International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)
Volume 10, Issue 03, March 2019, pp. 726–737, Article ID: IJMET_10_03_076
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=3
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359
© IAEME Publication
Scopus Indexed
TOOLS COMPARISON FOR SOCIAL
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ADOPTION TO
SUPPORT COLLABORATION AMONG
LECTURERS
Marisa Karsen, Cadelina Cassandra, Desi Maya Kristin
Information Systems Department, School of Information System
Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia 11480
ABSTRACT
Knowledge Management is one important component of an organization in
determining the internal development of the organization. Knowledge Management
enables organizations to collect, store, distribute, and reuse the knowledge that a
company's assets have.
Likewise in the area of education, knowledge management has now evolved to be
easier to deploy. Many colleges have tried to figure out how to use social computing
to collaborate with educators and students in knowledge management. The most
frequent problem of knowledge management is the willingness of the user to use or
distribute it. The collaboration and communication aspects of social computing or
web 2.0 is the basic successful use of knowledge management. This paper conducted
an analysis about the best tools and technology that can be adopt as social knowledge
management system for lecturer in doing collaboration among units and other
lecturers. As the result, one existing technology found suitable for lecturers to be used.
Key words: knowledge management, social computing, web 2.0
Cite this Article: Marisa Karsen, Cadelina Cassandra, Desi Maya Kristin, Tools
Comparison for Social Knowledge Management Adoption to Support Collaboration
among Lecturers, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology
10(3), 2019, pp. 726–737.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=3
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, Social Computing or also web 2.0 technology is well known by the people.
Internet users use social computing to collaborate, share content, and communicate easily
through the network and even form a community [1]. The capabilities of web 2.0 now also
widely used by various fields. One of the example is e-commerce field, which is utilize web
2.0 that bringing up a new term which is social commerce. Social Commerce allows
collaboration and communication between users and even can be the one of business
promotion way [2].
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With this social commerce, other businesses are competing to add their features to become
social commerce. Likewise in the field of education, web 2.0 is used to support learning, then
known as social learning where the learning process can also be interesting and collaborate
between students and teachers. Various examples of web 2.0 applications that can help in the
learning process are blogs, wikis, social tagging, social gaming and so on.
Web 2.0 is quite successful to facilitate the learning process of the organization. Every
organization in any field must continue to learn about this technology, so that appears the
term, which called organizational learning. Learning organization is a process where the
organization improves the competence in it either process, procedures, employees, and others.
This learning process is closely related to the knowledge management that must be owned
by the company. The concept of knowledge management is used by organizations to store and
disseminate information and aims to manage organizational knowledge used for learning [3].
Knowledge management is a very important component and must be maintained by the
company. Currently, technology has been utilized to support the optimally implementation of
knowledge management. Knowledge Management System (KMS) as a tool often
implemented by the company to maximize the spread of knowledge through technology. But
the success of a knowledge management is not the technology offered, but the willingness of
the employees and the knowledge owners to disseminate it. This is because knowledge is a
human action, and it has been conceptualized since the first knowledge is used as a company
asset [4], so even though company already provided a sophisticated and easy KMS, it will not
be useful if there is no human action in it, humans hesitate, or not interested. Therefore it’s
very important for the organization to make the person with the knowledge to share the
knowledge with others.
Companies or organizations need to be able innovate as quickly as possible if they still
want to survive in the long term, because knowledge enables companies to grow [5]. An
important concept of knowledge management is the activity related to communication,
training, dissemination, and collaboration. Overall, the purpose of this knowledge
management has the same characteristics as web 2.0 which enables its users to share,
communicate, collaborate and collaborate but in an interesting way, that is why social media
is so much in demand, users are increasing and even using it happily without coercion. This is
a great opportunity in knowledge management area to be collaborated with the social
computing to achieve the expected goals.
University becomes one of the educational organizations that have a lot of lecturers, so
there is possibility of knowledge management is needed for lecturer to share news or
collaborate with another lecturers and university staff to run Tridharma of higher education,
which consist of lecturing, research, and community services. The increasing number of
lecturers is causing the limited information that receive by the lecturers. University should
have strategy to get closer to the lecturers without feeling neglected. Therefore, in this study
researchers became interested in knowing what the organization needed in utilizing
knowledge management when collaborated with social computing, how practical that social
computing can be implemented in our daily life because it may have been practiced before, so
the results of its analysis can be used to develop social knowledge management for the
organization especially higher education like University.
Today, social knowledge management is not a new term anymore, the combination
between knowledge management and social media is very useful to support the collaboration
in this digital era. People are changing, most organization found difficulties in maintain their
knowledge management because the employee lazy to share their knowledge in the portal and
they don’t interested to collaborate, but on the other side, social media is very popular and
anyone very happy to share their experience and collaborate with other people easily, this
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Tools Comparison for Social Knowledge Management Adoption to Support Collaboration among Lecturers
change is due to the change of the culture, people, and also technology. We have change if we
want to survive. Social knowledge management is the concept of knowledge management, the
purpose is the same as the purpose of knowledge management, the different is the way to
deliver that knowledge is in the way how social media works. People will feel more
comfortable to share their knowledge and experience using application like social media but
the purpose is for knowledge management and collaboration, that’s way it’s called as social
knowledge management.
In this research, we would like to know how organization maintain their knowledge and
keep the information up to date to all of lecturers. As we know, not all lecturers are full timer,
they work as employee in industry and they seldom come to university. The problem often
faced are lecturer feel less engagement between unit and not many lecturers want to share
about their knowledge online, they only can get knowledge if they come to some events
organized by the organization.
2. BACKGROUND THEORY
2.1. Knowledge Management
Knowledge Management is the process which we collect, group, organize, and disseminate
knowledge within an organization to speed up work, reuse best practice methods, and reduce
project costs. Knowledge Management can also be defined as a process of coordination
between resources, technology, processes, and organizational structures aimed at generating
added value from the use of re-knowledge and innovation [6]. By using knowledge
management, we can generate new knowledge that is useful for business processes and our
daily lives.
2.2. The Objectives of Knowledge Management
The objectives of Knowledge Management are:
For Individual

KM aims to assist individuals in finding jobs and save time for decision making and problem
solving.

Build a sense of community bonds within the organization

Provide challenges and opportunities for individuals to contribute
For Community of Practice

KM aims to develop professional skills

Facilitate more effective networking and collaboration

Develop code of ethics from its members

Develop the same language in a group.
For Organization

KM aims to trigger the organization's strategy

Solve problems that occur quickly

Developing knowledge that can be incorporated into products and services

Improve the organization's competitive advantage

Build organizational memory
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By using KM, Organization can become richer in knowledge, so it can be superior
compared to its competitors. Organizations here can be companies, schools, and universities.
2.3. Knowledge Management on Higher Education
Knowledge Management has been widely applied in higher education, especially on
University. The application of knowledge management will trigger the knowledge sharing
which is defined as the basis of learning where the process of transfer and exchange of
knowledge from various sources and individuals both within and between the organization
team. Knowledge sharing itself is a basic part of knowledge management, where the process
of sharing information and ease of getting information. [8] knowledge sharing is the process
by which individuals exchange their knowledge and ideas through discussion to create new
knowledge or ideas. [9]
2.4. Web 2.0 and Social Computing
Web 2.0 can be defined as a collaborative and interactive communication concept through a
virtual community via the Internet. [10]. Web 2.0 is a business revolution in the computer
industry because the internet involves people or people who interact. Users can participate
actively, because web 2.0 combines internet users on the web area and knowledge
management. [11]
With the existence of Web 2.0 technology it can allows internet users to learn how to
share content to others by using social media, which is one of the activities in social
computing. Through this web 2.0, knowledge management becomes more interactive because
it can conduct discussions with other internet users and give comments to each other on the
content shared on the social media. [10]
2.5. Social Computing in Higher Education
Currently, many higher education, especially universities have adapted the use of social
computing to facilitate communication and collaboration among lecturers and students, as
well as among the students themselves. Currently students of generation Y generation or Net
generation prefer to work in teams that involve peer-to-peer communication. They also love
the interactive learning process, so new techniques for learning and research are needed.
Social computing in higher education can make it easier for students to join Virtual
Classroom, contribute to blogs, wikis, social websites, and create student-created learning
materials. Here are some of the most widely used functions of Social Computing:
Table 1 The most used of social computing functions[1]
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Chat box is the most widely used in generation Y and the communication of teaching and
learning process, teachers can have a group chat to discuss with their student about the lesson.
Forum also popular in teaching and learning process, many organization use Learning
Management System include Forum inside the system to make more collaboration between
them.
2.6. Social Knowledge Management
The purpose of social knowledge management framework is to create an environment where
we have the opportunity to gather wisdom, and create new dimensions in our lives by helping
people to share the knowledge that people gain based on experiences that have been lived
according to their age. Previous research has focused on building a social knowledge
management framework from older generations in order to share information with younger
generations. [12]
Social software can support the activities of knowledge management itself, such as blogs,
wikis, social networking, social media, conferencing, forums, and other tools that can support
the distribution of knowledge. However, both studies have not specifically examined the
implementation of Social Knowledge Management in higher education. [13].
According to Panahi, Watson, & Patridge [14], by looking into the characteristic of social
media, this is the best way in spreading information for organization. Social media can help
people to stay connect, build relationship, sharing information, and trust. This principle is
suitable for Knowledge Management principle to support the knowledge sharing.
Table 2 Social Knowledge Management Aspects
Aspects
Social Interaction
Experience Sharing
Possiblities
Informal relationship
& Networking
Observation and
Listening
Mutual Swift Trust
Description
References
Is the main aspect of social knowledge
Panahi, Watson, &
management that they can do the social
Partridge, 2012; [14]
interaction by communicating, discussing, Boulos & Wheeler, 2007
and dialoguing. The example are chat,
[15]
forum, and other online interaction.
People learn something from people
Panahi, Watson, &
experience. User generated content is very Partridge, 2012; [14]
important is social web and enable people Nilmanat, 2009; Hildrum,
to share, telling stories, etc. Every user in 2009 [16]
knowledge management possible to share
their experience
Developing the informal relationship can Panahi, Watson, &
help knowledge sharing. Social knowledge Partridge, 2012; [14] Joia
management in organization can also
& Lemos, 2010 [17]
support informal relationship and also get
more networking
Observation is one of potential success in Panahi, Watson, &
knowledge sharing especially for tacit
Partridge, 2012; [14]
knowledge. Social knowledge management
can support group by listening to each
other by communication more often
By the end, the information of social
Panahi, Watson, &
knowledge management has to be a trustful Partridge, 2012; [14]
information so people will able to share
Cheng & Hung, 2010 [18]
their knowledge on trustworthy media.
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3. RESEARCH METHOD
The methodology used in this research are :

Data collection method is done by literature study by doing a review of various literature
sourced from journals / articles, books, and websites to get the latest literature for use in this
study.

We did an interview session with 10 lecturers and unit PIC to get some information about their
work and how they organized knowledge among employee.

After we’ve got sufficient literature review for this study, we create questionnaire to ask the
respondent about social knowledge management implementation and tools they have right
now. This research was conducted on one private university in Indonesia.

Next, we make a comparison about several technology and tools that have been used by the
respondent, and at the end we come with one technology that fit the best for the organization
to support collaboration and sharing knowledge among lecturers and unit.

After we got the best technology and application that can be used broadly for the lecturer, we
will try to implement it to the organization.
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Based on the interview result, we conclude that most lecturers and organization unit use social
media as the tools for collaboration and sharing knowledge, the most used are Whatsapp,
Line, and Facebook. With this culture, when we offer a new system to be implemented for
social knowledge management purpose, they give a good impression on social knowledge
management because they use social media only for communication in group chat without
proper knowledge sharing and integration, but the issue they addressed if they have to use a
new application, they afraid it is difficult and need more time to use because of the amount of
lecturers and also the work load of unit. Because of this condition, we suggest them to adopt
the existing technology and the closest one to their work habit. To know which technology
adoption the best for them, we make a comparison between four software or application that
can be used by them and we also compare the features that fit best to social knowledge
management purpose. Some social media that we compare are Whatsapp (because all of the
lecturers and unit has Whatsapp in their phone and they have group chat with their friends),
Microsoft Teams (this application is not used by the lecturers and not all lecturers know about
this application but in this university, all lecturers have account because of the partnership
with Microsoft, it will be possible if they want to use Microsoft teams as a collaboration and
knowledge tool), Facebook (some lecturers still use facebook to communicate and get
information for organization page), Line (is also the communication tool).
Table 3 Comparison between tools that can be adopted
Features
Chat
Favorite
Mute Chat
Group Chat
Video Call
Group Video Call
Call
Group Call
Sharing File
Meeting
Whatsapp
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
-
Microsoft Teams
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
Connect with
outlook calendar
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Facebook
V
V
V
V
-
Line
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
-
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Features
Save Message
Save File
Translate
Mark as Unread
Mention
Bold Text
Whatsapp
Microsoft Teams
Facebook
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
Need to use
V
V
special character
Underline Text
Need to use
V
V
special character
Mark and Color Text
V
V
Follow and Unfollow
V
V
Like & Comment
V
V
View Activity
V
V
Invite meeting
V
Other Things
Free
V
V
V
Plus
Easier to add
Can categorized the Can categorized
posting because topic on specific
the picture into
only one page issue and aspect, so albums
needed to open it will easier the user
to find the certain
shared knowledge
Minus
Many
Not familiar with More likely to
information lost, the application
use for informal
because the
activity
conversation
always update to
the newest one
Line
V
V
V
V
Easier to add posting
because only one page
needed to open
Many information lost,
because the conversation
always update to the newest
one
From the table, we can see that Microsoft teams seems have complete features that can
support social knowledge management.
To have more deep analysis, we also conduct questionnaire to more lecturers about what
they use in support their collaboration and knowledge sharing, and see the possibilities of
Microsoft Teams to be implement as social knowledge management tool. We make questions
based on social knowledge management aspect, the aspects are Social Interaction, Experience
Sharing Possibilities, Informal Relationship & Networking, Observation & Listening, Mutual
Shift Trust. Here are some of the results from the questionnaires. We got 45 Respondents.
Social Interaction with lecturers and unit is very important
1. Social Interaction between workers and
department is an important things (# Respondent)
40
36
35
30
25
20
15
8
10
5
1
0
Strongly disagree
Disagree
0
Agree
Strongly Agree
Figure 1. Respondent Answer 1
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Most of the respondents agree if social interaction is very important for their job in formal
form.
Today’s media is very helpful to support social interaction.
2. Nowadays, the available media has already
support sosial interaction (# Respondent)
19
20
18
16
16
14
12
9
10
8
6
4
1
2
0
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Figure 2. Respondent Answer 2
Many respondent agree if media available today is appropriate to support social
interaction.
Sharing knowledge is very important and we like to share knowledge with others.
3. I with my collegues are very happy to share the
knowledge and activities that we already join.
(# Respondent)
30
24
25
19
20
15
10
5
2
0
0
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Figure 3. Respondent Answer 3
Respondents tend to agree if sharing knowledge is very important. Sharing knowledge
include like activities they do together.
Sharing Knowledge need Social Media
4. In my opinion, sharing knowledge needs social
media (# Respondent)
25
20
20
15
15
10
5
7
3
0
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Figure 4 Respondent Answer 4
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We asked the respondents about social media in sharing knowledge, 35 people agree if
sharing knowledge need social media. This because of social media as one of powerful tool
for sharing purpose.
Respondent has a good relationship with their colleges and unit in the organization.
5. I have good relationship with my colleagues
and my work unit (# Respondent)
25
22
20
20
15
10
5
2
1
0
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Figure 5. Respondent Answer 5
Most Respondent has a good relationship with their colleges and unit works. This
condition proof that the condition for lecturer to sharing knowledge has a big opportunity.
Respondent build relationship with others using social media
6. I usually connect with my colleagues by using
social media (# Respondent)
25
21
20
15
12
9
10
5
3
0
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Figure 6. Respondent Answer 6
For about 33 respondents agree if they build relationship most using social media to help
them. This indicates that social media is somehow important for them to sharing something
and build a good relationship.
Colleges and Unit works are willing to hear comment from others
7. My colleagues and my work unit are willing to
hear my opinion (# Respondent)
30
26
25
20
15
11
10
5
6
2
0
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Figure 7. Respondent Answer 7
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Respondents tend to agree if their colleges and also work units are willing to hear and also
give comments to other opinion for improvement.
To share knowledge, respondent agree if the trustworthy information is very important
8. I want the information that is available and
shared is reliable information(# Respondent)
35
30
30
25
20
14
15
10
5
1
0
Strongly disagree
Disagree
0
Agree
Strongly Agree
Figure 8. Respondent Answer 8
In sharing information and knowledge, 44 respondents agree if trust is very important.
Even though in social media context where informal information probably can be shared, but
they need a trustworthy information.
Respondent trust the information if it come from unit of the organization
9. I believe that the information submitted by the
work unit concerned is useful information for me
(# Respondent)
25
21
20
20
15
10
5
3
1
0
Sangat Tidak Setuju
Tidak Setuju
Setuju
Sangat Setuju
Figure 9. Respondent Answer 9
Information shared from unit is a trustful information, 41 respondents agree if there is
information from unit, they will trust it.
We also asked the respondents about what are their favorite communication tool and
knowledge sharing tool. most of them answered Whatsapp application is their favorite tool.
But they know if whatsapp is only for communication, if they want to collaborate more
active, they need more than only chat and group, they need a topic categorization. Beside that,
they also not to really trust whatsapp for work, they only use for informal communication and
formal communication to make it quick. They will support if there is an application than can
be adopted to support social knowledge management.
We also make a group discussion with some lecturers after questionnaire. After all
analysis, we suggest lecturers to use Microsoft teams to collaborate, some of the advantages
using this application are:

Communication in formal purpose
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
Easier to arrange meeting and activities, lecturers often forgot to attend meeting, seminar, or
workshop organized by the units because information is only by chat and email

Users can comment to others post and sharing knowledge

The topic can be categorized so it will be easier the user to discuss and share topic.

Lecturers in this organization has a grant access to use this application, and they get the
Microsoft member. So, it will be useless if they don’t use it.
But, many of the lecturers still don’t know what Microsoft teams is, even though they
have account to access the application and free. We try to invite some lecturers to try the
application and show how it collaborates with other people and unit. They give us a good
impression and probably this application is the best fit application to support social
knowledge management.
5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
We can make several conclusion from the research:

From the result of this research, it can be seen that implementation of Social Knowledge
Management especially for interaction media among lecturers and also univeristy is very
necesary, and also it needed to integrated from all units to support the lecturers job.

In this research, we also concluded that social knowledge management is not yet implemented
in this object of university, the lecturers only use communication tools such as social media to
collaborate.

We suggest one application to be adopted for the organization and can be used by lecturers
and unit to support collaboration. For several reasons, this application is the best application to
be adopted, rather than build the application from the scratch and need some adjustment.

In the next step, we will make an introduction to all lecturers to start use this application and
make an evaluation.
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