Environmental Management
Lesson 2 – 1Q – 1st PARCIAL
Student:____________________________________________________________
Date: ______________ Grade: 1st Bach
Section:
Teacher: Mrs. Delgado
Comparison of two Case Studies (MEDC and LEDC)
1. Main facts of the Earthquake.
Japan
The 9.1-magnitude (Mw) undersea earthquake
occurred on 11 March 2011 at 14:46 local time
(05:46 UTC) in the north-western Pacific Ocean at
a relatively shallow depth of 32 km (20 mi), with
its epicenter approximately 72 km (45 mi) east of
the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku, Japan, lasting
approximately six minutes. A tsunami was sent
crashing into the country’s north-eastern coast. It
lasted 6 minutes.
Haiti
The Earthquake was 7.3 on Richter scale, 15km from
the Capital Port au Prince and only 9.65 Km (6 mi) deep.
There have been no large earthquakes in Haiti for 200
years. The earthquake struck at 16:53 (4:53pm) local
time on Tuesday 12 January 2010. It happened in a
matter of seconds but in the proceeding 12 days, a total
of 52 aftershocks were recorded each further weakening
and damaging infrastructure.
What does the magnitude of the earthquake refer to? How does the depth of the focus affect the
aftermath of the Earthquake? How could the time of the aftermath of the Earthquake? Use examples
in your answers.
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2. Why did they happen?
Haiti, January 2010
Japan, March 2011
Describe the processes happening in Japan and Haiti using each diagram. Mention the plates involve
and the type of boundaries.
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3. Country Development
Indicator
Values
Indicator
Values
GDP per capita*
People Living in
Poverty (less than $2
per day)
Access to Clean Water
$37,100
16% of the population
GDP per capita*
People Living in
Poverty (less than $2
per day)
Access to Clean Water
$1,200
80% of people
Life Expectancy
Literacy Rate
People Per Doctor
Hospital bed density:
100% of the population
(universal)
84 years
99%
2.14 doctors per 1000
people
13.4 beds/1,000
population
*average income a year per person
Life Expectancy
Literacy Rate
People Per Doctor
Hospital bed density:
46% of the population
(universal)
62 years
53%
0.25 doctors per 1000
people
0.7 beds/1,000
population
*average income a year per person
What conclusions can you draw on Haiti's and Japan’s level of development? How will this have
affected its vulnerability to a major earthquake event? Explain your answer fully using the
information from the chart.
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4. Impacts
Japan
Haiti
A total of 12,431 people were confirmed dead by 3 million people in total affected. Over 220,000
Japan's National Police Agency, while 15,153 were deaths caused by the collapsing buildings, a small
missing. A total of 164,059 households in the north tsunami and the cholera epidemic in the proceeding
were without electricity, At least 170,000 households weeks. The resulting sanitation problems have
in eight prefectures were without running water
increased cases of dysentery, malaria and drugresistant tuberculosis. 300,000 injured and treatment
Hundreds of thousands of homes, many schools and difficult due to several hospitals collapsing and the
hospitals, airports and rain infrastructure destroyed.
death and displacement of medical staff in and around
The tsunami caused dramatic drops in industrial Port au Prince.
production that imposed a toll not only on Japan’s
economy, but also on the many other countries linked 1.3 million people made homeless due to collapsed or
through these production networks
partially collapsed and unsafe housing.
The shutdown of the nuclear reactors has had far more
damaging long-term economic consequences. Only Deforestation and forest clearance to make way for
two nuclear reactors have restarted operations, and temporary camps and for building materials.
the Japanese government has had to resort to large Small scale pollution by the leakage of oil and other
increases in oil imports to make for the gap in chemicals into the surrounding environment due to
electricity supply. Consequently, Japan has the rupture and damage to industrial facilities.
experienced record trade deficits, in the order of $78 Pollution of water supply leading to cholera
billion in 2012. Portions of northeastern Japan shifted epidemic. 30,000 commercial buildings collapsed
by as much as 2.4 m closer to North America
leading to a loss of trade and income for the already
A 400 km stretch of coastline dropped vertically by crippled economy.
0.6 m, allowing the tsunami to travel farther and faster
onto land.
Businesses destroyed and vast sums of money for the
rebuilding process – money that Haiti did not have.
The leakage of radioactive waste from Fukushima Damage to the main clothing industry.
into the surrounding air, soil and water caused
considerable environmental problems. Fishing ceases Airport and port damaged so damage to imports and
in the area.
exports as well as a slowdown in the rescue and
The financial cost of rebuilding the Tohoku region is response from overseas. Appeals for international aid
staggering (in its latest stimulus budget, the Abe were immediately requested by Raymond Joseph,
government slated $18 billion dollars for this Haiti's ambassador to the United States and his
purpose).
nephew, singer Wyclef Jean. The American Red
Cross quickly announced that it had run out of
supplies in Haiti and appealed for public donations.
4. How are the impacts from the Earthquake in Japan different from the ones in Haiti? Write your
answer based on three main aspects: social, economic, and environmental impacts.
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5. Classify the Impacts in Short Term and Long Term impacts. Include at least 6 impacts in your
classification.
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