International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 10, Issue 04, April 2019, pp. 419-427, Article ID: IJCIET_10_04_045
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=04
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FURAN RESIN
MODIFIED ASPHALT MIX AND
CONVENTIONAL ASPHALT MIX
Mukesh Sharma
Student of M.E, Transportation Engineering, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India
Er. Avani Chopra
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India
ABSTRACT
Bitumen used in hot mix plant must possess specific characteristic. There are
numerous method to reach these properties. These properties can be achieved by using
some specific method. Use of polymer modifiers is one of them. In this paper effect of
furan resin which is a polymer used as a bitumen modifier is studied. Modified asphalt
mixture were prepared by furan resin in asphalt. Furan resin is derived from furfural
and it possess thermosetting properties and exhibit great physical strength. Previous
studies shows that addition of furan resin as a bitumen modifier increases the
consistency, ageing resistance, moisture susceptibility and temperature. In the present
study furan resin was added to base bitumen in different proportions with an increment
of 0.5% and percentage of best performance was adopted. The results shows that
addition of furan resin in bitumen increases the stability and performance of pavement.
Keywords: Furan Resin, Asphalt mixture, Asphalt Modifier, Polymer
Cite this Article: Mukesh Sharma and Er. Avani Chopra, Comparative Analysis of
Furan Resin Modified Asphalt Mix and Conventional Asphalt Mix. International
Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(04), 2019, pp. 419-427
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=04
1. INTRODUCTION
Bituminous concrete used in the wearing course of the flexible pavement is mainly composed
from bitumen which is a binder and aggregates and it is the most common material used in
pavement because it provides better service in terms of stability, comfort, water resistance and
durability. The distresses that are commonly encountered in flexible pavement are fatigue,
rutting, and cracking due to increase in traffic loads, traffic volume environmental conditions
and design and construction errors decreases the service performance and life of pavements.
So there is a need to overcome these distresses and improving the properties of the conventional
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Mukesh Sharma and Er. Avani Chopra
bituminous mixture. There are many ways or methods to modify/improve the properties of the
conventional bituminous mixture. One of them is to use additive or doing modification of the
conventional mixture. In the present study furan resin which is a polymer derived from the
furfural compound was used to modify the base bitumen. Furan resin possess excellent
thermosetting properties and better physical strength also. The effect of furan resin on the
bituminous concrete was studied and their results are compared with the normal or
conventional bituminous mixture. The percentage of furan resin added in the mixture varies
from 4% to 6% with an increment of 0.5% along with fixed proportion of catalyser. Various
tests were conducted on the base bitumen and the modified bitumen and their results were
compared.
2. MATERIALS AND SAMPLE PREPARATION
2.1. Bitumen
Bitumen grade 30/40 was used throughout the study and was obtained from the Delhi bitumen
agency Chandigarh. For the characterization of bitumen various tests were conducted on the
base bitumen i.e. softening point, ductility, penetration test etc.
2.2. Aggregates
Aggregates used in the study were supplied by local contractor and gradation of aggregates
used in the study was selected according to IRC 90:2010 & MORTH specification. Various
tests were conducted on the aggregates such as impact test, crushing test, los angeles abrasion
test, specific gravity and water absorption test as per standard procedure.
2.3. Modifier or Furan resin
Furan resin is a polymer derived from furfural and possess thermosetting properties. Furan
resin was supplied by the Jaco Erectors Private Limited, Navi Mumbai.
Figure. 1. Furan resin with catalyser
2.4. Preparation of modified asphalt
Bitumen was heated to its pouring consistency and 4% to 6% ratio furan resin was used at an
increment of 0.5% along with 30% catalyser. The concentration of catalyser was fixed at 30%
of furan resin as recommended by the manufacturer.
3. TEST METHODS
3.2. Marshal stability and flow tests
Marshall Specimen were prepared and tested for stability and flow value at different binder
content as per ASTM D1559. Pre heated aggregates were mixed with modified asphalt.
Compaction of specimen were carried out by giving 75 blows of Marshall hammer on each
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Comparative Analysis of Furan Resin Modified Asphalt Mix and Conventional Asphalt Mix
side of specimen of diameter 101.6 mm and thickness of 63.5 mm . After compaction the
specimen were allowed to cool for 24 hours and placed in a water bath at 60 degree Celsius for
30 minutes and then placed in marshal machine for testing. The load was applied at a constant
rate of 50.8 mm/min and stability and flow values were recorded at the failure point. Three
specimen were prepared at each percentage and their average values were recorded. The results
obtained were recorded and compared with the conventional bituminous mixture.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Marshall stability and flow test
Conventional and modified samples were prepared by using 4 to 6% binder content of the total
weight of aggregates in order to calculate OBC. The various parameters of Marshall Mix design
were calculated and their results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Marshall Stability, flow value and volumetric parameters of modified mix design.
S.NO.
Optimum
bitumen
content
(%)
Percentage of
bitumen
replaced by
furan resin
(%)
Stability
(KN)
Flow
(mm)
VA
(%)
VMA
(%)
VFB
(%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
0
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
22.8
19.8
20.7
24.3
25.6
22.7
2.72
3.20
2.73
2.74
2.67
1.83
5.69
5.66
5.37
4.66
4.95
5.07
17.45
16.23
15.97
15.31
15.53
15.64
67.39
65.13
66.39
69.56
68.13
67.56
Table 2.Comparison of mix design results of modified and conventional asphalt mix at OBC.
S.NO.
1
2
Optimum
bitumen
content
(%)
5
5
Percentage of
bitumen
replaced by
furan resin (%)
0
5.5
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Stability
(KN)
Flow
(mm)
VA
(%)
VMA
(%)
VFB
(%)
22.8
25.6
2.72
2.67
5.69
4.95
17.45
15.53
67.39
68.13
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Mukesh Sharma and Er. Avani Chopra
30
STABILITY (KN)
25
20
15
STABILITY
10
5
0
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
FURAN RESIN %
Figure.3 Effect of furan resin on stability
3.5
FLOW (mm)
3
2.5
2
FLOW
1.5
1
0.5
0
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
FURAN RESIN %
Figure 4. Effect of furan resin on flow
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Comparative Analysis of Furan Resin Modified Asphalt Mix and Conventional Asphalt Mix
6
AIR VOIDS (%)
5
4
3
VA
2
1
0
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
FURAN RESIN %
Figure 5. Effect of furan resin on air voids
16.4
16.2
VMA (%)
16
15.8
15.6
VMA
15.4
15.2
15
14.8
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
FURAN RESIN (%)
Figure 6. Effect of furan resin on VMA
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Mukesh Sharma and Er. Avani Chopra
70
69
VFB (%)
68
67
66
VFB
65
64
63
62
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
FURAN RESIN (%)
Figure 6. Effect of furan resin on VFB
4.2. Softening point test results
Softening point of bitumen increases continuously with increase in the concentration of furan
resin. The values of softening point of bitumen at various percentage of furan resin are shown
in Table 3.
Table 3. Effect of furan resin on softening point
S.NO.
Optimum bitumen Bitumen replaced
Softening point
content (%)
by furan resin (%)
1
5
0
52
2
5
4
54
3
5
4.5
56
4
5
5
57.5
5
5
5.5
57.5
6
5
6
58
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Comparative Analysis of Furan Resin Modified Asphalt Mix and Conventional Asphalt Mix
59
SOFTENING POINT
58
57
56
SOFTENING
POINT
55
54
53
52
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
FURAN RESIN (%)
Figure 7. Effect of furan resin on softening point
4.3. Penetration test
The penetration value of bitumen decreases significantly with increase in the percentage of
furan resin. The penetration values of bitumen at different concentration on furan resin are
shown in Table 4.
Table 4. Show results of penetration test.
Bitumen replaced Penetration value
by furan resin (%)
(mm)
S.NO.
Bitumen (%)
1
5
0
44
2
5
4
43
3
5
4.5
40
4
5
5
38
5
5
5.5
36
6
5
6
35
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50
PENETRATION VALUE (mm)
45
40
35
30
PENETRATION
VALUE
25
20
15
10
5
0
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
FURAN RESIN (%)
Figure 8. Effect of furan resin of penetration value
5. COMPARISON
The experimental results shows that
1. Furan resin modified bituminous pavement offers more resistance to distresses as
compared to conventional bituminous pavement.
2. The furan resin modified bituminous pavements are less susceptible to temperature
as compared to conventional bituminous road.
3. The durability of furan resin modified pavement is more as compared to
conventional pavement.
6. CONCLUSIONS
The experimental results of this paper reveals that
1. The marshal stability value of bitumen increases with increase in the concentration
of furan resin in bituminous mix and the maximum value of stability is obtained at
5.5%.
2. Softening point of bitumen increases significantly with increase in furan content,
therefore furan resin modification reduces the temperature susceptibility.
3. The penetration value of bitumen decreases with increase in furan content
4. The durability and resistance to deformation of pavement increases by FR
modification.
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