Progression in Sentence Types (non-fiction) – Using Alan Peat’s Sentence Types Terminology pupils should be introduced to is in bold Year Group 1&2 Sentence type Examples Name – adjective pair – sentences Works on a show and tell basis where name and details form the main clause Achilles – fiery and ferocious – led the Myrmidons into battle. (1) Recycling – household and industrial – is a crucial element in conserving our environment. (2) HISTORICAL REPORT (1) PERSUASIVE (2) First word last sentences Start with a key word, expand upon that key word, then repeat the same key word at the end of the sentence REPORT Then and now sentences The first part of the sentence is a time related statement which describes the state of things as they were then (positive, negative or informative). The second part presents the opposing perspective which describes how things are now. PERSUASION Adverb from adjective sentences Two part sentence. This first part is a descriptive statement which includes an adjective. The second part adds further detail using an adverb. REPORT So… sentences Used to create tension. Impressive…the view from the top of the mountain is truly impressive. Additional points to be taught through the sentence type Adjectives Can use alliteration also Repetition Months ago I used to eat meat, but now I am a vegetarian The people in this part of the country are sad and they go off sadly to work every day. Adjective Adverb Cold – coldly Brave – bravely Delightful - delightfully I had never seen anything so… terrible. Ellipsis DIARY Position + place, subject + action sentences Opens with a subordinate clause describing the position and place of an action in specific terms. RECOUNT INSTRUCTIONS At the top of the Wellington Arch, I looked out to see the Horse Guards approaching. Subordinate clause Command 2 3&4 Getting worse/getting better sentences Used to dramatically heighten a text. PERSUASION (1) REPORT OR EXPLANATION (2) Does not/does (will not/will) sentences Double sentences PERSUASION (1) BALANCED ARGUMENT (2) Subject – 3 examples – are all sentences An example of a three-part sentence. The subject opens the sentence, followed by three examples of the subject (with a dash before and a dash after). Finally the third part is introduced by the words ‘are all’. REPORT or PERSUASION (1) DIARY (2) (v) ed next (v) ed sentences First part of the sentence describes an initial action using a past tense verb (with an ed ending). The second part of the sentence describes a subsequent action which occurs as a direct result of the first action. Another past How would you feel if your child was hurt, maimed or even killed by a car? (1) (Each word in bold gets progressively more dramatic – sad, worse, even worse) Steam engines were good, combustion engines were even better, but hydrogenpowered engines are set to change the world. (2) I’ve known people who say that dropping a sweet wrapper does not matter. What does matter is the fact that if everyone thought like this then the world would be a dreadful place. (1) Some scientists have said that global warming will not negatively affect life on Earth. Others, however, are certain that it will. In this essay we will consider both sides of the debate. (2) Extreme sports – motocross, base jumping and white-water rafting – are all equally dangerous! (1) Parties – with friends, colleagues, or even people I’ve never met before – are all just as traumatic for me. (2) The mourners lifted the coffin and carried it slowly towards the church. Connective 3 tense verb - (v) ed – follows the connective ‘and’ NEWSPAPER ARTICLE Description, which + simile sentences A simile is used in the second part which elaborates on the description in the first part. EXPLANATION This is that sentences An example of a metaphor. REPORT With a(n) action, more action sentences Starts with a subordinate clause which starts with the phrase ‘with a(n), followed by an action and a comma. INSTRUCTIONS Action as if sentences Opens with an action which is usually quite intense in nature. This is followed by the words ‘as if’, then a description of the character’s intent, which serves to explain the action and provides an insight into their motivations and desires. FORMAL LETTER OF COMPLAINT As_ly sentences Opens with an action description which starts with the word ‘As’ and ends with an adverb (_ly) The valleys have crooked ravines, which curve around like the blade of a scimitar. Simile The explorers knew they were standing on the shoulders of giants. Metaphor With a final dash of pepper, the dish will be ready to serve. Subordinate clause You talk about the construction of this road as if it will have no impact on the lives of the locals. The difference between structures typical of informal speech and structures appropriate for formal speech and writing (such as the use of question tags, e.g. He’s your friend, isn’t he?, or the use of the subjunctive in some very formal writing and speech and speech, e.g. If I were or Were they to come) As the water heats up quickly, a change of state happens called ‘evaporation’. Adverb EXPLANATION 4 5&6 Tell: show 3; examples sentences Two part sentence. First part tells reader a fact. This is followed by a colon. After the colon a list of three examples follows. As this is a phrase lies (not single words) semi-colons are used. REPORT Object/person (aka…) sentences aka (ay-kay-ay) is an abbreviation for ‘also known as’ INSTRUCTION OR EXPLANATION Then and now sentences The first part of the sentence is a time related statement which describes the state of things as they were then (positive, negative or informative). The second part presents the opposing perspective which describes how things are now. Henry VIII was a ruthless king: divorcing unwanted wives; beheading others; executing many who opposed him. Colon A good grill pan (aka griddle or chargrill) is an essential item of kitchen equipment. Brackets Acronyms When_; when_; when_; then_. sentences Ends with a statement, which is preceded by three examples of occurrences, which, when combined, lend credibility/prove/predict the final statement. Great striking paragraph or opening. At first Werner von Braun thought it was a normal assignment, but soon he realised it was something much more dangerous. Variations: Years ago… but now… Back then… today… Even though then… now it seems… Although… now… People once thought…however… Initially…Now, however… When you look at the remains of Tutankhamen; when you examine the damage to his skull; when you look at the motives of his advisors, then it is clear that the young Pharoah’s death should be treated as suspicious. REPORT Most important – in short sentences Useful as a conclusion after several sentences about the same topic. The end of the sentence is summative. Above all the sea is feared by many for the distance it places sailors from safety – in short, it is a vast and often dangerous place. (1) BIOGRAPHICAL RECOUNT Semi-colon in a list 5 REPORT (1) BALANCED ARGUMENT (2) PERSUASIVE (3) Emotion – consequence sentences Starts with the description of an emotion, followed by a dash and a description of the consequence of that feeling. BIOGRAPHY (1) REPORT (2) The question is: sentences Composed of two sentences. The first is a short description of an action or statement of fact. The second begins with the phrase ‘The question is’ followed by an intriguing question which draws the reader into the text. Above all, the debate about whether foxhunting should be banned or not will run and run – in short, everyone has strong opinions on the matter. (2) Above all, fox hunting should be banned because of the extreme cruelty involved in the chase and the kill – in short, it is barbaric. (3) King Henry was furious - he ordered the execution of his wife. (1) Dash Captain Smith was determined – he continued through the ice despite the warning telegraphs. (2) An area of forest equivalent to thirty-six football fields is cut down every minute. The question is: how can we stop this? PERSUASION 6 7