International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 10, Issue 04, April 2019, pp. 351-358, Article ID: IJCIET_10_04_037
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=04
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
© IAEME Publication
Scopus Indexed
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL AND
STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER MODIFIED
BITUMINOUS MIX
Sumit Singh and Avani Chopra
M.E Student Chandigarh University Gharuan Assistant Professor Chandigarh University
Gharuan
ABSTRACT
This study is carried out in order to evaluate the effects of addition of various
percentages of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) on the properties of bitumen binder. SBR
was added in the mix at 2.5%,3.5%,4.5%,5.5% and 6% by weight of bitumen were blended
with VG 40 grade of bitumen. The conventional and SBR modified mix were subjected to
various tests like Marshall Stability and flow, penetration test, softening point test. The
tests depicted that the modified bituminous mix is superior to the conventional mix. The
addition of SBR increased the stability of the bituminous mix and is environmental affable.
KEY WORDS: SBR, Stability.
Cite this Article: Sumit Singh and Avani Chopra, Comparative Study of Conventional
and Styrene Butadiene Rubber Modified Bituminous Mix, International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 10(04), 2019, pp. 351-358
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=04
1. INTRODUCTION
Under the impact of extreme climatic conditions and overwhelming vehicles activity,untimely
and irreversible harms happen on the conventional bituminous materials.To manage this
circumstance, a standout amongst the most productive way is to include polymer in it. Additionally
use of waste polymers to alter bitumen is a promising arrangement in perspective of securing
condition. In the study we have replaced bitumen with styrene butadiene rubber by varying the
percentage of SBR. The addition of SBR helps in improving the engineering properties and life of
bituminous roads. SBR as a elastomer helps in providing higher stability, cohesive strength,
softening point. The modification of bitumen helps in the resistance to deformation and increase
strength of the pavement during construction of roads. This modification is done by blending
bitumen and Styrene butadiene rubber and after that test are performed to check the variations in the
properties of conventional and modified bituminous materials.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp
351
editor@iaeme.com
Sumit Singh and Avani Chopra
1.1. Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)
Styrene butadiene rubber is a type of synthetic rubber which is derived from styrene and butadiene.
These materials posses good abrasion resistance and better aging stability.The SBR used in
powdered form is blackish in colour and shown in the fig. 1.
Figure. 1. SBR
2. MATERIAL
2.1. Bitumen
VG 40 grade of bitumen was used in the preparation of samples.
2.2. Fine Aggregates
Fine aggregates used were clean, hard, durable and without dust or deleterious materials.
2.3. Waste SBR
Waste SBR was used in the powdered form in the study.
2.4. Filler
The fillers were used according to MORTH specifications.
2.5. Coarse Aggregates
In this study coarse aggregates were used as per MORTH specifications.
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this study different tests were performed on aggregates, bitumen and bituminous mix. The tests
on modified bituminous mix are shown in table 1 and for bitumen are shown in table 3 &4. In this
investigation we used SBR in powdered form which was mixed with bitumen and after that
aggregates were added. The samples were prepared by varying percentage of SBR in the mix.
After preparation of sample it was left for 24 hours and after that it was put in the water bath for
40 minutes. After that Marshall Stability test was performed on the SBR modified mix sample
to study the different properties.
4. RESULTS AND ANALYSES
In this section the different tests like Marshall Stability, penetration test and softening point test
were carried on different percentages of the mix.
4.1. Marshall Stability Test
Marshall stability test is done to determine the stability of bituminous mix as per MORTH
specifications and optimum bitumen content for the pavement. The marshall stability test is empirical
test where no changes can be accepted regarding the standard procedure such as reheating of mix for
preparing the specimens, performing test on field compacted value etc. The marshall test uses 4-inch
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp
352
editor@iaeme.com
Comparative Study of Conventional and Styrene Butadiene Rubber Modified Bituminous Mix
and 6-inch diameter of the specimen for preparation of the sample. The specimens are prepared
using the standard procedure of proportioning of materials, heating, mixing and compacting the
bituminous mix.
4.1.1. Preparation of Marshall samples
A 1200gm of sample is prepared for bituminous mix consisting of aggregates, fillers and heated
at a temperature of 175-190C. The heated aggregate, bitumen and SBR are thoroughly mixed
as per adopted gradation. At least three samples are prepared for each percentage of SBR used.
4.1.2. Marshall Stability Test result and discussion
This test is performed in accordance to MORTH specifications. In this test the load value is
calculated at which the deformation of the sample takes place. The following are the test results of
marshall stability as shown below.
Table 1.Marshall stability, flow, VA, VMA and VFB values for SBR modified BC mix at Optimum Bitumen
Content 5%.
Percentage of
bitumen
Optimum
replaced by
Mould no.
bitumen
SBR
content (%)
(%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
0
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
Stability
(kN)
Flow (mm)
VA (%)
VMA (%)
VFB (%)
22.8
18.2
21.6
24.4
20.6
17.5
2.10
2.66
2.54
2.48
2.47
2.51
5.69
8.33
7.34
7.72
7.63
7.92
17.45
19.58
19.23
16.1
15.7
14.9
67.39
57.45
55.8
52.0
48.69
49.06
Table 2.Comparison of Marshall Result of conventional and SBR modified bituminous mix at optimum
bitumen content.
S No.
1
2
Percentage of
bitumen
Optimum
replaced by
bitumen
SBR
content (%)
(%)
5
5
0
4.5
Stability
(kN)
Flow (mm)
VA (%)
VMA (%)
VFB (%)
22.8
24.4
2.1O
2.48
5.69
7.72
17.45
16.1
67.39
52.0
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp
353
editor@iaeme.com
Sumit Singh and Avani Chopra
Figure. 2 Effect of SBR on Stability.
Figure. 3 Effect of SBR on Flow
Figure.4 Effect of SBR on Air voids
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp
354
editor@iaeme.com
Comparative Study of Conventional and Styrene Butadiene Rubber Modified Bituminous Mix
Figure.5 Effect of SBR on VMA
Figure.6 Effect of SBR on VFB
4.2. Softening Point Test
The test determines the temperature at which bitumen attains a particular degree of softness.
Lower softening point is considered where there is a cold climate and high softening point is
preferred in hot climate. In modified mix the softening point tends to increase with increase in
SBR content. The values of softening point of modified specimen are as shown in the table below.
Table 3 Observations for softening point test.
S No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Optimum
Bitumen
content (%)
5
5
5
5
5
5
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp
355
Bitumen replaced by
SBR (%)
0
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
Softening point
(C)
54
57
59
61
64
66
editor@iaeme.com
Sumit Singh and Avani Chopra
Figure.7 Effect of SBR on softening point
4.3. Penetration Test
This test determines the hardness or softness of bitumen. The samples with different percentage of
added SBR are prepared and the penetration values are determined. The penetration values of
modified mix are shown below.
Table4 Observations for Penetration test.
S No.
Bitumen (%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
Bitumen replaced by
SBR (%)
0
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
Penetration value
(mm)
52
48
44
42
38
33
Figure.8 Effect of SBR on penetration
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp
356
editor@iaeme.com
Comparative Study of Conventional and Styrene Butadiene Rubber Modified Bituminous Mix
5. COMPARISON
1. The stability value of SBR modified bituminous mix is more as compared to conventional
bituminous mix.
2. The life of the pavement is more in SBR modified bituminous mix as compared to
conventional mix.
3. Marshall properties improves in SBR modified bituminous mix as compared to
conventional mix.
6. CONCLUSION
1. The marshall stability value increases with addition of SBR and is maximum when
4.5% of SBR is used in the mix.
2. Softening point increases with increase in the percentage of SBR which implies
improvement in resistance to deformation.
3. The life and strength of the SBR modified pavements is more than conventional
bituminous mix.
4. Penetration value decreases with increase in SBR content which indicates
improvement in shear resistance at high temperature.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
Abdullahi, A. M., 2007. A study on the physical and mechanical properties of asphaltic
concrete incorporating Crum Rubber produced through dry process.
Hussain et al. *2008 “Modified Hot Mix Asphalt for Road Maintenance”. World Applied
Sciences Journal 5 (2): 236-245, 2008, ISSN 1818-4952. Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute.
“Devi R. Et al. (2013) “Reduction Of Optimum Bitumen Content In Bituminous Mixes Using
Plastic Coated Aggregates”. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, Issue 3, March 2013.
Sousa et al. *1996+ “An Approach for Investigating Reflective Fatigue Cracking in Asphalt
– Aggregate Overlays”. Proceedings of The Third International PILEM Conference on
Reflective Cracking in Pavements, Delft University of Technology and Belgian Road Research
Center, October, pp. 103-112.
R Vasudevan (2007) “Utilization of Waste Polymers for Flexible Pavement and Easy Disposal of
Waste Polymers”, International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, 5 - 7,
Chennai, India pp-105-111, 2007.
Sultana et al. (2012) “Utilization of waste plastic as a strength modifier in surface course of flexible
and rigid pavements”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, vol.
2, Issue 4, pp. 1185-1191.
Aditya Bhardwaj “Application of waste plastic in Modified Bitumen for Road
Construction” International Journal of Engineering Research Volume 7,April 2017 Issn: 22489622.
Gayle, E. A., William, F. B. and Alfred, B.C., 1999. Polymer Modified hot mix asphalt field trial.
Mississippi department of Transportaion Research division.
Fayadh, S.S, 1987. Hydrated lime and rubber as additives in asphalt paving. M.sc thesis, university
of Baghdad.
Sousa, J. B., Shatnawi, and Cox. J., 1996. An approach for Investigating Reflective Fatigue
cracking in asphalt-Aggregate Overlays. Proceedings of third International PILEM Conference
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp
357
editor@iaeme.com
Sumit Singh and Avani Chopra
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
on reflective cracking in pavements, Delft University of Tecjnology and Belgian Road Research
Center, October, pp. 103-112.
Sasane Neha.B Application of plastic waste as an effective construction material in flexible
pavement International Research Journal Of Engineering and Technology Volume:2
Issue:03,June 2015.
Dorina, A. A 2009. The effect of Epoxy Bitumen Modification on Hot Mix Asphalt
Properties and Rut Resistance.
Chuang-Tsair Shih, Mang Tia & Byron E. Ruth. Evaluation of the Effects of Crum rubber abd SBR
on rutting resistance of asphalt concrete.Department of civil engineering, University of
florida.
Ministry of Road Transport &Highways (MORTH) Fifth revision.
Animesh Das and Partha Chakroborty book on “Principles of Transportation Engineering”.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp
358
editor@iaeme.com