osInternational Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 10, Issue 04, April 2019, pp. 2170-2177, Article ID: IJCIET_10_04_224
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=04
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
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SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SOLAR
CELLS RESEARCH PERFORMANCE
K. Sivasami
Assistant Professor, Department of Library and Information Science,
Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
ABSTRACT
This paper discuss on Scientometric analysis of solar cells research performance
during from 2009 to 2018, totally 46676 records were retrieved and downloaded during
the study period. solar cells research publications shows an increasing trend, 55925
authors were contributed in this research during the study period, amongst Kim J H
has first position 505 contributions, remaining 55924 authors were contributed below
500 contributions. Institutions wise contributed “Chinese Acad Sci” has first position
with 3153 contributions, “Univ Chinese Acad Sci” has second place with 730
contributions, and so on. This study found that, single author contributions are less
compare with multi authored papers in this research. The Peoples R China has first
place with 14356 contributions, USA has second place with 7002 contributions, South
Korea has contributed third place with 5761 contributions, Japan has fourth place with
3518 contributions, moreover India has seventh place with 2704 contributions.
Keywords: Solar cells, Solar power, Photovoltaic cells, Renewable energy,
sustainable energy.
Cite this Article: K. Sivasami, Scientometric Analysis of Solar Cells Research
Performance. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(04),
2019, pp. 2170-2177
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=04
1. INTRODUCTION
French physicist Edmund Becquerel discovered photovoltaic effect in 1839. He noticed that by
illuminating silver coated platinum electrode in electrolite, he could produce electric current.
Several years later, in 1876, William Adams and Richard Day observed light-induced
photocurrent in selenium with two heated platinum contacts. Probably the first large area solar
cell containing selenium and gold was made by Charles Fritts in 1894 (Nelson, J. 2003), (DOE
1980), (Barnett, A. A. 1978). Solar power is a renewable resource that is available everywhere
in the world. Solar energy is widely available throughout the world and can contribute to
reduced dependence on energy imports. Solar cells, popularly known as Photovoltaic (PV)
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K. Sivasami
cells, are actually electrical devices which help us to convert solar energy into direct current
(Verma, S. S. 2016). Solar cells are devices in which sunlight releases electric charges (Hu.C ,
Richard M. White, R.M, 1983). Solar cells are a promising and potentially important
technology and are the future of sustainable energy for the human civilization. Solar cells need
to absorb a range of energy (Ranabhat, Kiran. et al., 2016).
The temperature of solar cells was derived based on the calculation of heat generation and
a given global heat transfer coefficient (Bach, U. et al. 1998). Power generated from sustainable
and environmentally benign solar cell technologies is one of the key aspects in the development
of clean renewable energy (Rokas Kondrotas Chao Chen Jiang Tang, (2018). Solar
energy photovoltaic technology has developed rapidly for the past years and researchers over
the world have been working hard on improving the efficiency and reducing the cost
of photovoltaic devices (Wang, Ao Xuan, Yimin (2018), Krebs et al., (2009). The International
Energy Agency hopes to make solar cells the largest source of electricity in the world by 2050.
There are several scientometric studies have reported analysis of solar energy literature, but
fewer only available on solar cell research. Therefore, the present study aims to find the status
of solar cells research performance.
2. METHODOLOGY
The data have been collected from the Web of Science database; the study period is during
(2009-2018). The search string was used ‘Solar Cells’ in the Title search box, field was used,
and the time span field was select from 2009 to 2018. A total of 46676 records were retrieved,
the data downloaded and analyzed using MS office-Excel as per objectives of the present study.
2.1. Relative Growth Rate (RGT) and Doubling Time (DT)
The relative growth rate is the increase in the number of publications/pages per unit of time.
Here, one year is taken as the unit of time. The mean relative growth rate R (1-2) over a
specified period of interval can be calculated from the following equation suggested by
Mahapatra (1985).
Where,
R =
W1
W2
T2-T1
Therefore,
R (a)
R (p)
Mean relative growth rate over the specific period of interval;
=
log w1 (Natural log of initial number of publications/ pages);
=
log w2 (Natural log of initial number of publications/pages);
=
Unit difference between the initial time and final time.
=
=
Relative growth rate per unit of publications per unit of time (year)
Relative growth rate per unit of pages per unit of time (year)
2.2. Doubling Time (DT)
A direct equivalence exists between the relative growth rate and doubling time. If the number
of publications/pages of a subject doubles during a given period, then the difference between
the logarithms of the numbers at the beginning and at the end of the period must be the
logarithms of the number 2. This difference has a value of 0.693. Thus, the corresponding
doubling time for publication and pages can be calculated by the following formula:
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Scientometric Analysis of Solar Cells Research Performance
Therefore,
2.3. Objectives
The following objectives are framed for the present study;
To find out year wise publications in Solar Cells research
To identify document types contributed in Solar Cells research
To find out authorship pattern in Solar Cells research
To examine top ten institutions contributed in Solar Cells
To find top ten Sources contributions in Solar Cells
To identify top ten countries contributed in Solar Cells
3. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Table 1 year wise research performance in solar cells
Sl.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Publication
Years
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Total
No. of
records
1722
2341
3347
3974
4878
5660
6105
6090
6093
6466
46676
Percentages
3.69
5.02
7.17
8.51
10.45
12.13
13.08
13.05
13.05
13.85
100.00
Table 1 shows that, year wise research performance in solar cells, totally 46676 records
were published during 2009 to 2018. Among ten years, in the year 2018 has occupies first
position with 6466 records, 2017 has second place with 6093 publications, in 2016 published
6090 publications, followed by 2015 contributed 6105 records, 2014 has 5660, 2013 has 4878,
moreover from 2009 to 2012 has contributed blow 10 percent of publications, during the study
period solar cells research publications shows an increasing from 1722 to 6466.
Table 2 World Vs Indian contributions in solar cells research performance
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Sl. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Publication
Years
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Total
World
Output
1722
2341
3347
3974
4878
5660
6105
6090
6093
6466
46676
% of
46675
3.69
5.02
7.17
8.51
10.45
12.13
13.08
13.05
13.05
13.85
100.00
Indian
Output
71
98
125
142
216
288
374
420
449
521
2704
% of
46676
0.15
0.21
0.27
0.30
0.46
0.62
0.80
0.90
0.96
1.12
5.79
Table 2 shows that world Vs Indian contributions in solar cell research performance Totally
46676 records were contributed in solar Cells research during the study period (2704) 5.79
percent of papers were contributed by in Indian scientist during the study period. Global
publications are increasing from 3.69 percent to 13.85 percentage, and Indian output also
increasing from 0.15 to 1.12 percent.
Table 3 Relative Growth Rate and Doubling Time of Solar cells research
Sl. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Publication
Years
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Total
No. of
records
1722
2341
3347
3974
4878
5660
6105
6090
6093
6466
46676
Cumulative
Total
W1
W2
W2 - W1
(Ra)
1722
4063
7410
11384
16262
21922
28027
34117
40210
46676
7.45
7.75
8.11
8.28
8.49
8.64
8.71
8.71
8.71
7.45
7.75
8.11
8.28
8.49
8.64
8.71
8.71
8.71
8.77
0.30
0.36
0.17
0.21
0.15
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.06
Mean
(Ra) W2W1
0.26
0.06
Doubling
Time
2.31
1.93
4.08
3.30
4.62
9.90
0.00
0.00
11.55
0.16
Mean
Dt (a)
2.9
5.21
4.05
It can be seen in table 3 that the value of average relative growth rate of publications [R(a)]
decreased and increased gradually from 0.30 to 0.00 during 2009 to 2017 and again increased
to 0.06 in 2018 the corresponding mean doubling time [Dt(a)] for the period increased from
2.9 to 5.21.
Table 4 document types in solar cell research contributions
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Sl. No.
Document types
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Article
Proceedings Paper
Review
Meeting Abstract
Correction
Editorial Material
News Item
Book Chapter
Letter
Data Paper
Retracted Publication
Retraction
Book Review
Total
No. of
records
41201
2049
1347
1083
321
306
269
40
21
15
12
11
1
46676
Percentages
88.27
4.39
2.89
2.32
0.69
0.66
0.58
0.09
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.002
100.00
Table 4 shows that, document types in solar cell research contributions, totally thirteen
documents types were contributed in this research. Amongst journal articles were occupies first
position with 41201, Proceedings Paper has second place with 2049 records, Review has third
place with 1347 records, and followed by Meeting Abstract has 10833 records, Correction,
Editorial Material, News Item, Book Chapter, Book Chapter, Letter, Data Paper, Retracted
Publication, Retraction and Book Review has contributed below 1 percent contributions.
Table 5 top ten authors contributed in solar cells research
Sl.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Authors
Kim J H
Gratzel M
Li Y F
Kim J
Zhang J
Zhang Y
Kim H
Wang H
Lee J
Nazeeruddin M K
records
505
456
431
425
410
388
334
320
313
306
% of 46676
1.08
0.98
0.92
0.91
0.88
0.83
0.72
0.69
0.67
0.66
Totally 55925 authors were contributed in this research during the study period, top ten
authors were listed in the table 5, amongst Kim J H has first position with 505 contributions,
Gratzel M has second place with 456 contributions, Li YF has third place with 431
contributions, Kim J has 425 with fourth place, Zhang J has contributed fifth place with 410,
Zhang Y has sixth place with 388 contributions, Kim H has seventh place with 334
contributions, Wang H has eight position with 320 contributions, Lee J has ninth position with
313 contributions, Nazeeruddin M K has tenth position with 306 contributions, Li Y has
eleventh position with 301 contributions, and remaining 55915 authors were contributed below
305 contributions.
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Table 6 authorship pattern in solar cells research
Sl. No
Authorship pattern
No. of
authors
Percentages
1
Single author
2718
5.82
2
Double authors
5893
12.63
3
Three authors
6356
13.62
4
Four authors
9326
19.98
5
Five authors
Six and Above
Authors
10519
22.54
11864
25.42
Total
46676
100.00
6
Table 6 shows that, authorship pattern in solar cells research performance, 46676 papers
were contributed by 55925 authors. Amongst six and above authors contributions are 11864,
five authors collaborative are 10519 papers, four authors collaborative are 9326 papers, three
authors collaborative are 6356 papers, double authors collaborative are 5893 papers, Single
author collaborative are 2718 papers. It reveals that single author contributions are less
compare with multi authored papers.
Table 7 top ten institutions contributed in solar cell research performance
Sl. No.
Institutions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Chinese Acad Sci
Univ Chinese Acad Sci
Natl Taiwan Univ
Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne
Korea Univ
Sungkyunkwan Univ
Peking Univ
Soochow Univ
Natl Chiao Tung Univ
Nankai Univ
No. of
Records
3153
730
721
637
599
590
542
535
500
465
% of
46676
6.76
1.56
1.55
1.37
1.28
1.26
1.16
1.15
1.07
1.00
Table 7 shows that, top ten institutions contributed in solar cell research performance,
totally 9655 institutions were contributed in this research during the study period. Amongst
“Chinese Acad Sci” has first position with 3153 contributions, “Univ Chinese Acad Sci” has
second place with 730 contributions, “Natl Taiwan Univ” has third place with 721
contributions, “Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne” has fourth place with 637 contributions, “Korea
Univ” has fifth place with 599 contributions, “Sungkyunkwan Univ” has sixth place with 590
contributions, “Peking Univ” has seventh place with 542 contributions, “Soochow Univ” has
eight place with 535 contributions, “Natl Chiao Tung Univ” has ninth place with 500
contributions, “Nankai Univ” has tenth place with 465 contributions, and remaining 9645
institutions were contributed below one percent.
Table 8 top ten sources contributed in solar cell research
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Scientometric Analysis of Solar Cells Research Performance
Sl.No.
Source titles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
ACS Applied Materials Interfaces
Applied Physics Letters
RSC Advances
Journal of Physical Chemistry C
Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society
Solar Energy
Advanced Energy Materials
Organic Electronics
Electrochimica Acta
No. of
records
2386
1615
1462
1216
1129
1120
1066
920
901
901
884
% of
46676
5.11
3.46
3.13
2.61
2.42
2.40
2.28
1.97
1.93
1.93
1.89
Totally 1329 sources were contributed in this research during the study period, in the table
8 indicates that top ten sources contributed in solar cell research, amongst “Solar Energy
Materials and Solar Cells” has first position with 2386 contributions, “Journal of Materials
Chemistry A” has second place with 1615 contributions, “ACS Applied Materials Interfaces”
has third place with 1462 contributions, “Applied Physics Letters” has fourth place with 1216
records contributions, “RSC Advances” has fifth place with 1129 contributions, “Journal of
Physical Chemistry C” has sixth place with 1120 contributions, “Abstracts of Papers of the
American Chemical Society” has seventh place with 1066 records contributed, “Solar Energy”
has eight place with 920 contribution, “Advanced Energy Materials” and “Electrochimica
Acta” has ninth place with 901 contributions respectively, “Electrochimica Acta” has tenth
place with 884 contributions, moreover the remaining 1318 instructions were contributed
below 880 contributions.
Table 9 top ten counties contributed in solar cell research
Sl.No.
Countries/Regions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Peoples R China
USA
South Korea
Japan
Germany
Taiwan
India
England
Australia
Switzerland
No. of
Records
14356
7002
5761
3518
3234
2925
2704
1628
1556
1283
% of
46676
30.76
15.00
12.34
7.54
6.93
6.27
5.79
3.49
3.33
2.75
Table 9 shows that, top ten countries contributed solar cell research, 124 countries were
contributed in this research during the study period, amongst top ten countries are; Peoples R
China has first place with 14356 contributions, USA has second place with 7002 contributions,
South Korea has contributed third place with 5761 contributions, Japan has fourth place with
3518 contributions, Germany has fifth place with 3234 contributions, Taiwan has contributed
2925 contributions, India has seventh place with 2704 contributions, England has eight place
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with 1628 contributions, Australia has ninth place with 1556 contribution, Switzerland has
tenth place with 1283 contributions, Moreover, remaining 114 countries were contributed
below 2.0 percent contributions.
4. CONCLUSION
Conclude from the present study, solar cells research performances very important at present
situation, totally 46676 publications were contributed in this research during the study period.
Amongst solar cells research performance are rising from 1722 to 6466, Thirteen documents
types were contributed in this research, journal articles were occupies first position with 41201,
Proceedings Paper has second place with 2049 records, and reaming documents were
contributed below 3 percent of publications. Totally 55925 authors were contributed in this
research during the study period, Kim J H has first position with 505 contributions, single
author contributions are less compare with multi authored publications, “Chinese Acad Sci”
has first position with 3153 contributions, remaining 9654 institutions contributions are below
2 percent. Totally 1329 sources were contributed in this research during the study period;
“Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells” has first position with 2386 contributions, 124
countries were contributed in this research, amongst Peoples R China has first place, USA has
second place, South Korea has contributed third place, remaining countries were contributed
below 10 percent of contributions.
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