osInternational Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 10, Issue 04, April 2019, pp. 1849-1853, Article ID: IJCIET_10_04_193
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=04
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
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STUDY OF YOUNG PLANT SPECIES FOR
GREENSPACE IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
Yetrie Ludang
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya,
Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to examine the ability of young species of green plants to absorb
CO2. Plant tillers consist of Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus), Ashoka (Ixora coccinea),
Bottle Palm (Mascarena lagenicaulis) and Red Shoot (Syzygium oleana). The longterm goal is to find out the role and contribution of the types of green open space plants
to plants for the beauty of the city as well as climate change mitigation efforts in Central
Kalimantan.
Keywords: plant tillers, CO2 uptake, greenspace
Cite this Article: Yetrie Ludang, Study of Young Plant Species for Greenspace in
Central Kalimantan. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology,
10(04), 2019, pp. 1849-1853
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=04
1. INTRODUCTION
Increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere include carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. The impact
caused by increasing CO2 is that the air temperature gets higher on the surface of the earth
which influences living things on it. Actions to improve in order to reduce CO2 gas increase
needed the role of the Central Kalimantan provincial government. Conservation activities are
one of the ways that need to be taken in order to reduce CO2 gas emissions. Greenspace (RTH)
plants are a mainstay in overcoming the problem of CO2 gas emissions, because it is generally
in the form of open space which is intentionally planted with trees or plants as ground cover as
well as an effort to overcome the problem of CO2 gas emissions.
Wardhana (2010) predicts about 0.5oC an increase in the average temperature in the earth's
atmosphere compared to 100 years ago. Greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere is
increasing and the impact caused, among other things, is the increasingly high temperatures on
the surface of the earth which have an effect not good for living things on it. In 2005 GHG
emissions of around ± 15% of Indonesia's total GHG emissions were generated from the
province of Central Kalimantan. DNPI and the Central Kalimantan Provincial Government
(2010) predict an increase in GHG emissions by 18% if the remediation effort is not done.
Environmental conservation actions are needed in order to reduce the increase in GHG,
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Yetrie Ludang
especially CO2 gas in the atmosphere. Planting activities (rehabilitation) on critical lands in
Central Kalimantan are carried out to maintain the forests remain sustainable. Greenspace is
land use as a guardian of environmental equilibrium in urban areas. One of the environmental
conditions influenced by greenspace is the atmospheric environment that is directly and
indirectly.
Greenspace in urban areas in the form of open space deliberately planted with trees and
plants as ground cover as well as an effort to overcome the problem of CO2 gas emissions. At
present there have been many studies related to measuring the ability of CO2 absorption by
several types of plants. The problem is that the research is still limited to the tree-level growth
phase. Research on the growth phase of plant tillers, especially the tillers of RTH plants aged
± 3-5 months, such as Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus), Ashoka (Ixora coccinea), Bottle palm
(Mascarena lagenicaulis) and Red Shoots (Syzygium oleana) are still not done. Whereas the
data is important to know and can be used as a baseline to predict the amount of CO2 absorbed
by plants as the plant's age increases are related to climate change mitigation in Greenspace.
Research related to plant CO2 absorption has been carried out by researchers since 20142018 according to the University Palangka Raya research roadmap. Further research on other
types of plants, namely Greenspace plants in accordance with the achievement indicators for
2019 fiscal year. Research according to the 2017 Palangka Raya University Research Plan
(RIP) featured topics on "Biodiversity and Biodiversity" and according to the Guidelines for
the Year Research Proposal Guide 2018 Directorate of Research and Community Service with
the topic of research on "Contributions and Roles of Forests in Climate Change".
Therefore the specific objective is to measure the CO2 uptake of plant tillers and general
objectives to determine the role and contribution of the types of tillers of Greenspace plants as
plants for the beauty of the city as well as climate change mitigation efforts in Central
Kalimantan.
2. CARBON DIOXIDE AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The flow of carbon from the atmosphere to vegetation is a two-way flow, namely the binding
of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere through the process of decomposition and combustion and
absorption of carbon dioxide by plants. Naturally in the earth's atmosphere, it comes from
volcanic emissions and microbial activity in the soil (organic matter change) and plant
respiration and human respiration results (Mangkoedihardjo and Samudro, 2014). In addition,
this gas is also produced from the combustion process of oil and gas fuels which are widely
used in cities (Soemarwoto, 1994 in Ludang, 2013).
Carbon dioxide is a gas needed by plants in its growth. Plants use CO2 for photosynthesis
in producing food ingredients. In general, photosynthetic reactions are binding of CO2 gas
from air and water molecules (H2O) from the soil with the help of light which will form sugar
(C6H12O6) and oxygen gas (O2).
Kusminingrum (2008), the presence of CO2 gas in the atmosphere is currently very
abundant and can stimulate photosynthesis and increase growth and productivity without being
followed by increased water demand (transpiration). But the increase in the concentration of
large CO2 gas has resulted in the effect of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) that have an impact on
global warming.
The impact of global warming causes extreme climate change that causes disruption of
ecosystems on the face of the earth and the melting of icebergs in the polar regions so that it
can cause rising sea levels. GHG, which has increased very rapidly in the atmosphere, one of
which is CO2 gas. The concentration of CO2 gas in the atmosphere has a very large
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Study of Young Plant Species for Greenspace in Central Kalimantan
contribution to global warming, which is around 55% compared to other GHGs (Samiaji,
2009). CO2 gas is one of the GHGs that contributes the most in increasing radiative factors,
which is 83% radiative causes in 1994, while CH4 gas is only 15%.
3. GREENSPACE MINUTES
The city's greenspace is a response to the needs of a greenspace in an urban area, which includes
the needs of the ecological, social and economic aspects of the region. City greenspace from
the ecological aspect is part of the overall ecological system of urban areas, while from the
social and economic aspects are part of the spatial structure where people move. The
arrangement of the city's greenspace overcomes the ecological effects of various human
activities. Greenspace as an infiltration area, greenspace as reducing pollution, and greenspace
as reducing air temperature (Rahmy et al. 2012). Hastuti and Sulistyarso (2012), the
establishment of Greenspace in Urban areas improves the quality of urban environments that
are comfortable, fresh, beautiful and clean.
3.1. Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus)
According to Zendrato (2018), Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) the name of the area:
Angsana (Indonesia); Asan, Athan, Hasona, Sena, Lansano, Sana (Sumatra); Angsana, Asana,
Sana, Sana Kapur, Sono Kembang (Central Java, West Java, Nusa Tenggara); Sana Kembang
(Madura); Sana, Ai Kenawa, Angsanan, Angsane, Kayu Merah, Matani, Aina (Nusa
Tenggara); Naakir, Acha, Patena, Candana (Sulawesi); Nara, Lala, Lalau, Ligna, Lingguo
(Maluku). According to Lestari and Satria (2017), Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) spread in
almost all parts of Indonesia, including eastern Indonesia such as Papua and Sulawesi.
All types of Pterocarpus produce high value wood. The wood is rather hard, used for fine
furniture, floors, cabinets and musical instruments (Joker, 2002). The propagation of Angsana
plants can be carried out vegetatively, namely transplantation and stem cuttings. Perbanykaan
can also be done with old seeds (generative) (Suryowinoto, 1997).
3.2. Bottle Palm (Mascarena lagenicaulis)
Anon. (2018a) classifies botanical bottle palm plants as Division: Spermatophyta; Subdivision:
Angiosperms; Class: Monocotyledonae; Family: Aracaceae (Palmaceae); Genus: Mascarena
Species: Mascarena lagenicaulis or Hyophorbe lagenicaulis (palm bottle). The lower stem is
bulging and the upper stem narrows so that it resembles the shape of a bottle. Growth is slow,
the canopy is narrow so it does not require a large area. Palm plants are tropical and subtropical
plants so that during their growth full sun radiation is needed. Germination and breeding should
not be exposed to direct sunlight. The air temperature needed is 25-33oC, and still grows well
outside the temperature range of the tropical air. This plant can grow from low land to high
land.
3.3. Ashoka (Ixora acuminata Roxb)
Ashoka or soka (Ixora acuminata Roxb) based on the classification of plants is kingdom:
plantae; division: tracheophyta; sub division: spermatophytina; class: magnoliopsida; super
order: asteranae; order: gentianales; family: rubiaceae; genus: ixora; species: ixora acuminata
Roxb. The soka plant has a root system, the taproot and the color is brown. The stems of the
asoka plant are dark and sometimes there are spots on the stem, branches, and twigs (Anon.,
2018b). Indonesian people use soka plants often used as ornamental plants. Lovers of
ornamental plants often place them in parks as outdoor plants because indeed the essence of
soka lives in an open place, although it can also function as an indoor plant (Anon., 2018c).
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Yetrie Ludang
3.4. Red Shoots (Syzygium oleana)
Red shoots (Syzygium oleana) based on classification of kingdom: plantae; division:
tracheophyta; sub division: spermatophytina; class: magnoliopsida; super order: Rosanae;
order: Myrtales; family: Myrtaceae; genus: Syzygium; species: Syzygium oleana. Red shoots
are known as ornamental plants with young leaves or red shoots, while old leaves are green.
Plants are often planted on the road, yard or yard. Red shoots can be reproduced in vegetative
and generative ways (Anonymous, 2018).
According to Illah and Nofianti (2017), ornamental plants themselves currently have a good
development in the economy because of the many requests for landscape plants to decorate the
park on housing projects, offices, apartments, and others. One of the most popular ornamental
plant commodities for landscape is the red shoot ornamental plant (Syzygium oleana).
4. CONCLUSION
Although trees or plants that have leaf green matter naturally absorb CO2 from the atmosphere
in producing food and oxygen through photosynthesis, but not the same in terms of their ability
to absorb CO2, so studies of the ability of plant species to absorb CO2 are needed.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to thank Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, Direktorat
Jenderal Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan, Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan
Tinggi for financial support to the research in accordance with the Fiscal Year 2019 Research
Contract.
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