Computer Organization & Architecture
Introduction (Basics)
Syed Sherjeel Ahmad Gilani
1440
February, 2019
Instructor & Students
Introduction
2
Why Study It?
 become a computer scientist?
 it makes a better programmer?
 you may need to deal with computers
someday
 performance: programming is more than
just getting the answer
 it's fun to learn how things work
 IEEE/ACM lists Computer Architecture as
one of the core subjects in CS
3
Course goal
 How computers perform computations?
 To understand the design and working of:
—Processor
 Execution steps
 Data path (functional units)
 Control
—Memory
 RAM
 Cache
 Virtual memory
4
Computer System
5
Computer System Hardware
6
Cases and Power Supply
7
Motherboard
Top View
Side View
8
Processor ?
10
Processor
11
RAM
12
Installing Components
13
Adaptor Cards
Video Card
Modem
Sound Card
Network Card
Expansion Card
14
Peripheral Ports/Interfaces
PS/2 (IBM Personal System/2)
USB (Universal Serial Bus)
VGA (Video Graphics Array)
RJ (Registered Jack)
15
Peripheral Devices
16
Components of Microcomputer
Computer
Processor
Data
path
Control
Memor
y
Peripheral
Devices
Cache
Input
RAM
Output
17
Computer Program
18
18
Levels of abstraction
C
C++
Java
Add
load
store
0000 0001 0000 1001 0101
CPU
Memory
I/O
Multiplexor Decoder Adder
Combinational
Sequential
AND
OR
Transistors
Electrons
Applications
HLL
Assebmler
Instruction
Func. Units
Components
Circuits
XOR
Wires
Gates
Hardware
Editor Browser Compiler
Software
Software  Hardware Interaction
Electronics
Atomic Units 19
Levels of abstraction
C
C++
Java
Add
load
store
0000 0001 0000 1001 0101
CPU
Memory
I/O
Multiplexor Decoder Adder
Combinational
Sequential
AND
OR
Transistors
Electrons
Applications
HLL
Assebmler
Instruction
Func. Units
Components
Circuits
XOR
Wires
Gates
Hardware
Editor Browser Compiler
Software
Software  Hardware Interaction
Electronics
Atomic Units 20
Levels of abstraction
C
C++
Java
Add
load
store
0000 0001 0000 1001 0101
CPU
Memory
I/O
Multiplexor Decoder Adder
Combinational
Sequential
AND
OR
Transistors
Electrons
Applications
HLL
Assebmler
Instruction
Func. Units
Components
Circuits
XOR
Wires
Gates
Hardware
Editor Browser Compiler
Software
Software  Hardware Interaction
Electronics
Atomic Units 21
A nice saying…
I keep 6 honest serving men.
They taught me all I knew.
Their names are:
WHAT and WHY and WHEN and HOW and WHERE and WHO.
(R. Kipling)
And believe me,
on the road of learning, these are your best companions.
22
First Lesson
Don’t care whether:
your_question == substantial OR stupid
if (your_question == substantial)
the class will be praising you
else if (your_question == stupid)
the class might fool you for a couple of minutes
else if (you_don’t_ask_question)
you will remain fool for your entire life time
Conclusion: Don’t hesitate to ask the question
23
Lets Start the Course…
24