C. Lin, Dept.
Geol., Natl. Taiwan Univ.
1512 ± 45
NTU-159. Hwalien 1
Coral, at +3m, 2.5m depth.
A.D.
438
1052
-!-
32
A.D. 898
NTU-166. Hwalien 2
Shell, at +3m, lm depth.
General Comment (C.C.L.): dates coral reef overlying Milun Formation
(Lin, 1969) unconformably and is overlain by the Chara-Melanoides Clay
*
Observation 1)ivision, Central weather Bureau, Taipci, Taiwan, China.
345
Yuin-Chi Hsu et al.
346
and Sand Member of the Peipin Formation (Lin, 1969). Dates are
geologically reasonable.
Hengchun series
Coral of coral reef from Wangsa village, Hengchun, Taiwan (22°
03' N Lat, 120° 45' E Long), at +35m. Coll. and subm. 1971 by C. C. Lin.
1
>30,000
NTU-162. Hengchun 2
Ca. 1.5m depth.
>30,000
NTU-161. Hengchun
Ca. I m depth.
>30,000
NTU-163. Hengchun 3
Ca. 3m depth.
General Comment (C.C.L.): dates are minimum for isolated Pleistocene
emerged coral reef, overlain by laterite soil (with gravel), and underlain
by Plio-Pleistocene arenaceous limestone of Maopitou Formation (Lin,
1967). Dates are expected.
Taitung series
Coral and shell of emerged coral reef from Taitung area. Coll. 1960
and subm. 1970 by C. C. Lin.
3820 ± 115
1870 B.C.
NTU-150. Taitung 1
Coral from Tanman, Changpin, Taitung, Taiwan (23° 13' N Lat,
121' 24' E Long), at +20m, 0.5m depth.
6132 ± 184
NTU-151. Taitung 2
4182 B.C.
Coral from Chiwen village, Taitung, Taiwan (23° 08' N Lat, 121°
23' E Long), at +35m, ca. 0.5m depth.
1643 ± 49
NTU-152. Taitung 3
A.D.3O7
Coral from Chiten village, Taitung, Taiwan (23° 07' N Lat, 121°
22' E Long), at +20m, ca. 0.5m depth.
E
1950 ± 59
NTU-153. Taitung 4
A.D.O
Coral from Chengkung, Taitung, Taiwan (23° 06' N Lat, 121' 22'
Long), at ca. +35m, ca. 1.5m depth.
E
3221 ± 97
NTU-154. Taitung 5
1271 B.C.
Coral from Chengkung, Taitung, Taiwan (23° 06' N Lat, 121' 22'
Long), at ca. + 15m, ca. 2m depth.
National Taiwan University Radiocarbon Measurements II
347
9234 ± 277
7284 B.C.
NTU-158. Taitung 6
Coral from Fukang valley, Taitung, Taiwan (22° 48' N Lat, 121°
1' E Long), at + 15m, ca. 2m depth.
2349 ± 70
399 B.c.
NTU-165. Taitung 7
Shell from Chiwen village, Taitung, Taiwan (23° 08' N Lat, 121°
23' E Long), at +35m, ca. 0.5m depth. Comment (C.C.L.): younger
than expected.
General Comment (C.C.L.): samples expected to date emerged coral
reefs. Except for NTU-165, dates are acceptable.
1
If. ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES
China
Changpin series
>15,000
NTU-125. Changpin 4
Charcoal from LHVI (Sung, 1969) cave, Changpin, Taitung, Taiwan
(23° 24' N Lat, 121 ° 25' E Long), at +100m, ca. 3.35111 to 3.55m depth.
Coll. and subm. 1970 by W. H. Sung, Dept. Archaeol. and Anthropol.,
Natl. Taiwan Univ. Comment (W.H.S.): this sample was obtained from
geologically and culturally earlier horizon of Changpin culture. Four
C14 dates, NTU-69-71 (Hsu et al., 1970) and Y-2638 (Sung, 1969) of the
latest phase of this culture range from 5000 to 6000 yr B.P. Thus, present
date not only agrees with above-mentioned dates but also with estimate
of W. H. Sung (1969), that earlier please of Changpin culture must go
back to Pleistocene.
111.
C14
GEOPHYSICAL SAMPLES
in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
Atmospheric radiocarbon activity series, Taipei
Cl4 content in ground level atmospheric CO2 is monitored monthly
at Taipei, Taiwan (25° 02' N Lat, 121° 32' E Long). The following
list contains exposure time at NaOH solutions to air and per cent increase of CI4 above 95% NBS oxalic acid. Data are graphed in Fig. 1.
The statistical error is less than 1%.
Exposure time
Sample no.
NTU-113
NTU-114
NTU-115
NTU-116
NTU-117
NTU-118
NTU-119
15
15
15
15
18
16
15
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
- 20 Jan.
- 21 Feb.
- 20 May.
- 21 Apr.
- 23 May
- 22 June
1968
+55.9
l'ltbi-Clti Hsut ci al.
348
Exposure time
Sample no.
NTU-120
NTU-121
NTU-122
20 Sept.
Ni U-123
NTU-126
NTU-127
NTU-128
NTU-129
NTU-130
NTU-131
NTU-132
NTU-133
NTU-134
NTU-135
NTU-136
NTU-137
NTU-138
NTU-139
NTU-140
NTU-141
NTU-142
NTU-143
NTU-144
NTU-145
NTU-146
NTU-147
NTU-148
18
Oct.
15
Nov.
17
Dec.
15
Jan.
15 Feb.
16
16
16
Mar.
Apr.
May
17 June
15
Aug.
15
Sept.
15
Oct.
15
Nov.
15
Dec.
15
Jan.
14 Feb.
Mar.
15 Apr.
15 May
15
15
June
15 July
15 Aug.
14 Sept.
14 Oct.
15 Nov.
14 Dec.
- Sept.
- Oct.
- 20 Nov.
- 22 Dec.
- 21 Jan.
- 21 Mar.
- 21 Apr.
- 21 May
June
- 21 Aug.
- Sept.
- Oct.
- 20 Nov.
- 20 Dec.
- 20 Jan.
- 21 Mar.
- 20 Apr.
- 21 May
June
- 20 July
- 20 Aug.
- Sept.
- 20 Oct.
- 20 Nov.
- 20 Dec.
0
25
22
21 Feb.
21
+54.2
1969
21
21
18 Feb.
21
1970
21
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
J
i-
1970
FMAMJ
J
ASONDJ FMAMJ
1968
J
ASONDJ FMAMJ
1969
-h
J
ASONDJ
1970
Fig. 1. C" enrichment over NBS standard of atmospheric CO2 during 1968 to
at Taipei, Taiwan 25' 02' N Lat, 121° 31' E Long).
National Taiwan University Radioca7-bon Measurements II
349
REFERENCES
Hsu, Y. C. et al., 1970, National Taiwan University radiocarbon measurements I:
Radiocarbon, v. 12, p. 187-192.
Lin, C. C., 1967, Quaternary of Taiwan VIII, Quaternary system of the Hengchun
Peninsula: Rept., Natl. Council on Sci. Development.
1969, Holocene geology of Taiwan: Acta Geol. Taiwanica, no. 13, Dec.,
p. 83-126.
Sung, AV. H., 1969, Changpin: a newly discovered Preceramic culture from the Agglomerate Caves on east coast of Taiwan: Newsletter Chinese Lthnol., no. 9.
Yamaguchi, S. and Lin, T. H., 1971, The decision of moving cycle of landslide in
past time by the age measurement of bogwood obtained from landslide area:
Landslide, N. 7, p. 1-6.
[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 15,
No. 2, 1973, P. 350-366]
OHIO WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY
NATURAL RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS V
J. GORDON OGDEN, III* and RUTH J. HAY
Department of Botany and Bacteriology, Ohio Wesleyan University,
Delaware, Ohio
INTRODUCTION
The following list of determinations is compiled from samples prepared since publication of our last (Lite list (R., 1969, v. 11, p. 137-149)
and includes sample measurements through July, 1970. The Radiocarbon
Laboratory was dismantled and transported to Halifax, Nova Scotia,
where it will resume operation as the Dalhousie University Radiocarbon
Dating Laboratory.
Equipment and operating procedures for samples reported in this
(late list are the same as described earlier (R., 1964, v. 6, p. 340). Unless
noted otherwise, all samples are pretreated with hot 2% NaOH and 10",o
HCI. Samples of archaeologic charcoal are subjected to an additional pretreatment to remove rootlet cellulose following the Haynes method
(1966). Purity of sample CO, and CH1 is checked with a gas chromatograph. Methane samples are stored for one month to permit decay of
radon prior to counting.
Ages are quoted with a 1Q counting error which includes statistical
variation of sample count as well as that for background and contemporary standard. The half-life value is 5568 yr, and reference year is 1950.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
It
is a special pleasure for the
authors to acknowledge the advice and
assistance of George H. Growl in interpretation of geologic samples, and
to George W. Burns for numerous identifications of wood samples, not
only in this report, but through the years of operation of the laboratory.
Thanks are also due to William C. Hart for technical assistance in
the operation and maintenance of the laboratory. The support of the
National Science Foundation (GB-7485) is gratefully acknowledged.
SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS
1.
GEOCHEMICAI. SAMPLES
OWU-333. Plant opal #3
8C'4 = 105.72 ± 1.60%
Opal phytolitlts extracts from surface horizon (0 to 18cm) of welldrained Brunizem soil (Warsaw silt loam) from terrace along Mad River
Valley, W-central Ohio. Previous samples, OWU-317 (R., 1969, v. 9,
p. 140) and 1-2277 indicated that level of oxidation pretreatment was
controlling factor in determining sample age. OWU-333 was pretreated
with boiling N chromic acid, ground, and then retreated with chromic
acid. Coll. and subm. by L. P. Wilding. Comment (J.G.O.): not signifi1
*
Present address: Department of Biology, 1)alhousie University, Halifax, Nova
Scotia.
350
J. Gordon Ogden,
III and Ruth J. Hay
351
candy different from OWU-317, despite increased rigor of oxidation pretreatment.
Sample Contamination Series I
First of a series of tests to determine penetrability of charcoal samples to rootlets, and possibility of contamination of archaeologic and
geologic samples in the root zone of plants.
Four clay pots 20cm diam., 15cm soil depth, vol of soil 1800cm' were
filled with a uniform mixture of screened (3.2mm mesh) soil, consisting
of 50% sand, 50°70 Perlite by volume. Two of the pots included a layer
of spruce wood charcoal (40g) of known age (OWU-398). All 4 pots were
planted to a uniform density (ca. 200 seeds) with wheat (T)'iticum sp.)
and placed in Dept. of Botany greenhouse on 3 March, 1969. After 6
weeks' growth, plants were harvested by clipping, and charcoal was handpicked from root mass surrounding charcoal. Small rootlets were handpicked from charcoal under a low power dissecting microscope. Results
are shown in Table 1. Conzrnent (J.G.O.): results indicate that the small
pore space of gymnosperm traclieids (average 7µ) were not significantly
invaded by rootlets, and confirm that carbonized charcoal is unavailable
to arrgiosperni plants. Future experiments will include the use of ringporous angiosperm wood (e.g., Oak, O)ne)-cu.s spp.), and limiting water
such that the charcoal may provide a "reservoir" of water for plant
growth. Previous studies on archaeologic samples, e.g. OWU 92 (R., 1965,
v. 7, p. 172) show that rootlet penetration of archaeologic samples is a
serious source of error.
TABLE
I
Sample Contamination Series I
Sample no.
OWU-398
OWU-399
OWU-100
O\\'-401
Material
Indiana spruce-charcoal
Pot 1 + 2 Wheat (Triticunr. sp.)
(-i- Indiana wood charcoal)
Pot 3 + 4 Wheat (T)-iticrnn sp.)
(no charcoal)
Indiana spruce charcoal, rootlets
hand picked from Pots 1 and 2
Age
17,030 ± 550
= 158 2.4
BCC-'
158
0
.69(1(')
16,870 ± 820
OWU-455. Modern Seirpus seeds
SC" = 171.8 ± 4.5%
Contemporary sample of Scirpus robust us seeds coll. 5 Dec., 1968 in
Death Valley Nat. :Monument (35° 41' N Lat, 116° 25' W Long) and
subm. by P. J. Mehringer. Continent (J.G.O.): previous sample of handpicked Scirpus seeds from 58 to 64cm in Core IV in archaeologic context
gave C1 measurement of bC1
103.8 ± 3.8°J% (OWU-320). Similar
sample by Isotopes, Inc. dated 1-3766, 4740 ± 110, additional sample
was run to check for possible isotopic fractionation by Sci.rpus. Since
OWU-455 is not significantly different from winter, 1968 atmospheric
J. Gordon Ogden, III and Rnth J. Hay
levels of C14, it is concluded that small sample size (0.22g seeds) and large
sample dilution precluded accurate determination.
352
II. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES
13,695 ± 460
11,745 B.c.
OWU-321. Akron mastodon
with partial
Burns,
assoc.
sample,
id.
G.
Spruce wood, new
by
W.
skeleton of mastodon excavated daring building construction near Akron,
Ohio (40° 2' N Lat, 81° 38' W Long). Coll. and subm. by J. D. Speth.
Comment (J.G.O.): sample run to test discrepancy between previous determinations from site (OWU-190, R., 1969, v. 11, p. 137) and M-1971,
which showed 13,300 ± 600 yr n.e. Although all determinations are within 2Q, new date closely agrees with Michigan determination.
370 ± 105
A.D. 1580
OWU-334. Tashmoo Beach wood
Red Maple stump, id. by G. W. Burns, ca. 20m offshore from mean
high-water mark off NW coast of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, with
root crown ca. 120cm below mean high tide (41° 26 N Lat, 70° 38' W
Long). Coll. and subm. by J.G.O.
700 ± 110
A.D. 1250
OWU-335. Tashmoo Beach peat
Fibrous woody peat in which OWU-334 was rooted. Pollen analysis
shows typical red-maple-swamp assoc. of red maple (Acer), willow (Salix),
Ericaceae, sedge, fern and Sphagnum spore (Ogden, 1961). Comment
(J.G.O.): at present, nearest red-maple assoc. is 0.5km inland from sample site. Because of swift tides and exposed location subject to storms, the
sea level that killed the tree was probably 20 to 30cm below level of root
crown, and that preservation was due to regression of a barrier beach
over site.
OWU-336.
Grane Langs¢, Denmark
3830 ± 205
1880 B.C.
Core sample, Sec. 8, 157-164cm depth, from Grane Langso, Denmark
(52° 2' N Lat, 9° 27' F Long). Detritus gyttja, with small plant fragments.
Coll. and subm. by M. Whiteside. Comment (M.W.): pollen and other
data indicate that radiocarbon dates (OWU-336, and LU. 58, 164 to 171cm
depth) for sediments 157 to 171cm are too old. I attribute older dates to
redeposition in benthos of older lake sediments exposed along lake
margin during Sub-Boreal time (Whiteside, 1970, p. 109).
Lake Erie series
Part of systematic sediment sampling operation by Ohio Geol. Survey, W of Middle Bass I. Coll. by C. E. Herdendorf and subm. by C. E. H.
and J. L. Forsyth.
4270 ± 210
OWU-318-bis. Station WR-31J
2320 B.c.
Rerun of OWU-318, originally dated 4335 ± 135. Comment
Ohio JVeslcyan University Vatural Radiocarbo1i iVlcasai'emnents
V
353
(J.G.O.): similarity of 2 determinations confirms probability that sample
represents flooding of 13m level below present surface of Lake Erie (see
R., 1969, v. 11, p. 141).
9940 ± 315
7490 B.C.
OWU-350. Station WR-33J
Continuation of samples previously reported (R., 1969, v. 11, p. 141).
Sample from 1.9m below base in llm water.
5087 ± 175
3147 B.C.
Sample from 2.8m below base in 11.2m water, Comment (J.L.F.): all
samples (OWU-318/318-bis; -319; -350; -351) come from approx. same
level (-13m) below surface of Lake Erie. Stratigraphic uniformity suggests that a past near-surface position was maintained from ca. 9000
(OWU-350) to ca. 4000 (OWIJ-31) yr P.P. I interpret uniformity of depth
of these 4 samples, throughout this time to represent a lowering of the
lake level during the Xerothermic Interval, a lowering that just balanced over all postglacial isostatic rise of lake level evident before and
following this time (cf. Lewis, 1969, fig. 12). With return of moister
climate, lake level apparently rose rapidly (7.6m in 500 yr) in response
to both climatic and isostatic changes. Return to more normal lake-level
rise is documented from Point Pelee Pond (Lewis, 1969) and from Terwilliger's Pond, on S Bass 1. (OWU-275, Ogden and Hay, 1969).
OWU-351.
Station W-34J
7590 ± 200
5640 B.C.
Mt. Gilead Beaver site
Beaver-gnawed wood from commercial peat excavation, 1.07m below
surface near Mt. Gilead, Ohio (40° 30' N Lat, 83° 52' W Long). Wood
(crushed) tentatively id. as Asli (Fraxin.ns) by G. W. Burns. Coll. and
subm. by G. H. Crowl.
OWU-394.
19,850 ± 765
17,900 B.C.
OWU-452.
1-71/1-270 in
from
Intersection
Spruce wood, id. by G. W. Burns,
Southwest Columbus
SW Columbus, Ohio (39° 53' 30" N Lat, 83° 2' 10" W Long). Coll. by
G. H. Growl and W. D. Sevon, subm. by G. H. Growl. Comment (G.H.C.):
sample relates to same late Wisconsin events as OWU-256/257 (R., 1969,
v. 11, p. 139), and OWU-488, this list. Dates are consistent with last major ice advance in region.
10,890 ± 275
8940 B.C.
OWU-487. Cleveland (Lake Wayne) Beach
Unid. wood fragments in channel sand, below foreslope beach gravel
at depth 3.7m below present lake level. Recovered from building excavation between Euclid and Chester Aves. (41° 30' 8" N Lat, 81° 47' 29" W
Long). Relevant dates; 1-2917 (wood, Euclid Ave.) 11,200 ± 170. Coll. by
T. Lewis and subm. by R. P. Goldthwait.
354
J. Gordon Ogden,
III and Ruth J. Hay
19,303 ± 1080
OWU-488. Reeseville Moraine buried silt
17,353 B.c.
Charcoal fragments in silt from Core B-9 at depth 14m in test coring
for Interstate Bridge FAY-71-0205, Fayette Co., Ohio (39° 36' 18" N Lat,
83° 38' 3" W Long). Relevant dates: OWU-256, same place, within 3cm
depth, 17,340 ± 390, OWU-257, 19,735 ± 475 (R., 1969, v. 11, p. 139).
2520 ± 90
OWU-489. Alaskan Hypsithermal Forest
570 B.c.
Spruce wood, id. by G. W. Burns, from Hypsithermal deposit, Wachusett Inlet (off Muir), Burroughs Glacier (E), Glacier Bay Monument
(58° 57' 49" N Lat, 136° 13' 24" W Long). Relevant dates: 1-22, 1.6km E,
same stratigraphy, 2735 i:- 160, 1-1610, 5km N, same stratigraphy, 2100
± 115. Coll. by R. P. Goldthwait and D. Mickelson. Subm. by R. P.
Goldthwait.
19,535 ± 655
OWU-490. Collins Creek (Bull Run)
17,585 B.c.
Spruce wood, id. by G. W. Burns. N Bank, Sec. 2, in Till 4, 30 to
90cm above bedrock. Wood fragments for this determination from 30cm
below contact with Till 3. Coll. and subm. by R. P. Goldthwait.
III. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES-LAKE AND BOG SEDIMENTATION
Little Round Lake series
Samples from 1.26m sediment core, in Little Round Lake (44° 48' N
Lat, 76° 41' W Long), near Sharbot Lake is SE Ontario. Lake watershed
is just S of divide between Ottawa R. drainage to U and Lake Ontario
drainage to S. Pollen evidence (Ogden, unpub.) indicates that plant succession had proceeded to a closed Boreal forest by the time the lake basin
began to record local pollen rain. Coll. and subm. by J. Terasmae.
715 ± 240
OWU-322. GSC:LRL-1; 0 to 4cm
Homogeneous flocculent algal gyttja.
OWU-323. GSC:LRL-1; 10 to 14cm
Homogeneous flocculent algal gyttja.
A.D.
1235
A.D.
965 ± 310
985
55 ± 220
OWU-324. GSC:LRL-1; 20 to 25cm
Homogeneous black-green algal gyttja.
A.D. 1895
OWU-325. GSC:LRL-1; 30 to 35cm
Homogeneous black-green algal gyttja.
A.D. 1200
OWU-326. GSC:LRL-1; 50 to 55cm
Homogeneous black-green algal gyttja.
A.D. 1085
750 ± 175
865 ± 155
Ohio Wesleyan University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements
V
355
OWU-327.
2090 ± 255
140B.c.
OWU-328.
2740 ± 250
790 B.C.
GSC:LRL-1; 60 to 75cm
Black-green algal gyttja, trace of banding.
GSC:LRL-1; 100 to 105cm
Brownish-black indistinct banded algal gyttja.
2795 ± 190
845 B.C.
OWU-329. GSC:LRL-1; 120 to 125cm
Brownish-black indistinct coarsely banded algal gyttja.
Saylorsburg, Pennsylvania series
As part of a geologic and biogeographic study of late Pleistocene his-
tory of SE Pennsylvania by Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, a series of cores
were obtained from 3 lakes in general area of Saylorsburg, Pennsylvania
(41' 3' N Lat, 75° 7' W Long). The lakes differ in alt., and distance from
late Wisconsin ice front. Pollen stratigrapliic studies will be reported
elsewhere. Coll. by J. G. Ogden, III, G. H. Growl, W. D. Sevon, and W.
C. Hart. Subm. by J. G. Ogden.
Leaps Bog
9560 ± 210
OWU-413. Core LPBG-1: 710-720cm
7610 B.C.
Decomposed forest peat (detritus gyttja) at contact with clay, 10cm
thick, overlying rock.
9900 ± 215
OWU-414. Core LPBG-2: 700-712cm
7950 B.C.
Decomposed woody peat (detritus g)ttja) from 2nd core a few in S
of LPBG-1, which struck rock at 730cm.
12,520 ± 825
OWU-415. Core LPBG-2: 712-719em
10,570 B.C.
Decomposed woody peat (detritus gyttja) at clay contact. Stratigraphy
similar to OWU-413. Small sample diluted with dead methane to fill
counter. Conlnzent (J.G.O.): clue to small sample size, 251' of counter
filling, (late may not be reliable.
Echo Lake
OWU-416.
Core Echo-l: 15-25cm
A.D.
680 ± 120
1273
Elocculent green algal gyttja.
235 ± 85
OWLJ-417. Core Echo-1: 40-50cm
A.D. 1717
Dark green flocculent algal gyttja. At Ambrosia pollen rise.
OWU-418. Core Echo-1: 145-155cm
Green algal gyttja, some plant fragments.
A.D.
640 ± 130
1310
356
J. Gordon Ogden,
III and Ruth J. Hay
1860 ± 135
88
OWU-419. Core Echo-1: 245-255cm
Homogeneous green algal gyttja.
A.D.
2385 ± 160
435 B.C.
OWU-420. Core Echo-1: 345-355cm
Homogeneous green algal gyttja.
OWU-433. Core Echo-2: 50-60cm
Homogeneous green algal gyttja.
A.D.
1280 ± 135
670
Core Echo-2: 70-80cm
A.D.
OWU-434.
Homogeneous green algal gyttja.
Saylors Lake
OWU-437. Core SYL-1: 5-15cm
Green algal flocculent gyttja.
OWU-438. Core SYL-1: 25-30cm
Flocculent green algal gyttja.
Core SYL-1: 50-60cm
OWU-439.
Homogeneous algal gyttja.
735 ± 120
1217
8C14=102.8+2.4%
SC14
=11.6+2.0/0
A.D.
535 ± 155
1415
250 ± 130
1700
A.D.
70-80cm
SYL-1:
Core
OWU-440.
Homogeneous algal gyttja. Field notes indicate possibility that borer
may have opened prematurely, which would cause inclusion of younger
material.
1290 ± 175
A.D. 660
OWU-441. Core SYL-1: 120-130cm
Homogeneous green algal gyttja.
3235 ± 155
1285 B.C.
240-250cm
Core
SYL-1:
OWU-443.
gyttja.
Homogeneous green algal
4800 ± 145
2850 B.C.
OWU-444. Core SYL-1: 340-350cm
Homogeneous green algal gyttja.
General Comment (J.G.O.): all cores bottomed on rock, in gravel or
coarse sand. As pollen stratigraphy is determined, additional dates will
be run on critical horizons. From present evidence, it would appear that
lower portion of valley NWV of Delaware Water Gap was not ice-free
until 12,000 to 13,000 yr ago.
Fayetteville Green Lake series
Meromictic lake, presumably formed as a plunge pool (Hutchinson,
1957), in Green Lakes State Park, Fayetteville, New York (43° 01' N Lat,
76° 00' W Long). Lake has been subject of intensive limnologic, geologic
OWU-349
OWU-347
OWU-348
OWU-345*
OWU-346
Sample
no.
-
Gray marl band-homog
8 thin white marl bands
3 gray marl bands
4 thin white marl bands
Solid gray marl band
Gray marl band
8 thin white bands
Sediment composition
Mcan agc (OWVU 345-349) 4820 90
** Insufficient carbon, diluted with "dead" methane
2.8-6.9
(6.9-12.0)
12.0-14.3
14.3-16.3
(16.3-20.0)
20.0-25.2
0-2.8
Depth
mm
TABLE 2
19
13
9
1
Total
Fayetteville Green Lake, Series A
(Ekman dredge surface sample)
140
120
130
150
130
age
A
-
11
age
vLz
a
a
o'
OWU-354A
OWU-355A
OWU-358A
OWVU-359A
OWVU-360A
54-56
61.5-63.5
90-93
94-96.5
121-124
125.5-128
138-142
OWU-364A
OWU-36413
OWVU-365A
191-212
191-212
287-292
Homogeneous marl gyttja
Marl ages corrected by subtraction 4820 yr (Mean of OWU-345-349).
OWU-362A
OWU-363A
OWU-363B
148-160
160-191
160-191
*
OWU-361A
I
145-148
End of Core Slug
Homogeneous marl gyttja
Organic
Fine greenish laminated marl gyttja
Fine greenish laminated marl gyttja
2 turbidites
Single marl turbidite
Fine grained laminated marl gyttja
Fine grained laminated marl gyttja
Base of large marl turbidite
Fine grained greenish laminated
marl gyttja
Fine grained greenish laminated
marl gyttja
Fine grained greenish laminated
marl gyttja
Fine grained greenish laminated
marl gyttja
Marl turbidite
Fine grained laminated marl gyttja
Fine grained organic
OWU-352A
OWU-353A
0-15
40-51
OWVU-356A
OWVU-357A
Sediment type
Sample no.
cm
Depth
TABLE 3
Fayetteville Green Lake, Series B
Core FAY-I
230
210
240
225
(321,17,
255
sample)
240
560
(637, sample)
200
240
230
245
230
210
225
210
200
290
210
200
180
150
190
180
275
190
165
180
Corrected
140
155
age
Ohio IVesleyan University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements V
359
and geochemical investigations in recent years. Distinct rhythmites are
apparently continuously recorded in sediment stratigraphy, and possibly
annual. Narrow bands of rhythmites are separated by thicker, coarse
bands (turbidites) which apparently reflect turbidity currents and possible recleposition in basin. Two series of samples are reported here to
test possibility of annual deposition, and stratigraphic inversion clue to
turbidity currents.
In Series A, an Ekman dredge (15cm X 15cm) sample was carefully
dried and sectioned with a fine saw. Thickness and sequence of bands
were recorded as samples were removed by scraping for dating. Total
thickness of dried sample was 30mm and contained 35 rhythmites. Dates
are based on marl fractions from phosphoric acid hydrolysis. Two samples (OWU-346B and -349B) yielded a small amount of organic material
which was burned and diluted with (lead methane to bring the samples
up to counter pressure. Because of the large dilutions (40% and 50%
sample, respectively), these dates are considered less reliable. Samples
were run in sequence, and data were pooled to provide a composite date
(OWVU-349C to estimate correction for carbonate dilution on core
samples (Series B).
Series B includes dates from 2 core slugs (1.51m and 1.45m long)
from a core 7.28m long. Additional samples from deeper parts of this
core are available and may be processed in future. Except for OWU363B and -311B, all dates are on marl treated with phosphoric
acid. The
2 samples noted were burned and diluted with (lead methane
to operating
counter pressure (63% and 32% sample, respectively), and are considered
to be less reliable for this reason.
An age correction value (R., 1969, v. 11, p. 144) calculated from
the
unean value of Series A (OWU-395-349) was applied to
all dates as an
estimate of the contribution of Paleozoic carbonate to sediment
sample
ages. Comment (J.G.O.): surprisingly old age of surface samples
(Series A)
indicates that there is relatively little exchange with atmospheric
CO,
from this lake. Phytoplankton productivity must be largely restricted
to
recirculation within the lake waters in the absence of substantial
influx
of carbonate-rich runoff into the lake. Both series indicate
that turbidity
currents and assoc. redeposition from older deposits in the lake
play a
dominant role in the stratigraphy of the sediments, making close-interval
sampling of doubtful value for chronologic inferences.
8765 ± 295
OWU-467. Charles Lake, Indiana
6815 B.C.
Lake located ca. 9km E old Wyerton, Ontario (44° 45' N, 81°
1' W).
Sample from Core CL-8:13.01-13.15m at spruce pollen decline.
Coll. and
subm. by R. E. Bailey. Comment (R.E.B.): date is acceptable
for spruce
pollen decline and compares well with other sites in Northern
Georgian
Bay areas and Bruce Peninsula (Terasmae, 1967).
J. Gordon Ogden,
360
III and Ruth J. Hay
Rockyhock Bay series
Rockyhock Bay, Chowan Co. N. Carolina (36° 10' 6" N Lat, 76° 40'
W Long). A former Carolina Bay now peat filled and forested. Coll. and
subm. by D. H. Whitehead.
6655 ± 170
4705B.c.
1.54-1.58m
OWU-468. RB-66-2-B:
dominated
spectra
pollen
Fibrous gel-mud, no carbonates present,
gum.
by oak, cypress, hickory, black
5810 ± 145
3860 B.C.
OW U-469. RB-66-9-C : 2.10-2.14m
oak.
by
dominated
Pollen
present.
carbonates
no
Gel-mud,
9135 ± 305
7185 B.C.
2.52-2.58m
RB-66-9-E:
OWU-470.
pine.
by
dominated
Olive, mottled lake silt. Pollen
14,300 ± 505
12,350 B.C.
OWU-471. RB-66-10-E: 3.41-3.48m
dominant.
pollen
pine
and
Spruce
silt.
lake
Olive, mottled
13,385 ± 495
11,445 B.C.
3.66-3.73m
OWU-472. RB-66-1-F:
of crushed
fragments
small
Olive mottled silt. Sample contained
W. Burns.
G.
id.
by
angiosperm,
diffuse-porous
as
wood. Tentatively id.
Spruce and pine pollen dominant.
25,020 ± 1215
23,070 B.C.
OWU-473. RB-66-11-A: 4.05-4.10m
Brown organic clay, no carbonates present. Pine, oak, cypress pollen
dominant.
Berry Pond series
Berry Pond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts (42° 30' 20" N Lat, 73° 19'
08" W Long). AH. 600m, surface area 3.9ha. Coll. and subm. by D. H.
Whitehead.
995 ± 135
OW U-474. BP-68-33-B: 1.53.1.58m
Algal gyttja, no marl carbonates present. Pollen
C3/C2 zone boundary.
OWU-475. BP-68-34-B: 2.53-2.57m
Algal gyttja, middle of Pollen Zone C2.
OWU-476. BP-68-35-B: 3.53-3.57m
Algal gyttja, lower portions of Pollen Zone C2.
OWU-477.
BP-68-36-B: 4.53-4.57m
Algal gyttja, below C2/C1 pollen zone boundary.
A.D. 995
evidence indicates
2720 ± 150
770 B.C.
2665 ± 115
715 B.C.
4800 ± 200
2850 B.C.
Ohio IVesleyan University Natur'al Radiocarbon Mcasuremcnts
OW U-478. BP-68-37-B: 5.53-5.57m
Algal gyttja. Pollen Zone Cl.
OWU-479. BP.68-38-B: 6.46-6.50ni
Algal gyttja. Upper pine pollen zone.
BP-68-39-D: 7.16-7.20m
Algal gyttja. Border of pine/spruce pollen zones.
Odt%U-480.
OWU-481. BP-68-39-C: 7.50-7.55m
Clay-gyttja. Spruce pollen zone.
361
V
5400 ± 155
3450 B.c.
7825 ± 295
5875 B.c.
9235 ± 230
7285 B.c.
12,680 ± 480
10,730B.c.
Round Lake series
lake located 8km SSW of Knox, Indiana (41° 14' N, 86° 38' W),
Starke Co., Indiana. Coll. by D. H. Whitehead and R. E. Bailey and
subm. by R. E. B. Laboratory Comment (J.G.O.): samples accessioned as
received but presented here in reverse order to preserve stratigraphic and
chronologic sequence.
OW U-486.
RL-69-19-A: 150.5-154.5cm
Detritus gyttja (Dy).
OWU-485. RL-69-21-A: 345.5-350.5m
Detritus gyttja (Dy).
OWU-481. RL-69-23-A: 520.5-524.5cm
iA Early gyttja.
OWU-483. RL-69-26-A: 870.5-874.5cm
Dark brown gyttja.
A.D.
655 ± 95
1295
3390 ± 125
1440 B.c.
3610 ± 170
1660 B.c.
9345 ± 235
7395 B.c.
9415 ± 230
OWU-482. RL-69-27-A: 955.5-050.5cm
7465 B.c.
Gyttja. Comment (R. E. Bailey): OWU-484 is consistent with pollen
data and implies Xerothermic Interval in profile. Large maximum of
Cephialan1/ius pollen and NAP (non-tree pollen) rise to 20-300/') immediately above this zone, together with closely similar date of OWU-485,
located 1.8m further up core implies possibility of rapid sedimentation
due to lowering of lake level, as suggested by Ogden (1967). OWU-482 is
at spruce pollen maximum and is consistent with other unpublished
sites in Indiana by Bailey and by Williams. Stratigraphy and age similar
to sequence at Silver Lake, Ohio (Ogden, 1966). Overlying OWU-483
may be due to rapid sedimentation.
Minard Lake, Nova Scotia series
Minard Lake, Queen's Co. Nova Scotia (44° 26' N Lat, 65°
10'
W
J. Gordon Ogden, III and Ruth J. Hay
Long). Small, shallow lake, 1.09ha in drumlin field near location of old
ice divide of former South Mountain ice cap (Hickox, 1962; Prest and
Grant, 1969). Sec. from 7.87m water. It was hoped that sediments would
(late dissipation of this ice cap. Coll. and suhm. by J. Railton.
362
SCl`' =108.03 +4.30%
OWU-496. MY-1: 0.5cm
Flocculent algal gyttja. Betila-Pin us-Picea dominants. AP-84%,
Shrub-10°,,o and Herb-611%.
2370 ± 165
420 B.c.
OWU-497. MY-1: 115-120cm
Algal gyttja. Betula-Pinuus-Picea dominants. AP-90%, Shrub-10% and
Herb-3 0.
2980 ± 260
1030 B.c.
OWU-498. MY-1: 244-249cm
Algal gyttja. Pines-Betula-Picea dominants. AP-79% Shrub-12% and
Herb-9°,.
5735 ± 220
3785 B.C.
OWU-499. MY-1: 354-359cm
Gyttja with some clay. Betula-Myrica-Pin its dominants. AP-62%,
Shrub-2811x, and Herb-10%. Cononent (J.R.): sec. 541cm long with pollendepositional hiatus from 370 to 395cm and 405 to 530cm. Dominants at
540cm were RIy)-ica-Betula-Poaceae with AP-32%o, Shrub-37%, Herb-25°,7°
and Crumpled-6%1%,. Dates appear too young and do not agree with pollen
stratigraphy.
Oak Hill Lake, Nova Scotia series
Oak 11111 Lake, Lunenburg Co. Nova Scotia (44° 23' N Lat, 64° 34'
W Long). Small lake, 0.80ba, elongated in FW direction in a drumlin
field and has 3 basins. Core from deepest basin through 6.12m water.
Dated to estimate time of recession of South Mountain ice cap (Hickox,
1962) from its S periphery. Coll. and subm. by J. Railton.
1005 ± 135
A.D. 945
0-1: 0-7.5cm
Flocculent algal gyttja. Betula-Picea.-Pines dominants. AP-78%,
Shrubs-14 i'o and Herbs-8%%o.
4905 ± 225
2955 B.C.
OW U-502. 0-1: 150-1.55cm
Shrubs-7% and
Gyttja. Pinus-Tsuga-Betula dominants. AP-89
O W U-501.
Herbs-4
o.
6230 ± 235
4280 B.C.
OWU-503. 0-1: 225-230cm
Gyttja. Pinus-Picea-Belula dominants. AP-94%, Shrubs-4°J°, and
Herbs-211.`
Ohio lVeslcyan University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements
V
363
8675 ± 835
OWU-504. 0-1: 300-305cm
6724 B.C.
Gyttja with some clay. Pinus-Picea-Betula dominants. AP-84%,
Shrubs-11<j, and Herbs-2'
8250 ± 365
OWU-505. 0-1: 355-360cm
6300 B.C.
Transition from clay gyttja to clay with faint laminations of organic
material. (Lab note: small sample, diluted with dead methane to operating counter pressure). Myrica-Poaceae-Polypodiaceae dominants. AP-15%,
Shrubs-3111;, and Herbs-5P,,. Comment (J.R.): dates appear too young
when compared with pollen stratigraphy. From 365 to 405cm there was
a pollen-depositional hiatus. AP increased at 410 to 425cm along with
some niesophytic species. Latter zone appears to be a pollen stratigraplic
equivalent of the G-zone (Livingstone, 1968).
.
IV. MARINE SEDIMENTATION SAMPLES
Black Sea series
In Spring 1969,
the Wood's Hole Oceanographic Inst. sent a team of
scientists on R/V Atlantis II into the Black Sea for detailed geochemical,
geologic, geophysical, and biologic studies. The Black Sea is the world's
largest anoxic basin and an estimation of the sedimentation rates from
radiocarbon dates is essential to an interpretation of the stratigraphy of
the sediments. Two Kasten cores (15 X 15 x 400cm) were selected for
sampling. Both cores were recovered from the central basin in more than
2000m water. Only the radiocarbon dates are reported here, as detailed
mineralogic and stratigraphic analyses will be reported by the Wood's
Hole Oceanographic Inst. Coll. and subm. by D. A. Ross.
OWU-456.
Black Sea marl:
1464-K, 45.51cm
1410 ± 105
539
A.D.
Core 1464-K (43° 00' N Lat, 35° 28' E Long). CO, generated by
phosphoric acid hydrolysis. Sample size 150g. Sediment laminated calcareous, marly with ca. 100 bands limit thick.
OWU-457.
Black Sea marl:
880 ± 90
1464-K, 74-79.5cm
A.D. 1069
CO, generated by phosphoric acid hydrolysis. Sample size 200g. Sediment banded calcareous ooze, 75 to 100 bands in 5.5cm sample.
OWU-458. Black Sea marl:
2135 ± 110
1464-L, 114.5-117cm
185 B.c.
CO, generated by phosphoric acid hydrolysis, 150g sample. Sediment
banded calcareous ooze, 30 to 50 laminae in 7.5cm.
OWU-460. Black Sea marl:
2180 ± 150
1464-K, 322-325cm
320 B.C.
CO, generated by phosphoric acid hydrolysis, 140g sample. Banded
calcareous ooze, 35 to 50 laminae in 3cm.
J. Gordon Ogden, III and Ruth J. Hay
364
6740 ± 150
Black Sea marl:
4790 B.C.
1464-K, 372-277cm
wide, indis5mm
to
bands
2
ooze/clay
calcareous
contained
Sample
tinct. CO2 generated by phosphoric acid hydrolysis.
OWU-461.
SC" =100.11 + 1.26%
Black Sea marl:
1462-K, 5-12cm
Core (43° 00' N Lat, 33° 00' E Long), CO_ generated by acid hydrolysis. Sample size 200g. Finely banded calcareous sediment with alternating light and dark laminae-top of core homogeneous gray-blue silty
clay, laminae continuous to 23.5cm then blocky silt/clay to 52.5cm laminated to 71cm.
OWU-462.
2040 ± 150
90 B.C.
OWU-463. Black Sea marl: 1462-K, 63.5-71em
CO, generated by acid hydrolysis. Sample size 200g. Coarse 1 to 2mm
laminae above contact with homogeneous blue-gray silty clay (71 to
100cm in core sec.). Comments (J.G.O.): large amounts of sulfide made
sample preparation extremely difficult. Despite pyrolysis at 500°C in a
stream of Nitrogen in attempt to distill elemental sulfur from samples,
several methane reactors were poisoned and no organic carbon samples
were successfully prepared. (D.A.R.): except for 1 date (OWU-457), restilts of determinations on cores 1464K and 1462K are consistent with
stratigraphy and ages of other sediment cores from Black Sea basin. A
more detailed description is given in Ross et at. (1970).
V. ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES
1735 ± 170
A.D. 215
OWU-330. Phillips Mound No. 2, Ohio
Charcoal sample from Sq. 30; 38cm below mound surface (40° 5' 38"
N Lat, 83° 2' 33" W Long). Assoc. with deposits of cremated bones in
same square plane (35' profile). Wood id. as probably ash or hickory by
G. W. Burns. Coll. and subm. by R. S. Baby. Comment (R.S.B.): date
represents construction of earth mound over site of abandoned Hopewell
house and is acceptable. Although several centuries later than the (late
for Phillip',\found No. I (OWU-146: 356 B.C. ± 536) it is still within the
Hopewell range. May represent slightly later Hopewell component.
2630 ± 115
680 B.C.
OWU-331. James Mound, Ohio
Post hole in Sqs. 20L4 and 20I..5 on L4, N-S line (40° 13' 15" N Lat,
82° 57' 24" W Long). Ring-porous angiosperm wood with narrow rays,
probably ash or hickory, id. by G. W. Burns. Coll. and subm. by R. S. Baby.
Comment (R.S.B.): date is acceptable. Sample from post mold of house
pattern typical of Early Adena architecture. Most artifacts from mound
fill are also Early Adena.
Ohio 1Fesleyan University Na/oral Radiocarbon Measurements V
365
OWU-323. Mound City, Ohio
8C14 =106.38% + 1.83%
Mound 23 Fl. Wood charcoal (oak, id. by G. W. Burns) from large
post in SE corner of house pattern, Fl, Posthole #20 (39° 22' 35" N Lat,
83° 00' 15" W Long). Numerous rootlets hand-picked followed by
Haynes (1966) treatment. Comment (R.S.B.): although sample obtained
from post mold of Hopewell charnel house, obviously contaminated by
modern disturbance, probably by Camp Sherman. Date is not acceptable.
OWU-397. Incinerator Village site
8C1' 154.60 + 4.94%
Fort Ancient House site, storage pit charcoal, near Dayton, Ohio
(39° 43' N Lat, 83° 14' W Long). Charcoal fragments id. by G. W. Burns
as ring-porous angiosperm (not oak). Coll. by C. Smith and subm.
by
R. S. Baby. Comment (J.G.O.): 2 preparations of this sample indicate
post-1950 AA). age for charcoal. Date is not acceptable. Apparently sample
contaminated either while it was in the ground or during coll. process.
OWU-448A. Sq. D-1, Feature 13
8C14 =101.8 + 1.71%
Area 2, Group 1, D.13, 1.37ni depth. Wood charcoal fragments probably Hickory, id. by G. W. Burns.
555 ± 100
OWU-448B. Sq. D-1, Feature 13
A.D. 1395
Area 2, Group 1, 1).13, 45 to 60cm depth. Wood charcoal fragments
id. as hickory and ash by G. W. Burns.
OWU-450. Sq. C-l, Feature 12
8C1' =107.50 + 3.20%
Area 2, Group 1, 100 to 115cm. Unidentifiable wood charcoal fragments assoc. with pottery.
OWU-451. Sq. B-2, Feature 4
8C1' =129.39 + 4.26%
Composite sample of small charcoaled wood fragments including
elni, id. by G. W. Burns, from 30, 35, and 40cm depths.
1955 ± 125
OWU-464. La Moreaux Mound, D1-16
5 B.C.
Ash wood charcoal id. by G. W. Burns, from Sq. 45-L2 (A:50L2(s)
4-80 (40° 12' 40" N Lat, 82° 57' 28" W Long). La Moreaux mound
covered an irregular post hole pattern that may represent a series of
screens and scaffolds rather formal house pattern. Sample yielding date
came from charred log near center of mound and 26.8cm below surface
of ]in high structure. Date corresponds with Middle to Late Adena artifacts scattered through mould fill. Coll. and subm. by R. S. Baby.
OWU-465.
Bagley Mound, DL17
A.D.
745 ± 135
1205
Hickory wood charcoal id. by G. W. Burns from Sq. 35R1 (40° 10'
26" N Lat, 82° 58' 12" W Long). Sample included burnt bark of log.
Bagley mound ca. 3km SW of La Moreaux mound, was also built by
Adena Indians over irregular post hole pattern. Should be contemporane-
J. Gordon Ogden, III and Ruth J. Hay
ous with or slightly earlier than La Moreaux site judging from artifacts
recovered and unpaired post hole pattern of house discovered 120m N
mound. Therefore, A.D. 1205 is not acceptable. Apparently charred log
from which sample was taken was contaminated, possibly by a relic collector's excavation trench nearby.
366
REFFRFNCI.S
Haynes, Jr., C. V., 1966, Radiocarbon samples: chemical removal of plant contaminants:
Science, v. 151, p. 1391-1392.
Ilickox, C. F., 1962, Pleistocene geology of the Central Annapolis Valley, Nova ScotiaN. S. Dept. Mines Mem. 5, 36 p.
I-Iutchinson, G. E., 1957, A treatise on limnology, New York, John Wiley and sons,
v. 1, 1015 p.
Lewis, C. F. M., 1969, Late Quaternary history of lake levels in the Huron and Erie
Basins: 12th Conf. of Great Lakes Research Proc., p. 250-270.
Livingstone, 1). A., 1968, Some interstadial and postglacial pollen diagrams from
eastern Canada: Ecol. Mon., v. 37, p. 87-125.
Ogden, III, J. G., 1961, Forest history of Martha's Vineyard 1: Modern and pre-colonial
forests: Am. Midl. Nat., v. 66, p. 417-430.
1966, Forest history of Ohio. I. Radiocarbon dates and pollen stratigraphy
of Silver Lake, Logan County, Ohio: Ohio Jour. Sci., v. 66, p. 387-400.
1967, Radiocarbon determinations of sedimentation rates from hard and
soft-water lakes in northeastern North America: in Cushing, E. J. and Wright,
11. E. W. (eds.), Quaternary Paleoccology, New Haven, Yale Univ. Press, p. 175-183.
Ogden, III, J. G. and Hay, R. J., 1964, Ohio Wesleyan University natural radiocarbon
measurements 1: Radiocarbon, v. 6, p. 340-348.
1965, Ohio Wesleyan University natural radiocarbon measurements II:
Radiocarbon, v. 7, p. 166-173.
1969, Ohio Wesleyan University natural radiocarbon measurements IV:
Radiocarbon, v. 1], p. 137-149.
Prest, V. K. and Grant, D. R., 1969, Retreat of the last ice sheet from the Maritime
Provinces Gulf of St. Lawrence region: Canadian Geol. Survey Paper 69-33, 15 p.
Ross, D. A., Degens, E. T., and Macllvaine, J., 1970, Black Sea: recent sedimentary history: Science, v. 170, p. 163-165.
Terasmac, J., 1967, Postglacial chronology and forest history in the northern Lake
Huron and Lake Superior Regions: in Cushing, E. J. and Wright, H. E. W. (eds.),
op. cit., above, p. 45-58.
Whiteside, M. L., 1970, Danish Chydorid Cladocera: Modern ecology and core studies:
Ecol. Monog., v. 40, p. 79-118.
[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 15,
No. 2, 1973, P. 367-3811
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA RADIOCARBON DATES XV
BARBARA LAWN
Department of Physics and University Museum
University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
INTRODUCTION
'I'his elate list includes most of the archaeologic and geologic
samples
dated in this laboratory since publication of our'
ur last date list (R., v. 12,
p. 577-589), as well as some samples which had previously been
dated,
but lacked the sample information necessary for publication.
Known-age
samples, completed in this time period, will be reported
elsewhere. The
B.P. ages are based upon A.D. 1950, and have
been calculated with the
half-life value of 5568 yr. All samples were counted at
least twice for
periods of not less than 1000 minutes each. Errors quoted
for each sample
are derived from the measurement of the sample, the background,
and of
several counts of our mid-19th century standard oak sample,
but
(10 not
include the half-life error. All samples were pretreated
with 3N HCI, and
some, where noted, were given additional pretreatment
with 2° NaOH
for time removal of possible humic acid contaminants.
Our mid-19th century calibration samples have an average
age of
126 yr. When corrected for this age, they have C''
contents equal to
951/() of the NBS oxalic acid standard.
The average C':' relationship
between the oak standards and the NBS limestone standard
is
-25.7 ± 1.3w, as measured on the University of Pennsylvania mass#20
spectrograph. Where 6013 is reported and the results accordingly
corrected
for isotopic fractionation, the C1:3 relationship has been measured
with
respect to the oak standard.
The MASCA corrected dates, appearing in the sample comments,
have been arrived at by applying appropriate correction
factors to dates
calculated with the 5730 hall-life. The MASCA correction
factors are
based on the C1' dating of almost 200 tree-ring dated
sequoias and
bristlecone pines. In this (late list the corrections used are
those published by Ralph (1971, p. 1-48). It is anticipated that these
correction
factors will become more precise as more tree-ring dated
samples are
processed. It is hoped that composite plots of calibration
curves and
lists of correction factors, based upon the work of the
laboratories of
Univ. of Arizona (Damon et al., 1970, p. 615-618), Univ. of
California,
San Diego, La Jolla (Seuss, 1970, p. .303-311) and Univ. of
Pennsylvania
(Ralph and Michael, 1970, p. 619-623)-more than 500 dates in all-will
be agreed upon in the future.
I wish to thank john Hedrick and Ray Costa for their careful
work
in the processing of these samples.
367
Barbara Lawn
368
SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS
1.
ARCIIAEOLOGIC SAMPLES
A.
Mediterranean
1. Italy
Cosa series
Samples from harbor area at Cosa, Ansedonia, Italy (42° 24' N Lat,
11° 17' E Long). Coll. and subm. 1969 by J. D. Lewis and A. M. McCann,
Am. Acad. in Rome, Italy (Brown, 1951).
303 ± 36
1647
A.D.
P-1594. COH-69-W1
Wood from rib of ship's hull resting in shallow rock shore along
coast of Ansedonia, within confines of harbor. Comment: MASCA corrected date = A.D. 1588.
2020 ± 44
70 B.C.
P-1722. PC-69-W22a
ins
under
buried
situ,
in
(lock
Roman
of
cofferdam
from
Wood
running
lagoon
a
narrow
Burano,
di
Lago
of
end
W
at
mud
and
earth
parallel to the sea just behind the sand dunes. The W end is believed
to be location of an inner harbor connected by a ship-canal to the sea
and protected at the seaward end by a large stone and masonry constructed breakwater. For another date for this cofferdam, see 1-3968,
1925 ± 85 (R., 1970, v. 12, p. 122). Comment: MASCA corrected (late
70 B.e.
2462 ± 71
512 B.c.
P-1723. Roman Forum, Italy
but or
burnt
of
from
debris
thatch
Carbonized wood and perhaps
Area
clay
in
(2),
layer
of
thin
top
across
by
huts, buried in pit, sealed
54'
(41°
Italy
Rome,
Forum,
Roman
in
the
Regia
the
VI
pit
of
Stratum
N Lat, 12° 27' E Long). Coll. 1969 and subm. by F. E. Brown, Am.
Acad. in Rome, Italy. Comment: MASCA corrected (late = 636 n;.c.
2588 ± 47
638 B.c.
Italy
P-1756. Populonia,
(43°
Italy
Populonia,
area
at
harbor
Wood, U-16, from underwater,
° 52' 30" E Long). Coll. July 1970 and subm. by A. M.
Lat,
1
00' 00" N
McCann, Univ. California at Berkeley. Sample from plank buried in
sand, ca. 0.3m under present surface, found ca. 100m N of N end of
modern W jetty of harbor in ca. 13.5m water. Harbor area of Populonia
has been dredged in modern times and large gouges in sea floor occur, for
depth of up to 1.8m. Sample, and ancient pottery of 5th century B.c. and
later, were found surrounded by weeds in one of these pockets. Com-
ment: MASCA corrected date = 816 B.C.
Straits of Messina series
Wood, Pinus (halepensis), id. by B. F. Kukachka, Forest Prods. Lab.,
U.S. Dept. Agric., Madison, Wisconsin, from shipwreck in Straits of
University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XV
369
Messina, Italy (38° 14' N Lat, 15° 39' E Long). Samples from depth
35111 in sandy area of sea-bottom, partly resting on bedrock. Estimated
date of shipwreck: ca. 300 B.C. Samples coll. and subm. by D. 1. Owens,
Univ. Mus., Univ. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
1541 ± 40
P-1728. Straits of Messina
A.D. 409
Two smaller pieces of wood (less riddled by shipworms) of 3 subm.
1970, from ship's timbers. Comment: MASCA corrected date
=
A.D.
333
(D.I.O.) wood of sample could well have come from another ancient
shipwreck in immediate vicinity and swept into area by swift currents
in Straits. Close proximity of ancient shipwrecks of different periods,
sometimes overlapping one another, is now well documented by Univ.
Mus. excavations led by G. F. Bass, Yassi Ada, Turkey (P-1395, R., 1970,
v. 12, p. 581).
2360 ± 50
P-1755. Straits of Messina
410 B.c.
Outer sec. of remaining larger piece of wood from ship's timbers,
subm. 1970. Comment: MASCA corrected (late
=_=
531 B.C.
2277 ± 42
P-1814. Straits of Messina
327 B.c.
Object #7, piece of ship's timbers, subm. 1971. Comment: MASCA
corrected date
=
446 B.C.
2. Greece
Sesklo series
Sesklo is a high prehistoric mound (acropolis), 8km W of Volos,
capital of Thessaly, Greece (39° 23' N Lat, 22° 49' E Long). New excavations of Arcliaeol. Soc. Athens dir. by D. R. TI'heocharis, Eplior of Antiquities for Thessaly. Samples coil. 1963, 1968 and subm. by D. R. Tbeo-
charis, Archaeol. Illus., Volos, Greece.
P-1671.
S.68.37, Late Neolithic
5622 ± 80
3672 B.C.
Very fine dark soil, Sample S.68.37, from Sq. E 3, Late Neolithic
(Dimini period). Comment: MASCA corrected date = 4372 B.C.
P-1672.
S.68.79, Middle Neolithic
6504 ± 85
4554 B.c.
Fine dark soil, Sample S.68.79, from Rm. 12, Middle Neolithic (later
phase).
P-1674.
S.68.132, Middle Neolithic
6964 ± 92
5014 B.C.
Charcoal, Sample 5.68.132, from wooden column, Middle Neolithic.
P-1675.
5.68.156, Middle Neolithic
6694 ± 87
4744 B.c.
Charcoal, Sample S.68.156, from wooden column, Middle Neolithic.
370
Barbara Lawn
6317 ± 84
4367 B.C.
Floor
Neolithic
P-1676. S.68.126, Middle
Neolithic
Middle
Fine dark soil containing rootlets, Sample S.68.126,
hand.
removed
by
as
possible
rootlets
Floor. Comment: as many
6741 ± 103
4791 B.C.
P-1677. 5.68.36, Middle Neolithic
Charcoal, Sample S.68.36, from House 50, deep sounding, Middle
Neolithic. Comment: undersized sample, 95,
7427 ± 78
5477 B.C.
Neolithic
Pottery
Earliest
S.68.98,
P-1678.
63, W,
Trench
from
S.68.98,
Sample
fine
dark
soil,
Charcoal and
Earliest Pottery Neolithic.
7611 ± 83
5661 B.C.
P-1679. S.63.122, Earliest Pottery Neolithic
Charcoal and fine dark soil, Sample 5.63.122, from depth 3.88m,
Earliest Pottery Neolithic.
7300 ± 93
5350 B.C.
Neolithic
Pre-Pottery
P-1680. S.63.124A,
1,
4.10 to
B
depth
Charcoal and soil, Sample S.63.121k, from Sq.
4.20m, Pre-Pottery Neolithic.
7755 ± 97
5805 B.C.
P-1681. S.63.124B, Pre-Pottery Neolithic
Pre-Pottery
to
Charcoal and soil, Sample S.63.124B, from Sq.
Neolithic.
7483 ± 72
5533 B.C.
P-1682. S.63.121, Pre-Pottery Neolithic
Charcoal and soil, Sample S.63.121, from Sq. B, depth 1.32m, PrePottery Neolithic.
General Comment: this series, with exception of P-1671, is beyond
range of MASCA correction factors now available (May, 1972).
I
B. Year East
1.
Iraq
5983 ± 73
4033 B.C.
P-1466. Khafajah, Sin Temple 1
Khafajah is a large mound complex on E bank of Diyala R., 16km
NE of junction with Tigris in Iraq (33° 20' N Lat, 44° 3' E Long). The
Sin Temple was excavated to its deepest level, dated by its excavators
as Protoliterate C. Sample consisted of dark brown soil containing rootlets, from base of wall stubs still standing on N edge of pit excavated
1937-38 to ground-water level (now silted in with flood deposits). Alt.
and position indicate Sin I walls (Delougaz and Lloyd, 1942, Fig. 3, Wall
d). Excavators could expose only a very small area and established plan
by tunnelling. Sample coll. 1955 and subm. 1968 by F. R. Matson. Pennsylvania State Univ., Univ. Park, Pennsylvania. Comments: NaOH pre-
University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XV
371
treatment. MASCA corrected date 4963 we. Comment by Matson based
on uncorrected (late calculated with 5730 half-life. (F.R.M.): date is
almost a millennium early for Protoliterate C. Contamination from
possible inclusion of bitumen and from frequent flooding of pit by Diyala
R. since excavation must be considered. Cf. P-530, 4672 ± 74 (R., 1963,
v. 5, p. 85).
4002 ± 61
Gasur (Nuzi)
2052 B.C.
Gasur, the Akkadian city found beneath the Hurrian city of Nuzi,
17.7km SW of Kirkuk, Iraq (35° 22' N Lat, 44° 15' E Long). Sample
coll. 1955 from S wall of Pit L-4 from a dark soil band 10 to 12cm thick,
1.7m below base of a libn structure that could be traced in pit walls,
and probably from above Pavement V (Starr, 1939, 1, p. 21, II, plan no. 5)
and subm. 1968 by P. R. Matson, Pennsylvania State Univ., Univ. Park,
Pennsylvania. Comments: NaOH pretreatment. M.1SCA corrected date
2673 B.C. Comment byMatson based on uncorrected (late calculated
with 5730 half-life. (F.R.DI.): (late is quite satisfactory for Akkadian
period of occupation of Gasur, which has been surmised from study of
clay tablets with Akkadian texts found on Pavements V and IV.
Tepe Gawra series
"Cepe Gawra is a large mound ca. 32km NNE of Mosul, Iraq (36°
P-1468.
-
-1.3' 15' E Long). It was excavated by Univ. Mus., Univ.
Pennsylvania, 1931 to 1938 under direction of L. A. Speiser, and in some
seasons under Charles Bache. Level XIX was the earliest excavated over
an extended area. Level XX, which was tested, was of the Halaf period.
Level XIX-XVIJ, in terms of pottery, represent early phase of N Ubaid
period; levels XIIA-XII are terminal N Ubaid (Tobler, 1950, p. 4).
Samples for P-1494-1496 (cf.) were from NW face of sounding in Sqs. 3-5,
G-K, on either side of the ''intrusive pit" (Tobler, 1950, pls. XVIII-XX,
XLIII-XLV) after the face had been extensively cleaned. Samples coll.
1954 and subm. 1968 by F. R. Matson, Pennsylvania State Univ., Univ.
Park, Pennsylvania.
33' N Lat,
t
5787 72
Level XII
38371;.(.
Sample, mostly soil (311(', C) from a dark band in scarp face at S
corner of Rm. 81, 15cm below Level XI A, the top of the scarp (Tobler,
pls. VIII, XXVIIIb). Comment: NaOH pretreatment. MASCA corrected
P-1497.
(late
=
4761 B.C.
P-1496.
Level XVII
5991 ± 72
4041 B.C.
Sample, mostly soil (2.451 C) from top of cleaned face of strat.
cut, just L of "intrusive pit," containing some rootlets. From debris
between Levels XVII and XVI. Comment: NaOH pretreatment. MASCA
corrected date = 4971 B.C.
Barbara Lawn
372
P-1495.
6420 ± 61
4470 B.C.
Level XVIII
Sample, mostly soil, (1.75% C) from ashy dark soil band, 43 to 63cm
above P-1494 (cf.). Comment: NaOH pretreatment.
7002 ± 82
5052 B.C.
P-1494. Level XIX
Sample, mostly soil (1.75% C) from dark soil band at exterior base
WV wall, Rm. 44, Level XIX (Tobler, 1950, pl. XX). Comment: NaOH
pretreatment.
General Comments: P-1491 and -1495 are beyond range of MASCA
correction factors now available (May, 1972). The following comment by
Matson was based on uncorrected elate calculated with the 5730 half-life.
(F.R.M.): Samples P-1494-1497 show time range of N Ubaid period at
Tepe Gawra-about a millennium. These 4 samples are internally consistent. Overlap between early Ubaid, later Halaf (cf. P-1487), and late
Hassuna (cf. P-1499) strengthen the suggestion that Halaf is an intrusive
culture in N Mesopotamia where Ubaid gradually succeeds HassunaSainarra in many village areas.
6599 ± 107
P-1498.
Tell Uqair
4649 B.C.
6C13
=
+38.9%
Tell Uqair is a mound ca. 80.5knt S of Baghdad, midway between
Tigris and Euphrates R. in Iraq (32° 57' N Lat, 44° 38' E Long). At
site was evidence of occupation ranging from an Ubaid settlement into
Early Dynastic times. Sample consisted of shells from excavation dump
to NW of the deep Ubaid sounding. A few shells were included from
NE dump. Faud Safar thought shells probably came from debris of
House A, late in the Tell Ugair sequence. He had found a "heavy
deposit of fresh water mussels" in House A (Lloyd and Safar, 1943, p.
149, pl. Vlb). Sample coll. 1955 and subm. 1968 by F. R. Matson. Comments: sample undersized, 85.20°x. MASCA corrected date = 4927 B.C.
The following comment by Matson was based on uncorrected date calculated with the 5730 half-life. (F.R.M.): mass spectrometer corrected
(late is consistent with estimates of early Ubaid in S Mesopotamia. Compare P-1494, 7002 ± 82 (cf.) and H-138-123, 6070 ± 160 (Science, 1957,
v. 126, p. 198).
6927 ± 63
4977 B.C.
P-1499. Gird Ali Agha
Gird Ali Agha is a small mound on left bank of Greater Zab R.,
Iraq (36° 27' N Lat, 43° 48' E Long) (Braidwood and Howe, 1960, p. 26).
This Hassuna period site in NE Iraq helps link upper levels of Jarmo
with Hassuna in a cultural sequence. Sample is hearth material of ash
and charcoal (2.65 o C) from Operation I, Sec. B, Sq. 3, Feature 6 to 7,
under Floor 3. Coll. 1954 and subm. 1968 by F. R. Matson. Comments:
NaOH pretreatment. Date is beyond range of MASCA correction factors
University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XV
373
now available (May, 1972). (F.R.M.): date falls at upper end of date
range from Hassuna period sites. Cf. K-960, -972, -981 (R., 1968, v. 10,
p. 323), P-855, -857 (R., 1965, v. 7, p. 190), TK-23, -24 (R., 1969, v. 11,
p. 513), W-623 and -660 (R., v. 2, p. 183).
Banahilk series
Banahilk is a small Halaf period site in Kurdistan, 1.6km SW of
village of Diyana, Iraq (36° 40' N Lat, 44° 45' E Long) tested in 1955
by P. J. Watson (Braidwood and Howe, 1960, p. 23, 33-35. Watson's
site report in press). Site is at F edge of distribution of Halaf-style pottery
villages. Samples coll. 1954 and subm. 1968 by F. R. Matson.
1)
6309 ± 78
P-1501. Trench D II
4359 B.C.
black hearth material from top level of Halaf deposits, Trench
II, 1.3m below surface.
P-1502. Trench D I
Charcoal from hearth in 'French D
beneath Feature 1.
P-1504.
Trench D I
6752 ± 85
4802 B.C.
1,
Floor
6, 2.2m
below surface,
6854 ± 72
4904 B.C.
SCi' _ +73,",,,
Helix shells from same locus as P-1502. Comnnient: (F.R.M.): this
mass spectrometer corrected (Lite agrees with charcoal date from same
Hearth (P-1502, 6752 ± 85).
General Coninients: this series is beyond range of MASCA correction
factors now available (May, 1972). (F.R.M.): dates indicate time span
for middle Halaf period near its E periphery. See comments for P-1487
(cf.).
2. Syria
P-1487.
Tell Chagar Bazar
6665 ± 77
4715 B.C.
Sample, mostly soil or ash (2.1% C) from Tell Cliagar Bazar, on
Khabur R. near N-central border of Syria (36° 51' N Lat, 41° 7' E Long).
A "Prehistoric Pit" was dug to determine main period of occupation
(Nfallowan, 1936, p. 7). An ash level near base of still exposed, but
weathered S face of pit, 11.3m below surface, was estimated to correspond to Levels 11-12, in which initial extensive appearance of Halaf
ware at site was found. Sample coll. 1955 and subm. 1968 by F. R.
Nlatson. Comm ents: NaOH pretreatment. Date is beyond range of
MASCA correction factors now available (May, 1972). (F.R.M.): date
falls well within estimates for Halaf Period. It is later than those obtained from Tell Halaf: GrN-2660, 7570 ± 35 (R., 1964, v. 6, p. 355)
374
Barbara Lawn
and Arpachiyah: P-584, 7027 ± 83; and P-585, 8064 -t 78 (R., 1965, v. 7,
p. 188). It is earlier than one Banahilk (late (P-1501, cf.) from upper
Halafian debris, but agrees well with 2 others from Banahilk (P-1502,
-1504, cf.). Dates confirm excavator's suggestion that Halaf "ware entered
Chagar Bazar later than it entered the Nineveh region" (Mallowan, 1936,
p. 10). A "very late- or post-Halafian" date (6465 ± 100, Braidwood
et at., 1971, p. 1240) from Groningen Lab. has recently been cited for
Gerikihaciyan, a Halafian site excavated by Watson in SE Turkey. Two
other samples are being processed.
3.
Turkey
4782 ± 60
2832 B.C.
P-1473. Tell Judaidah, Phase G
Tell Judaidah is large mound in Amuq, Plain of Antioch, 1.5km SE
of Rilianiyah, Turkey (36° 16' N Lat, 36° 35' E Long). Phase G is
equated with Late Protoliterate-Early Dynastic period in Mesopotamia,
with EB II in Palestine, and with Dynasty I of Egypt (Watson, 1965,
p. 75-77). Sample from ash level with bits of charcoal (3.20 C) in Cut
JK-3 at basal Phase G just below base of circular mud brick wall. Coll.
1955 and subm. 1968 by F. R. Matson (Braidwood and Braidwood, 1960).
Comments: NaOH pretreatment. MASCA corrected date = 3676 B.C.
Following comment based on uncorrected (late calculated with 5730
half-life. (F.R.M.): date agrees very well with archaeol. established con
relations.
Iran
Dinkha Tepe series
Dinkha Tepe (36° 59' 51" N Lat, 45° 10' 41" E Long) is in Ushnu
Valley, W. Azerbaijan, Iran. Samples coll. 1968 by Hasanlu Project,
jointly sponsored by Univ. Mus., Univ. of Pennsylvania, Metropolitan
4.
Mus. Art New York City, and Archaeol. Service Iran, subm. by excavation director, R. H. Dyson, Jr., Univ. Mus., Univ. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Remains of 4 major occupations have been uncovered: Dinklia I (Islamic); Dinkha II (Iron Age lI equal to Hasanlu
IV, ca. 1000 to 800 B.c.); Dinkha III (Iron Age 1 equal to Hasanlu V,
ca. 1350 to 1000 B.C. and Dinkha IV (Bronze age equal in part to Hasanlu
VI, ca. ?1900 to ?1350 B.c.). Chronology based on earlier radiocarbon
dates for Hasanlu and studies of relative chronology (Dyson, 1965; Ralph,
1959; Stuckenrath, 1963; Stuckenrath et al., 1966).
Dinkha IV
3539 ± 59
P-1690. Di-68-S.7, 139/10a
1589 B.C.
Charcoal from Op. B9/10a, St. 2A, Area 5 (Field Sample # 3), N
edge of central Mound. Conanaent: MASCA corrected date = 1895 B.C.
University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XV
375
3576 ± 70
P-1692. Di-68-S.11AI, B9/10a
1626B.c.
Charcoal from Op. B9/10a, St. 7 (Field Sample #14) at level of
Wall K and hearth of Area 11, N edge of central mound. Comment:
MASCA corrected date = 1933 B.c.
3395 ± 68
Di-68-S.9, B9/ 1.0a
1445 B.c.
Charcoal from Op. B9; 10a, St. 3, Area 4 (Field Sample #11), N
edge of central mound. Comment: MASCA corrected date = 1747 B.c.
P-1720.
3458 ± 66
P-1721. Di-68-S.11A and 11BII, B9/10a
1508B.c.
Two samples of charcoal from Op. B9/10a, St. 7, Di-68-S.11A (Field
Sample #15) in SW corner of Wall K and Di-68-S.11BII (Field Sample
#13) at level of Wall K and Hearth 11, N edge of central mound. Comment: NaOH pretreatment. MASCA corrected date = 1812 B.c. (R.H.D.):
these 2 combined samples represent deepest stratified carbon above virgin
soil at site.
3353 ± 65
P-1693.
Di-68-S.5A and B, G10h
1403 B.c.
Charcoal and soil, Op. G10h, St. 5e, Area 2, front single black lens
50cm below and sealed by Wall 0, E edge of central mound. Comment:
NaOH pretreatment. MASCA corrected elate = 1704 B.c.
General Coin went: for additional dates from Dinklia IV, see P-1231,
-1232, -1450, -1452, -1233, -1130, -1552, and -1429/31 (R., 1970, v. 12,
p. 578-579).
C. Africa
1. Camel-owl
Pouss series
Pouss is Iron age mound in Logone Valley, N Cameroon (10° 51'
N Lat, 15° 4' E Long). Samples coll. 1969 by Frank Bartell; subm. by
N. C. David, Univ. Mus., Univ. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
199 ± 43
1751
Charcoal containing rootlets from strat. Units 1
Comment:
rootlets removed by hand. NaOH pretreatment. MASCA corrected date
P-1765.
= A.D.
Stratigraphic Units
1
and 2
A.D.
and 2.
1638.
550 ± 29
P-1766. Strat. Units 3 and 4
A.D. 1400
Charcoal containing many rootlets from strat. Units 3 and 4. Com7nent: rootlet pretreatment (Haynes, 1966; Lowdon et al., 1970, p.
474). MASCA corrected date
= A.D.
1383.
Barbara Lawn
376
607 ± 49
A.D. 1343
P-1773. Strat. Units 3 and 4
Portion of same sample as P-1766. Comment: rootlets removed by
hand and sample given regular HCl and NaOH pretreatment. MASCA
corrected date
=
A.D.
1324.
889 ± 35
A.D. 1061
P-1767. Strat. Units 15 and 16
Charcoal and soil containing rootlets from strat. Units 15 and 16.
Comment: rootlets removed by hand. NaOH pretreatment. MIASCA
corrected date = A.D. 1034.
General Comment (N.C.D.): Pouss is S-most mound of any size on left
bank of Logone R. Preliminary typologic analysis suggests that materials
represent impoverished S facies of Sao civilization. P-1767 was from lowest
horizons of occupation, though burials occur 1111 below at depth 5.75m.
Sumpa Cave series
Sumpa Cave is in Benue Valley, N Cameroon (9° 18' N Lat, 13° 31'
E Long), only known site in area containing Neolithic phase. Samples
coll. 1969 by Frank Bartell; subm. by N. C. David.
347 ± 41
A.D. 1603
C:2 and A:2
Charcoal, Sample C:2 and A:2, from strat. Unit lb. Comment:
NaOH pretreatment. MASCA corrected date A.D. 1542.
102 ± 39
A.D. 1848
P-1636. C:4
Charcoal, Sample C:4 from strat. Unit 2b. Comment: MASCA corrected (late = A.D. 1794.
346 ± 51
A.D.1604
D:3
P-1637. C:6 and
Charcoal, Samples C:6 and D:3 from strat. Unit 3. Comment:
NaOH pretreatment. MASCA corrected elate = A.D. 1543.
P-1635.
704 ± 42
A.D. 1246
C:8, C:7, A:5, and A:6
Charcoal, Samples C:8, C:7, A:5, and A:6 from strat. Units 4 and
MASCA corrected date = A.D. 1224.
Cornrnent:
5.
General Comment (N.C.D.): deposits were extensively disturbed by
burrowing animals and cave was used until very recently as a stall for
sheep and goats. Dates are valueless. Preliminary typologic analyses suggest that both P-1637 and -1638 should fall within 1st 2 millennia B.C.
P-1638.
Douloumi series
Douloumi is Iron age mound with ca. 4m cultural stratigraphy, on
Lake Douloumi in N Cameroon (9° 12' N Lat, 13° 39' E Long). Sample
coll. 1969 by Frank Bartell; subm. by N. C. David.
University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XV
Strat. Units 5, 6, and 7
Charcoal, burnt bone, and soil from strat. Units
P-1761.
age assemblage. Comment: MASCA corrected date
=
377
1089 ± 41
861
and 7 of Iron
A.D.
5, 6,
A.D.
878.
1074 ± 47
A.n.876
17 and 18 of Iron age
assemblage. Comment: rootlets removed by hand. NaOH pretreatment.
P-1763.
Strat. Units 17 and 18
Charcoal, soil, and rootlets from strat. Units
MASCA corrected (late
=
A.D.
894.
1412 ± 50
Strat. Units 20 and 21
A.D. 538
Charcoal, burnt bone, soil, and rootlets from strat. Units 20 and
of Iron age assemblage. Comment: rootlets removed by hand. i\IASCA
P-1764.
21
corrected date = A.D. 546.
General Comment (N.C.D.): P-1764 comes from lowest horizons of occupation and represents earliest, but surprisingly late, Iron age occupation
so far found in area. P-1761, 1.75m above P-1763 in strat. appears too old.
A (late in Ist millennium Al).
.was expected.
Be series
Be, an Iron age mound with 7m cultural Material, unoccupied since
A.D. 1839, Fulani conquest of the Nyam-nyam village, is in the Mayo
Kebbi Valley, N Cameroon (9° 18' N Lat, 13° 40' E Long). Samples coll.
1969 and subin. by N. C. David.
Pit A
258 ± 39
Strat. Units 7 and 8
A.D. 1692
Charcoal and soil from arbitrary strat. Units 7 and 8. Comment:
NaOH pretreatment. MASCA corrected (late A.D. 1634.
P-1744.
P-1557.
Strat. Unit 12
Charcoal from arbitrary strat. Unit
rected (late
= A.D.
A.D.
12.
410 ± 36
1540
Comment: MASCA cor-
1458.
832 ± 49
Strat. Unit 25
A.D. 1118
Charcoal and soil from arbitrary strat. Unit 25. Comment: NaOH
pretreatment. MASCA corrected (late A.D. 1093.
P-1746.
507 ± 36
Strat. Unit 30
A.D. 1443
Charcoal and soil from arbitrary strat. Unit 30. Comment: NaOH
pretreatment. Undersized sample (890), therefore not as reliable.
P-1747.
MASCA corrected date
= A.D.
1427.
Barbara Lazoii
378
Strat. Unit 34
Charcoal and soil from arbitrary strat. Unit
pretreatment. MASCA corrected date = A.D. 1021.
P-1748.
902 ± 41
1048
Comment: NaOH
A.D.
34.
1106 ± 33
A.D. 844
P-1684. Strat. Unit. 38
Charcoal and soil from arbitrary strat. Unit 38, lowest occupational
Horizon. Comment: NaOH pretreatment. MASCA corrected date = A.D.
860.
General Comment (N.C.D.): radiocarbon dates suggest average rate of
accumulation of 7rnm/yr, and with exception of undersized Sample
P-1747, may be considered satisfactory.
Be Pit B
275 ± 53
A.D. 1675
P-1750. Strat. Units 6 to 10
Charcoal and soil from strat. Unit 6 to 10. Comments: MASCA corrected (late = A.D. 1616. (N.C.D.): (late appears too young, but is made
up of 6 sub-samples from zone > lm deep. Expected date: ca. A.D. 1000.
P-1753.
1014 ± 48
936
Strat. Units 19 to 22
A.D.
Charcoal with many rootlets from Units 19 to 22. Comments: rootlets removed by hand. MASCA corrected date = A.D. 956. (N.C.D.):
sample corresponds well with stratigraphically equivalent P-1684 from
Pit A.
D. Arctic
1. Alaska
Unalakleet series
Unalakleet Old Village consists of 200 to 300 house pits on older
beach ridge now ca. 4km from coastline of Norton Sound, Alaska (64°
N Lat, 161° E Long). Samples coll. 1968, 1969 and subm. 1969 by Bruce
Lutz, Univ. Mus., Univ. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1969).
1556 ± 48
P-1530.
Ipiutak house
Charcoal from within floor of Ipiutak
MASCA corrected date
P-1772.
=
A.D.
A.D. 394
house, coll. 1968. Comment:
297.
1810 ± 40
140
Ipiutak house
A.D.
Charcoal from W hearth of Ipiutak house (house had 2 hearths),
coll. 1969. Comment: NaOH pretreatment. P-1530 was obtained near
hearth. MASCA corrected date
= A.D.
135.
1976 ± 50
House 2
26 n.c.
Charcoal from hearth on floor of House 2, coll. 1968. Comment: on
typologic grounds (i.e., presence of burins), should be earlier than Cape
P-1531.
University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates X V
Denbigh Norton, P-13, 2213
rected date = 86 B.C.
-!-
379
110 (R., 1961, v. 3, p. 11). MASCA cor-
-
2091 50
141 B.C.
House 3
Charcoal from hearth at bottom of floor midden of House 3. Com-
P-1532.
ment: same as for P-1531. MASCA corrected date
= 204 B.C.
2140 ± 47
190 B.C.
P-1771. House 120
Charcoal from hearth on floor of House 120. Comment: rootlet pretreatment (Haynes, 1966; Lowdon et al., 1970). MASCA corrected date
=
304 B.C.
II. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES
A. North America
United States
Island Field, Delaware series
Spartina alterniflora marsh peat or plant fragments embedded in
marsh mud at Island Field Archaeol. Site, S Bowers, Delaware (39° 3'
N Lat, 75° 23' W Long). Samples are from different peat horizons within
a marshy sequence, building upwards and advancing landward for the
past 3 to 5000 yr. Coll. 1968, 1969 by J. C. Kraft, Univ. Delaware,
Newark, Delaware; subm. by R. A. Thomas.
1.
1592 ± 45
P-1687. JCK DH 1-68
JCK DH 1-68, 2.13111 to
MASCA corrected date
=
2.64nm.
2 B.C.
Comment: NaOH pretreatment..
61 B.C.
1950 ± 55
A.D. 1 to 1 B.C.
P-1686. JCK DH-1-69
JCK DH 1-69, Core 1, 4.57111 to 4.88m. Comment: NaOH pretreatment. MASCA corrected date = 59 B.C.
2999 ± 59
1049 B.C.
P-1688. JCK DH-1-69
JCK DH 1-69, Core 3, 6.10ni to 6.40111. Comment: NaOH pretreatment. MASCA corrected date
=
1289 B.C.
3314 ± 63
1364 B.C.
P-1685. JCK, DH 5-69
JCK, DH 5-69, 6.60m to 6.86m. Comment: NaOH pretreatment.
MASCA corrected (late
=
1664 B.e.
2153 ± 69
183 B.C.
JCK Core 11
JCK Core 11, Part 2-69, 2.241m to 2.57m. Comment: NaOH pretreatment. MASCA corrected date = 298 B.C.
P-1669.
380
Barbara Lawn
Corrections
R., 1969, v. 11, p. 152: P-1434 should be 4285 -t 62 (2335 ii.c.), published correctly in R., 1971, v. 13, p. 371, but not designated as a correction.
R.. 1971, v. 13, p. 365; P-1392 should be P- ]394.
RFFERENCrS
Braidwood, R. J. and Braidwood, L. S., 1960, Excavations in the Plain of Antioch, I:
Oriental Inst. Pubs., v. 61, p. 259-262.
Braidwood, R. J., Cambcl, Halet, Redman, C. L., and Watson, P. J., 1971, Beginnings
of village-farming communities in southeastern Turkey: Natl. Acad. Sci. Proc.,
v. 68, no. 6, p. 1236-1240.
Braidwood, R. J. and Howe, Bruce, 1960, Prehistoric investigations in Iraqi Kurdistan:
Chicago, Univ. Chicago Press, p. 1-184.
Brown, P. E., 1951, Cosa I, history and typography: Am. Acad. in Rome Mem., v.
20, p. 89.
Buckley, J. D. and Willis, E. H., 1970, Isotopes' radiocarbon measurements VIII:
Radiocarbon, v. 12, p. 87-129.
Damon, P. E., Long, Austin, and Grey, D. C., 1970, Arizona radiocarbon dates for
dendrochronologically dated samples, in: Olsson, I. U., (ed.) 12th Nobel symposium Proc., Uppsala, Sweden, Aug. 11-15, 1969, Radiocarbon variations and
absolute chronology: Stockholm, Alniquist and W'ikscll (New York, John Wiley
and Sons), p. 615-618.
Dclougaz, Pinhaz and Lloyd, Seton, 1942, Pre-Sargonid temples in the Diyala region:
Chicago, Univ. Chicago Press, 320 p.
Dyson, Robert, Jr., 1965, Problems of protohistoric Iran as seen from Hasanlu: Near
Eastern Studies Jour., v. 24, p. 193-217.
IIaynes, C. V., Jr., 1966, Radiocarbon samples: chemical removal of plant contaminants: Science, v. 151, p. 1391-1392.
Lawn, Barbara, 1970, Univ. of Pennsylvania radiocarbon dates XIII: Radiocarbon,
v. 12, p. 577-589.
Lloyd, Seton and Safar, Laud, 1943, Tell Uqair, excavations by the Iraq Government
Directorate General of Antiquities in 1940 and 1941: Near Eastern Studies Jour.,
v. 2, no. 2, p. 131-158.
Lowden, J. A., Wilineth, R., and Blake, W., Jr., 1970, Geological Survey of Canada
radiocarbon dates X: Radiocarbon, v. 12, p. 472-485.
Lutz, Bruce, 1969, Archaeological investigations near Unalakleet, Alaska: Expedition,
v. 11, no. 2, p. 52-54.
Mallowan, M. E. L., 1936, Excavations at Tell Chagar Bazar: Iraq, v. 3, p. 1-86.
Matson, P. R., 1960, Specialized ceramic studies and radioactive-carbon techniques,
in: Braidwood, R. J. and Howe, Bruce, op. cit., above, p. 184.
Munnich, K. O., 1957, Heidelberg natural radiocarbon measurements 1: Science, v.
126, p. 194-199.
Ralph, E. K., 1959, Univ. of Pennsylvania radiocarbon dates III: Radiocarbon, v. 1,
p. 4:1-58.
1971, Carhop-l4 dating, in: Michael, 11. N. and Ralph, E. K., (cds.), Dating
techniques for the archaeologist: Cambridge, Mass., The Mil Press, p. 1-48.
Ralph, E. K. and Ackerman, R. L., 1961, Univ. of Pennsylvania radiocarbon dates IV:
Radiocarbon, v. 3, p. 4-14.
Ralph, E. K. and Michael, H. N., 1970, MASCA radiocarbon dates for sequoia and
bristlecone-pine samples, in: Olsson, I. U., (ed.), op. cit., above, p. 619-623.
Rubin, Meyer and Alexander, Corrinne, 1960, U.S. Geological Survey radiocarbon
dates V: Radiocarbon, v. 2, p. 129-185.
Sato, Jun, Sato, Tomoko, Otomori, Yasuko, and Suzuki, Hisashi, 1969, University of
Tokyo radiocarbon measurements II: Radiocarbon, v. 11, p. 509-514.
Stan-, R. E. S., 1939, Nuzi, I., II: Cambridge, Harvard Univ. Press, 615 p. and pls.
Stuckenrath, Robert, Jr., 1963, University of Pennsylvania radiocarbon dates VI:
Radiocarbon, v. 5, p. 82-103.
University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XV
381
Stuckenrath, Robert, Jr., Coe, W. R., and Ralph, E. K., 1966, University of Pennsylvania radiocarbon dates IX: Radiocarbon, v. 8, p. 348-385.
Stuckenrath, Robert, Jr. and Ralph, E. K., 1965, University of Pennsylvania radiocarbon dates VIII: Radiocarbon, v. 7, p. 187-199.
Suess, H. E., 1970, Bristlecone-pine calibration of the radiocarbon time-scale 5200 B.C.
to the present, in: Olsson, I. U. (ed.), op. cit., above, p. 303-311.
Tauber, Hcurik, 1968, Copenhagen radiocarbon dates IX: Radiocarbon, v. 10, p.
295-327.
Tobler, A. J., 1950, Excavations at Tepe Gawra, V. II: Philadelphia, Univ. Pennsylvania Press, 262 p.
Vogel, J. G. and W aterbolk, H. T., 1964, Groningen radiocarbon dates V: Radiocarbon, v. 6, p. 349-369.
Watson, P. J., 1965, The chronology of north Syria and north Mesopotamia from
10,000 B.C. to 2000 B.C., in: Ehrich, R. W., (ed.), Chronologies in old world archaeology: Chicago, Univ. Chicago Press, p. 61-100.
[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 15,
No. 2, 1973, P. 382-387]
UNIVERSITY OF ROME CARBON-14 DATES XI
M. ALESSIO, F. BELLA, S. IMPROTA
Istituto di Fisica, University di Roma
G. BELLUOMINI, C. CORTESI, and G. L. MANELLI
Istituto di Geochimica, University di Roma
During the last few years, we have set up the benzene scintillation
method in our laboratory. C14 activity measurements are now carried out
with both liquid scintillation and CO,-proportional counters. Chemical
apparatus for benzene synthesis and a liquid scintillation spectrometer
for low-level counting were built and are described below.
After standard pretreatment, carbon is converted to CO, by combustion or acid treatment and then synthesized to liquid benzene in a
closed system for ca. 8 hours. The combustion line was set up after
Broecker et al. (1959), connected with a benzene synthesizing line designed as suggested by Noakes et al. (1963; 1965; 1967), as well as with
new designs and operating features (Alessio et al., 1970b).
Converting a sample to CO, requires 90 to 120 min., yielding from
95% to 98% CO.,. For the conversion of CO:; into C,;H,, Table 1 shows
reactions, time, and yields.
TABLE
1
Benzene synthesis
Reactions
Yields (%)
Time (min.)
2CO,+l0Li--Li,C1+4Li,O
a)
2 C + 2 Li
b) Li , C2 + 2 H 2 O
Li 2 C ,
C,H 2 +
2
LiOH
catalyst
c) 3
C,H,
a)
--> C,;H
9
;
In synthesis of Li2C, metallic lithium pellets are used, in 10°%
is slowly brought to
> stoichiometrically required quantity. The metal
melting (ca. 600°C), completed in 15-20 min.; subsequently the temperature rises to ca. 800°C and lithium assumes an orange-red color. It was
found that, keeping the temperature at ca. 800°C for > 15-20 nun. after
the total disappearance of CO.., the C,;H,; yield is further raised to ca.
95°10 (Polach and Stipp, 1967).
Reaction completed, all traces of radon are removed by keeping
the reactor bottom under vacuum at ca. 600°C for 30 min. The lithium
carbide synthesis reaction is quantitative and fairly fast: not > 90 min.
is required to convert 10 L CO,.
b) Distilled water is made to flow at ca. 200 ml/min. over lithium
carbide at room temperature, at the same time cooling the bottom of
reaction chamber, reaction being exothermic. Acetylene is frozen in
382
M. Alessio et
(1l.
383
liquid nitrogen; water vapor, ammonia compounds, and hydrogen are
suitably removed.
c) For trimerization of acetylene to benzene, a catalyst developed
by Noakes et al. (1967) was used initially, consisting of 20",/ V.,O; on
a silica-alumina support with a minimum specific surface of 200 m-/(y
Immediately before use, the catalyst was activated at ca. 300°C under
rotary pump vacuum for 2 hours, while cycling reaction was carried
out at 13 ± 1°C, for at this temperature reaction kinetics were faster
(Alessio et al., 1970b). This catalyst could be reactivated several times
by heating to ca. 300°C under vacuum for 2 hours, with yields always
90°,, and high reaction kinetics.
At present our laboratory uses the KC-Perlkatalysator Neu catalyst,
Kaly-Cliemie A. G., Hannover. This product is activated to ca. 350°C
for 15-20 min., while the temperature of acetylene to benzene trimerization begins at ca. 50°C, allowing reaction to proceed spontaneously. It
was found that 100g of this non-regenerative catalyst is sufficient to
produce up to 5.5m1 benzene and all gas chromatographic analyses of
samples have always shown a degree of purity f'roni 99.5 to 1001",.
In a pyrex counting vial 4.5m1 liquid is introduced, containing
2m1 sample benzene and 2.5m1 NE 216 liquid scintillator produced by
Nuclear Enterprises Ltd. The cylindrical vial, ca. 1/3 as high as its
diam., is inserted coaxially into a light pipe, to the ends of which are
connected 2 photomultipliers operating in coincidence.
An anti-coincidence shield is formed by a plastic scintillator enclosing a light pipe and connected with a 3rd photomultiplier operating
in anti-coincidence with the first two. The scintillation spectrometer
is in a room at 18°C and is protected against soft component of cosmic
radiation by a 20cm iron and 15cm lead shield. Data are recorded by
an electronic unit incorporating coincidence circuits with. 7 its resolution times. Each activity measurement lasts ca. 24 hours, with regularity
checks at 30-min. intervals. Background is 6.47 ± 0.04cpm, the net
modern activity 13.43 ± 0.08cpm, and the figure of merit E2/B = 580.
This list includes age measurements of check samples and of new
series of Italian geologic and historic samples made by the liquid scintillation method.
As in dating with COz-proportional counters in preceding lists,
''modern standard" is wood grown near Rome from 1949 to 1953, whose
activity was repeatedly checked with 95°,o of the activity of NBS oxalic
acid. Errors quoted are lo, statistical error. Ages were calculated using
the Libby half-life of 5568 yr, with 1950 as the standard year of reference.
.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We wish to thank the Consiglio Nazionale Belle Ricerche for providing partial financial support. We also thank our technicians for
their devotion and skill in developing the chemical equipment: A.
Pellizzoni, Al. Dante, and L. Lucidi for mechanics and O. Fogu for
glassblowing.
384
M. Alessio, F. Bella,
S.
Ira prota, G. Bcllnomini,
C.
Cortesi,
SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS
1.
CHECK SAMPLES
The liquid scintillation method was checked, using for benzene synthesis CO2 obtained from various samples dated with the proportional
counter. Ages obtained from both methods agree satisfactorily and are
compared in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Check samples
C14
Sample
R-716
R-578
R-703
R-706
R-594
R-595
R-375
R-375a
R-83lAa
R-834a
R-836a
R-823
R-825
R-707
C14
age liquid
scintillation
method
age CO,-
proportional
counting method
28,500 ± 2000
12,650 ± 250
5000 ± 70
11,500 ± 200
8480 - 200
5850 -!- 160
3230 ± 100
3840 -!- 80
1730 ± 90
1650 ± 90
1760 --t 100
16,400 -!- 400
15,900 -!- 300
3600 ± 90
27,800
11,820
4360
± 800
± 120
± 50
11,800:±- 100
8400
5880
3360
3160
1710
1700
1680
16,390
15,090
3650
-!-
70
-!-
50
50
50
50
50
50
180
140
50
-
±
±
-!-
-!-
-!-!-
References
R.,
R.,
R.,
R.,
R.,
R.,
R.,
R.,
R.,
R.,
R.,
R.,
R.,
R.,
1971,
1971,
1971,
1971,
1971,
1971,
1973,
1973,
1973,
1973,
1973,
1973,
1973,
1973,
v. 13, p. 404
v. 13, p. 406
v. 13, p. 407
v. 13, p. 407
v. 13, p. 409
v. 13, p. 409
v. 15, p. 165
v. 15, p. 165
v. 15, p. 169
v. 15, p. 169
v. 15, p. 169
v. 15, p. 173
v. 15, p. 173
v. 15, p. 175
II. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES
Italy
R-241.
R-241a.
Ghiacciaio del Rutor
Ghiacciaio del Rutor
5570 ± 120
3620 B.C.
5950 ± 130
4000 B.C.
Brown-blackish peat with leaf remains (Cyperaceae, Bryophyta),
and detritus with no wood, in terminal moraine of W branch of Rutor
Glacier near confluence with E branch, 250m S Rutor Lake, Upper
Valley Dora di la Thuile R., Valle d'Aosta, Piedmont (45° 39' 53" N
Lat, 6° 57' 24" E Long) at +2515m; coordinate system U.T.M. 32 TLR
42905910. Coll. 1958 by L. Peretti, and subm. 1966 by G. Charrier, both
of Ist. Giacim. Min., Politecnico Turin. Peat is believed to come from
an ancient peat bog, later covered and reworked by glacier, at foot of a
high rocky shelf, at +2776m. Peat therefore provides evidence of a
Rutor glacier terminal margin a few hundred m behind present one
and glaciated area diminished > 2km2, corresponding to a major Holo-
and G. L. Manelli-University of Rome Carbon-14 Dates XI 385
cene anathermic phase (Peretti, 1964). Pollen analysis of peat shows:
Pinus, several species, (57.45%), Abies (34.44%), Tilia (2.75%) (Charrier,
1964). Comment: R-241 was pretreated with 10% HCl; R-241a was given
additional leaching with 6%Jo NH4OH. R-241a date, indicating the
climax of postglacial climatic optimum (Atlantic), substantially agrees
well with pollen analysis showing predominance of Abies assoc. with
Pinus and with characteristic mixed forest components (Tilia). Radiometric data, therefore, rule out other controversial reference to anathermic climatic phases of Late Holocene (Sub-Atlantic).
Other peat bogs and lacustrine deposits dated in various areas of
the Alps to establish a chronology of postglacial climatic events (see:
R., 1964, v. 6,
1).
85-87; 1968, v. 10,
1).
359-360; v. 12,
1).
610-611).
Lago di Tenno series
Well-preserved trunks in situ on bottom of Tenno Lake, 4.5km
N Tenno, prov. Trento, Trentino (450 56' N Lat, 10° 49' E Long) at
d-570m. Coll. 1970 by Gruppo Sommozzatori di Riva del Garda and
subm. by B. Bagolini, Mus. Tridentino Sci. Nat., Trento.
Trunks belong to submerged forest covering ca. 1/5 lake bottom
on W side. Over 70 trees have been mapped by Mus. and are being
id. by F. Pedrotti, Ist. Bot., Univ. Camerino. Samples dated with and
without acid pretreatment (A-labelled samples): no carbonate present.
790 ± 70
R-793.
Lago di Tenno A
A.D.
1160
1190 ± 80
R-793A. Lago di Tenno A
Well-preserved, small trunk in, situ. Coninient:
760
dates do not agree
A.D.
2
well.
570 ± 70
R-794.
Lago di Tenno B
A.D.
1380
630 ± 70
R-794A. Lago di Tenno B
A.D. 1320
Well-preserved, very small trunk or branch in situ. Comment: 2
dates agree.
1000 ± 70
R-795.
Lago di Tenno C28
A.D.
950
940 ± 70
R-795A. Lago di Tenno C28
A.D. 1010
Well-preserved wood, ca. 25cm diam. trunk in situ. Comment: 2
dates agree.
General Comment: C14 dates, in particular R-794 ages, seem to confirm
traditional belief that Tenno Lake basin was formed by a landslide ca.
A.D. 1400 (Battisti, 1898; Tomasi, 1963; Untergasser, 1935; Venzo, 1935).
386
M. Alessio, F. Bella,
S.
Improta, G. Belluornini,
C.
Cortesi,
Pontelagoscuro series
In 1970, a water prospecting test, 60cm diam. and ca. 40m deep,
was drilled by dry cable-tool method along Natl. Hwy. No. 16 about
mid-way between Pontelagoscuro and Ferrara, Emilia (440 51' 58" N
Lat, 11° 36' 00" E Long) at +8.50m. Drill core was preserved for study.
Later, at same location, a 3.5m diam. and 40m deep well was driven
to trap aquifers located at depths 11 to 36m; 2 levels were found, 30.10
and 34.90m deep, rich in vegetable remains and 1 level, 35.70m deep,
with abundant, large wood fragments. Coll. 1970 by drilling staff and
subm. 1970 by M. Bondesan, 1st. Geol., Univ. Ferrara.
R-862.
Pontelagoscuro
32,500 ± 2000
30,550 B.C.
1
Vegetable remains, mainly small wood fragments, fairly well-preserved, from coarse sand level, 30.10m deep. Comment: sample pretreated with 10% HC1 only because, despite slight darkening, test with
0.2N NaOH did not disclose humic material.
35,000
-!-
3000
33,050 B.c.
R-863a. Pontelagoscuro 2
Vegetable remains, mainly small darkened wood fragments, found
in coarse clayey sand 34.90m deep. Comment: sample was pretreated
with 10% HC1 and given additional leaching with 0.2N NaOH.
27,500 ± 1000
R-864. Pontelagoscuro 3
25,550 B.c.
Fragment of well-preserved wood, 35cm long and 3cm diam., found
in coarse clayey sand rich in large wood fragments, 37.7011 deep. Comment: sample pretreated with 10% HC1 only, as alkaline treatment was
not considered necessary.
General Comment: as supposed, C" dates indicate AViirm age. However,
dates cannot yet be fully interpreted since lithologic and paleontologic
study of core has barely started; sedimentary environment and origin
of dated materials have not yet been determined. In the area only known
stratigraphy is from deep natural-gas prospecting well (Selli, 1945-46).
III. HISTORIC SAMPLES
Italy
2100 ± 90
R-913. S. Andrea, Orvieto
150 B.C.
Humic acids from brown earthy layer in archeol. excavations of a
sacred area underlying St. Andrea's Church, Orvieto, Umbria. Coll. 1970
by M. P. Rossignani, and subm. 1971 by M. Cagiano de Azevedo, both
of Ist. Archeol., Univ. Cattolica, Milan. Comment: layer containing
scarce small bone fragments and charcoal appears as a final fire level
indicating last stage of use of a sacred area of Villanovan-Etruscan age
with superimposed foundations of a Palaeochristian basilica (Cagiano
de Azevedo, 1972). Bones and charcoal being insufficient, hurnic acids
and G. L. Manelli-Unit ersity of Rome Carbon-14 Dates XI
387
of layer judged uncontaminated by more recent carbon were dated;
results are merely suggestive although they agree with expected archaeol.
age.
REFERENCES
Alessio, M., Bella, F., and Cortesi, C., 1964, University of Rome carbon-14 dates II:
Radioca i bon, v. 6, p. 77-90.
Alessio, M., Bella, F., Cortesi, C., and G'aziadci, B., 1968, University of Rome carbon14 dates VI: Radiocarbon, v. 10, p. 350-364.
Alessio, M., Bella, F., Improta, S., Belluornini, G., Calderoni, G., Cortesi, C., and
Turi, B., 1973, University of Rome carbon-14 dates X: Radiocarbon, v. 15, p.
165-178.
Alessio, M., Bella, F., Improta, S., Belluornini, G., Cortesi, C., and 'I'nri, B., 1970a,
University of Rome carbon-14 dates VIII: Radiocarbon, v. ]2 p. 599-616.
1970b, Report on the equipment and the activities of Rome University's
carbon-14 dating laboratory: Quaternaria, N. 13, p. 357-376.
-- 1971, University of Rome carbon-14 dates IX: Radiocarbon, v. 13, p.
395-411.
Battisti, C., 1898, 11 Trentiuo: Trento, %ippel Editore.
Broecker, W. S., Tucek, C. S., and Olson, E., 1959, Radio-carbon analysis of oceanic
CO,,: Intcrnatl. Jour. appl. Rad. Isotopes, v. 7, p. 1-18.
Cagiano de Azcvcdo, M., 1973, Un trionfo e ttua sconfiua: M. A'olconios C A'ulsiniunl:
La Parola del Passato, in press.
Chanter, G., 1964, Aualisi polliuica della torba recentemente raccolta alla fronts
(lel ghiacciaio (let Rutor: Corn. Glaceol. Italiano Boll., ser. 2, v. 14, p. 9-19.
Noakes, J. E., Isbell, A. 1'., Stipp, J. J., and Hood, I). W., 1963, Benzene synthesis
by low temperause catalysis for radiocarbon dating: Geocltitn. et Cosnrochinr.
Acta, v. 27, p. 797-804.
Noakes, J. F., Kim, S. M., and Akers, L. K., 1967, Recent improvements in benzene
chemistry for radiocarbon dating: Ccochim. et Cosnrochint. Acta, v. 31, p. 1094-
-
-
-
1096.
Noakes, J. E., Kim, S. M., and Stipp, J. J., 1965, Chemical and counting advances in
liquid scintillation age dating: 6th internatl. cont. radiocarbon and trititun
dating Proc., Pullman, Washington, June 7-11, 1965, p. 68-92.
Peretti, L., 1964, Stilla prescnta di torba tiella morena deposta duraute gli ultimi anoi
alla frottte attcale del ghiacciaio occidentale del Rutor: Corn. Glaceol. Italiano
Boll., set-. 2, v. 14, p. 1-59.
Polaclr, I. A. amt Stipp, J. J., 1967, Improved synthesis techniques for methane and
benzene radiocarbon dating: Intcrnatl. Jour. appl. Rad. Isotopes, v. 18,
p 159 361.
Sclli, R., 1915-46, La stratigr l(ia di III) pozzo profondo pcrfor tto presso Pontcl
tgoscuro
(Ferrara): Gior. di Gcol., scr. 2, v. 18, p. 53-72.
'1onrasi, 1)., 1963, I laglti del 'I ientino: Rocereto, Manfrini Editors.
Uuteigasser, S., 1935, Elementi morlometrici del Lago di 'I'enno: Studi I leutini ci.
Nat., v. 16, p. 144-145.
V'enzo, S., 1935, Ricerche limnologiche trentine: it Lago di Teetto-Ceuui geograficogeologici: Studi 1 retrtini Sci. Nat., v. 16, p. 133-144.
[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 15,
No. 2, 1973, P. 388-424]
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS VIII*
ROBERT STUCKENRATH and JAMES E. MIELKE
Radiation Biology Laboratory, Smithsonian Institution,
12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. 20852
INTRODUCTION
This list includes samples completed to July, 1972. All samples are
counted for at least 2500 min., and X2 analyses are made on 100-min.
print-outs. Errors quoted are 1Q, derived from sample, background, and
NBS oxalic acid standard measurements, adjusted where appropriate
for small-sample dilution.
Shell samples are pretreated with IN HCl to remove outer portion,
and sample CO_ is evolved using 501,,, H;PO1,. Except where noted, all
other samples are pretreated with hot 2% NaOH and 2N HCl. CO, is
converted to CH4 in a static bomb reactor with ruthenium metal catalyst,
using H. generated from "dead" H.2O. Radon is extracted from CH4
by passing it through charcoal at -30°C, following the technique of
H. W. Krueger of Geochron Laboratories.
SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS
1.
Gh:0LOGIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC SAMPLES
Alhoran Basin series, W Mediterranean
Samples from several localities on sediment surface in Alboran
Basin, W Mediterranean. Coll. 1970 and 1971 and subm. by D. J. Stanley,
Smithsonian Inst.
13,430 ± 360
SI-664.
Xaven Bank, 300m
11,480 B. c.
Coarse carbonate sands, 90% shell, dredged from 300m water depth,
0 to 30cm sediment depth, on Xaven Bank (33° 26' N Lat, 4° 15' 42"
X Long).
SI-665.
Xaven Bank, 234m
11,605 ± 235
9655 B.c.
Coarse calcareous sand, 90% sltell, dredged front 234m water depth,
sediment depth, on Xaven Bank (35° 25' 30" N Lat, 4° 22'
12" W Long).
0 to 30cm
3840 ± 120
1890 B.c.
W Alhoran Ridge, 86m
Coarse brown carbonate sand, 90% shell, Shipek grab sample from
861n water depth, 0 to 20cm sediment depth, on W Alboran Ridge
(35° 34' N Lat, 3° 33' E Long).
SI-666.
SI-667.
Alboran Ridge, 97m
6605 ± 180
4655 B.c.
Coarse calcareous sand, 90% shell, Shipek grab sample from 97m
" Published with the approval of the Secretary of the Smithsonian
388
Institution.
Robert Stuckcn.rath and James E. Mielke
389
water depth, 0 to 20cm sediment depth, on Alboran Ridge (36° 00' 05"
N Lat, 2° 50' 48" E Long).
9400 ± 185
E Gibraltar Strait, 823m
7450 B.C.
Coarse calcareous sand, 90') shell, from 823ni water depth, 0 to
20cm sediment depth, in L Gibraltar Strait (35° 57' 48" N Lat, 5° 23'
24" L Long).
SI-668.
295 ± 45
SI-884. Algal ball, 5On
A.D. 1655
Algal hall on sediment surface, 50m water depth, in Alboran Sea
(33° 55' N Lat, 3° 00' W Long).
SI.885. Algal ball, 30ni
101.5% modern
Algal ball on sediment surface at 30m water depth in Alboran Sea
(36° 00' N Lat, 3° 00' \ V Long).
11,385 ± 145
SI-886. Calcareous algae, 50m
9435 B.c.
Calcareous algae from sediment surface, 50m water depth on Xaven
Bank (35° 25' N Lat, 4° 00' W Long).
Alboran split series, W Mediterranean
Three portions of a single sample, water depth 50m, on sediment
surface in Alboran Basin (35° 10' N Lat, 3° 10' W Long), W Mediterranean. Sample was sorted by shell varieties, and each portion dated.
Coll. 1970 and subm. by D. J. Stanley.
SI-881.
Alboran gastropods
6590 ± 280
4640 B.c.
SI.883.
Alboran coralline algae
6930 ± 240
4980 B.c.
3085 ± 160
SI-882. Alboran ectoprocts
1135 B.C.
General Comment: while dates for gastropods and coralline algae agree
(340 ± 370 = 0.9(y), date for ectoprocts differs significantly (3675 -L
2,15 = 15a) from average age of other fractions (6760 -±- 185
yr). Difference casts some doubt upon reliability of ages obtained on undifferentiated shell samples in these and other series.
Mediterranean core series
Foraminifera from sphincter cores in W Alboran Basin, Mediterranean. Coll. 1969 and subm. by 1). J. Stanley (Huang, Stanley, and
Stuckenrath, 1972).
W Alboran Core 92 (35° 42' N Lat, 4° 15' W Long)
SI-669. Core 92, 340 to 360cm
From pelagic clay beneath upper sand layer.
11,280 ± 230
9330 B.C.
390
Robert Stnekenratla and James F. Alielke
14,620 ± 410
12,670 B.C.
SI-670. Core 92, 558 to 578cm
From pelagic clay beneath lower sand layer.
15,780 ± 470
13,830 B.C.
SI-671. Core 92, 710 to 730cm
From gray pelagic clay, lowest part of core.
W Alboran Core
95 (35° 39' 12" N
Lat, 4° 08' 12"
NV
Long)
SI-672. Core 95, 50 to 70cm
From yellow-brown pelagic clay near sediment surface.
2835 ± 155
885 B.C.
8275 ± 195
6325 B.c.
SI-673. Core 95, 295 to 315cm
In gray pelagic clay beneath upper sand layer. Continent: small
sample, diluted.
9560 ± 250
7610 B.C.
SI-674. Core 95, 420 to 440cm
From gray pelagic clay in upper part of bioturbated layer. Comrnent: small sample, diluted.
10,780 ± 270
SI-675. Core 95, 490 to 510cm
8830 B.C.
From gray pelagic clay beneath bioturbated layer.
13,895 ± 345
SI-676. Core 95, 680 to 700cm
11,945 B.C.
From gray pelagic clay, deepest part of (ore. Conmtent: small sample,
diluted.
W Alboran Core 107 (36°
0)N Lat, 4°
25'
NV
Long)
725 ± 105
SI.677. Core 107, 0 to 20cm
A.D. 1225
From yellow-brown pelagic clay near sediment surface.
SI-678. Core 107, 450 to 470cm
From gray pelagic clay above turbidite layer.
19,055 ± 695
17,105 E.C.
Ward Hunt Ice Shelf series, Ellesmere I., Canada
Shells, id. by Joseph Rosewater, from Ward Hunt I. (83° N Lat,
74° W Long), N.W.T., Canada. Samples are part of study to determine
formation and growth of the ice shelf with climatic change, and to
establish a rebound curve for N coast of Ellesmere I. Coll. 1960 by J. B.
Lyons; subm. by J. F. M-lielke, (Lyons and \Iielke, Hiss. in preparation).
7755 ± 150
5805 B.C.
SI-718. Ward Hunt I., 38m
Hiatella (rctica Linne from emerged beach at +38m, N side Ward
Hunt I. Comment: cf. L-248A: 7200 ± 200 (Science, 1956, v. 124, p. 162).
Smithsonian Institution Radiocarbon Measurements VIII
391
5950 ± 155
SI-720. Ward Hunt I., 5m
4000 B.C.
Hiatella aretica Linne from energed beach at +5m, L side Ward
Hunt
I.
6815 ± 190
NE Ward Hunt I., basement ice
4865 B.c.
Astarte and Vermetus front basement ice at junction with moat ice
near ridge and trough system 1.6km NNL of NE tip of Ward Hunt I.
ST-721.
3990 ± 130
SI-722. SE Ward Hunt I., ice thrust
2040 B.C.
Hiatella aretica Linne, Astarte, and Vermetns in ice thrust structures at SE end Ward Hunt I.
4775 ± 120
SI-723. Camp Creek ice rise
2825 B.C.
Iliatella aretica Linne found beneath Camp Creek ice rise from till
being uncovered by ablation.
5735 ± 110
SI-724. Rainbow Hill
3785 B.C.
Hiatella aretica Linne from area between Rainbow Hill and Camp
Creek ice rise, +I oin.
7045 ± 190
SI-725. Camp Creek
5095 B.C.
Hiatella aretica Linne, Astarte, and Vernietns from 0.8km above
noutli of Camp Creek, +30m.
3680 ± 100
SI-727. Ellesmere I., basement ice
1730 n.c.
Hiatella aretica Linne and Astarte from basement ice near moat
near Ellesmere I., S edge of ice shelf.
Ward Hunt I. series, N.W.T.
Shell and sponge material from ice-thrust structures on SE shore
of Ward Hunt I. (83° 04' N Lat, 74° 05' W Long), N.W.T. Age may
represent time of extinction due to brackish- or fresh-water poisoning
of marine bottom fauna beneath original Ward Hunt Ice Shelf. Coll.
1969 and subm. by ). E. Mielke.
3645 ± 120
SI-638. Shell
1695 B.C.
Astarte, Hiatella aretica Linne, and Liiitatada.
13,200 ± 440
SI-719-A. Sponge, carbonate fraction
11,250 B.C.
Calcilutite assoc. with siliceous sponge material.
3400 ± 140
SI-719-B. Sponge, organic fraction
1450 B.c.
Organic fraction of sane sponge as SI-719-A, above. Comment: cf.
L-284: 400 ± 150 (Science, 1956, v. 124, p. 162).
Robert Stuckenrath and James E. Mielke
392
Lake "A", Ellesmere I., N.W.T.
Two samples of saline water from bottom of unnamed lake in
raised fiord on N coast Ellesmere 1. (83° N Lat, 75° 20' W Long), N.W.T.
This is the density stratified lake, l6kni S\V of Ward Hunt I., discussed
by Hattersley-Smith et al. (1970). Dates entrapment of seawater by isostatic rebound. Present sill alt. is 5m. Coll. 1969 and subm. by J. E.
Mielke.
SI-730.
4590 ± 150
2640 B.C.
SI-731.
4315 ± 140
2365 B.C.
4590 ± 155
2640 B.C.
SI.729. Lake "C", Ellesmere I., N.W.T.
Unnamed density stratified lake in emerged fiord on N coast Ellesmere 1. (82° 52' N Lat, 78° W Long). This is Lake "C" discussed by
Hattersley-Smith et al. (1970), S of Bromley I. in Taconite Inlet. Age of
seawater dates entrapment. Coll. 1969 and subm. by J. E. Mielke.
Blake Plain Core C-4 series, W Atlantic
Fine carbonates in turbidite layers from Core C-4 (26° 27' N Lat,
75° 53' W Long), in Blake Plain sediments, NV Atlantic. Coll. 1971 and
subm. by J. W. Pierce, Smithsonian Inst.
25,365 ± 2370
23,415 B.C.
SI-957. Blake Plain C-4, 129 to 145cm
8C'3 = -126%0
Fine carbonates, 129 to 145cm sediment depth, Core C-4. Comment:
small sample, diluted.
31,365 ± 2040
29,415 B.C.
SI-958. Blake Plain C-4, 215 to 231cm
8013=+3.0
o
Fine carbonates, 215 to 231cm sediment depth, Core C-4. Comment:
small sample, diluted.
SI-959.
>40,800
Blake Plain C-4, 315 to 340cm
8013 = +1.26j,jo
Fine carbonates, 315 to 340cm sediment depth, Core C-4. Comment:
small sample, diluted.
Blake Plain Core C-6 series, W Atlantic
Fine carbonates in turbidite layers from Core C-6 (26° 05' N Lat,
75° 46' 30" W Long), in Blake Plain sediments, W Atlantic. Coll. 1971
and subm. by J. W. Pierce.
>39,700
SI-960. Blake Plain C-6, 908 to 920cm
6013
Fine carbonates, 908 to 920cm sediment depth, Core C-6.
Sunith.sonian Institution Radiocarbon Measurements VIII
SI-961.
Blake Plain C-6, 987 to 998cm
SCI3
393
>42,500
=
-1.77,
Fine carbonates. 987 to 998cm sediment depth, Core C-6.
Blake Plain Core C-19 series, W Atlantic
Fine carbonates in turbidite layers from Core C-l9 (25° 35' N Lat,
77° 01' AV Long), in Blake Plain sediments, W Atlantic. Coll. 1971 and
subm. by J. W. Pierce.
SI-962.
4130 ± 100
2180 B.C.
Blake Plain C-19, 90 to 105cm
6C'3
_
+1.9%0
Fine carbonates, 90 to 105cm sediment depth, Core C-19.
SI-963.
7170 ± 60
5220 B.C.
Blake Plain C-19, 236 to 246cm
8C'3
=
-12G%c
Fine carbonates, 236 to 246em sediment depth, Core C-19.
SI-964.
Blake Plain C-19, 328 to 338cm
15,995 ± 210
14,045 B.C.
6C'I
Fine carbonates, 328 to 338cm sediment depth, Core C-19.
North Carolina shelf series
Mollusks, id. by Blake Blackwelder, picked from samples of cemented
sandstone and magnesium calcite from break of continental shelf off
coast of N Carolina. Samples coll. at depths 30m or greater, and have
temperate affinities. Coll. 1967 and subm. by 1. G. Macintyre, Smithsonian Inst. (Millixnan and Emery, 1968; Macintyre and Milliman, 1970).
15,105 ± 310
SI-1095. N Carolina Shelf 7845
13,155 B.c.
Fragments of Busycou sp. and Mactra sp., Site 7845 (34° 06' 30"
N Lat, 76° 15' 30" W Long), 73 to 74ni water depth.
11,190 ± 185
SI-1096. N Carolina Shelf 7848
9240 B.C.
Fragments of Columbella mercatoria Linnc, Glycerrneris pectinata
Gmelin, Colubraria lanceolata Meuke, Cuprarea spurca acicularis Gmelin,
Glycerrneris americania DeFrance, Olivella sp. cf. O. nautica Say, Fasciolaria sp., Pranum spicinum Menke, and Vernericardia perplana Conrad,
Site 7848 (34° 09' 06" N Lat, 76° 11' W Long), at 68 to 95m water depth.
22,265 ± 980
SI-1097. N Carolina Shelf 8085
20,315 B.C.
Fragments of Trivis pediculus Linnc, Astarte nana Dall, Turritella
exoleta Linnc, Glycerrneris pectinata Gmelin, Glycerrneris arnericania
DeFrance, Vernericardia perplana Conrad, Turbo castaneus Gmelin,
Robert Stuckenratli and [attics P. Mielkc
394
Nassarius ambiguus Pulteney, and Prunum aspiciuon Menke, Site 8085
(34° 03' 33" N Lat, 76° 15' 53" W Long), at 92 to 102m water depth.
12,365 ± 270
10,415 B.C.
8200
SI-1098. N Carolina Shelf
Fragments of Glycernieris pectinata Gmelin, Olivella sp., cf. O.
Mutica Say, Astarte nana Dall, Nassarius a7nbignus Pulteney, Trivia sp.
cf. T. pcdiculus Linne (worn), Cvpraea sp. (juvenile), Pitar (juvenile),
aspicinum Menke, Vernericardia triCylichna sp., Busycou sp., Pitt ii
dentata Say, Vernericardia perplana Conrad, and Turbo castaneus
Gmelin, Site 8200 (33° 58' 24" N Lat, 76° 22' 24" W Long), at 99 to
108m water depth.
N Carolina Shelf 2737
12,485 ± 210
10,535 B.C.
SI-1099.
Fragments of Glycermeris pectinata Gmelin, Astarte nana Dall,
Olivella sp. cf. O. inutica Say, Vernericardia tridentata Say, Cylichna
sp., and Nassarius anibiguus Pulteney, Site 2737 (34° OF 24" N Lat,
76° 17' 54" W Long), at 88 to 89m water depth.
Secas Island series, Panama
Calcareous corals (Pocilliopora sp.), id. by P. W. Glynn, from 2
adjacent sites on coral reef in Secas 1. (7° 57' N Lat, 82° 01' W Long),
Panama. Samples dated to estimate rate of accretion of coral reef for
comparison with predation attrition rates. Coll. 1971 and subm. by
P. W. Glynn, Smithsonian "Prop. Res. Inst.
Secas sequence 1
SI-893. Secas-1, 0.5m
Apparent age:
25
±
Modern
150.
Modern
SI-894. Secas-1, 1.Om
Apparent age: 50 ± 105.
400 ± 70
SI.895.
Secas-1, 2.Om
A.D.
1550
SI-896.
Secas-1, 2.7m
A.D.
1820
130 ± 85
Secas sequence 2
SI-897. Secas-2, 0.3m
SI-898.
Secas-2, 0.6m
SI-899.
Secas-2, 0.9m
101.4% modern
105.1% modern
104.6% modern
610
SI-900.
Secas-2, 1.2m
A.D.
1340
SI-901.
Secas-2, 1.5m
A.D.
1665
-!-
110
285 ± 110
Smithsonian Institution Radiocarbon Measurements VIII
SI-902.
Secas-2, 1.7m
A.D.
395
400 ± 65
1550
7070 ± 90
5120 B.c.
SI-1049. Mt. Katahdin hob, Maine
Organic material from bottom sediment of 3 adjacent cores of bog
on E slope Mt. Katahdin (45° 55' N Lat, 68° 53' W Long), 100m W of
Halfway Rock, 100m N of Roaring Brook Trail, Maine. Bog surface
+ 700ni. Crone of Picea mariana, id. by R. B. Davis, from bottom of 3rd
core, 8.8ni below bog surface. Coll. 1971 and subm. by H. W. Borns
Jr., Univ. Maine. Coninncnt: NaOH-soluble portion, SI-1049A: 6700
-
155.
SI-1048.
Norse Pond, Maine
12,175 ± 120
10,225 B.c.
Mytilus fragments from 4.35 to 4.5m below sediment surface in
Norse Pond (42° 30' N Lat, 67° 07' W Long), Maine. Sample believed
to represent offlap of sea during emergence of land. Coll. 1971 and subm.
by R. B. Davis, Univ. Maine.
245 ± 60
A.D. 1705
SI-970. Madison Dunes, Maine
Charred wood from 2cm bed of charred organic matter in buried
soil, developed on and overlain by fine-grained eolian sand, 4m below
sparsely vegetated top surface at Madison Dunes (44° 47' N Lat, 69° 47'
W Long), 6km E of Madison, Maine. Sample dated to determine if this
period of dune activity was a recent reactivation. Coll. 1971 by J. B.
McKeon; subm. by H. W. Borns, Jr.
Orton Ranch series, SE Alaska
Samples from vicinity of Orton Ranch (55° 36' N Lat, 131° 35'
W Long), on Naha R., Revillagigedo I., SE Alaska. Id. by Joseph Rosewater. Coll. 1971 and subm. by Robert Stuckenrath.
8420 ± 130
6470 B.c.
SI-905. Orton Ranch Shell Bed 1
Saxidomus nuttalli Conrad from bed of Naha R. at Orton Ranch,
est. at +10m. Living examples are found intertidally from S Alaska
to California.
7230 ± 115
5280 B.c.
SI-906. Orton Ranch Shell Bed 2
Cardium cilliatum Fabricius from same shell bed as SI-905, above.
Living examples are distributed circuinpolarly.
575 ± 80
A.D. 1375
SI-911. Orton Ranch, 35cm
Charred wood from 35cm below surface in test pit beside Naha R.
shell bed, land surface 2.7m above R. Sample from I0cm band of fine
gray-brown sand, below 25cm brown loam, and overlying coarse gray
pebbly sand.
Robert Stuckenrath and James E. Mielke
396
SI-912.
Orton Ranch, 40cm
A.D.
995 ± 80
955
Twigs from 40cm below surface in upper part of coarse gray pebbly
sand underlying SI-911, above, and overlying brown peat.
1660 ± 100
SI-913. Orton Ranch, 75cm
A.D. 290
Twigs from brown peat, 75cm below surface, underlying coarse gray
pebbly sand of SI-912, above. Peat grades into gray clay and local water
table 30cm below sampling point.
Karta Bay series, SE Alaska
Shell samples from SE tip of Sandy Point (55° 31' N Lat, 132° 30'
W Long), at junction of Karta Bay and Twelvemile Arm, Kasaan Bay,
Prince of Wales I., SE Alaska. Coll. 1971 and subm. by Robert Stuckenrath.
500 ± 45
SI-914. Karta Bay, lm
A.D. 1450
Shell fragments from bed at + lm, overlain by 10cm forest soil.
SI-915. Karta Bay, modern intertidal
Modern
Shell fragments from intertidal Zone 30 E of site of SI-914, above,
as modern control. Apparent age: 35 -± 150.
Extinction series, Alaska
Samples from specimens of extinct mammals in collns. of Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist., New York. Coll. by O. W. Geist; subm. and id. by R. D.
Guthrie, Univ. Alaska.
20,445 ± 885
SI-837. Fairbanks Creek Bison I
18,945 B.c.
Bison horn sheath (1042) from Fairbanks Cr. (65° 04' N Lat, 147°
10' W Long), Fairbanks Co., Alaska. Coll. 1952.
17,170 ± 840
SI-838. Fairbanks Creek Bison II
15,220 B.c.
Bison horn sheath (1014) from Fairbanks Cr., same locality as SI-837,
above. Coll. 1952.
31,980 ± 4490
SI-843. Fairbanks Bison
30,030 B.c.
Bison preoccidentalis horn sheath (30530) from unknown site near
Fairbanks, Alaska. Comment: small sample, diluted.
21,065 ± 1365
SI-839. Cripple Creek Bison I
19,115 B.c.
Bison horn sheath (4037) from Cripple Cr. ((i4° 49' N Lat, 148° OF
IV Long), Alaska. Coll. 1947. Comment: small sample, diluted.
SI-840. Cripple Creek Bison II
>39,000
Bison horn sheath (4038) from Cripple Cr., same locality as SI-839,
above. Coll. 1947.
Smithsonian Institution Radiocarbon Measuaements VIII
397
29,295 ± 2440
27,345 B.C.
SI-842. Cripple Creek Bison III
Bison horn sheath (46928) from Cripple Cr., same locality as SI-839
and S1-840, above. Coll. 1940. Comment: small sample, diluted.
18,000 ± 200
16,050 B.c.
SI-841. Manley Hot Springs bison
Bison horn sheath (4002) from Manley Hot Springs (65° N Lat,
149°
AV
Long), Alaska. Coll. 1948.
>35,000
SI-844. Little Eldorado Cr. bison
N Lat,
Cr.
(65°
06'
Bison horn sheath (46890) from Little Eldorado
147° 41' AV Long), Alaska. Coll. 1938.
5340 ± 110
3390 B.C.
SI-845. Goldstream bison
Horn sheath of Bison preoccidentalis (46884) front Goldstream area
(64° 57' N Lat, 147° 35' W Long), Alaska. Coll. 1939. Comment: (late
obviously does not represent Bison preoccideiitalis.
25,090 ± 1070
23,140 B.c.
Upper Cleary Cr. symhos
Symbos horn sheath (A-235-1002) from Upper Cleary Cr. (65° 05'
SI-850.
N Lat, 147° 20' W Long), Alaska. Coll. 1939. Comment: small sample,
diluted.
17,695 ± 445
15,745 B.c.
Dome Cr. symhos
Symbos horn sheath (A-651-3006) from Dome Cr., Fairbanks Co.,
Alaska, exact site unknown. Coll. 1952.
General Comment: all samples were pretreated with cold 2% NaOH
SI-851.
followed by cold 2N HCl.
470 ± 90
SI-852. Chester Cr. bison, Alaska
A.D. 1480
Horn sheath of Bison occidentalis, id. by K. D. Guthrie, from exposure 3m downstream from Chester Cr. Bridge along Campbell Airstrip
Rd. (61° N Lat, 150° W Long), Anchorage, Alaska. Coll. 1969 by Frederick Hadley-West; subnt. by K. D. Guthrie. Comment: pretreated with
cold 2% NaOH and cold 2N HCl. Date obviously does not represent
Bison occidentalis.
Natazhat Glacier series, Yukon Terr.
Samples from deposit between 2 tills at terminus of Natazliat Glacier
(60° 36' N Lat, 140° 54' NV Long), 48km SW of Koidern, Yukon Terr.
Bed, 1.1m thick, lies above modern timberlane, and provides key stratigraphic horizon for area, dating glacier retreat and higher treeline. Coll.
1970 and subm. by G. H. Denton, Univ. Maine.
Robert Stuckenrath and James E. Mielke
398
ST-1100.
3050 ± 55
1100 B.C.
Natazhat Glacier, bed base
8C13
=
-24.5%,;
Wood, probably white spruce, id. by B. F. Kukachka, from base of
forest bed deposit.
SI-1101. Natazhat Glacier, peat
Organic silt and peat from base of forest bed deposit.
2675 ± 85
725 B.C.
3060 ± 50
SI-1102. Natazhat Glacier, bed top
1110 B.C.
Wood, probably white spruce, from top of forest bed deposit.
11,100 ± 120
Capps, While R. Valley, Alaska
9150 B.C.
Organic silt from base of peat bog in Capps sec. at confluence of
White R. and North Fork Cr. (600 45' N Lat, 141° 35' W Long), Alaska.
Bog, 12m deep, rests on iMacauley till; date is minimum for recession of
Late Wisconsin (Macauley) ice from White R. valley. Coll. 1970 and
subm. by G. H. Denton. Comment: NaOH-sohible portion was dated
8220 ± 145 (6C13 = -25.0h0).
ST-1103.
SI-903. Prudhoe Bay wood, Alaska
>43,300
Larch (Larix, id. by B. F. Kukachka) brought to surface from depth
I83m in drilling operations at Prudhoe Bay area (69° 30' N Lat, 146°
30' W Long), Sec. 1, Twp. 1, Range 12E, Alaska. Coll. 1971 by B. P.
Alaska, Inc.; subm. by E. S. Rogers, Natl. Geog. Soc., Washington, D.C.
Comment (B.F.K.): rings shown by specimen are broader than those in
Pleistocene specimens, suggesting more equitable growth conditions.
II. ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES
A.
Iran
Tepe Ganj Dareh series, Iran
Charcoal from Level E at Tepe Ganj Dareh (34° 15' N Lat, 47°
30' E Long), near Qeysevand in Kermanshah, Iran. Assoc. with faunal
remains, early Neolithic flint artifacts, and occasional clay figurines, but
no solid architecture. Coll. 1971 and subm. by P.E.L. Smith, Univ.
Montreal (Young and Smith, 1966; Smith, 1970).
8570 ± 210
SI-922. Level E, 6.7 to 6.8m
6620 B.C.
Charcoal from clepth 6.7 to 6.8m in zone immediately below living
floor at 6.55m.
8625 ± 195
SI-923. Level E, 7.5 to 7.6m
6675 B.C.
Charcoal from depth 7.5 to 7.6m, from top zone of large fire pit at
base of mound, dug into virgin soil, and partially filled with stones covering an accumulation of ash and charcoal.
Smithsonian Institution Radiocarbon Measurements VIII
399
8640 ± 90
SI-924. Level E, 7.6 to 7.8m
6690 B.c.
Charcoal from depth 7.6 to 7.8ni, from lower zone of scone firepit
as SI-923, above.
8385 ± 75
SI-925. Level E, below 7.6m
6435 n.c.
Charcoal from firepit, just above virgin soil at base of mound, 7.6m
depth.
General Commc?it: cf. other (1aites from Level E, GaK-807: 10,400 ±
150 and GaK-994: 8910 ± 170 (R., 1967, v. 9, p. 61); and P-1484: 8968
-t 100, P-1485: 9239 ± 196, and 11-1486: 8888 ± 98 (R., 1970, v. 12, p.
579).
B. Turkey
St. Sophia series, Istanbul
Portions of structural and decorative timbers from St. Sophia (411
00' 16" N Lat, 28° 59' 04" E Long), Istanbul, Turkey, dated to determine times of repair. Coll. 1969 and subm. by It. L. Van Nice, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
85 ± 55
SI-778. SW pier
A.D. 1865
Wood From decorated box surrounding timber in partition joining
SW pier and buttress in S gallery.
195 ± 50
SI-779. S gallery
A.D. 1755
\'Vood from decorated box surrounding built-in strut in arch spanning small opening above secondary columns, S gallery.
1545 ± 85
51-781. SW secondary pier
A.D. 405
Decorated box surrounding timber connecting SW secondary pier
and coupled colunnis, A-V side, N end.
1320 ± 80
St-782. Timber, SW secondary pier
A.D. 630
Working timber connecting SW secondary pier and coupled columns,
N end.
General Comment: outer surfaces were removed to avoid possible contantination by varnish and pigeon droppings. 51-778 and SI-779 may
represent replacements with old wood (luring renovations of A.D. 1847
to 1849. S[-781 and SI-782 may represent initial construction Of A.D. 53-2
to 537, or early repairs.
C. British Isles
Dun Ailinne series, Ireland
Charcoal from stratified hill fort at Dun Ailinne (53° 13' N Lat,
6° 35' W Long), Knockaulin Townland, Kilcullen, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
Coll. 1969 and subm. by Bernard Wailes, Univ. Mum, Philadelphia.
Robert Stuckeurath and James F. Alielkc
400
2165 ± 70
215 B.C.
SI-977. Dun Ailinne 1
Charcoal from 1 of last 3 Iron age levels.
1950 ± 80
SI-979. Dun Ailinne 3
Charcoal, occupation material from
1 B.C.
1
of last
3
Iron age levels.
2490 ± 85
SI-981. Dun Ailinne 5
Charcoal from occupation in
540 B.C.
1
of last
3
Iron age levels.
2075 ± 80
125 B.C.
SI-986. Dun Ailinne 10
Charcoal from fill of Feature 36, Iron age Phases
4, 5,
SI-987. Dun Ailinne 11
Charcoal from fill of Feature 33, Iron age Phases
A.D. 95
4, 5, and 6.
SI-985. Dun Ailinne 9
Charcoal from fill of Trench A, Iron age Phases
A.D. 195
and 4.
and
6.
1855 ± 50
1755 ± 90
3
1930 ± 85
SI-978. Dun Ailinne 2
Charcoal from fill of Trench B, Iron age Phases
to be contemporary with SI-980, below.
SI-980. Dun Ailinne 4
Charcoal from fill of Trench A, Iron
A.D. 20
3 or 4. Expected
1900 ± 85
50
A.D.
age Phases 3 and 4.
2370-85
420 B.C.
SI-983. Dun Ailinne 7
Charcoal from occupation contemporary with Iron age Phases 2,
and 4.
SI-984. Dun Ailinne 8
Charcoal from fill of Feature 60, Iron age Phases
2200 ± 50
250 B.C.
2
and
3.
3220 ± 55
1270 B.C.
SI-982. Dun Ailinne 6
of Late
vessel
food
with
sherds
of
pit,
assoc.
shallow
Charcoal from
Neolithic or Early Bronze age.
Silbury Hill series, England
Fractions of cut sod buried in course of secondary construction of
Silbury Hill (51° 25' N Lat, 1° 52' W Long), England. Samples dated
to determine feasibility of dating prehistoric earthworks by dating sod
Smithsonian Institution Radiocarbon Measurements VIII
401
or turf buried during construction. Coll. 1969 by Bernard Wailes; subm.
by Robert Stuckenrath.
4675 ± 110
2725 B.C.
SI-910-A. Silbury Hill sod, 2mm
Organic matter from sod, retained on 2mm screen.
5995 ± 185
4045 B.C.
SI-910-AH. Silbury Hill, 2mm NaOH
SI-910-A,
above.
portion
of
NaOH-soluble
4315 ± 110
2365 B.C.
SI-910-B. Silbury Hill sod, 1 to 2mm
Organic matter from sod, retained on 1mm screen, passed by 2mm
screen.
4570 ± 120
2620 B.C.
5I-910-C. Silbury Hill sod, 0.5 to 1mm
Organic matter from sod, retained on 0.5mm screen, passed by 1mm
screen.
SI-910-CH. Silbury Hill, 0.5-1mm, NaOH
NaOH-soluble portion of SI-910-C, above.
4465 ± 130
2515 B.C.
4530 ± 110
2580 B.C.
SI.910-D. Silbury Hill, <0.5mm
Organic matter from sod passed by 0.5mm screen. Comment: sample
impossible to filter after boiling in 2°%o NaOH; reacidified and (late is
for whole sample.
General Comment: no explanation is offered for SI-910-AH; excluding
this date, average age of series is 4510 ± 50 yr.
E. Labrador--Newfonndland
2200 ± 120
250 B.C.
SI-875. Red Rock Point, Labrador
Charcoal from hearth 0 to 8cm below surface in Dorset Site GeBk-2,
Red Rock Point 2 (54° 41' 30" N Lat, 57° 44' W Long), Labrador.
Assoc. with one of the later Dorset tool assemblages in Hamilton Inlet
area. Coll. 1969 and subm. by W. W. Fitzhugh, Smithsonian Inst. (Fitzhugh, 1972).
4810 ± 115
2860 B.C.
SI-877. Sandy Cove 4, Labrador
Charcoal from hearth in Site GcBk-4, Sandy Cove 4 (54° 18' N Lat,
57° 45' W Long), Labrador. Hearth, 15cm below surface, was overlain
by sterile sandy layer. Assoc. with Sandy Cove complex materials,
stemmed points, quartz knives, ground slate tools, and red ocher-all
characteristic of early subdivision of Maritime Archaic in central Labrador. Coll. 1969 by S. L. Cox; subm. by W. W. Fitzhugh (Fitzhugh, 1972).
Comment (WAVY.): 1st (late for early Maritime Archaic Sandy Cove
complex in Hamilton Inlet. Date agrees with geologic estimate based on
Robert Stuckenrath and James E. Mielke
emergence of 14m terrace on which Sandy Cove sites were found. Cf.
dates for Maritime Archaic at Saglek, N Labrador, 4530 ± 105 and
402
3890 ± 110 (written common., J. A. Trick, Mem. Univ., St. Johns,
Newfoundland.
Hound Pond 4 series, Labrador
Charcoal from hearths in Site GcBi-18, Hound Pond 4 (54° 27' 30"
N Lat, 57° 28' W Long), Groswater Bay, Hamilton Inlet, Labrador,
+ 12m. Samples from cultural zone in leached gray sand beneath 20 to
30cm peat layer. Present surface vegetation is tundra with permafrost,
but believed to have been spruce forest. Assoc. with lanceolate biface of
red quartzite, assymetric knives, and ground slate colt. Coll. 1971 and
subm. by AN. W. Fitzhugh (1972).
3195 ± 120
SI-927. Hound Pond 4, Pit 1
1245 B.C.
3095 ± 105
SI-928. Hound Pond 4, Pit 3
1145 B.C.
General Comment (W.W.F.): dates confirm age estimates of Charles
complex in Lake Melville, and indicate a camp site here considerably
above active beach line, unusual in sites found thus far in Hamilton
Inlet area.
Rattler Bight 1 series, Labrador
Rattlers Bight 1 (54° 27' N Lat, 57° 26' W Long), Groswater Bay,
Hamilton Inlet, Labrador, is a large summer occupation site, +6.7m of
Rattlers Bight phase of Maritime Archaic in central Labrador. There
is also a small Dorset component in one area of site. Coll. 1971 and
subm. by W. W. Fitzhugh (1972).
4525 ± 155
SI-929. Rattlers Bight, Hearth 2
2575 B.C.
Charcoal from Hearth 2, from cultural zone beneath large slab cooking rock, 28cnt below surface, at N end of site. Assoc. with chipped
Ramah chert stemmed points, ground slate tools, burned animal bode,
and red ocher. Comment (W.W.F.): earliest (late for this site, and represents an occupation earlier than elsewhere on site. It dates a phase transitional between Sandy Cove complex (SI-877, above) and Rattlers Bight
phase of Maritime Archaic. Lower portion of hearth is believed to have
been used soon after emergence of the tombolo terrace on which site
is located.
3890 ± 145
SI-932. Rattlers Bight hearth
1940 B.C.
Charcoal from beneath rotting slab of hearth rock, beneath peaty
level, and 12 to 18cm below surface, +5.5m. This is lowest alt. for Maritime Archaic materials found at site, and should be terminal (late for
occupation since water-worn artifacts were found below this level. Assoc.
with ground red slate knife and Ramah chert tools of Rattlers Bight
phase.
Smithsonian Institution Radiocarbon Measurements VIII
403
2720 ± 125
770 B.C.
SI-930. Rattlers Bight Dorset
Hearth charcoal from Dorset component within area of Maritime
Archaic occupation. Scattered charcoal beneath small slab rock 16cm
below surface. Assoc. Dorset materials are typical of early Dorset found
in Groswater Bay. Comment (W.W.F.): Maritime Archaic materials were
found in this square, and the fact that this elate is several hundred yr
earlier than (late for Dorset components elsewhere in site (SI-931, below)
suggests some contamination of sample by admixture with earlier Maritime Archaic material.
2255 ± 55
305 B.C.
SI-931. Rattlers Bight Dorset 2
Hearth charcoal from Dorset component, from lower level of peaty
zone. Maritime Archaic materials appeared in this square, but only in
sandy soil levels below peaty Dorset zone.
2310 ± 50
360 B.C.
SI-1105. Rattlers Bight Shell 1
Green sea urchin, Hialella arnica, Balanus balanns, ilIytilus edulis,
Lacuna ninta Montague, Littorino obinsata, and Acznaca test 11dillalis,
id. by W. W. Fitzhugh, from within extensively frost-worked beach
deposit, 0 to 0.5m thick, +4ni.
2545 ± 55
SI-1106. Rattlers Bight Shell 2
595 B.C.
Green sea urchin, Pyraniidella fusca, Aporrhais occidentalis, Mytiluis
edulis, Balantts balanns, Littorina obtusata, and Hiatella arctica, id. by
NV. AV. Fitzhugh, from within extensively frost-worked beach deposit,
0
to 0.5m thick, +5111.
5610 ± 115
SI-1104. Grenfell Mission shell, Labrador
3660 B.C.
illytilns edlulis, id. by Wesley Blake, from shell lens in 10cm claysliell matrix 30 to 40cm below surface in front of hospital at Internail.
Grenfell Mission, 140m NE of North West R. (53° 31' 30" N Lag 60°
08' 40" W Long), Labrador. Beach sands and sand-cobble mixtures lie
both above and below sample horizon, believed extensive. Horizon lies
at +4.9m in Lake Melville. Coll 1968 and subm. by W. W. Fitzhugh
(Fitzhugh, 1972). Comments: sample cleaned and pretreated at Geological
Survey of Canada Lab.
date seems far too old for this alt.
F.
1Vezu
Brunswick
Cow Point series, New Brunswick
Charcoal samples from Site B1Dn-2, Cow Point (45° 52' 30" N Lat,
66° 11' AV Long), near hwy. between Grand Lake and MMaquapit Lake,
New Brunswick. Assoc. with late Laurentian Archaic material in burial
complex. Coll. 1970 and subm. by David Sanger, Univ. Maine.
Robert Stttckenratlz and James E. Mielke
404
3630 ± 135
SI-988. Cow Point, Burial 4
Charcoal. Comment: small sample, diluted.
SI-989.
Cow Point, Burial 13
1680 B.C.
3835 ± 115
1885 B.C.
Charcoal.
G. United States
ST-789.
Eddington Bend, Maine
3430 ± 145
1480 B.C.
Charcoal from gray crematory fill, 140cm below surface, at Eddington Bend site (4411 49' 30" N Lat, 68° 42' W Long), Penobscot Co., Maine.
This is a middle to late Archaic cemetery under later habitation site.
Coll. 1970 and subm. by D. R. Snow, SUNY, Albany. Comment (D.R.S.):
dates near end of Moorehead complex; see M-90: 3350 ± 400 (Science,
1956, v. 124, p. 668); and Byers (1959).
Indian I. series, Maine
Charcoal from Indian I. site (44° 57' N Lat, 68° 39' W Long),
Penobscot Co., Maine. Coll. 1970 and subm. by D. R. Snow.
1600 ± 115
SI-790. Indian 1., 32
A.D. 350
Charcoal from Feature 32, 70cm below surface, from hearth assoc.
with dentate rocker-stamped pottery and a medicine bundle containing
shark teeth, rolled copper beads, human deciduous teeth, and red ocher.
155-!-100
SI-791. Indian 1., 30
A.D. 1795
Charcoal from Feature 30, burned post mold assumed part of Penobscot Indian stockade, destroyed by English in x.i). 1723. Assoc. with fragments of white kaolin pipe.
Hathaway site series, Maine
Charcoal samples from Hathaway site (45° 11' N Lat, 68° 35' W
Long), Penobscot Co., Maine. Site initially excavated by W. H. Moorehead in 1912; later excavations indicate site assoc. with a cemetery. Coll.
1969 and subm. by D. R. Snow (Byers, 1959; Snow, 1969).
5165 ± 185
SI-878. Hathaway, Burial 40
3215 B.C.
Charcoal from Burial 40, 30cm below surface, assoc. with red ocher,
gouges, and a plummet.
SI-880. Hathaway, hearth
102.4% modern
Charcoal from small hearth 24cm below surface. Comment (D.R.S.):
age suggests contamination by remains of 19th century lumber camp.
Snmitlesoniarn
Instilution Radiocarbon Measurements VIII
405
3355 ± 125
1405 B.C.
SI-887. Hathaway, ossuary
Charcoal from possible ossuary, 40cm below surface, assoc. with
shattered artifacts and burned bone.
3620 ± 150
1670 B.C.
SI-888. Hathaway, Feature IH
Charcoal from Feature 111, burial pit, assoc. with red ocher and
tool Ti enamel.
2920 ± 135
SI-889. Hathaway, Feature VI
970 B.C.
Charcoal from Feature VI, burial pit assoc. with red ocher and
tooth enamel.
3840 ± 155
1890 B.C.
SI-890. Hathaway, Feature VII
Charcoal from Feature VII, burial pit assoc. with red ocher and
tooth enamel.
General Coin went (D.R.S.): SI-878 is oldest radiocarbon (late for Moorehead complex, and supports Y-2624: 5000 -L 140 from same site. Burial
'10, with Burials 1-17, form earlier Archaic component of site. SI-887
from a possible ossuary dates the later Archaic component. SI-888 is
stratigraphically the oldest of 3 burial pits, SI-889 is stratigrapbically
the youngest, and SI-890 is between SI-888 and SI-889. All 3 pits are
assigned to the later Archaic component of site.
Healy Lake series, Alaska
Charcoal samples from Village site (64° 00' N Lat, 144° 30' WV Long),
on Healy Lake in central Alaska. Coll. 1970 and subm. by J. P. Cook,
Univ. Alaska.
10,150 ± 210
SI-737.
Chindacln complex, 30 to 36cm
SI-738.
Chindadn complex, 46 to 48cm
SI-739.
Chindadn complex, 51 to 58em
8200 B.C.
8210 ± 155
6260 B.C.
10,040 ± 210
8090 B.C.
955 ± 125
A.D. 1095
SI-742. Sag Bluffs I, Alaska
Charcoal from stone-lined hearth, 14cm below surface at Sag Bluffs
I site (69° 27' N Lat, 149° 29' W Long), N Slope, Alaska. Coll. 1970
by D. E. Derry; subm. by J. P. Cook. Assoc. with stemmed points and
flakes of possible Kavik or Ekseavik affinities.
Gallagher Flint sta. series, Alaska
Charcoal from Gallagher Flint Sta. (68° 44' N Lat, 148° 58' W Long),
in drainage of Sagavanirktok R., N Slope, Alaska. Upper stratigraphic
level is a thin black-brown organic soil, 1 to 8cm thick. Directly under
Robert Stnckenrath and James E. Miclke
406
this surface organic layer is a blanket of loess, 20 to 30cm deep, deposited
sometime after Banded Mountain-Siruk Cr. stage of Itkillik glaciation.
Coll. 1971 by James Dixon; subm. by J. P. Cook.
2920 ± 155
SI-972. Gallagher, Hearth 1
970 B.c.
Charcoal from Hearth 1, Loc. 11. Hearth lay on a few flat stones,
partially in surface organic layer and in upper loess. Assoc. with tinground burins, burin spalls, drills, end blade, side blades, stemmed
points, and unifacial knife. Artifacts appear to bear strong relationship
to Choris. Comment: nitration pretreatment for removal of roots. Additional portion was given standard NaOH and HCl pretreatment, SI972-A: 2125
±
70.
3280 ± 155
SI-973. Gallagher, Hearth 1, A
1330 B.c.
Charcoal from same hearth as SI-972, above. Coninient: small sample,
diluted. Nitration pretreatment for removal of roots. Additional portion was given standard NaOH and HC1 pretreatment, SI-973-A: 905 -!35.
10,540 ± 150
SI-974. Gallagher, Loc. I
8590 B.c.
Charcoal from Loc. I in loess deposit, 20 to 25cm below surface.
No apparent hearth, but assoc. with unifacial core and blade industry.
No type core recognized, but artifacts show possible cultural connections
with Anangula types. Comment: nitration pretreatment for removal of
roots.
2620 ± 175
SI-975. Gallagher, Loc. I-A
670 s.c.
Charcoal from Loc. I-A, intrusive upon locality 1, 3 to 9cm below
surface, no apparent hearth. Assoc. with end blade fragment, drill, and
2 bifacial point fragments, probably post-Choris affinities. Notable lack
of burins and spalls. Comment: small sample, diluted.
Akun I. series, Aleutians
Samples from 2 adjacent sites on Akun 1. (54° 08' N Lat, 165° 38'
W Long), Aleutian Is. Coll. 1971 and subm. by C. G. and J. A. Turner,
Arizona State Univ.
570 ± 65
SI-965. Chulka matting
A.D. 1380
Carbonized beach grass matting from burned pithouse roof. Assoc.
with prehistoric Aleut hunting and cooking tools; no Russian material
found at this level. Conimen.t: sample from block of midden which may
have slumped out of original position.
820 ± 60
SI-966. Chulka Level 3
A.D. 1130
Charcoal from wood fire, originated as driftwood since no trees
Snmithsonian Institution Radiocarbon Measurements VIII
407
grow at site now. Assoc. With food refuse in trash midden, with mixed
bone and stone tools.
1170 ± 90
SI-967. Chulka Level 4
A.D. 780
Charcoal from wood fire, originated as driftwood. Assoc. with prehistoric Aleut hunting and cooking tools. Human burial in this stratum
showed no evidence of Russian or American trade goods.
3105 ± 55
SI-968. Islelo
1155 B.c.
Charcoal from wood fire on Islelo site, separated from Chulka midden by shallow channel 95m wide. Assoc. with bifacial knives, unretouched flakes, no bone tools.
Izembek series, Alaska
lzembek, Site IZM-3 (55° 10' N Lat, 162° 58' W Long), is a single
component, extended occupation Eskimo house site within lzembek
Nat. Wildlife Refuge, near Cold Bay on tip of Alaskan Peninsula. Coll.
1971 and subm. by A. P. McCartncy , Univ . Arkansas.
1005 ± 105
SI-916. Izembek, House 1 hearth
A.D. 945
Charcoal from hearth area of House 1.
390 ± 95
SI-917. Izembek, House 1 fill
A.D. 1560
Charcoal from fill, 15cm above floor of House 1. Coyrtment (A.P.M.):
ground squirrel burrows in fill may account for anomalously young age.
1235 ± 105
SI-918. Izembek, House 2 fill
A.D. 715
Whale bone from fill of House 2, 40cm below surface. Comment:
date determined on collagen fraction extracted in 8°7% HC1 wash, prolonged heating at pH = 3, and centrifugation after Longin (1971). Age
at least 300 yr older than expected.
905 ± 50
SI-919. Izembek, House 2 floor
A.D. 1045
Charcoal from floor of House 2, 75cm below surface.
925 ± 95
SI-920. Izembek, House 2
A.D. 1025
Charcoal from House 2, 40cm below surface.
760 ± 90
SI-921. Izembek, House 1
A.D. 1190
Charcoal from House 1, 45cm below surface.
H. Cuba
Mogote de la Cueva series, Cuba
Charcoal from occupation and burial site (22° 44' 18" N Lat, 83°
30' 31" W Long), Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Assoc. with typical Ciboney-
Robert Stuckenrath and James E. Mielke
Cayo Redondo cultural material in Burial Cave 2. Coll. 1966 by J. M.
Guarch; subm. by Clifford Evans (Osgood, 1942).
1620 ± 150
A.D. 330
SI-424. Trench 1, 35cm
408
650 ± 200
Trench 1, 1.25m
Residuario Funche series, Cuba
Charcoal from Hidden 1, 50m diam., 2.5m higli,
SI-425.
A.D.
1300
10m from mouth
of Cueva Funche R., (21 ° 54' 12" N Lat, 84° 20' W Long), Pinar del
Rio, Cuba. Assoc. with typical Ciboney-Guayabo Blanco cultural materials, including crude hamxnerstones, flint chips, shell vessels and gouges,
and very crude ceremonial stones. Coll. 1966 by J. M. Guarch; subm. by
Clifford Evans (Rouse, 1942).
2070 ± 150
120 B.C.
0.5m
See.
A,
Block
II,
SI-426.
SI-427.
Block II, Sec. D, 0.55m
SI-428.
Block III, Sec. A, 1.4m
SI-429.
Block III, Sec. A, 1.72m
2510 ± 200
560 B.C.
3110 ± 200
1160 B.C.
4000 ± 150
2050 B.C.
I. Ecuador
Quijos Valley series, Ecuador
Samples from group of adjacent sites related to Cosanga ceramic
phase in Quijos Valley (0° 30' S Lat, 77° 50' WV Long), Napo Prov.,
Ecuador. Coll. 1967 and 1968 by P. 1. Porras, C. Univ. Quito; subin.
by Clifford Evans (Porras, Evans, and Nleggers, ins. in preparation).
690 ± 80
A.D. 1260
SI-589. Borja-Minda, 0 to 10cm
Charcoal from
0
to l0cm below surface in Borja-minda, Site BO-1.
SI-690. Borja-Minda, 30 to 40cm
Charcoal from 30 to 40cm below surface.
NaOH pretreatment omitted; diluted.
S1-591. Borja-Minda, 50cm
Charcoal from 50cm below surface.
SI-594. Borja-Minda, 70 to 80cm
Charcoal from 70 to 80cm below surface.
CoMm
2390 ± 165
440 B.C.
ent: small sample;
A.D.
140 ± 100
1810
A.D.
450 ± 90
1500
Smithsonian. Institution Radiocarbon Measurements 1'II1
SI-590. Mamallacta, 10 to 20cm
Carbonized material adhering to potsherds at
surface in Mamallacta, Site BA-7.
409
860 ± 100
A.D. 1090
10 to 20cm below
3445 ± 140
SI-685. Mamallacta, 20 to 30cm
1495 B.c.
Charred material scraped from potsherds 20 to 30cm below surface.
2615 ± 100
SI-686. Mamallacta, 40 to 50cm
665 B.C.
Charred material scraped from potsherds 40 to 50em below surface.
1600 ± 100
SI-592. Mamallacta, 50 to 60cm
A.D. 350
Carbonized material adhering to potsherds 50 to 60cm below surface.
2140 ± 120
SI-593. Mamallacta, 60 to 70cm
190 B.C.
Carbonized material adhering to potsherds 60 to 70cm below surface.
1455 ± 170
SI-684. Banco Samana, 0 to 10cm
A.D. 495
Charred material from inner surface of pot 0 to 10cm below surface
at Banco Samana, Site BA-4. Cowmen!: very small sample; NaOH pretreatment omitted; diluted.
1985 ± 170
SI-687. Banco Samana, 30 to 40cm
35 B.c.
Charred material from potsherds 30 to 40cm below surface.
140±80
SI-595. Nacimba-1, 40 to 50cm
A.B. 1810
Charred material front potsheres 40 to 50cm below surface at Na-
ciniha-1, Site BA-h.
SI-596. Baeza Centro, 50 to 60cm
Modern
Charcoal from 50 to 60acc below surface at Baeza Centro, Site BA-2.
General Comnneat (C.E.): iiiconsisteiicy of dates with seriated sequence
of pottery types is unexplainable. Recent and modern samples from 40
to 50cm depth in middle of refuse may be because modern occupants of
region charred points of fence posts before driving them into the ground.
The charred point may leave modern charcoal in the older refuse; remainder posts then rot away, leaving no evidence of disturbance in
heavy tropical rainforest.
Pacompampa series, Peru
J. Perm
Charcoal samples representative of Formative period at Pacompampa, Site P1-14 (6° 20' S Lat, 79° 01' W Long), Cajamarca, Peru.
Coll. 1970 by H. Rosas La Noire; subm. by Clifford Evans.
Robert Stuckenrath and James E.
410
Mllielke
2765 ± 135
815 B.C.
SI-792. Pacompampa, 40cm
diluted.
sample,
Charcoal, 30 to 45cm below surface. Comment: small
SI-793. Pacompampa, 65cm
Charcoal, 65cm below surface.
2855 ± 95
905 B.C.
2385 ± 155
435 B.c.
SI-794. Pacompampa, lm
Charcoal, 90cm to 1.5m below surface. Comment (C.E.): too recent;
sample excavated at later period after cut was left open, with possible
contamination from above.
Pandanche series, Peru
Charcoal, representative of Formative period at Pandanche, Site
S Lat, 79° 01' W Long), Cajamarca, Peru. Coll. 1969 by
Hermilio Rosas and Ruth Shady; subm. by Clifford Evans.
P2-B (6° 20'
2185 ± 160
235 B.C.
SI-795. Pandanche, 52cm
preNaOH
sample,
small
Comment:
level.
60cm
Charcoal, 45 to
treatment omitted; diluted.
2725 ± 150
775 B.C.
SI-796. Pandanche, 1.58m
Charcoal, 1.5 to 1.65ni level. Comment: small sample, NaOH pretreatment omitted; diluted.
2875 ± 150
925 B.c.
SI-797. Pandanche, 1.75m
Charcoal, 1.65 to 1.8m level. Comment: small sample, NaOH pretreatment omitted; diluted.
345 ± 90
A.D. 1605
SI-798. Alenya Formative, Peru
Charcoal from Formative period site at Alenya, B2 (5° 37' 05" S
Lat, 78° 30' W Long), Amazonas, Peru. Coll. 1969 by Hermilio Rosas;
subm. by Clifford Evans. Comment (C.E.): too young; mixture unexplained.
K. Brazil
do Caju series, Brazil
Charcoal from do Caju site (21° 45' S Lat, 41° 18' W Long), Mun.
Campos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Assoc. with ceramics of Mucuri phase,
Una tradition. Coll. 1968 by O. F. Dias and J. C. Oliveira, Inst. Arq.
Brazil; subm. by Clifford Evans.
720 ± 95
A.D. 1230
SI-704. do Caju, 10 to 20 cm
Charcoal from 10 to 20cm below surface. Comment: small sample,
NaOH pretreatment omitted.
Smithsonian Institution Radiocarbon Measurements VIII
411
1430 ± 65
520
SI-705. do Caju, 20 to 30cm
Charcoal from 20 to 30cm below surface.
A.D.
Sambaqui do Ury series, Brazil
Charcoal from partially destroyed shell mound, Sambaqui do Ury
S Lat, 41° 49' W Lou,;), Mun. Macae, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
This is a non-ceramic midden in which samples are assoc. with Macao
phase quartz artifacts. Coll. 1968 by O. E. Dias; subm. by Clifford Evans.
(22° 21'
3635 ± 135
1685 B.c.
SI-710. Sambaqui do Ury, 100cm
Charcoal, 100cm below surface.
3975 ± 160
2025 B.c.
SI-711. Sambaqui do Ury, 120cm
Charcoal, 120cm below surface.
Pedra Grande series, Brazil
Pedra Grande, RS-SM-7 (29° 33' S Lat, 54° 15' W Long), a preceramic rock shelter in Mun. Sao Pedro do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil. Petroglyphs pecked or engraved on rock walls, stylistically are
believed, later than those of Abrigo do Canhembora. Coll. 1971 by
J. P. Brochado; subm. by Clifford Evans.
605 ± 40
SI-1002. Pedra Grande, 4
A.D. 1345
Charcoal from refuse in Level 4, 30 to 40cm below surface, below
Tupiguarani sherd level. Assoc. with retouched flakes and chopping
tools. Comment (C.E.): (Lite is reasonable for Tupiguarani level, but
too recent for preceramic horizon, and mixture is assumed.
800 ± 40
1150
Charcoal from refuse in Level 7, 60 to 70cm below surface, and
assoc. with retouched flakes, chopping tools, and projectile points. Coinment (C.E.): (late is reasonable for Tupiguarani level, but too recent
for preceramic horizon; mixture is assumed.
2795 ± 55
SI-1004. Pedra Grande, 8
845 B.c.
Charcoal from hearth in Level 8, 70 to 80cm below surface, and
lowest level in this rock shelter. Assoc. with flakes and artifacts of preceramic Canhembora phase.
SI.1003.
Pedra Grande, 7
Abrigo do Canhembora series, Brazil
Abrigo do Canhembora, RS-MJ-14 (29° 25'
A.D.
Lat, 53° 15' W Long),
Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil. Rock shelter contains zoomorphic petroglyphs pecked or engraved
on rock walls, stylistically believed older than those of Pedra Grande
S
is preceramic rock shelter in Mun. Nova Palma,
412
Robert Stuckenrath and James E. Alielke
rock shelter, and are rare in
subm. by Clifford Evans.
S
Brazil. Coll. 1971 by J. P. Brochado;
SI-1000. Abrigo do Canhembora, 5
Charcoal from Level 5, 40 to 50cm below surface.
1165 ± 35
785
A.D.
2945 ± 85
SI.1001. Abrigo do Canhembora, 7
995 B.C.
Charcoal from Level 7, 60 to 70cm below surface, and assoc. with
Altoparanense bifaces and flakes, and zoomorphic petroglyphs.
General Comment (C.E.): dates are too recent.
Guarata ceramic series, Brazil
Charcoal assoc. with Cuarata phase of Tupiguarani Corrugated
ceramic tradition in 3 adjacent sites, Mun. de Restinga Seca, Rio Grande
do Sul, Brazil. Coll. 1969 by J. P. Brochado; subm. by Clifford Evans.
SI-999. J. Cantarelli
Modern
Charcoal from House A in J. B. Cantarelli Tupiguarani village
(29° 49' 26" S Lat, 53° 23' W Long), RS-MJ-42.
SI-819. J. B. Cantarelli, 20 to 50cm
Modern
Charcoal from Levels 1 and 2, 20 to 50cm below surface, assoc. with
sherds of corrugated jar in House A.
SI-815. J. B. Cantarelli, 6Ocm
Charcoal from Level 2, 60cm below surface, House A.
A.D.
1820
SI-997. Silva Cantarelli, 20cm
Modern
Charcoal from 20cm below surface, House C, Silva Cantarelli Tupiguarani village, RS-Mj-47-C (29° 51' S Lat, 53° 22' 48" W Long).
530 ± 120
SI-816. Silva Cantarelli, 20 to 30cm
A.D. 1420
Charcoal under Urns 1 and 2, Burial 1, 20 to 30cm below surface.
SI-998. Dal Pra
Modern
Charcoal from bottom of post hole in House B of Dal Pra, a large
Tupiguarani village, RS-MJ-50 (29° 41' 21" S Lat, 53° 33' W Long).
345 ± 105
SI-818. Dal Pra, 20 to 40cm
A.D. 1605
Charcoal found near burial urns, 20 to 40cm below surface, 50m
ENE of House B.
110 ± 100
SI-817. Dal Pra, 40 to 50cm
A.D. 1840
Charcoal from interior of posthole in remains of House B.
General Comment (C.E.): all dates are too recent.
Smithsonian Institution Radiocarbon Measurements VIII
413
950 ± 80
A.D. 1000
SI-812. Mangueira Nova-1, Brazil
Charcoal from 120 to 135cm below surface, assoc. with ceramics of
Guatambu phase, Taquara tradition in Mangueira Nova-1, RS-P-27 (28°
36' S Lat, 50° 06' W Long), Mun. Bom Jesus, Rio Grande do Sill, Brazil.
Coll. 1969 by L. T. Miller; subm. by Clifford Evans.
1810 ± 85
A.D. 140
ST-813. Fazenda Carvalho-2, Brazil
Charcoal from 15 to 20cm below surface, assoc. with ceramics of
Guatambu phase, Taquara tradition, in Fazenda Carvalho-2, RS-P-12
(28° 29' 48" S Lat, 49° 50' 49" W Long), Mun. Bom Jesus, Rio Grande
do Sul, Brazil. Coll. 1969 by E. T. Miller; subm. by Clifford Evans.
575 ± 80
SI-804. Morro da Flecha-1, Brazil
A.D. 1375
Charcoal from 15 to 20cm below surface, assoc. with lithic artifacts
of preceramic Canuiri phase in Morro da F lecha-1, RS-S-308 (29° 26'
30" S Lat, 50° 24' W Long), Mini. Sao Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande
do Sul, Brazil. Coll. 1966 by E. T. Miller; subm. by Clifford Evans.
Comment (C.E.): too recent. Small sample, pretreated in cold 21yo NaOH.
Bugres-1 series, Brazil
Charcoal from Bugres-1, RS-A-2 (29° 18' S Lat, 50° 21' W Long),
Mun. Sao Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sill, Brazil. Samples are
from excavated pit house, assoc. with ceramics of Taquara phase, 'Taqti
tradition. Coll. 1966 by E. T. Miller; subm. by Clifford Evans.
1515 ± 105
SI-805. Bugres-1, 53 to 59cm
A.D. 435
Continent: small sample, pretreated with cold 2% NaOH.
1385 ± 95
SI-806.
Bugres-1, 65 to 70cm
A.D. 565
970 ± 95
SI-808. Bugres-1, 75 to 77cm
A.D. 980
Comments: small sample, NaOH pretreatment omitted. (C.E.): too
recent.
3935 ± 60
SI-707. Parizinho, Brazil
1985 B.C.
Charcoal assoc. with ceramics of lrapua phase of Tupiguarani
Painted tradition in Parizinho, RS-VZ-45 (27° 19' S Lat, 53° 44' W
Long), Mun. Tenete Portela, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Coll. 1968
by Eurico Miller; subm. by Clifford Evans. Comments: small sample,
NaOH pretreatment omitted. (C.E.): too old.
1220 ± 120
SI-708. Linha Uruguai Sul, Brazil
A.D. 730
Charcoal assoc. with ceramics of Irapua phase of Tupiguarani
414
Robert Stitekenrath and James E. Mielke
Painted tradition in Linlia Uruguai Sul, RS-VZ-4 (27° 49' S Lat, 55°
03' W Long), Mun. Porto Lucena, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Coll.
1968 by Eurico Miller; subm. by Clifford Evans.
675 ± 50
SI.799. Barro do Turvo, Brazil
A.D. 1275
Charcoal from Barro do Turvo 3, RS-VZ-52 (27° 18' S Lat, 54° 06'
W Long), Mun. Tres Passos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Assoc. with
stone tools 30 to 35cm below surface in non-ceramic Caaguacu phase,
last preceramic phase of area. Coll. 1968 by Eurico Miller; subm. by
Clifford Evans. Comment (C.E.): too recent.
3525 ± 145
SI-800. Porto das Laranjeiras, Brazil
1575 B.C.
Charcoal from Porto da Laranjeiras, RS-I J-62 (29° 00' S Lat, 56°
25' W Long), Mun. Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Assoc. with Itaqui
phase Altoparaense biface and bones of Pleistocene fauna 2.3 to 2.35m
below surface in same horizon as bone of Si-801, below. Coll. 1968 by
Eurico Miller; subm. by Clifford Evans. Comment: very small sample,
NaOH pretreatment omitted; diluted.
12,770 ± 220
SI-801. Lageado dos Fosseis, Brazil
10,820 B.C.
Bone of Paraniilodon, id. by E. Miller, from RS-I-50 (29° 35' S Lat,
55° 42' W Long), Mun. Alegrete, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Assoc. with
lbicui phase lithic artifacts in horizon containing extinct Pleistocene
fauna. Comment: sample leached in 50°o acetic acid under vacuum
before CO, evolution with HC1. Small sample, diluted.
Parizinho series, Brazil
Charcoal from 2 adjacent sites in Mun. Tenete Portela, Rio Grande
do Sul, Brazil, assoc. with ceramics of Taquarucu phase of Taquara tradition. Coll. 1968 by Eurico Miller; subm. by Clifford Evans.
830 ± 60
SI-598. Parazinho-1
A.D. 1120
Charcoal from 20 to 30cm below surface at Parazinho 1 (28° 18'
S Lat, 53° 44' W Long).
160 ± 70
SI-599. Parazinho-2
A.D. 1790
Charcoal from 10 to 20cm below surface at Parazinlio 2 (28° 18'
S Lat, 53° 45' W Long).
400 ± 100
SI-600. Boa Vista-2, Brazil
A.D. 1550
Charcoal from 20 to 25cm below surface, assoc. with ceramics of
Taquara phase of Taquara tradition in Boa Vista-2 (27° 46' S Lat, 54°
58' W Long), Mun. Porto Lucena, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Coll.
1968 by Eurico Miller; subm. by Clifford Evans. Comment (C.E.): too
recent.
Smithsonian Institution Radiocarbon Measurements VIII
415
1300 ± 70
650
SI-601. Tres Arvores, Brazil
Charcoal from 65 to 70cm below surface, assoc. with ceramics of
"Taquara phase of Taquara tradition in Tees Arvores (28° 10' S Lat,
52° 29' W Long), Mun. Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Coll.
1968 by Eurico Miller; subm. by Clifford Evans.
1520 ± 90
SI-607. Fazenda Sao Marcos, Brazil
A.D. 430
Charcoal from hearth lm below surface in subterranean Pitltouse
B, RS-10 (29° 10' S Lat, 51° 12' W Long), Mun. Caxias do Sul, Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil. Assoc. with Caxias phase ceramics, possible equivalent of Taquara phase of Taquara tradition. Coll. 1966 by P. I. Schmitz;
A.D.
subm. by Clifford Evans.
Caxias (1o Sul series, Brazil
Charcoal samples from a complex of pithouses and mounds at RS127 (29° 15' S Lat, 51° W Long), NIun. Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do
Sul, Brazil. Coll. 1968 by P. I. Schmitz; subm. by Clifford Evans.
630 ± 70
SI-604. Mound 1, 55em
A.D. 1320
Charcoal, 55em below surface in level of red burned soil, assoc. with
stone flakes and Taquara tradition ceramics.
1140 ± 40
SI-602. Mound 1, 80 to 100cm
A.D.810
Charcoal 80 to 100cnt below surface in dark soil level, assoc. with a
few slterds of Taquara tradition and stone flakes.
1480 ± 70
SI-603. Pithouse A
A.D. 470
Charcoal from base of hearth on original floor of Pithouse A, 80
to 100cm below surface, assoc. with ceramics of Taquara tradition.
840 ± 60
SI-606. Pithouse B
A.D. 1110
Charcoal from level of black soil under reddened dirt in Pithouse
B, assoc. with Taquara tradition ceramics.
1330 ± 100
SI-605. Pithouse B, 80 to 100cm
A.D. 620
Charcoal from floor of pitliouse at site of large burned tree, assoc.
with Taquara tradition ceramics. Pitltouse cut into decomposed basalt.
General Comment (G.E.): site belongs to Caxias phase (possible equivalent to Taquara phase) of Taquara tradition.
Itapiranga series, Brazil
ltapiranga, SC-U-6 (27° 12' S Lat, 53° 25' W Long), Mun. Itapiranga, Santa Catarina, Brazil, is a stratified site. The upper lm contains ceramics of "Tupiguarani tradition, and remaining 7.3m contains
Robert Stuckcnrath and James E. Mielke
416
preceramic Altoparanense tools. Coll. 1968 by J. A. Rohr; subm. by
Clifford Evans.
7145 ± 120
SI-993. Itapiranga, 5m
5195 B.C.
Charcoal from hearth in red clay, 5m below surface, assoc. with
percussion-made flake tools.
8095 ± 90
SI-994. Itapiranga, 6m
6145 B.C.
Charcoal from hearth in red clay, 6m below surface, assoc. with
percussion-made flake tools.
8640 ± 95
SI-995. Itapiranga, 7.3m
6690 B.C.
Charcoal from hearth in red clay, 7.3m below surface, assoc. with
percussion-made flake tools.
Ita series, Brazil
Charcoal from 161 SC-VP-38 (27° 16' 15" S Lat, 52° 30' 30" W Long),
Mun. Ita, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Coll. 1969 by W. F. Piazza; subm. by
Clifford Evans.
590 ± 100
Ita, 0 to 15cm
A.D. 1360
Charcoal from 0 to 15cm below surface, assoc. with ceramics of Ita
phase, Tupiguarani Corrugated tradition.
SI-826.
ST-827.
Ita, 3.5m
5930 ± 140
3980 B.C.
Charcoal from 3.5m below surface, assoc. with artifacts of preceramic Tamanduii phase.
975 ± 95
SI-825. Pinheiro Preto II, Brazil
A.D. 975
Charcoal from Pinheiro Preto 11, SC-VP-35 (27° 16' S Lat, 52° 10'
30" W Long), Mun. Concordia, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Assoc. with
ceramics of Xaxim phase, Taquara tradition, 0 to 20cm below surface.
Coll. 1969 by W. F. Piazza; subm. by Clifford Evans.
330 ± 90
SI-597. Vacas Gordas, Brazil
A.D.162O
Charcoal from 60cm below surface at Vacas Gordas, SC-CL-10 (28°
08' S Lat, 49° 40' W Long), Mun. Urubici, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Assoc.
with Xaxim phase of Taquara tradition. Coll. 1967 by W. F. Piazza;
subm. by Clifford Evans. Comment: (C.E.): too recent.
Passo da Cadeia series, Brazil
Charcoal samples from Passo cla Cadeia, SC-CL (28° 29' S Lat, 50°
05' 40" W Long), Mun. Sao Joaquim, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Coll.
1969 by E. T. Miller; subm. by Clifford Evans.
Smithsonian Institution Radiocarbon Measurements VIII
417
1085 ± 80
SI-810. Passo da Cadeia, 55 to 60cm
A.D. 865
Charcoal assoc. With ceramics of Guatumbu phase, Taquara tradition, 55 to 60cm below surface.
1920 ± 50
A.D. 30
SI-811. Passo da Cadeia, 120 to 140cm
Charcoal from 120 to 140cm below surface, assoc. with lithic
materials.
Rio Iguacu series, Brazil
Charcoal samples from 3 adjacent sites along Iguacu R., Mun.
Bituruna, Parana, Brazil. Coll. by Igor Climyz; subm. by Clifford Evans.
3110 ± 140
1160 B.C.
SI-802. R. Iguacu, PR-UV-4
Charcoal from 50 to 60cm below surface, assoc. with preceramic
lithic Iguacu phase materials (26° 00' S Lat, 51° 00' W Long). Coll. 1968.
1035 ± 90
A.D. 915
SI-803. R. Iguacu, PR-UV-3
Charcoal from 35 to 45cm below surface, assoc. with preceramic
lithic Iguacu phase materials (26° 00' S Lat, 51° 00' W Long). Coll.
1962. Comnictit (C.E.): too recent.
605 ± 120
SI-691. R. Iguacu, PR-UV-12, 40-60
A.D. 1345
Charcoal from 40 to 60cm below surface, assoc. with subterranean
house complex.
SI-892. R. Iguacu, PR-UV-12, 60-80
Charcoal from 60 to 80cm below surface.
A.D.
810 ± 90
1140
255 ± 100
A.D. 1695
SI-692. R. Iguacu, PR-UV-12, 80-100
Charcoal from 80 to 100cm below surface. Comment: too recent
in terms of stratigraphic position.
Rio Ivai, PR-FL-5 series, Brazil
Charcoal from PR-FL-S (23° 30' S Lat, 52° 30' W Long), Mun.
Paraiso do Norte, Parana, Brazil, representing Umuarama phase of
Tupiguarani Painted ceramic tradition. Coll. 1968 by Igor Chmyz; subm.
by Clifford Evans.
300 ± 115
R. Ivai, 60 to 80cm
A.D.
1650
SI-694. R. Ivai, 80 to 100cm
General Comment (C.E.): both dates are too recent.
A.D.
1480
SI-693.
470 ± 100
Robert Stuckenrath and James E. Mielke
418
Rio Ivai, Condor phase series, Brazil
Charcoal from 4 adjacent sites (23° 30' S Lat, 52° 30' W Long), Mun.
Indiancipolis and Mirador, Parana, Brazil. Sites represent painted Condor
phase of Tupiguarani Painted ceramic tradition. Coll. 1968 by Igor
Chmyz; subm. by Clifford Evans.
1065 ± 95
SI-695.
PR-ST-1, 0 to 10cm
SI-696.
PR-ST-1, 10 to 20cm
SI-697.
PR-QN-2, 15 to 30cm
A.D.
A.D.
885
610 ± 120
1340
540 ± 60
A.D. 1410
135 ± 120
SI-698. PR-FL-13, 0 to 20cm
Comment (C.E.): too recent.
ST-699.
PR-FL-15, 0 to 20cm
A.D.
1815
A.D.
590 ± 70
1360
560 ± 60
SI-700. PR-FL-23, Tamboara, Brazil
A.D. 1390
Charcoal from Site PR-FL-23 (23° 30' S Lat, 52° 20' W Long), on
R. Ivai, Mun. Doctor, Paran;i, Brazil. Assoc. with ceramics of Tamboara
phase of Tupiguarani Corrugated tradition, 2 to 20cm below surface.
Coll. 1968 by Igor Chmyz; subm. by Clifford Evans.
225 ± 55
SI-701. Jaboticaba, Brazil
A.D. 1725
Charcoal from jaboticaba, RS-VZ-41 (27° 10' S Lat, 53° 44' W
Long), Mun. Tenente Portela, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Assoc. with
ceramics of Comandai phase of Tupiguarani Corrugated tradition. Coll.
1967 by Eurico Miller; subm. by Clifford Evans. Comment (C.E.): too
recent.
215 ± 105
SI-702. Ilha Comandai, Brazil
A.D. 1735
Charcoal from Ilha Comandai, RS-VZ-12 (27° 48' S Lat, 55° 06'
W Long), Mun. Porto Lucena, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Assoc. with
ceramics of Comandai phase of Tupiguarani Corrugated tradition. Coll.
1968 by Eurico Miller; subm. by Clifford Evans. Comment (C.E.): too
recent.
Sambaqui do Rio S. Joao series, Brazil
Sambaqui do Rio S. Joao (25° 30' S Lat, 49° 30' W Long), shell
mound site in i\Iun. de Antonina, Parami, Brazil, built on a barrier
reef and boulder sand. The surface shows humus underlain by oyster
shell; below these are burned oyster shell and gray boulder sand, a compact stratum of oyster shell, and Modiolus Brasiliensis, id. by J. W.
Rauth. Coll. 1967 by J. W. Rauth; subm. by Clifford Evans.
Smithsonian Iustitutioii Radiocarbon 1Ieasuremenats VIII
419
SI-1020. Humus stratum, 0 to 0.25m
Modern
Charcoal from topmost humus layer, 0 to 0.25w from surface, assoc.
with stone scrapers and lnunan burial.
4070 ± 105
SI-1021. Oyster stratum, 0.75 to lm
2120 B.c.
Charcoal from upper layer of oyster shell, 0.75 to lm below surface,
from hearth.
4960 ± 110
SI-1022. Oyster stratum, 1.25 to 1.5m
3010 B.C.
Charcoal from lower portion of compacted oyster shell, 1.25 to 1.5m
below surface.
4810 ± 100
SI-1023. Bottom level, 1.5 to 2m
2860 B.C.
Charcoal from bottom level, overlying boulder sand terrace, assoc.
with Modimrizis Brasilienrsis,
1.5 to 2m
below surface.
4665 ± 90
SI-1024. Bottom level, 1.75m
2115 B.C.
Charcoal from 2nd trench, unknown distance from SI-1023, above,
1.75m below surface in lowest stratum overlying boulder sand terrace
and barrier reef.
Sambaqui do Godo series, Brazil
Santbaqui do Godo (30° 26' S Lat, 19° 30' \V Long), preceramic
shell mound in Mun. de Antonina, Parana, Brazil. Coll. 1968 by J. AV.
Rauth; subuu. by Clifford Evans.
3815 ± 50
SI.1025. do Godo, 50 to 75cm
1865 B.C.
Charcoal front 50 to 75cm below surface, assoc. with human bones
and lithic artifacts.
2980 ± 130
SI-1026. do Godo, 1 to 1.25m
1030 B.C.
Charcoal from 1 to 1.25m below surface, assoc. with lithic artifacts.
Coin meet: small sample, diluted.
3000 ± 90
SI-1027. do Godo, 1.5 to 2m
1050 B.C.
Charcoal from 1.5 to 2rn below surface, assoc. with fish bones and
lithic artifacts.
3365 ± 85
SI-1028. do Godo, 2.25 to 2.5m
1415 B.C.
Charcoal from 2.25 to 2.5m below surface, assoc. with fish and
animal bones and lithic artifacts.
3300 ± 95
SI-1028-A. do Godo, 2.25 to 2.5m, A
1350 B.C.
Oyster shell from same sample as SI-1028, above.
Robert Stuckenratla and James E. Mielke
420
4740 ± 95
2790 B.C.
SI-1029. do Godo, 2.5 to 3m
Charcoal from 2.5 to 3m below surface at base of mound, mixed
with sandy clay.
908 ± 100
SI-709. Rio Paranapanema, Brazil
A.D. 970
Charcoal, assoc. with ceramics of Cambara phase of Tupiguarani
Painted tradition from Rio Paranapanema, SP-AS-14 (22° 50' S Lat,
511 10' W Long), Mini. lepe, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Coll. 1968 by Igor
Chmyz; subm. by Clifford Evans. Comment: small sample, no NaOH
pretreatment.
1195-80
SI-1009. Rio Itarare, Brazil
A.D. 775
Charcoal and charred nut shells from 10 to 20cm below surface,
Site SP-BA-7 (23° 30' S Lat, 49° 30' W Long), Sao Paulo, Brazil. Assoc.
with ceramics of Cambara phase of 'Tupiguarani tradition. Coll. 1965
by Igor Chmyz; subm. by Clifford Evans.
6620 ± 175
SI-933. Barreiro, Brazil
4670 B.C.
Charcoal assoc. with lithic artifacts of Antas phase in preceramic
site at Barreiro, RS-A-8 (28° 48' S Lat, 50° 29' 24" W Long), Mun. Bom
Jesus, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Coll. 1969 by E. T. Miller; subm. by
Clifford Evans.
1055 ± 80
SI-828. Morro H, Brazil
A.D. 895
Charcoal from 30cm below surface in single ceramic level of Cricarc
phase of Tupiguarani Painted tradition at Morro H, Site 17 (20° 05'
S Lat, 40° 14' W Long), Mini. Pium, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Coll. 1968
by Celso Perota; subm. by Clifford Evans.
170 ± 75
SI.829. Estrada I, Brazil
A.D. 1780
Charcoal from 20cm below surface in single cultural level of Itaunas
phase of Aratu ceramic tradition at Estrada I, Site 22 (20° 50' S Lat, 40°
44' W Long), Mon. Serra, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Coll. 1969 by Celso
Perota; subm. by Clifford Evans.
240 ± 70
SI-830. Campus, Brazil
A.D. 1710
Charcoal from 45 to 60cm below surface, assoc. with lithic and bone
assemblage and Neobrasilian ceramic tradition in Campus, Site Cu-02
(20° 16' S Lat, 400 17' W Long), Mun. Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
Coll. 1969 by Celso Perota; subm. by Clifford Evans.
1435 ± 80
SI-831. Campus 1, Brazil
A.D. 515
Charcoal from 10cm below surface, assoc. with lithic and bone
assemblage of Potiri phase of non-ceramic tradition in Campus-1, Cu-01
Smithsonian Institution Radiocarbon illcasurenicnts VIII
421
(20° 16' S Lat, 40° 17' W Long), Mun. Vitc ria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
Coll. 1969 by Celso Perota; subm. by Clifford Evans.
560 ± 70
SI.832. Tucun, Brazil
A.D. 1390
Charcoal assoc. with ceramics of Tucun phase of Tupiguarani
Painted tradition in Tucun, ES-VI-20 (20° 16' S Lat, 40° 22' W Long),
Mun. Cariacica, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Coll. 1970 by Celso Perota; subm.
by Clifford Evans.
110 ± 40
SI-833. Campus-3, Brazil
A.D. 1840
Charcoal assoc. with ceramics of Tucun phase of Tupiguarani
Painted tradition in Campus 3, ES-VI-11 (20° 17' S Lat, 40° 08' W Long),
Mun. Vitdria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Coll. 1969 by Celso Perota; subm.
by Clifford Evans. Comment (C.E.): too recent.
220 ± 75
SI.834. Belem 3, Brazil
A.D. 1730
Charcoal assoc. with ceramics of Itaunas phase of Aratu tradition
in Belem 3, ES-Ll-14 (18° 34' S Lat, 39° 44' W Long), Mun. Conceicao
da Barra, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Coll. 1968 by Celso Perota; subm. by
Clifford Evans.
SI-835. Fazenda Salvador I, Brazil
Modern
Charcoal assoc. with ceramics of Itaunas please of Aratu tradition
in Fazenda Salvador I, ES-1,1-4 (18° 21' S Lat, 39° 47' IV Long), Mun.
Sao Mateus, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Coll. 1969 by Celso Perota; subm.
by Clifford Evans. Com7nent (C.E.): too recent.
605 ± 70
SI-836. Vale, Brazil
A.D. 1345
Charcoal assoc. with ceramics of Jacareipe phase of Aratu tradition
in Vale, ES-VI-18 (20° 16' S Lat, 40° 15' W Long), Mun. Vit6ria, Espirito
Santo, Brazil. Coll. 1970 by Celso Perota; subm. by Clifford Evans.
305 ± 65
SI-820. Cariri, Brazil
A.D. 1645
Charcoal from 0 to 20cm below surface, assoc. with ceramics of
Itapicuru phase of Tupiguarani Painted tradition at Cariri, BA-19
(13° 45' 05" S Lat, 41° 15' \V Long), Mun. Ituacu, Bahia, Brazil. Coll.
1967 by Valentin Calderon; subm. by Clifford Evans.
550 ± 95
ST-821.
Joaquim Guilherme, Brazil
A.D.
1400
Charcoal assoc. with Itapicuru phase ceramics of Tupiguarani
Painted tradition, 0 to 20cm below surface at Joaquim Guilherme site,
BA-26 (13° 45' 45" S Lat, 41° 15' W Long), Mun. Ituacu, Bahia, Brazil.
Coll. 1967 by Valentin Calderon; subm. by Clifford Evans.
Raposo series, Brazil
Charcoal assoc. with ceramics of Jeragua phase at Raposo, MG-GV-
Robert Stuckeinath and James E. Mielke
422
19 (210 10' S Lat, 45° 15' W Long), Mun. Neponnlceno, Minas Gerais,
Brazil. Coll. 1969 by O. F. Dias; subm. by Clifford Evans.
885 ± 90
1065
SI-822.
Raposo, 0 to 10cm
A.D.
SI-824.
Raposo, 20 to 30cm
A.D. 1095
855 ± 70
95 ± 100
SI-823. Primavera, Brazil
A.D. 1855
Charcoal 30cm below surface, assoc. with ceramics in black earth at
Primavera, MG-GV-39 (21° 05' S Lat, 15° 50' 30" Wb' Long), Mun. Campo
do Mcio, Minas Gerais, Brazil. (loll. 1969 by O. F. Dias; subm. by
Clifford Evans. Coinnne)zt (C.E.): too recent.
680 ± 70
SI-1010. R. Iguagu, PR-UV-11, Brazil
A.D. 1270
Charcoal and wood from 30 to 40cm below surface at Pr-UV-11
on R. Iguagu (26° 00' S Lat, 51° 30' W Long), Parana, Brazil. Assoc.
with non-Tupiguarani ceramics in subterranean houses and small mounds.
Coll. 1966 by Igor Chmyz; subm. by Clifford Evans.
500 ± 45
51.1015. R. Iguagu, PR-UV-16, Brazil
A.D. 1450
Charcoal from 40 to 50cm below surface, assoc. with Tupiguarani
ceramics at PR-UV-16 (26° 10' S Lat, 51° 00' W Long), Parana, Brazil.
Coll. 1968 by Igor Chmyz; subm. by Clifford Evans.
1490 ± 45
SI-1011. R. Ivai, PR-FL-21, Brazil
A.D. 460
Charcoal from 0 to 20cnr below surface, assoc. with ceramics of
Tamboara phase of Tupiguarani tradition at PR-FL-21 on R. Ivai
(23° 30' S Lat, 52° 20' W Long), Parana, Brazil. Coll. 1967 by Igor
Chmyz; subin. by Clifford Evans.
SI-1012. R. Ivai, PR-KA-2, Brazil
Modern
Charcoal from 0 to 20cmn below surface with ceramics of Calore
phase of Tupiguarani tradition at PR-KA-2 on R. Ivai (23° 40' S Lat,
51' 30' W Long), Parana, Brazil. Coll. 1967 by Igor Chmyz; subm. by
Clifford Evans.
5380 ± 110
SI-1014. R. Ivai, PR-QN-1, Brazil
3430 B.c.
Charcoal, 90 to 100cm below surface with lithic artifacts of nonceramic Ivai complex at PR-QN-1 on R. Ivai (23° 30' S Lat, 52° 30'
W Long), Parana, Brazil. Coll. 1967 by Igor Chmyz; subm. by Clifford
Evans.
Rio Parana series, Brazil
Charcoal from Site MT-IV-1 on R. Parana (23° 30' S Lat, 52° 30'
W Long), Mato Grosso, Brazil, assoc. with Tupiguarani ceramics. Coll.
1967 by Igor Chmyz; subm. by Clifford Evans.
Sniithsoiiian Institution Radiocarbon i%Icasioreinents 1111
423
MT-IV-1, urn
Charcoal, part of urn contents.
A.D.
260 ± 70
1690
SI-1017.
A.D.
475 ± 45
1475
SI-1016.
MT-IV-1, 20 to 40cm
180±60
SI-1018. MT-IV-1, 60 to 80cm
A.D. 1770
Charcoal from 60 to 80cm below surface.
General Comment (C.E.): dates do not correspond to seriated order of
stratigraphic excavations. Of this series, and SI-1019, below, only SI-1017
agrees with other dates from phases representing Corrugated sub-tradition of IIupiguarani ceramic tradition in S Brazil.
110 ± 60
SI-1019. B. Parana, MT-IV-2, Brazil
A.D. 1840
Charcoal from 20 to 10cm below stn-face, assoc. with 'I'upiguarani
ceramics at MT-IV-2 on R. Parana (22° 40' S Lat, 530 20' \V Long),
Mato Grosso, Brazil. Coll. 1967 by Igor Chmyz; subm. by Clifford Evans.
Coninicnt (C.E.): too recent. See general comment for Rio Parana series,
above.
Tuteceta series, Brazil
Potsherds containing ashes of siliceous bark as temper from 7.'uteceta
(f1° 10' S Lat, 53° 25' W Long), on R. Suia-missu, Upper Xingu, Matto
Grosso, Brazil. Sherds are Diauaruu phase of Incised and Punctate tradition. Coll. 1966 by M. E. Sintoes; stibin. by Clifford Evans.
SI-712.
Tuteceta, 10 to 20cm
1390 ± 140
560
A.D.
Sherds from 10 to 20cni below surface. Comments: small sample,
NaOH pretreatment omitted. (C.E.): too old.
SI-713.
Tuteceta, 20 to 30cm
830 ± 75
A.D.1120
Sherds from 20 to 30cm below surface.
Diauarum series, Brazil
Charcoal and potsherds containing ash of siliceous bark as temper
from Diauarum (11° 12' S Lat, 53° 30' W Long), on R. Xingu, Upper
Xingu, Matto Grosso, Brazil. Ceramics are Diauarum phase of Incised
and Punctate tradition. Coll. 1966 by M. F. Simoes; subm. by Clifford
Evans.
SI-714.
Diauarum sherds, 30 to 40cm
1470 ± 135
480
A.D.
Sherds from 30 to 40cm below surface. Comments: small sample,
NaCH pretreatment omitted. (C.E.): too old.
Robert Stuckenrath and James E. Mielke
424
SI-716. Diauarum, 55cm
Charcoal in burned soil, 55cm below surface.
A.D.
830 ± 90
1120
2095 ± 65
SI-717. Diauarum, 18cm
145 B.C.
Charcoal in burned soil, 18cm below surface. Comments (C.E.): too
old.
R FEERLN CES
Kulp, J. L., and Tucek, C. S., 1956, Lainont natural radiocarbon
measurements III: Science, v. 124, p. 154-165.
Byers, D. S., 1959, The eastern archaic: some problems and hypotheses: . 1m. Antiquity,
Broecker,
NV.
S.,
v. 24, p. 233-256.
Crane, H. R., 1956, University of Michigan radiocarbon dates I: Science, v. 124, p.
664-672.
Fitihugh, W. AV., 1972, Environmental archeology and cultural systems in Hamilton
Inlet, Labrador: Smithsonian Contr. to Anthropol., no. 18.
Hatterslcy-Smith, G., Keys, J. E., Serson, H., and Miclkc, J. E., 1970, Density stratified
lakes in northern Ellesmere Island: Nature, v. 225, p. 55-56.
Huang, T.-C., Stanley, D. J., and Stuckenrath, R., 1972, Sedimentological evidence for
current reversal at the Strait of Gibraltar: Marine 'tech. Soc. jotir., July.
Kigoshi, Kunihiko, 1967, Gakushuin natural radiocarbon nreasurcnncnts VI: Radiocarbon, v. 9, p. 43-62.
Lawn, Barbara, 1970, University of Pennsylvania radiocarbon dates XIII: Radiocarbon,
v. 12, p. 577-589.
Longin, R., 1971, New method of collagen extraction for radiocarbon dating: 'Nature,
v. 230, p. 241-242.
Macintyre, 1. G. and Milliman, J. D., 1970, Physiographic features on the outer shelf
and upper slope, Atlantic continental margin, S.E. United States: Geol. Soc.
America Bull., v. 81, p. 2577-2598.
Milliman, J. D. and Emery, K. 0., 1968, Sea levels during the past 35,000 years:
Science, v. 162, p. 1121-1123.
Osgood, Cornelius, 1942, The Ciboncy culture of Cavo Redondo, Cuba: Yale University
Pubs. in Anthropol., New llavcii.
Rouse, Irving, 1942, Archeology of the Dlaniabon Hills, Cuba: Yale University Pubs
in Anthropol., New Hawn.
Smith, P. E. L., 1970, Survey of excavations in Tram (luring 1968-69: Iran, Persian
Stud. Jour., v. 8, p. 178-179.
Snow, D. R., 1969, A summary of excavations at the Hathaway site in Passadunikeag,
Maine: Orono, Dept. Anthropol., Univ. Maine.
bung, Jr., 'I. C. and Smith, P. E. L., 1966, Research in the prehistory of central
western Iran: Science, N. 153, p. 386-391.
[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 15,
No. 2, 1973, P. 425-434]
VIENNA RADIUM INSTITUTE RADIOCARBON DATES IV
HEINZ FELBER and EDWIN PAK
lnstitut fur Radiumforschung and Kernphysik der
Osterrcichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Austria
Measurements have continued with the same proportional counter
system, the same procedure in sample pretreatment, methane preparation
and measurement, and the same age calculation using a half-life of 5568
± 30 yr as described previously (R., 1970, v. 12, p. 298-318).
Uncertainties quoted are single standard deviations originating from
the statistical nature of radioactive decay including standard, sample,
background, and half-life. No C13/C12 ratios were measured.
The following list presents most samples of our work in the last
year. Sample descriptions have been prepared in cooperation with submitters.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We express many thanks to Ing. L. Stein for excellent work in
sample preparation, and to A. Rasocha for careful operation of the
dating equipment.
SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS
1.
GEOLOGY, GEOGRAPHY, SOIL SCIENCE, AND FORDS"CRY
A.
Austria
Klopeinersee-Kleinsee series, Kiirnten
Sediment from Lake Klopeinersee (46° 36' N Lat, 1-l° 35' E Long),
Carinthia, and from neighboring Lake Kleinsee from similar depths
below ground near shore outside of lakes. Coll. 1971 by H. Loffler; subm.
by A. Preisinger, Inst. f. Min. it. Kristallog., Univ. Vienna.
General Corounicnis (A.P.): similar sample ages could support hypothesis
of a former unit of both lakes and later separation. (H.F.): no humic
acid separation was used due to small sample sizes. Different ages cannot
be explained by unequal contents of younger humic acids as can be seen
by calculation: for 9000-yr-old sample, an admixture of ca. 67`;% recent
material would be necessary to get a fictitious age of 2000 yr.
2140 ± 730
VRI-294. Kleinsee
190 B.C.
Peat-like lake sediment with calcite admixture from depth 3.14m
below soil, E side of lake. Coinmcilt (H.F.): large statistical uncertainty is
due to small sample size.
9190 ± 230
VRI-295. Klopeinersee
7240 B.C.
Peat-like lake sediment with calcite admixture from depth 3.50m
below soil, 10m from shore E of lake.
425
Heinz Pelber and Edwin Pak
426
Rax series, N.O.
Peat from dried pond, regularly water-filled up to 50 yr ago, at
plateau of Mt. Rax near former shelter "Alte Seehiitte" (47° 42' 30"
N Lat, 15° 44' 15" E Long), Lower Austria, alt. 1650m. Coll. 1968 by
K. Zukrigl and K. H. Ballik; subm. by E. Kral, Inst. f. Waldbau, Hochschule f. Bodenkultur, Vienna.
General Comment (K.Z.): pollen diagram suggests mixing down to 40cm
depth, presumably by cattle.
VRI-227. Alte Seehiitte, 45 to 55cm
Recent
Peat from depth 45 to 55cm. Comments (K.Z.): according to pollen
diagram sample covers time immediately after beginning of pasture
clearing. Plentiful recent rootlets. (H.F.): clearly influenced by bomb
produced C''; 108(" modern.
VRI-228. Alte Seehiitte, 80 to 90cm
Recent
Peat from depth 80 to 90cm. Comment (K.Z.): according to pollen
diagram sample covers time before pasture clearing. Pollen of grain
observed. No recent rootlets observed in macrostructure.
Mt. Dachstein series, O.O.
Organic samples and calcium carbonate sinter from cave DachsteinMammuthohle (37° 32' 10" N Lat, 13° 42' 39" E Long), O.O. Coll. and
subm. by R. Seemann, Mineralog.-Petrograph. Inst., Univ. Vienna.
General Comment (R.S.): should help date cave pyrite and iron ore in
N6rdliche Kalkalpen (Seemann, 1970).
VRI-255. Sinter MaP 5
>36,000
Calcium carbonate sinter with limonite, quartz, and clay from layer
of pyrite conglomerate in cave. Coll. 1970. Comment (H.F.): date based
on assumption of recent value 85;o modern (Miinnich and Vogel, 1959).
2230 ± 80
VRI-257. Sample MaP 45
280 B.c.
Carbonic substance in clay-calcic cave sediment. Coll. 1971.
Rostocker Hiitte-43,
Venediger Gruppe, Osttirol
Peat from depth 43cm of undisturbed peat profile
VRI-284.
1600 ± 70
A.D. 350
130 to 160cm
thick, covered by series of loamy-sandy sediments 30 to 50cm thick. Site
near shelter Rostocker Hiitte (47° 03' 19" N Lat, 12° 18' 07" E Long),
alt. 2200m, Simonykees glacier (Patzelt, 1967), Venediger Group, E-Tyrol.
Coll. 1971 and subm. by G. Patzelt, Geog. Inst., Univ. Innsbruck. Comment (G.P.): part of series from 2 profiles 5m apart. VRI-54 (base; R.,
1970, v. 12, p. 304), VRI-179 (depth 90cm; R., 1971, v. 13, p. 132, see
Correction: R., 1972, v. 14, p. 504) and VRI-284 from peat layer, Profile
R-II; VRI-178 (depth 35cm; R., 1971, v. 13, p. 131) and VRI-243 (depth
42 cm; R., 1972, v. 14, p. 502) from sediment layer, Profile R-III. Sample
Vienna Radium Institute Radiocarbon Dates IV
427
dates drift-in of sediments by advancing Simonykees, and palynologically
detected glacier maximum.
Badgastein series, Salzburg
Hydrothermal wart sinter (wart-shaped sinter) of organic genesis
(Grabherr, 1949); Scheminzky and Grabherr, 1951) from former thermal
watercourse discovered by slope slide of Kirchbachlehne (Scheminzky,
1968) in Badgastein (47° 07' N Lat, 13° 08' E Long), Salzburg. Coll.
1967 and subm. by F. Scheminzky, Forschungsinst. Gastein.
General Coinment (H.F.): (late based on study (Felber, 1972) of C14
concentration in recent wart sinters (VRI-219, -274, -275) that were shown
to equal that of atmospheric Cl ' and not that of water (VRI-218, -335)
that sinters grew from. This is different from common limestone encrustations of inorganic genesis, of which recent C" concentration equals
that of water (Munnich and Vogel, 1959).
7460 ± 110
VRI-146. Kirchbachlehne
5510 B.c.
Wart sinter.
VRI-218. Fledermaus-Spring X/3
27.1 ± 1.1% modern
Barium carbonate precipitated from bicarbonate in thermal water
(37°C; Mutschlechner, 1963) of Spring X, Flederrnausquelle, Badgastein,
immediately from Outlet X/3. Precipitated 1970 by H. Felber. Comment
(H.F.): agrees with measurements of Florkowski and job, 1969, on
Springs I/23-24 (Franz-Josef-alit) and IX/8-12 (Elisabeth-adit), Badgastein.
VRI.335. Fledermaus-adit, pond
36.2 ± 1.8% modern
Barium carbonate precipitated from bicarbonate of thermal water
from localized spring outlets X/1,2,4,5 and several diffuse outlets on
rock walls in ca. l2111 long Fledermaus-adit, Badgastein. Water from ca.
25cm deep pond oil base of alit collecting these spring waters. During
transfer to pond, and on its surface (ca. 2n12), carbon exchanges between
water and atmosphere. From inflows of 5.8L/min and pond volume of
5301, (both determined by G. Mutschlechner) an average sojourn time
for water in pond of- ca. 90 min follows. Precipitated 1972 by G. Mutschlechner. Comment (H.F.): C11 concentration in pond raised by exchange
by ca. 30"/ compared with water taken immediately from spring outlet
X,/3 (VR1-218).
VRI-219. Fledermaus-adit, sinter
120.1 ± 1.2% modern
Wart sinter on gneiss rock along littoral zone of pond (VRI-335)
in Fledermaus-adit, Badgastein. Growth period of sinter: 1930 to 1970.
Coll. 1970 by G. Mutschlechner. Comment (H.F.): atmospheric C1' concentration influenced by atomic bomb explosions (Felber, 1972).
VRI-274. Franz-Josef-adit, Sinter 1
100.0 ± 0.9% modern
Wart sinter from border of basin of Spring 1/2, Franz-Josef-adit,
Heinz Felber and Edwin Pak
428
Badgastein. Thermal water stopped 1929/30 nearly completely when N
adit was driven in, opening new springs. Growth period of sinter: 1855/56
to 1929/30. Coll. 1971 by G. Mutschlechner and F. Scheminzky. Comment (H.F.): atmospheric C' concentration. Proves growth stopped before atomic bomb era.
VRI-275. Franz-Josef-adit, Sinter 2
100.5 ± 1.1% modern
Wart sinter from walled roof of Franz-josef-adit, 19m behind opening. Sinter fallen clown and picked up from bottom. Beginning of growth
after 1855, end unknown. Coll. 1971 by G. Mutschlechner. Comment
(H.F.): atmospheric C1' concentration. Growth stop before atomic bomb
era.
Baumkirchen series, Tirol
Fossil wood from banded silt and clay in pit Baumkirchen (F1iri
et al., 1970, 1971) (47° 18' 25" N Lat, 110 34' 19" L Long), Inn Valley,
Tyrol. Subm. by F. Flirt, Geog. Inst., Univ. Innsbruck.
25,500 ± 600
VRI-273. Find No. 18
23,550 B.c.
Wood (prob. Pinus silvest)-is, let. by H. Hilscher); find No. 18 from
661m level in W part of pit. Coll. 1971 by F. Fliri. Comment (F.F.):
(late too young compared with VRI-173, -193, -226 (R., 1971, v. 13, p. 130;
1972, v. 14, p. 500; Fliri et al., 1971) from same level.
28,300 ± 1000
Find No. 22
26,350 B.c.
Wood (Alnns z i)-idis, determined by H. Hilscher), from 667m level,
in undisturbed banded silt and clay. Coll. 1971 by L. Helh-iegl. CornVRI-334.
ment (F.F.): date according to VRI-161, -173, -193, -226 (R., 1971,
p. 130 and R., 1972, v. 14, p. 500).
VRI-338.
Find No. 23
v. 13,
11,300 ± 170
9350 B.C.
rings at alt. 776m in blueish gray
Stein wood, ca. 25cm diam, 80
clay colluviuur colored by intrusion of organic substance. Site overlies
undisturbed clay of primary sedimentation, and is overlain by 3m slightly
weathered slopewasli clay, and by lm gravel. Coll. 1972 by F. Flirt.
Comment (F.F.): date according to VRI-94 (R., 1970, v. 12, p. 309) and
VRI-194 (R., 1972, v. 14, p. 500).
VRI-270. Baumkirchener Tal, Tirol
<450
Wood (Alnus incana) in slopewash silt on surface of banded silt
and clay deposit of Baumkirchen (47° 18' 18" N Lat, 11° 33' 25" E Long),
Tyrol, 1250m AV of clay pit. Coll. 1971 and subm. by F. Fliri. Comment
(F.F.): Aller6d was expected (VRI-94; R., 1970, v. 12, p. 309; VRI-194,
R., 1972, v. 14, p. 500) or young age. Date proves latter.
Vienna Radium Institute Radiocarbon Dates IV
429
7390 ± 120
5440 B.C.
VRI-307. Breitenhach, Tirol
Wood from oldest soil of alluvial cone Heuberg near Breitenbach
am Inn (47' 29' N Lat, 110 58' E Long), Tyrol. Soil covered by periglacial colluvium and main mass of alluvial cone with several soils embedded. Coll. 1971 and subm. by F. Mayr, Dept Geol., Univ. Montreal,
Canada. Coinnient (F.M.): new trial to determine age of 1st plant growth
after retreat of Wiirm glacier. Sample younger than hoped.
Gurgler Zirbenwaldmoor series, Tirol
Cyperaceae peat from different depths of bog Zirbenwaldmoor (46°
51' 20" N Lat, 11° 01' E Long), Obergurgl, Otztal, Tyrol. Coll. 1970
and subm. by S. Bortenschlager, Inst. f. Botan. Systematik u. Geobot.,
Univ. Innsbruck.
Gcrrcral Coinnrent (S.B.): geochronologic determination of palynologically determined climate fluctuations.
8600 ± 150
VRI-216. 288 to 295cm
6650 B.C.
Coniment (S.B.): date agrees with studies in Venediger area.
8540 ± 130
VRI-217. 325cm to rock
6590 B.C.
Comniciit (S.B.): (late too young; sample supposedly contaminated
by water intrusion in depth 3m. Water could not be removed by continuous pumping at 900L/min. Sample coll. under water.
VRI.236. Hopfgarten, Tirol
>36,000
Driftwood found with Schieferkohle in uppermost layer of alluvial
sands and lacustrine silt overlain by Inn-eisstrornnetz till. Sediment rests
on gravel of Hall Valley fill. Site 20m below present surface, alt. 730m.
Hopfgarten (47° 2(i' 32" N Lat, 12° 08' 36" E Long), Tyrol. Coll. 1970
and subm. by F. Mayr. Contnzent (F.M.): expected result.
10,580 ± 140
VRI-271. hnst, Tirol
8630 B.C.
Wood (Pinus silt estris) in slopewash silt on surface of banded silt
and clay, Ist find in pit of Imst (47° 11' 45" N Lat, 10° 45' 12" E Long),
Oberinntal, Tyrol. Coll. 1970 by F. Fliri and H. Heuberger; subm. by
F. Fliri. Coininent (F.F.): expected date.
VRI-309. Kufstein, Tirol
Recent
Wood (Picea) found in Pendling cave, Cut II, depth 40cm, with
cave-bear bones; near Kufstein (47° 34' 20" N Lat, 12° 06' 40" E Long),
Tyrol, alt. 1484m. Coll. 1971 and subm. by W. Kneussl, Solbad Hall
i.'h. Comment (H.F.): wood not contemporaneous with bones.
VRI-301. Mils, Tirol
<850
Wood (root of Pinus) ca. 0.5m above base of Wiirm ground moraine
ca. 7m thick. Gravel pit N of Mils near Solbad Hall (47° 18' 21" N Lat,
Heinz Felber and Edwin Pak
430
11' 31' 48" E Long), Tyrol. Coll. 1971 by H. Crepaz; subm. by F. Fliri.
Comment (F.F.): sample covered by ca. 6m till. If primary deposition
in moraine, onset of last great advance of Wiirm glaciation in Inn Valley
is dated by sample. Date proves young vegetation also suggested by absence of pressure marks.
7950 ± 160
VRI-240. Moetz-Klammbach, Tirol
6000 B.c.
Plant chaff in thin lens half-way up bluffs facing last houses in
Klammbachgraben, 1.5km N Moetz (47° 17' 42" N Lat, 10° 57' 18" E
Long), Inn Valley, Tyrol, alt. 705m. Higli bluffs, 15m, expose structure of
late glacial valley fill: gravel followed by sand interbedded with several
layers of banded silt. Coll. 1970 and subm. by F. Mayr. Comment (F.M.):
sediment sequence indicates rapid changes from alluvial fan to alluvial
plain to lake and vice versa. Moraines and ice-marginal terraces near
Moetz support conclusion that valley fill and lakes were caused by Oetz
Valley glacier advance (Steinach I ?).
VRI-231.
Roppen North 3, Tirol
Recent
Needles (Pinus and La)-ix) from exposure by bulldozer near forest
road, alt. 900m, SSE above Roppen (47° 13' N Lat, 10° 50' E Long),
mouth of Oetz Valley, Tyrol. Samples found upon buried soil of Roppen
beneath block of Wetterstein dolomite in left lateral moraine (distal
side) of former Oetz Valley glacier (moraine of Tschirgant landslide).
Coll. 1970 and subm. by H. Heuberger, Geog. Inst., Univ. Innsbruck.
Comment (H.H.): submitter hoped to (Lite soil of Roppen formed between 2 late glacial advances of Oetz Valley glacier, not later than
AAllerod as H.H. supposes.
8970 ± 140
VRI-239. Trins, Tirol
7020 B.c.
Charcoal, conifer wood, id. by H. Hilscher, 10m below surface of
steep (20°) alluvial cone burying N branch of Type-Gschnitz-Moraine,
2km upstream from terminus. Irregular and oversteepened bedding of
debris indicates deposition on ice. Site, few meters above ground moraine,
near Trins, (47° 04' 19" N Lat, 11° 23' 40" E Long), alt. 1240m, Tyrol.
Coll. 1970 and subm. by F. Mayr. Comment (F.M.): sample perhaps
somewhat younger than Type-Gschnitz-Moraine. But time-lag should
be short, since retreat of Gschnitz glacier and melting of buried ice on
steep S slope may not have taken too long.
Sellrain Tal series, Tirol
Samples from vicinity of St. Sigmund, Sellrain Tal, Tyrol; subm.
by I. Neuwinger, Forstliche Bundesversuchsanstalt, Imst.
General Comment (I.N.): dates provide chronology for forest history.
930 ± 190
VRI-278. Paidaer Sonnberg
A.D. 1020
Amorphous charcoal from burning horizon ca. 50cm below recent
I'ienna Radhit)i Instititte Rculiocarbora Dutes It'
431
A-horizon of iron-humus-poclsol changed by use as pasture land. Undersized sample. Paidaer Sonnberg (47° 13' N Lat, 11° 07' F Long), 1950m.
Coll. by G. Heiss.
1680 ± 110
VRI-279. Haggener Sonnberg 1
A.D. 270
Charcoal from burning horizon 60cm below Or of iron-poclsol on
block heap. Iaggener Sonnberg (47° 13' N Lat, I1° 05' 30" L Long),
ca. 1950m. Coll. by G. Heiss.
VRI-280. Haggener Sonnberg 2
Recent
Root (Pi)rus cemnbrn) ca. 20cm below recent A-horizon of iron-podsol
changed by use as pasture land. Haggener Sonnberg (47° 12' 20" N Lat,
° 06' L Long), ca.
I
1800ni. Coll. by W. Hensler.
1
Untermieming series, Tirol
Material from area gravel pit Untermieming (47° 17' 50" N Lat,
Inn Valley, Tyrol. Coll. 1970 and subm.
10° 58' 39" L Long), near Tells,
by F. Mayr.
VRI-237. Untermieming-See I
Recent
Wood from buried pine stumps, upright, 1 to 3m tall, 110 to 120m
NNL of entry to pit, 5 to 7ni below surface of alluvial cone. Unlike
today, trees rooted in lenses of loamy sand only. Heartwood perfectly
preserved; outer parts of stimips moldy. Cotnmcitt (F..M.): submitter
hoped for evaluation of long-range activity of an alpine alluvial cone.
VRI-238. Untermieming-See II
Recent
Charcoal at base of fine sands overlying foot of alluvial cone near
entry of pit. Sands form terrace ca. 2m high. Contcnaertt (F.ILL): suburitter hoped to (late birth of lake at "See" and activity of alluvial cone,
together with VRI-237.
800 ± 80
VRI-327. Donau, Wien
A.n.1150
Wood, -6 to -7nt in canal shaft near crossing M'Iitterweg-Weissenbockstrasse, Vienna 11 (48° 10' N Lat, 34° 27' L Long). Coll. 1971 by
Placiy; subm. by J. Fink, Gcog. Inst., Univ. Vienna. Comment (.J.F.):
sample embedded between alluvial sediments and gravel zone of Prater
terrace. Dates Prater terrace in this area and fine sediment accumulation
by R. Danube.
B. Germany, Greece
TSrwang series, Bayern, Germany
Samples from basin of 'I'orwang in area of Samerberg_-Gritschen
(47° 44' 53" N Lat, 12° 11' 53" F Long), Bavaria, alt. 1630m. Coll. 1970
and sLibin. by F. Maw.
General Comment
in late glacial for ca. 1000 yr, basin had icedamnied lake (moraines at Kirchwald, above Nuss(lorf). Waning of lake
means end of piedmont glaciation in Inn R. basin of Bavaria.
Heinz Fclber and Edwin Pak
432
12,560 ± 190
VRI-232. Samerberg-Gritschen I
10,610 B.C.
Dwarf willow wood (e.g., Salix herbacea) from 1 to 3cm thick soil
horizon 1.5m below present surface. Comment (F.M.): 1st late glacial
vegetation in basin of Torwang.
12,560 ± 190
VRI-233. Samerberg-Gritschen II
10,610 B.C.
Moss peat from 1 to 2cm thick peat band 30cm above dwarf willow
horizon (VRI-232) separated by sand and colluvium. Comment (F.M.):
short peat growth following last short expansion of Inn glacier.
5420 ± 100
VRI-234. Samerberg-Gritschen III
3470 B.C.
Wood from root-stock (presumably Jnnipc)-us sp.) with strongly reduced parenchyma, id. by H. Hilscher, 0.5 to 0.7m below present surface.
Sample from cluster of old and young root-stocks, tops of which were
found lm above oldest soil (VRI-232). Mud flows buried plants while
growing and frost action disturbed bedding and thin soil as soon as
plants died. Comment (F.M.): root-stocks date 1st settlement of Torwang
basin by alpine dwarf shrubs. Suggested by VRI-232, submitter expected
older age.
27,000 ± 800
Driskos, Greece
25,050 B.C.
Pieces of fossil wood in undisturbed primary sedimentation in
VRI-326.
weathered siltstone of smid flow sealing slope to R. Arachthos, near
Driskos (39° 40' 40" N Lat, 21' 00' 00" E Long), NE Greece. Sample
from 40m below surface, 126n behind entrance of horizontal adit, alt.
430m. Coll. 1971 and subm. by G. Riedmiiller, Inst. f. Bodenkde., Hochschule f. Bodenkultur, Vienna. Comment (G.R.): wood dates mud flow.
11.
ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES
A. Austria
Attersee series, O.O.
Wooden piles from bottom of Lake Attersee at depth 3 to 4m, Sta.
]Misling 111, Gde. Unterach am Attersee (47° 49' N Lat, 13° 30' E Long),
Upper Austria. Coll. 1970 and subm. by H. Offenberger, Bundesclenkmalamt, Vienna. Wood determined by J. Kisser.
General Comment (H.O.): no artifacts; possibly remnants of Neolithic
settlement. Dates refute supposition.
sta.
VRI-251. Misling III/1
Hard wood (Picea abies) pile consisting of
5
VRI-252. Misling 111/2
Hard wood (Abies alba) pile consisting of
18
<400
rings. N part of Sta.
<400
rings. Middle part of
Vicuna Radium Institute Radiocarbon Dates IV
VRI-253. Misling 111/3
Hard wood (Picea abies) pile consisting of
433
<450
7
rings.
S
part of Sta.
Mondsee series, O.O.
Wood piles from bottom of Lake Mondsee at depth 2 to 5m, Gde.
Innerschwand, Mooswinkl (47° 48' 50" N Lat, 13° 23' 40" E Long),
Upper Austria. Coll. 1970 and subm. by H. Offenberger. Wood determined by J. Kisser.
General Comment (H.O.): no artifacts; possibly remnants of Neolithic
settlement.
<220
VRI-249. Mooswinkl 1
Hard wood (Picea abies).
4560 ± 100
2610 B.c.
VRI-250. Mooswinkl 2
Soft kneadable wood (probably Populuc). Comment (H.O.): part of
Neolithic lake dwelling.
350 ± 110
A.D. 1600
VRI-254. Pichl-Auhof, Mondsee, O.O.
Wooden pile (Pi(ea abies) from bottom of Lake Mondsee at depth
1 to 2m, Gde. Innerschwand, Pichl-Auhof (47° 48' 55" N Lat, 13° 24' 15"
E Long), O.O. Coll. 1970 and subm. by H. Ollenberger. Comment (H.O.):
date disagrees with supposition of prehistoric settlement remnants.
B. Turkey
2300 ± 90
VRI-222. Ephesos, Turkey
350 B.c.
Charred wood found together with fragments of ceramics and bones
10m below level (contact with underground water) beside place of archaic
sacrifice of altar of temple of Diana (Artemis) in Epliesos (Bammer,
1966-67; Vetters, 1971) (37° 57' N Lat, 27° 20' 10" E Long), Turkey.
Coll. 1969 and subm. by A. Bammer, Osterr. Archaolog. Inst., Univ.
Vienna. Comment (A.B.): dating by ceramics points to middle of 6th
century i;.c. Origin of discrepancy unknown.
Rt:FF.RFNCeS
Bammer, A., 1966-67, Tcmpcl and Altar der Artemis von Ephesos: Osterr. Archaol.
Inst. jaluresh., v. 48, p. 21.
Felber, Ileinz, 1970, Vienna Radium Institute radiocarbon dates I: Radiocarbon,
-
v. 12, p. 298-318.
1971, Vienna Radium Institute radiocarbon dates II: Radiocarbon, v. 13,
p. 126-134.
1972, Cher (lie Datierung hydrothermalcr Warzcnsinter aus Badgastein
nach der Radiokohlenstoffinethode: Tschermaks Min. Petrol. Mitt., v. 17, p.
222-231.
Felber, Ileinz and Pak, Edwin, 1972, Vienna Radium Institute radiocarbon dates III:
Radiocarbon v. 14, p. 498-505.
Fliri, F. et at., 1970, Der Bandcrton von Baumkirchen (Inntal, Tirol)-Eire ncue
Schlusselstelle zur Kenntnis der Wiirm-Vereisung der Alpen: Zeitschr. Gletscherkde.
Glazialgeol., v. 6, p. 5-35.
Heinz Felber and Edwin Pak
434
Fliri, F., Hilscher, H., and Markgraf, V., 1971, Weitere Untersuchungen zur Chronologic der alpinen Vereisung (Banderton von Baumkirchcn, Inntal, Nordtirol):
Zeitschr. Gletscherkde. Glazialgcol., v. 7, p. 5-24.
Florkowski, T. and Job, C., 1969, Origin and underground flow time of thermal
waters in crystalline basements complexes: Steirische Beitr. Hydrol. (Graz), v.
21, p. 37-50.
Grabherr, W., 1949, Thermale Warzensinter pflanzlicher Ilerkunft an dcn Thermen
von Bad Gastein: Bad Gastciner Badeblatt, N. 9, p. 13-14.
Miinnich, K. O. and Vogel, J. C., 1959, C-14-Altersbestimmungen von Sii(3wasserkalkAblagerungen: Nat urwissenschaften, v. 46, p. 168-169.
Mutschlechner, G., 1963, Lage and Naumen (let Gasteiner Thermalquellen, 2. Teil:
Bad Gasteiner Badeblatt, v. 23, p. 257-259.
Patzelt, G., 1967, Die Gletscher (let Venedigergruppe: Doctoral thesis, Univ. Innsbruck.
Scheminzky, F., 1968, TStigkeitsberischt des Forschungsinstitutes Gastein der Osterreichischen Akademie dcr Wissenschaften im Jahre 1967, 1. Teil: Badgasteiner
Badeblatt, v. 28, p. 439-442.
Scheminzky, F. and Grabherr, W., 1951, fiber Uran anreichernde Warzcn- uud
Kn6pfclrensinter an dsterreichischen Thermen, insbesondcrc in Gastein: Tschermaks Min. Petrol. Mitt., v. 2, p. 257-282.
Seemauu, R., 1970, Neue Funde von Bohnerzen and Pyrit in der Dachsteiu-MammutHOhle: Hohlenkdl. Mitt. Landesvcrcines Hdhlcukde, in Wien u. No.. No. 1970.
Vcttcrs, H., 1971, Die dsterrcichischen Ausgrabungen in I:phcsos im Jahr 1970: Anz.
Osterr. Akad. Wiss., Wien, phil-hist. Kl., v. 1971.
[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 15,
No. 2, 1973, P. 435-441]
RUDJER BOSKOVIC INSTITUTE RADIOCARBON
MEASUREMENTS II
DUSAN SRDOC, ADELA SLIPPCPVIC*, JOSIP PLANINIC,
BOGOMIL OBELIC, and BRANKO BREYER
Institute "Rudjer Boskovic", P.O.B. 1016, Zagreb, Yugoslavia
The present list contains dates of samples measured since our
previous list (R., 1971, v. 13, p. 135-140). As before, age calculations are
based on the Libby half-life 5568 ± 30 yr, and reported in years before
1950. The modern standard is 0.950 of the activity of NBS oxalic acid,
giving a net counting rate of 21.68cpm. The background count is
measured by a series of inactive samples such as marble, anthracite,
petroleum coke, and old natural methane. Background count of these
samples give a mean value of 6.05cpm. It is observed that marble always
gives the highest value of background count while natural methane gives
the lowest. Results, however, are within ± I Q of the mean value.
The reduction of nearly 3cpm in background count with respect
to previous values listed in R., 1971, v. 13, p. 135-140 is obtained by
adding a 10cm layer of low background lead (Melice, Yugoslavia) around
the guard counter and by increasing the gas pressure in the guard counter
from 0.9 to 2atm. Also, an electronic shield consisting of a steel cabinet
containing the counters, the preamplifiers, and the lead shield eliminated background variations caused by electric noise.
Before combustion, wood and charcoal were treated with
4°,o HC1
and 4jo NaOH. The counting method is essentially the same as described
in R., 1971, v. 13, p. 135-140, using a 1.IL proportional counter at 3atm
CH, pressure. Sample descriptions were prepared in collaboration with
collectors and subnaitters. The errors quoted correspond to l u variation of sample net counting rate and do not include the uncertainty in
C'' half-life. Data are not corrected for isotopic fractionation.
The recent
activity of speleothems (dripstones) is assumed to be 85j") of modern
samples; therefore 1305 yr has been subtracted from the radiocarbon
age (1\1i_innich and Vogel, 1959).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank the Council of Scientific Research of SR Croatia for providing partial financial support. We also thank E. Hernaus for preparation of samples and methane synthesis, B. Novak for data processing,
and V. Andreic and A. Gregoran for construction and maintenance of
gas lines and electronics.
*
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ, of Zagreb, Yugoslavia.
Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Univ. of Zagreb, Yugoslavia.
435
436
Dusan Srdoc et al.
SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS
ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES
A. Yugoslavia
281-!-67
1669
Z-164. Kupa near Karlovac
near KarR.
Kupa
of
bed
Fragment of wooden boat from muddy
subm.
and
Coll.
1970
Croatia.
E
Long),
23'
lovac (44° 50' N Lat, 15°
A.D.
by S. Janjic, Mus. Karlovac.
95 ± 79
A.D. 1855
Z-204. Osor
Fragment of beam from sea near Osor, Cres I., Adriatic Sea (44°
40' N Lat, 14° 20' E Long). Coll. 1971 and subm. by V. Uranija, Mus.
Zadar.
2106 ± 69
156 B.c.
Z-221. Punta sv. Ivana
ship,
wooden
Wood from sand, 25m deep in sea, probably part of
Long),
E
6'
Lat,
17°
N
59'
W of Viganj on Peljesac Peninsula (42°
SE Croatia. Coll. 1971 and subm. by Z. Rapanic, Archaeol. Mus., Split.
1021 ± 65
929
A.D.
Z-223. Bribir
near
Bribir
in
Wood from coffin containing human skeleton, found
and
subm.
1972
Coll.
Croatia.
S
Skradin (43° 56' N Lat, 15° 51' E Long),
by S. Gun]aca, Inst. Natl. Archaeol., Split.
237 ± 63
1713
A.D.
Z-224. Vucedol
Fragment of wooden boat (Quercus) from muddy bed of Danube
R. 3km downstream from Vukovar (45° 20' N Lat, 19° 00' E Long), NW
Croatia. Coll. 1972 and subm. by H. Malinar, Croatian Inst. Restoration,
Zagreb.
2386 ± 58
A.D. 436
Z-217. Prozor
Fragment of charred wooden board covering grave No. 44 at 80cm
depth near Otocac (44° 50' N Lat, 15° 10' E Long), Lika, Croatia. Site
was settlement of Japods, an Illyrian tribe. Buckle ornamented with
amber found in same grave indicates late Iron period. Coll. 1971 and
subm. by R. Dreksler, Archaeol. Mus., Zagreb.
Bezdanjaca series
Wood and speleothems from Bezdanjaa cave, Brakusova Draga near
Vrhovine (44° 50' N Lat, 15° 23' E Long), Lika, Croatia. Cave is 1km
long and 42 to 300m deep. Served as necropolis to Protojapodes. Wood
subm. by R. Dreksler and H. Malinar and speleothem by M. Malez,
Yugoslav Acad. Sci., Zagreb. Ceramics indicate middle Bronze age (1500
to 1300 B.c.), or late Bronze age (1300 to 1200 B.c.). Some wooden samples
Rudjer Boikovic` Institute Radiocarbon Measurements II
437
are sticks of circular or semicircular sec. (branchlets) ca. 20cm long found
around fireplaces and probably served as torches; others are more or
less flat, dressed sticks ca. 20cm long with sharpened and partly burned
tips, found close to skeletons and probably served in funeral rites. Analysis of wooden sticks made by B. Petric and V. cukanec, Fac. Forestry,
Univ. Zagreb.
3351 ± 77
Z-174. Bezdanjaca 1
1401 B.C.
Ceremonial torches from niche of main gallery of cave 72m from
entrance.
Z-186/I.
2986 ± 75
1036 B.C.
Bezdanjaca 2
Decayed short sticks (Corylus spp. Betulaceae, Fraxinus
spp. Oleaceae) from Grave 21, Block 24. Cominent: date suggests contamination
with recent organic matter.
Z-186/II.
3299 ± 61
1349 B.C.
Bezdanjaca 3
Ceremonial torches (Pines sylvestris), Grave 21, Block 24.
Z-191/I.
2229 ± 75
279B.c.
Bezdanjaca 4
Stalagmite core deposited on pottery in Grave 21, Block 24 at same
place as Z-186/11.
Z-191/II.
1275 ± 70
Bezdanjaca 5
Outside layer of stalagmite deposited on pottery.
Z-219. Bezdanjaca 6
Partly burned wooden sticks, Grave 19, Block 23.
Z-220. Bezdanjaca 7
Wooden construction near fireplace, Block
A.ID.675
3060 ± 58
1110 B.C.
2867 ± 75
917 B.c.
1.
St. Donat series
Wooden beams (Quercus) from gallery floor in St. Donat church,
Zadar, SE Croatia (44° 5' N Lat, 15° 15' E Long). Only well-preserved
beams with 110 to 120 tree rings which could be easily counted were
drilled out, each containing 10 to 20 tree rings as indicated below.
Samples subm. 1970 by Ksenija Radulic, Inst. Preservation Cultural
Monuments, Zadar. B. Bersa and C. Ivekovic think St. Donat church
was erected in 6th century, V. de Ponte and K. Bulic believe in the
9th century (Petricioli, 1962).
Z-177. St. Donat
Tree rings 0 to 20.
1389 ± 60
Dusan Srdoc et al.
438
Z-178. St. Donat
Tree rings 0 to 10.
1400 ± 62
67
1302
St. Donat
Tree rings 90 to 100.
General Comment: based on mean value estimated by weighted means
of the 3 samples, trees were in cut A.n. 695 ± 55. It was assumed that
30 ± 10 tree rings of sapwood were cut away during shaping of beams.
This would be earliest date that beams could be used for construction
of gallery floor. However, the possibility exists that wood was stored for
some years or that it was used in another building and built into St.
Donat church afterwards.
Z-178/I.
Stobi series
Charcoal (except at noted) from Stobi, at junction of Crna R. with
Vardar R., S of Titov Veles, Macedonia, (41° 33' N Lat, 210 59' E
Long). Site dates from late Roman times and earlier. Except where
noted, samples were coil. by hand and put in polyethylene bags for
storage. Coll. 1971 and subm. by J. R. Wiseman and E. M. Davis, Stobi
Excavations, Naroden Muzej, Titov Veles, Yugoslavia, and Classics
Dept., Univ. Texas, Austin. Many of these samples are also being dated
by Univ. Texas lab. Dates will be discussed elsewhere, (W'Viseman and
Mano-Zissi, in press).
1611 ± 69
339
Z-207. Stobi R-71-3
Episcopal basilica, S stairway, AV extension; above Steps 2, 3, 4 of
stairway, alt. 146.89 to 147.39m. Later than final destruction of building.
A.D.
S
1779 ± 66
A.D. 171
Z-216. Stobi R-71-14A
W cemetery, S trench, N and L parts; from zone resting on Wall
8, alt. 148.97 to 149.22m, with abundant pottery of 1st and 2nd centuries
A.D. Stored damp in polyethylene bag for 3 weeks, then dried.
1836 ± 68
A.D. 114
Z-213. Stobi R-71-15
Nuts; W cemetery, S trench, from fill in L end of Grave 21, assoc.
with bulbous unguentarium, probably 1st century A.D. Wrapped in tissue,
placed in polyethylene bag: tissue removed 3 weeks later.
1769 ± 69
153
A.D.
R-71-33
Stobi
Z-212.
on
highest
layer
in
destruction
House of the Fuller; charred beam
149.66m.
Cerato
alt.
149.25
building;
of
final
destruction
of 4 floors,
mics late 4th century. Coll. by hand into tray, moist; transferred to
polyethylene bag, left open for 6 weeks in basement lab.
Rudjer Boikovi' Institute Radiocarbon tlleasitrenicnts II
439
1883 ± 72
Z-210. Stobi R-71-34
A.D. 67
1V cemetery, fill of Grave 82, from early history of cemetery.
1877 ± 65
Z-206. Stobi R-71-35
A.D. 73
lV cemetery, fill of Grave 57, early in history of cemetery, A.D. 150
or earlier.
1619 ± 65
Z-215. Stobi R-71-36
A.D. 331
Acropolis, Trench 1, from destruction debris in Room 4; probably
a roof beam. Should (late end of last occupation in this part of site.
Ceramics and coins indicate 5th or possibly 6th century A.D.
1619 ± 66
Z-205. Stobi R-71-37
A.D. 331
Episcopal basilica, S stairway, NE area of E Ext. 5; from Wall #5
to and beyond Wall #13. Burned timber from final layer of destruction
fill in this area above latest earth floor; alt. 143.37 to 143.98m.
1759 ± 61
Z-211. Stobi R-71-38
A.D. 191
Episcopal basilica, baptistry; from deposit above NE and NW parts
of mosaic floor encircling piscina. Alt. 143.15 to 143.39m.
B. Paleolithic and Mesolithic of Central and Eastern Europe
33,540 ± 1830
Z-188. Strmica
31,190 B.c.
Bone collagen from Strmica (44° 10' N Lat, 16° 20' E Long), 12km
N of Knin, SE Croatia, in valley of Butisnica R. Coll. 1971 and subm.
M. Malez, Yugoslav Acad. Sci., Zagreb.
27,300 ± 1200
Z-189. Velika Pecina Cave, Layer g
25,350 B.c.
Charcoal from hearth in Layer g from Velika Pecina Cave near
Veliki Goranec (46° 17' 10" N Lat, 16° 02' 22" E Long) near Ravna
Gora, NW Croatia. Layer contains bones and teeth of Pleistocene animals and flint and bone artifacts of Aurignacian industry. Coll. 1970
and subm. by Al. Malez. Comment (M.M.): results agree well with earlier
analysis of layers e (GrN-4980) and c (GrN-4990) (Malez and Vogel,
1970).
Z-190.
257 ± 59
Mali Bukovac
A.D. 1693
Soil with charcoal pieces in Layer a from Mali Bukovac rock shelter
on Sleme near Lokve (45° 21' N Lat, 12° 25' E Long), Gorski Kotar,
W Croatia. Layer contains bones of recent animals. Coll. 1970 and
subin. by M. Malez. Comment (M.M.): date as expected.
Dusan Srdoc et al.
440
20,750 ± 400
18,800 B.c.
Z-193. 9andalja
Charcoal grains mixed with clay in Layer c/d from cave in Sandalja
limestone quarry, (44° 52' 57" N Lat, 13° 53' 48" E Long), 4km E of
Pula, Istra, W Croatia. Layer contains teeth and bones of Pleistocene
animals and flint artifacts attributed to Gravettian culture. Coll. 1970
and subm. by M. Malez. Comment: dates agree well with results of
Layer b GrN-4978: 12,320 ± 100, and Layer e GrN-5013: 23,450 ± 180
(R., 1972, v. 14, p. 66), of same site.
2833 ± 72
883 B.c.
Z-195. Podosojna Cave
Charcoal grains mixed with soil from Layer d in Podosojna Cave
SE of Detani village near Moscenicka Draga (45° 15' N Lat, 14° 14'
E Long) Istra, W Croatia. Layer contains prehistoric ceramics. Coll. 1970
by J. Radovcic, Yugoslav Acad. Science, Zagreb, subm. by M. Malez.
4000 yr.
Comment (M.M.): expected age
25,745 ± 670
23,795 B.c.
pecina
Medvjedja
Z-196.
Fragment of speleothem; part of Layer b from Bukovac cave on
Sleme near Lokve (45° 20' 30" N Lat, 12° 25' 17" E Long) Gorski Kotar.
Coll. 1971 and subm. by Al. Malez. Cornment (M.M.): date as expected.
6470 ± 95
4250 B.C.
Z-198. Podosojna
Charcoal grains mixed with soil under Layer f(g) in Podosojna
Cave SE of village Detani near Moscenicka Draga (45° 15' N Lat, 14°
14' E Long) Istra. Layer contains prehistoric ceramics. Coll. 1970 and
subm. by J. Radovcic.
Veternica series
Veternica Cave is 700m N of Gornji Stenjevec near Zagreb (45°
50' 36" N Lat, 13° 32' 24" E Long), NW1' Croatia. Four samples are
from 2 vertical profiles of compact speleothem forming Layer c. Distance between profiles is ca. 8m. Sample Z-194 is from top, and Z-201
from bottom of 1st profile of speleothem, 70cm thick here, and forms
uppermost layer in this region of cave. Sample Z-218/1I is from top,
Z-218/1 from bottom of 2nd profile of the same speleothem, which is
here only 10cm thick and covered with 40cm thick Layers a and b.
Coll. 1971 and subm. by M. Malez.
Z-194. Veternica 1
Fragment of speleothem (Layer
age: 3000 to 5000
4655 ± 90
2705 B.c.
c,
top). Comment (M.M.): expected
B.C.
Z-201. Veternica 2
Fragment of speleothem (Layer
12,355 ± 180
10,405 B.c.
c,
bottom).
Rudjcr Boskovic Institute Radiocarbon Measurements
Z218/I. Veternica
3
Fragment of speleothem (Layer c, bottom).
Z-218/II.
11
441
11,095 ± 150
9145 B.c.
4495 ± 80
2545 B.c.
Veternica 4
Fragment of speleothem (Layer
c,
top).
REFERENCES
bfalez, Al. and Vogel, J. C., 1970, Die Ergebnissc der Radiocarbonanalyscn (let Quartiiren Schichicn der Velika Pecina in Nordwest Kroatien: Sci. Sec. A, Bull.,
v. 15, p. 390-391.
Miinnich, K. O. and Vogel, J. C., 1959, Alteibestimmung von Siisscvasser-Kalkablageruugcn: Natnrtvisscnschaftcn, v. 46, p. 168.
I'ctiicioli, 1., 1962, Donat, Sv.: Enciklopcdija likovnih umjetnosti, v. 2, p. 73-75,
Izdanje Lcksikografskog zavoda FNRJ, Zagreb, 1962.
Srdoc, 1)., Meyer, B., and Sliepcevic, A., 1971, Rudjer Boskovic Institute radiocarbon
measurements I: Radiocarbon, v. 13, p. 135-140.
Vogel, J. C. and Waterbolk, 11. T., 1972, Croningen radiocarbon dates X: Radiocarbon, v. 11, p. 6-110.
Wiseman, J. and Mano-Zissi, Dj., (eds.), Studies in the antiquities of Stobi: v. 1,
in press.
Vol. 15, No. 2
Radiocarbon
1973
CONTENTS
ANU
BONN
1
IGS
IRPA
IVIC
MC
NTU
OWU
P
R
SI
VRI
Z
Michael Barbetti and Henry Polach
Australian National University Date List
II. W. SSeharpenseei and F. Piettig
University of Bonn Natural
Radiocarbon Measurements VI
James Buckley
Isotopes' A diacacbou Measurements
E. Welin, L. En-gstrand, and S. Vacz
Institute of ('geological Sciences
V
X
2,11.
252
280
Radiocarbon Dates IV
M. Dauchol3Dehon. and J. Heylen
299
Artistique Radiocarbon Dates IV
M. A. Tamers
Instituto Venezolano de lnvestigaciones Cientifieas
Natural Radiocarbon MMeaeureauents VII
and Y. Thomaneret
Thommeret
J.
Monaco Radiocarbon Measurements IV
Y-C. Hsu, M-C. Chous, V-C. Hsu, S-Y. Lin, and S-C. Lu
National Taiwan University
Radiocarbon Measurements II
J. Gordon Ogden, Ill and Ruth J. Hay
Ohio Weslevan University Natural
Radiocarbon Measurements V
Barbara Lawn
University of Pennsylvania
Radiocarbon Dates XV .........
Al. Alessio et at.
University of Rome Carbon-14 Dates XI ..
Robert Siuckenrath and J. F. Alielke
Smithsonian Institution Radiocarbon
Measurements VIII
Heinz Felber and Edwin Pak
Vienna Radium Institute Radiocarbon Dates IV
Drawn Srdoc" et at.
Rudjer I3oskovie Institute
Radiocarbon Measurements 11
303
lnstitut Royal do Patrimoine
307
321
345
350
367
312
388
425
435