Waves
Frequency/Pitch Chart:
The Timbre of Wind Instruments:
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The effective length of the air column is controlled with holes, valves and slides.
Feedback from the resonances of the pipe select the frequency of oscillation of the jet, reed or lip-valve.
The excitation, transmission and emittance of the sound in the horn determines the timbre of the instrument.
Single and Double Reeds:
○ reed opens and closes like a valve, pressurizes pipes when open, closes due to the Bernoulli effect when
the air flows // Pressure antinode @ reed
Lip valve:
○ lips = lip valve, pressure antinode @ lips
○ displacement antinode/pressure node @ bell
○ cup volume and diameter of back bore = determining frequency spectrum of the mouthpiece
■ the larger the mouthpiece, the lower the sound
○ diameter of the mouth and flare rate of bell determine radiation characteristics
■ the larger the bore diameter, the more intense the low frequency harmonics
■ the more rapid the flare, the more high frequency harmonies are radiated
String Instruments:
Music Theory: