EOC Study Guide Springfield Government Instructions: This is in NO WAY a comprehensive list of everything that could possibly be on the EOC (50 questions) or Constitution (100 question) tests, but it is a very good starting point to study. The Constitution Test will be all multiple choice question and the EOC is MC, technology enhanced, and short answer questions. Both are done on the computer. This study guide will serve for both exams. You must write out information for EACH item (except italics) and EACH section of the study guide to receive full credit IN YOUR OWN WORDS (no copying/pasting from the Internet or friends). Complete your work in a DIFFERENT COLOR if doing electronically. If the term is in ITALICS, memorize it. No additional information is needed on the study guide for those terms. No notes, study guides, or aides can be used on the tests. Everything must be memorized! 4 Qualities of a Government Maintaining Order, Providing Public Services, Providing National Security, Providing for the Economy Economic Terms Supply and Demand Opportunity Cost Did Government Involvement Increase or Decrease in each of these periods? What are these periods of time? New Deal, Great Society, Reaganomics, New Conservatism-1970s/80s theory to use government power to pursue conservative domestic/foreign policies. Decrease of government involvement. Fiscal Policy Market Economy Socialism Mixed Economics- Elements of free market economies and government controlled economies (a combo) Macroeconomics Microeconomics Laissez-Faire Taxes Capitalism/Free-Market v. Government-centered solutions (i.e. who is making policy decisions?) Evolution of Government Magna Carta Social Contract Theory Continental Congresses Enlightenment- 1500-1700s, time period with philosophes that promoted ideas of liberty, equality, & justice Self-Rule- nation/people choosing its’ government and controlling its’ activities- like a (in)direct democracy. Mayflower Compact- 1st document framing a government in America (self-govern, consent of the people). Establishment of Colonial Legislatures (House of Burgesses)- 1619 formed in Virginia, first democratically elected representatives in the colonies, bicameral like England Salutary Neglect- Britain did not strictly enforce its’ laws in the colonies, so they started selfgovernance. Common Sense- pamphlet by Thomas Paine in 1776, promoted independence with moral and political reasons. Continental CongressesIdeas from Declaration of Independence: Social Contract Due Process Popular Sovereignty John Locke’s Theories- Natural Law= Natural Rights= Unalienable RightsRight to Revolution Articles of Confederation StrengthsWeaknessesInfluences during Constitutional Convention Hammurabi’s CodeGreece- Direct Democracy Rome- Indirect Democracy/Republic British Parliament- Bicameral Parliament, Rule of Law (every person has to follow the rules in the gov’t) Social Contract Theory Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau The ColoniesProblems During the Constitutional Convention Connecticut (Great) Compromise New Jersey Plan Virginia Plan 3/5 Compromise Bill of Rights Federalist v. Anti-Federalists Federalist Papers Bill of Rights Purposes of Government- list/give examples Principles Checks and Balances (KNOW THE CHART!) Separation of Powers Federalism Judicial Review Limited Government Popular Sovereignty Articles of Confederation v. Constitution- compare trade, monetary policy, and taxation Ideas from Constitution: Due Process of Law Popular Sovereignty Rule of Law Representation Federalism Economics- Trade, Monetary Policy, and Taxation are controlled by Central Government Legislative Branch- Article 1 of the Constitution What does it do? Federal, State, and Local Example Senator and Representative Qualifications How many people are in the Senate, House, and Congress (and how are they picked?) Bicameral v. Unicameral How a Bill Becomes a Law Committees Oversight Necessary and Proper Clause/ Elastic Clause Expressed (Enumerated), Concurrent, and Implied Powers Gerrymandering, Filibustering, Cloture Supremacy Clause 17 Amendment 27 Amendment Executive Branch- Article 2 of the Constitution What does it do? Federal, State, and Local Example Executive Orders Executive Appointments Pardons President’s Cabinet 8 Roles of the President 20 Amendment- moves up Pres. Inauguration date so no “lame duck” or ineffective legislatures and Presidents 22 Amendment Direct Election Presidential Primaries Electoral College How Demographics Affect Voting Impeachment Judicial Branch- Article 3 of the Constitution What does it do? Federal, State, and Local Example Federal Court Structure (Supreme, Appeals, District) Jurisdiction Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Miranda v. Arizona, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Edu. Judicial Review Judicial Activism Judicial Restraint Double Jeopardy th th th nd Writ of Habeas Corpus Affirmative Action Right-to-Work- cannot forced to join a union. Conflict between more job opportunities v. decreased wages 4 Branch of Government- Parties and Groups and Media Functions of a Political Party- Provide Candidates for Elections, Inform Public about Issues Interest Group, Lobbyists PACs and Super PACs Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission Media Bias Partisanship Bill of Rights 1 (Limit of the government) 2 (Protect the Individual) 3 4 Amendment (limit of the government) 5 Amendment (limit of the government, property rights) 6 (Protect the Individual) 7 8 Amendment (limit of the government) 9 10 th ST nd rd th th th th th th th Civil Rights/Amendments for Equality 13 Amendment 14 Amendment 15 Amendment 19 Amendment 24 Amendment- no poll taxes 26 Amendment State and Local Government- Powers of Citizens to Make Change Initiative Referendum Recall Petition Advocacy Selective Service Voting, Taxes, Jury Duty, Follow Laws The myth of Nullification- States can invalidate any law they think is unconstitutional Different Government Types Monarchy Parliament How Parliamentary Leaders are Chosen Authoritarian Totalitarian Democratic 5 Components of a Democracy Laissez-Faire th th th th th th Oligarchy Theocracy Other Words to Know Stratification- to divide or arrange by social classes, economic classes, ethnicity, gender Sovereignty Liberty Ratification Common Good For this section of the study guide, please memorize any terms in italics as well as what terms go with each bold concept. You do not need to write anything additional: Government Power Expanding Elastic Clause Commerce Clause- a line in the Constitution that says Congress has exclusive power over trade between states, foreign countries, and Indian tribes. A loophole that expands the power of Congress. Marbury v. Madison New Deal- expansion of executive bureaucracy Civil Rights- 14 Amendment and Judicial Activism (Roe, Brown) War on Terrorism (Patriot Act): Response to 9/11 attacks, gives federal government expanded ability to collect information on peoples to combat terror at home and around the world. Federal versus State Power Federalism Exclusive Powers- aka Executive/Expressed powers- only belonging to the Nat’l gov’t, listed in Constitution Reserved Powers, Concurrent Powers Supremacy Clause McCulloch v. Maryland 10 Amendment, 14 Amendment 13 Colonies Geography How did the physical AND cultural geography affect the creation of the Declaration and Constitution as well as other changes in our government? th th th
