International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 10, Issue 04, April 2019, pp. 42–50, Article ID: IJCIET_10_04_005
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=4
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
© IAEME Publication
Scopus Indexed
INFLUENCE OF LECTURERS PERCEPTION IN
PRACTICING OF WORK MOTIVATION IN
SMART CAMPUS UNIVERSITY
Zaizul Ab Rahman*, Jaffary Awang, Ahmad Sunawari Long,
Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor
Centre for Aqidah and Global Peace, Faculty of Islamic Studies
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Abu Yazid Abu Bakar, Salleh Amat
Centre for Educarional Diversity, Faculty of Education
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim
Centre for Contemporary Fiqh and Syariah Compliance, Faculty of Islamic Studies
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
*Corresponding Author
ABSTRACT
This study aims to look at the lecturers’ perception of the dimension of the study
centers chairperson's leadership style. Therefore, this study seeks to identify two
dimensions of chairperson’s leadership style, namely task-oriented (leader focuses on
the tasks) and relationship-oriented (leader focuses on human relations) leader which
promote motivation to lecturers. The researcher conducted a survey in three study
centers at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) which involved 75 lecturers as
respondents. The questionnaire comprises two dimensions of chairperson’s leadership
styles and lecturers’ motivation level. Data from this study were analyzed using SPSS
version 23.0 to obtain descriptive analysis and statistical inference (Pearson
correlation coefficient). Descriptive analysis allows the researcher to identify the
chairperson's leadership style either the dimension of task-oriented or relationship
oriented being practiced. Meanwhile, statistical inference (Pearson correlation
coefficient) is used to determine the relationship of chairperson's leadership style with
lecturers’ motivation level. The result shows that dimension of task-oriented were
more often being used by the chairperson in three study centers at UKM. The study
found that there was a significant relationship between leadership styles with
lecturers’ motivation level. There was no significant relationship between dimension
of task-oriented with lecturers’ motivation level. On the other hand, significant
relationship was identified between dimension of relationship-oriented and religiosity
with lecturers’ motivation level.
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Influence of Lecturers Perception in Practicing of Work Motivation in Smart Campus University
Key words: Leadership style, religiosity, motivation, dimension of task-oriented,
dimension of relationship-oriented, Psychology of Religion.
Cite this Article: Zaizul Ab Rahman, Jaffary Awang, Ahmad Sunawari Long, Ahmad
Yunus Mohd Noor, Influence of Lecturers Perception in Practicing of Work
Motivation in Smart Campus University, International Journal of Civil Engineering
and Technology 10(4), 2019, pp. 42–50.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=4
1. INTRODUCTION
This has witnessed UKM undergoing on swift direction towards achieving its target as a
leading university not only in Malaysia, but also on global arena. This can be verified over
UKM achievement as World’s Top 184 University in 2018 in the new released QS World
University ranking (Zaizul et al 2018; Mutsalim et al 2018; Norasibah et al 2018). An
increase of 46 stages puts UKM into category one (1) of top universities in the world. Hence,
it can be proven that the relationship of job satisfaction and staffs’ motivation plays a part in
the excellence of an organization. Employees attain satisfaction when their needs are being
fulfilled and employers get satisfaction when their employees able to achieve high level of
productivity. The success of an organization depends mostly on how its leaders are able to
practice a credible leadership approach (Razali et al 2017, Siti Nurul et al 2018). Strong
leadership covers a wide range of knowledge in terms of administration management. These
include office management, curriculum management, staff development, and motivation for
lecturers, students and office staff, and also relationships with other study centers to boost the
performance of the study center. It reinforces a strong leadership can be a foundation for
determining the success and excellence of the next generation. In the context of a study
center chairperson at UKM, each chairperson ought to have the ability to integrate changes
and possess certain leadership traits to motivate their staffs towards the changes.
Acknowledging the challenges faced by each study center chairperson, the intention of this
research to find out the leadership style which can influence their workplace. Research by
Hersey and Blanchard (1977) revealed that the situation of a place and its challenges affects
leadership style and priorities set by the leader. The chairperson's leadership style is crucial in
determining the success of a study center. A chairperson who leads with right style can
stimulate the cooperation from staffs to perform their duties efficiently. The researcher also
identifies the degree of influence of leadership style which later enable determination of
lecturers’ motivation level in several study centers in UKM.
Table 1 Mean Distribution Value, Standard Deviation and Interpretation Score for each Task-Oriented
Leadership Style items
Statements
He is in accordance with the instructions and regulations of
the Ministry of Higher Education, Deputy Vice-Chancellor
of Academic Affairs and the Dean of the Faculty.
He emphasizes that all lecturers must obey the rules and
working procedures that have been set.
He strongly emphasizes all work shall be completed at the
given time.
He ensures all lecturers are in accordance with the
instructions laid.
He determines that all lecturers carry out their duties
completely.
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43
Mean
SD
4.26
0.73
Interpretation
Score
Often practiced
4.13
0.66
Often practiced
4.01
0.69
Often practiced
3.98
0.70
Often practiced
3.88
0.68
Often practiced
editor@iaeme.com
Zaizul Ab Rahman, Jaffary Awang, Ahmad Sunawari Long, Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor
He determines the work that must be done by lecturers.
3.76
0.66
Often practiced
He explains what is expected from the lecturers.
3.75
0.69
Often practiced
He ensures that all lecturers’ duties are well-coordinated.
3.63
0.73
He criticizes poor performance.
3.59
0.83
He determines the work schedule to be done by the lecturers.
3.51
0.86
He maintains a fixed level of achievement.
3.41
0.82
He monitors the tasks given to lecturers.
3.31
0.66
He often spent his time when needed to attend complaints.
3.08
0.98
He tends to get an approval from the lecturers before ensuing
with certain things or important projects at the university.
He is approachable and friendly with lecturers.
3.06
0.79
3.06
1.04
He gets along with lecturers.
3.02
1.02
He cares about the welfare of every lecturer.
2.92
0.90
He does little things to be fond by the lecturers.
2.68
0.86
He offers personal assistance.
2.28
0.91
He thinks all lecturers are religiosity and equivalent to him.
2.44
1.00
Occasionally
practiced
Occasionally
practiced
Occasionally
practiced
Occasionally
practiced
Occasionally
practiced
Occasionally
practiced
Occasionally
practiced
Occasionally
practiced
Occasionally
practiced
Occasionally
practiced
Occasionally
practiced
Occasionally
practiced
Occasionally
practiced
2. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Table 1.0 shows the relationship between the chairperson's leadership style and lecturers’
motivation level. The correlation analysis (Correlation Pearson Product Moment) shows that
M = 3.40, SP = 0.47 (leadership style) and M = 6.46, SP = 0.62 (motivational level) with r =
0.30, r2 = 0.09 and Sig = 0.003 < 0.01. This shows a significant relationship (significant level
of 0.01) between the dimensions of the chairperson leadership style with lecturers’ motivation
level. The findings shows two chairperson from the study centers practiced dimensions of
task-oriented and relationship-oriented. Nevertheless, it is found that the chairpersons
relatively often practice dimension of task-oriented compared to relationship-oriented. In this
regard, Rosidah (2001) stated that leaders who practice both dimensions of leadership style
are an effective leader. This is because such leaders can create a harmonious, friendly
organization among its organization members (Rosidah 2001; Hersey et al 1997; Halpin,
A.W. 2001; Mohd Noor, A. Y. et al 2017). Such leaders will eventually establish a positive
relationship within their organization by fostering a friendly relationships and effective
communicate with all their staff without discrimination. Everett (1988) and Hussine Hangah
@ Haji Hangah (1997) suggested that leaders should reinforce high quality leadership style in
the dimensions of task-oriented and relationship-oriented to motivate lecturers. Meanwhile
Gan (2001), Collard (2007), Hoy and Miskel (2005) and Abu Yazid et al. (2015) further
added that there is a relationship between the leaders who prioritize the direction of conduct
and subordinate job satisfaction as stated below:
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44
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Influence of Lecturers Perception in Practicing of Work Motivation in Smart Campus University
1)
Actuation behavior in unrealistic situation able to increase subordinates motivation
and job satisfaction to achieve goals.
2)
Behavioral support and participation from the leaders can improve job satisfaction.
While actuation behavioral will create complications and tensions among the subordinates
especially if a leader lacks in an empathy feeling.
3)
As stated by Hoy and Miskel (2005), Kamal Arifin Jaih (2003); Mohd Noor, A. Y. et
al (2012), (2015) and Abu Yazid et al. (2015) above, it is clear that both dimensions of
leadership style either task-oriented or relationship-oriented should be balanced and
complementary.
This study also found out that there was a significant relationship between the dimensions
of relationship-oriented with lecturers’ motivation level. This finding proves that the more
relationship-oriented leadership style being practiced by the chairperson, the higher
motivation and religiosity can be achieved by the lecturers (Mohd Noor, A. Y et al 2011;
Krejcie, R.V. 1970; Kochan, F. K. 2008; Jones, J.C. & Webber, C.F. 2001).
3. CONCLUSIONS
This study has identified the perceptions of lecturers in some of the study centers in UKM on
chairperson leadership style, motivation level towards leadership style and their motivation
level towards task-oriented and relationship-oriented leader. Thus, the findings of this study
verifies that chairperson leadership style is satisfying and more likely towards task-oriented
dimensions, and this leadership style has a significant correlation, but weak with the lecturers’
motivation level. More academic research are required to verify the findings of this study for
a wider population.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study received the support and funding from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
through the research code EP-2018-017 and UKM Premier Challenge Grants DCP-2017006/4. Appreciation is also conveyed to the CRIM (Centre for Research and Instrumentation),
Centre of Aqidah and Global Peace, Faculty of Islamic Studies, UKM, Faculty of Engineering
and Built Environment, Faculty of Education, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Law, Faculty
of Economy and Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, UKM as well as all those who
have made this research a success.
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