International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 10, Issue 04, April 2019, pp. 1–11, Article ID: IJCIET_10_04_001
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=4
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
Zaizul Ab Rahman*, Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor
Centre for Aqidah and Global Peace, Faculty of Islamic Studies
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Abu Yazid Abu Bakar, Salleh Amat
Centre for Educational Diversity, Faculty of Education
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Azmul Fahimi Kamaruzaman
Centre for the Middle East and Nusantara, Faculty of Islamic Studies,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim
Centre for Contemporary Fiqh and Syariah Compliance, Faculty of Islamic Studies
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
*Corresponding Author
ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the relationship between family functioning and selfconcept in the process among the troubled youth in Bangi’s school. The subject of this study consists of 100 students selected two sampling aimed at the reform school in
Bangi. The two inventories used in this study the Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory
(CFSEI) to measure self-concept, and Family Cohesion Adapbility Skill 2 (FACES 2) measure the perception of functional family. The study showed that family functioning has a significant relationship with adolescent self-concept. Specially, the support and involvement of parents in a positive relation with the dimensions of control and parental involvement, and personal appreciation of adolescents were more in relation to support and parental controls. The main implications of this study was revealed that family functioning is an important role in shaping teenagers’ self concept.
Key words: Family Functioning, Self Concept, The Support and Involvement,
Parental Controls, Psychology of Religion. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 1 editor@iaeme.com

Zaizul Ab Rahman, Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor, Abu Yazid Abu Bakar, Salleh Amat,
Azmul Fahimi Kamaruzaman, Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim
Cite this Article: Zaizul Ab Rahman, Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor, Abu Yazid Abu
Bakar, Salleh Amat, Azmul Fahimi Kamaruzaman, Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim,
Factors Leading of Family Functioning and Self Concept in the Adolescents,
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 10(4), 2019, pp. 1–11. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=4
Family functionality and self-concept are the norms and principles in the family that need to be in the development of a happy family. In the psychology discipline, the aspect of selfconcept and family functionality actually plays an important role in the process of assessment and assessment of human behavior and cognition in a more structured and scientifically distinctive way of life as it progresses forward in more and more a review of adolescents at the Bangi area in terms of family functionality and self-concept. Family influences are also very important in shaping the behavior and learning of teenagers before they step on the environment of the community beyond their family's control locus. Family influences include the traditional and modern parents, the style of leadership of the head of the family, the problematic and normal family, the full or lack of affectionate family, the strong or lesser religious service or education, the economic, sex, housing and educational value parenting itself (Abu Yazid & Noriah 2018; Sallehudin et al. 2018; Jaffary Awang et al. 2017; Mutsalim
Khareng et al. 2016; Abu Yazid & Noriah 2014). This shows that family functionality can affect the development and well-being of the individual in terms of emotionally, mentally and physically (Rozumah, Siti Nor, Rojanah & Abdullah al-Hadi, 2013; Shak, 2011; Howard &
Johnson, 2015; Zaizul et al. 2017, 2018). There are some recent studies that examine the reliability of family functionality studies conducted in this study. One of the studies on the study of the functionality of the family is the study by Robinson, Post and Khakee (1992) using test-retest techniques. A total of 151 prisoners were used as subjects in which two prisoners of serious criminal cases were asked to answer questions.
The survey was conducted in two separate situations within two weeks. The results show that the reliability of the re-test within two weeks is 0.83, while the alpha coefficient is 0.85.
The findings of this study show that this test tool provides reliable and reliable information. If we look closely at the functionality of the family functionality there are many testing tools used for various purposes to get accurate and objective information on the results of a study on the level of family functionality. This study actually has a tremendous impact on teenage life. Accurate and effective information is needed to help make decisions that have a high degree of authenticity, confidence and consistency. Fernando I. Rivera, Peter J. Guarnaccia,
Norah Mulvaney-Day, Julia Y.Lin, Maria Torres and Margarita Alegria (2017) conducted a study on 2540 subjects comprising high school students to see the extent of the relationship between the functionality of a teenage family with the individual's self-esteem. The selected subjects are among the students who have both parents and live with them. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between family functionality between parent and individual communications. Family functionality in the life of a teen plays an important role in the development of one's personality. The Hamsan survey, Hanina Halimatusaadiah (2012) conducted on 120 students aged 12 to 18 found that family functionality had significant relationships with the formation of a teenager's personality. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 2 editor@iaeme.com

Factors Leading of Family Functioning and Self Concept in the Adolescents
The dimensions of extreme family functionality control negatively affect the personality of a teenager. The existence of risk factors in the family also has a negative impact on family functionality and the self-concept of family members (Sobolenski & Amato, 2015). Fallon
(2011) and Zaizul (2012) who studies the relationship between family functionality and child development finds that adolescents will experience better adaptation processes when their family members are united, often expressing their feelings and managing their homes properly. Alicia S.M. Leung et al (2011) conducts a survey on 145 Hong Kong university students on the influence of adolescence in adolescent relationships with their parents towards family functionality. The findings show that the closer adolescent relationship with their parents is the higher the functionality of the family. The relationship density factor also affects their family relationship. Hampson, Hulgus and Beavers (1991) use the 'concurent validity' approach to see the validity issues of FACES family 2. In the study, FACES 2 has been correlated with 'Self-Reports Family Inventory (SFI) and found that the correlation coefficient shown is high and significant for SFI with cohesion value (r = .93; k <.01) and adaptability (r = .79,; .01). Based on Zaizul Ab Rahman study (2013) who studied the prisoners of Kajang prison and the findings of the study using the FACES 2 and WART tests showed that the correlation obtained was positive and the relationship was significant (r =
.017, k <.05). Thus there is no significant relationship between WART's addiction to FACES family functionality 2. So it shows that the functionality of the family works for non-addictive work. In the context of local study Azaman (2000) found that the validity of the criterion associated with the method of correlating family function FACES 2 with the self-concept marking as the corresponding criterion variable shows that the correlation coefficient obtained is significant (r = .50; k <.01). This shows that adolescents who perceive their families well will tend to have a high self-concept. Self-esteem refers to individual values or views to oneself whether positive or negative. Positive views lead to high self-esteem, but negative views lead to low self-esteem. Individuals with high self-esteem are confident of their own ability abilities and know their strengths and weaknesses. Rathus (1990) and Rafiza et al
(2018) explains self-esteem as one's evaluation and valuing of oneself. With that in general, self esteem is our evaluation of our self. Global self-esteem is our overall evaluation of our self, how we generally feel about our self (Dusek, 1996). The individual's ability to self-assess will determine whether he is able to position his or her actual capabilities behind the martial law mechanisms. The desire to respect yourself is essential that individuals do not feel inferior and have no confidence in life. In this article the discussion will focus on two dimensions that demonstrate the individual nature, feelings, behaviors and behaviors in the social context of
'extroverts' and 'instroverts'. The individual 'extrovert' is someone who coexists with others,
'impulsive', 'strong' speaking and socializing. While 'instrovert' shows the tendency to be solitary, shy, willing to do the work alone and quietly (Zaizul, 2017; Noriah & Abu Yazid
2014).
Teenagers will feel themselves valued and welcomed by their families if their parents are not too much of their wrongs and behaviors. Conclusion So far, local studies on the relationship between family relations and the development of children's adolescence are still short (Barry
J. Fallon & Terry V.P. Bowles, 2011). This situation led to a lack of local references when compared to foreign references. It is recommended that further study on the effects of family functionality on the formation of adolescent self-esteem. In a further study, the sample of the http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 3 editor@iaeme.com

Zaizul Ab Rahman, Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor, Abu Yazid Abu Bakar, Salleh Amat,
Azmul Fahimi Kamaruzaman, Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim study is intended to cover various aspects that can reflect the true population of the community. In this way, the results of the study can be generalized to wider populations, such as ethnic (Malay, Chinese, Indian), socioeconomic classes (subordinates, middle and upper classes) and residences (urban and rural). In terms of variables to be studied, proposed variables such as family structure, family type, parent's relationship with the child's quality
(Zaizul, 2012) and quality of siblings are also taken into account (Howard, S., & Johnson, B.
2015). In addition, it is proposed that further studies not only take into account parenting behavior in the family setting but also from outside the family, such as peers and schools
(Block, J., & Tarula, E, 2014). Furthermore, other factors in teenage life may also contribute to adolescent self esteem other than family functionality such as social interaction, physical and mental abilities and academic achievement may also be important in influencing the creation of self-esteem in the process of da'wah (Zaizul et al. 2017, 2018). In further studies, the variables mentioned above can also build a more complete model with respect to factors contributing to the development of self-esteem. In terms of means of data collection, data on the functionality of family data are collected from parents and adolescents so that decisions can implicate the differences in the interpretation of the meaning of the external behavior of both parents and adolescents (Zaizul, 2013).
Analysis of Findings and Discussions The findings show a significant relationship between parental support and adolescent self-concept. The first hypothesis assumes there is a significant relationship between parental support and adolescent self-esteem. The results showed that there was a very high parent support (0.97), the correlation between support with adolescent self esteem was significant (0.00) at the level of 0.05. The results of this study show that parents as a significant person in teenage life still play an important role in the development of appreciationa teenager's self. The second hypothesis assumes there is a significant relationship between parental involvement and adolescent self-esteem. The results of the analysis show that there is significant and significant involvement of parents with high second self esteem (0.60). The relationship between parents involvement and adolescent self esteem was significant (0.00) at the level of 0.05. The results of this study show that parents as a significant person in teenage life still play an important role in the development of a teenager's self-esteem. Ineffective relationship between parental control and adolescent selfconcept. The third hypothesis assumes there is a significant relationship between parental control and adolescent self-esteem. While the results of the study show that parental control has no significant relationship with self-esteem. There is a significant parental support difference between adolescents and girls. The fourth hypothesis assumes there is a significant parental support difference between boys and girls. It was found that the male self esteem concept was 17.02, while the female mean was 16.91, there was a significant difference with t-test analysis of 0.035 <0.05. The results of this study found that male adolescents need more support than women in adolescents. Because of the physical growth of male adolescents in this stage, they are more emotional and dependent on parents. Lack of parental support, low self-esteem, low academic achievement, impulsive behavior, poor social adjustment or perhaps anti-social occurrence. (Mohd Noor, A. Y et al 2017; Peterson & Rolkins, 1987).
The fifth hypothesis assumes that there is a significant involvement of parents among adolescents and girls. The results of the analysis have shown that there is no significant difference between male and female adolescents. This is clearly seen with the results of the T-
Test analysis where 0.68> 0.05. The finding of this study shows that there is no significant difference between parents and girls. Henry, Wilson and Peterson (1989) found that all teens need attention and companionship from parents. There is no significant difference in parental http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 4 editor@iaeme.com

Factors Leading of Family Functioning and Self Concept in the Adolescents control between adolescent boys and girls. The sixth hypothesis assumes there are significant differences in parental control. The results of the analysis have shown that there is no significant difference between male and female adolescents. This is clearly seen with the t-test of 0.43> 0.05. There is no significant difference in the self-concept between teenage boys and girls. The results of the analysis have shown that there is no significant difference between male and female teenager self esteem. This is clearly seen with the results of T-test 0.66>
0.05. For this reason, the hypotheses constructed have been rejected. Family Functional
Dimensions. Overall study analysis found that control dimensions were highest or strongest at a mean of 1.930, followed by the mean dimension of average mean score of 1.766, while the support dimension was at least one 1.698. With this decision, it follows that parental controls are paramount among parents. From the results of this study, it is said that parental control can also affect the self-esteem of adolescent children.
Overall it is found that the adolescent's self-evaluation is in line with individual perceptions of parents' responses to them. The dimensions of family functionality with support and involvement are positively associated with the adolescent's self-esteem because these dimensions can give advice to teens about the value inherent in him and his significance in the life of the parents, while the dimensions of control that carry the negative element are found to be directly related negative, this is because control is a parent's attempt to control and direct the behavior and activity of a child who may be preventing their chances of exploring their locus locus factor (Mohd Noor, A. Y et al 2011; Coopersmith, S.C.,1987). Researchers hope to assist certain parties to make a reference to the research that has been reviewed. Hence, it can develop further research on the influence of the family on the creation of self-esteem of teenagers in the future.
This study received the support and funding from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia through the research code EP-2018-017 and UKM Premier Challenge Grants DCP-2017-
006/4. Appreciation is also conveyed to the CRIM (Centre for Research and Instrumentation),
Centre of Aqidah and Global Peace, Faculty of Islamic Studies, UKM, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Faculty of Education, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Economy and Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, UKM as well as all those who have made this research a success.
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