International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 10, Issue 04, April 2019, pp. 566-571. Article ID: IJCIET_10_04_058
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=04
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COVENTIONAL
AND NITRILE BUTADIENE RUBBER
MODIFIED BITUMINIOUS MIX
Shekhar Bhau and Avani chopra
M.E Student, Chandigarh University, Gharuan
Assistant Professor, Chandigarh University, Gharuan
ABSTRACT
High vehicular traffic and various climatic conditions brings damage to bituminous
pavements design with conventional bituminous materials. To tackle the adverse
deterioration of pavement, best coherent method is alteration of bitumen by including
various polymers to enhance its properties to withstand or overcome various climatic
situations and resistance against vehicular traffic . various waste polymers from
different sources comes with different set of modification properties. Modification with
using polymer waste also have an positive effect in maintaining environmental balance.
Various bitumen and bituminous mix test determines properties of modified bitumen
which enables us to know more about bitumen deportment under various thermal and
mechanical state. Here Nitrile butadiene rubber (waste of sole of shoes) in powdered
from is being used to modify bitumen and compared to properties of bitumen of viscosity
grade 40, also test on bituminous mix with conventional and modified form were
conducted. Results show that NBR waste influences bitumen properties with decrease
in penetration and increase in softening point as compared to conventional bitumen
used as VG40. Also mechanical resistance of NBR was better than conventional
bitumen with better Marshall stability and flow value .
Keywords: nitrile butadiene rubber.
Cite this Article: Shekhar Bhau and Avani chopra, Comparative Analysis of
Coventional and Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Modified Bituminious Mix, International
Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(4), 2019, pp. 566-571.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=04
1. INTRODUCTION
Urbanization brings high and heavier vehicular traffic which when join with adverse climatic
situations results in rapid deterioration of pavements. Various ideas with improvement of
materials properties used for construction of pavements bring certain outstanding innovations
million tons of polymer waste have been produced in world every year. however only certain
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Shekhar Bhau and Avani chopra
percentage is being recycle for reuse or other purposes . Most of this waste is land filled which
may lead to environmental contamination . The use of non disposable polymer waste in road
production can bestow to environmental wellness on the other hand it can contribute to
pavement performance and life . The motive of this study is to know the consequence of NBR
on bitumen and asphalt mix performances. The reform mix and bitumen are supervised and are
compared to conventional one.
1.1. Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)
A synthetic rubber copolymer of acrylonitrile and butadiene used in production of protective
gloves , shoe sole , self-sealing fuel tanks , grommets , seal protection etc . Its resilient behavior
makes NBR handy material for disposable lab , cleaning and examination gloves .
Figure 1 nitrile butadiene rubber in powder form
2. MATERIAL
2.1. Bitumen
Bitumen: VG-40 grade bitumen is used supplied by Delhi Bitumen sales agency Chandigarh.
The main belongings of bituminous material are shown in table 2.
Table 2 physical belongings of plain bitumen VG-40
TEST
OUTCOMES
Penetration (0.1mm)
38
Softening point (° C )
Specific gravity
Ductility (mm)
52
1.029
≥ 1000
STANDARD
ASTM D5
SECIFICATION
ASTM D36
ASTM D70
ASTM D113
50-58
1.0-1.1
≥600
35-50
2.2. Aggregates
Aggregates and filler material gradation was selected as per IRC 90:2010 and MORTH
specification for road and bridge work for bituminous concrete, aggregate gradation adopted
for mix design is shown in table 1.
Tables 1 aggregate gradation adopted for mix design
Sieve size in mm
% passing
Mid value
% cumulative
% retained
26.5
19
13.2
9.5
4.75
100
90-100
59-79
52-72
35-55
100
95
69
62
45
0
5
31
38
55
0
5
26
7
17
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567
Sample weight
in gram
0
60
312
84
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Comparative Analysis of Coventional and Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Modified Bituminious Mix
Sieve size in mm
% passing
Mid value
% cumulative
% retained
2.36
1.18
0.6
0.3
0.15
0.075
fillers
28-44
20-34
15-27
10-20
5-13
2-8
36
27
21
15
9
5
64
73
79
85
91
95
100
9
9
6
6
6
4
5
Sample weight
in gram
108
108
72
72
72
48
60
2.3. Nitrile butadiene rubber
Waste industrial polymer NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber) is used supplied by ARIHANT EXIM
corporation Delhi. The waste polymer NBR used was yellow in color and used in fine powdered
form with particle size less then 0.00075mm.
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Bitumen VG-40 viscosity grade bitumen is used in this study, fine aggregates, coarse
aggregates is used varying proportion to satisfy MORTH specification. NBR was grounded
and powdered and mixed with the bitumen. The binder was prepared with manual mixing
continuously unitil uniform blend was made. The concentration of NBR was varied by
5%,6%,7%&8% by weight of asphalt. Marshall stability and flow test were performed to assess
its feasibility.
4. RESULT AND ANALYSES
4.1. Bitumen Conventional tests
Systematize test were performed, to obtain the result of waste NBR on belonging of bituminous
binders. Softening point and penetration test were conducted and the findings are described in
table 3. That show a little variation in penetration data with increase in waste NBR content.
Resulting in increase in viscoelasticity of modified Bitumen.
Table 3 physical belongings of NBR modified bitumen
PROPERTIES
Penetration (25° C , 0.1mm)
Softening point (° C)
5%
32.3
56
6%
34
57.5
7%
35.2
59.5
8%
36
61.5
Figure 2 performing softening point test on modified Bitumen .
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Shekhar Bhau and Avani chopra
Graph 1 Penetration of modified bitumen
Graph 2 Softening point of modified bitumen
4.2. Marshall test
Mechanical characteristics of the hot asphalt mixture is obtained through Marshall test prospect
to ASTM D1559 . Experiments were performed both on mixture contain waste NBR and
mixture compose with bitumen . Results were prepared from an average of three specimen .
The Marshall flow values with modified NBR helps to lower flow value but the value do not
much change with increasing the quantity of NBR . The Marshall stability values shows high
values for the reformed mixture than for reference mixture . The Marshall stability value apt
to increase with addition of NBR till 6 % and then falls . With optimal at 6% ( high stiffness
and its likely more resistant to permanent deformation ).
Table 4 Marshall properties of modified mix
PROPERTIES
FLOW VALUE (in
mm)
STABILITY (KN)
5%
6%
7%
8%
2.85
2.43
2.69
1.89
16.49
21.77
20.77
15.96
Figure 3 compaction of Marshall sample and sample testing
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Comparative Analysis of Coventional and Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Modified Bituminious Mix
Table 5 VA , VMA , VFB of modified mix
NBR%
5
6
7
8
VA%
8.303
8.464
9.391
11.64
VMA%
19.05
19.19
20.01
22.00
VFB%
56.43
55.91
53.52
47.09
Graph 3 Marshall Stability value of modified bitumen
Graph 4 Marshall flow value of modified bitumen
Graph 5 VMA, VFA & VFB of modified
5. COMPARISON
1. Usage lifespan of NBR modified road is greater then conventional one .
2. Maintenance of conventional one is more as compared to modified one with NBR .
3. More durable modified pavement as compared to conventional one .
6. CONCLUSION
1. Minimum disposal of NBR waste by using in various prospects .
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Shekhar Bhau and Avani chopra
2. More flexible and durable pavements then conventional pavement .
3. Low penetration indicates better resistance to deformation with modification.
4. Optimum NBR content being 6 % gives best results with optimum bitumen content of
5%
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