A PROPOSAL FOR MODIFIED BICYCLES AS IN-CAMPUS VEHICLES IN
SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY
A Technical Report
In partial fulfilment for the requirements in Basic Communication- 26- C
Team 2:
Alferez, Vern Jasmine M.
Bailon, Jennica Anne A.
Nodado, Kyle Dirham Anthony B.
Torres, Ma. Coleen V.
Visorro, Alyssa Jean R.
Silliman University
Dumaguete City
2017
Contact number:
09262129623
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Sincere and heart-felt gratitude is hereby extended to the following people who never
ceased in helping until this proposal was structured;
First and for most, God the Father Almighty, for the divine intervention and for being
always with us from the beginning until the end;
To Ms. Jennifer Solitana, for the encouragement and suggestions on how to improve our
proposal;
To Engr. Jose Marlon Cornelio, for giving suggestions that helped us in constructing a
design for the modified bicycle;
To our co-researchers, for putting up all efforts in finishing this proposal.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certificate of Consultation
Acknowledgement
I.
Abstract ……………………………………………………………..…….…….. 1
II.
Introduction ……………………………………………………………….…..…2
A. Statement of the Problem
B. Objectives
C. Solution to the Problem
D. Scope and Delimitation
III. Production Materials and Design…………………………………..…………….5
A. Production Design and Dimensions
B. Production Materials
C. Mechanism
IV. Production Specifications and Methods ….……………………….……………16
A. Welding and Brazing of Structure
B. Painting and Finishing of Frame
C. Installation of Parts
D. Upholstery and Other Specifications
V.
Cost Estimate ……………………………………………………………..……28
A. Cost Details
B. Labor Cost
C. Grand Total
VI. Conclusion …………………………………………………….……………….31
VII. References ………………………………………………………………..……..32
VIII. Appendix …………………………………………………………………..……33
Page 1
I. ABSTRACT
Being one of the biggest campuses in the Philippines—with its campus totaling 62
hectares—studying in Silliman University brings its own set of pros and cons. Every day, around
ten thousand (10,000) students walk the grounds of Silliman University, each having their own
inconveniences. The lack of student transportation has long been an issue for both students and
staff that have been attending Silliman University. With some students walking in their formal
attire, some having physical injuries, and some going across the campus for their next class, it is
integral that this issue be raised. With the temperature in Dumaguete averaging 35 degrees Celsius
in the summer, the average Sillimanian would have to walk to get across, while some students
would have to get a pedicab in order to avoid the stark heat of the sun.
This technical report addresses the need for an environmentally and economically stable
mode of transportation in Silliman University. The proposal of having modified bicycles doesn’t
only limit its services to the members of student body, but to the faculty and staff as well. The
main intention of this proposal is to provide an easier and more convenient alternative to crosscampus transportation.
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II. INTRODUCTION
A. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Transferring from one part of the campus to another is certainly a problem by most students
in Silliman University. In a survey that we conducted on 25 students from diverse courses, 40%
stated that they transfer once a day, but of the 25 students 32% also said that they move from one
campus or building to another multiple times a day. This clearly shows how students are in dire
need of a certain mode of in-campus transportation that could help ease their daily activities in
school so as to make their life easier. So, when asked if they needed an alternative for walking
when transferring from one part of the campus to another, 100% responded with a yes. In our daily
movement as students, lucky for those who have their own modes of transportation, but when we
come to think of those who doesn’t have any, this is where the problem comes in. Most would
prefer to hail on tricycles to move to and from campuses or would rather walk. From the survey
that we did, students indicated the concerns brought about by walking which are time consuming,
tiresome due to the unstable weather condition plus heavy baggage and long distances causing
them to be late to their next class, worst case scenario of which would be them having an exam on
that said class. Those are only one of the many possible cases of this problem of students in the
university, may it be in classes to and from College of Engineering, College of Agriculture, College
of Business Administration, Agriculture, Arts and Sciences and many more. Thus, when these
students were asked if the proposed modified bicycles will be of convenience to them, we received
a 100% feedback. They were also asked for their motives on the use of the bikes in which 25
reacted to “when needed to accommodate more people” followed by the reason of “going to really
far destinations” and “carrying heavy items” in which 23 students reacted.
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Furthermore, those problems concerned by students are our major concerns but, as citizens
of this country we are also concerned of the growing problem in climate change today due to the
ever-increasing number of vehicles which consume high amounts of gas and produce exhaust
which is harmful to the environment. As engineering students, future innovators and part of the
technological workforce, it’s our responsibility to provide ease and satisfaction for a healthy
environment we all deserve even in the littlest of ways.
B. OBJECTIVES
1. To serve as an in-campus vehicle in Silliman University.
2. To serve as a supplement to the existing SIKAD Project of the SUSG.
3. To promote a pro-environment stand by decreasing carbon footprints inside the campus.
4. To aid students and faculty with their heavy belongings.
5. To offer a mode of transportation for the students and faculty staffs who wish to save time.
6. To offer shade to groups of students and faculty staffs against the heat of the sun.
7. To offer protection to groups of students and faculty staffs during rainy seasons.
8. To provide a platform for social interactions among students.
9. To offer an economical option since it carries more passengers than the usual single-seater.
10. To promote a healthy lifestyle through cycling.
C. SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
To give assistance on the ongoing matter regarding transportation, we, the proponents, plan
for the design for the modified bicycles as in-campus transportation in Silliman University. The
Page 4
layout will include a detailed plan taking in the Kinematics and Dynamics of the system which
supports the plan of the project. Its structure shall be designed as a bicycle good for 4-6 students
with some areas for bags and books for the passengers’ convenience while also providing shade.
These bicycles will also be stationed in each department so that as soon as students are done with
one class and are supposed to transfer to another building which is quite distant, these bicycles are
ready for use.
D. SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
This proposal mainly focuses on providing a design for the modified bicycles that will
serve as the in-campus vehicle in Silliman University. This would supplement the present project
of the Silliman University Student Government known as the SIKAD Project. In addition to the
single-seater bicycles being offered for rent by this project, these bicycles would be an option to
students who wishes to avoid walking due to certain circumstances. Number of bicycles to be
provided for each college will be based on the ratio of 1 bicycle is to 200 students.
The proposal is allotted to the structural design of the modified bicycles and would also
include the production materials, specification and methods, and the total cost estimate.
This technical report would not include the layout for the parking spaces in each college.
Page 5
III. PRODUCTION DESIGN AND MATERIALS
With the help of our expert, Engr. Jose Marlon Cornelio, the Machine Design Professor of
the Mechanical Engineering Department, Silliman University, the proponents have come up with
the production design and specifications. From the dimensions of the overall design, to the
mechanism and to the materials that is to be used, all were decided with the constant guidance of
Engr. Cornelio. The front area design is patterned to the existing bicycles of the Mechanical
Engineering Department (Figure 3-A1, page 5) with the rest of the design from the proponent’s
original ideas.
Figure 3-A1. Existing bicycles from Mechanical Engineering Department.
The factors that were taken into account in the construction of the design are the problems
of the stockholders that were gathered in the survey that was conducted. The design should offer
a protection against the harshness of weather and should provide a space for baggage. It should
also accommodate a number of people.
Page 6
The design that was constructed by the proponents could accommodate at most 7 people,
with at least 3 people to properly maneuver the vehicle.
A. PRODUCTION DESIGN AND DIMENSIONS
 Overall Design
Figure 3-A2. A sketch of the design as seen from an angle.
Page 7
Figure 3-A3. Rough sketch of the overall design viewed from the side.
Figure 3-A4. Rough sketch of the front view and back view of the design.
Page 8

Material and Dimensions
Top Cover
Material: Tarpaulin S200
Dimensions:
Main:
4.5 ft x 6 ft
(1.37 m x 1.83 m)
Sides:
2 Qty x 4.5 ft x 0.5 ft
(1.37 m x 0.15 m)
6 ft by 0.5 ft
(1.83 m x 0.15 m)
Frame
Material: GI Steel Pipe SCH 40 ½
GI Steel Pipe SCH 40 2
Dimensions:
Refer to the frame section on pages 910
Upholster for the Seats
Material: Uratex (cushion with
cover; 2-inch thickness)
Dimensions:
Front Seat:
4 ft x 1 ft
(1.22 m x 0.3 m)
Back Seats:
2 Qty x 3 ft x 1 ft
(0.91 m x 0.3 m)
Floor
Material: Steel Sheets
Dimensions:
4 ft x 3 ft
(1.22 m x 0.91 m)
4ft x 1.25 ft
(1.22 m x 0.381 m)
Table 3-A1. Major areas of the modified bicycles with respective material and
dimensions.
Page 9

Frame
Top Frame
Lateral Posts
Back Seat Frame
Front Seat Frame
Front Frame
Figure 3-A5. The structural frame of the body.
MATERIAL: GI Steel Pipes SCH 40 2 and SCH 40 ½
Top Frame
Layout
Table 3.A2.
Quantity
Length
Steel Pipe Size
2
2
3
2
6 ft
4.5 ft
6 ft
4.5 ft
2-in.diameter
2-in.diameter
0.5-in.diameter
0.5-in.diameter
Page 10
Lateral Frame
Main Vertical Posts
Front Curved Support
Back Curved Support
Horizontal Frame
Table 3.A3.
Quantity
Length
4
4 ft
2
2 ft
2
1.25 ft
6
3ft
Steel Pipe Size
2-in.diameter
0.5-in.diameter
0.5-in.diameter
0.5-in.diameter
Floor Length
Floor Width
Table 3.A4.
Quantity
Length
3
3.5
3
4
Steel Pipe Size
2-in.diameter
2-in.diameter
Floor Frame
Front Frame
Handle Frame
Bars Connecting the Forks
Bottom Frame
Bottom Curved Support
Table 3.A3.
Quantity
2
2
2
2
2
Length
4.5 ft
1 ft
4.5 ft
2 ft
1.75ft
Steel Pipe Size
0.5-in.diameter
0.5-in.diameter
0.5-in.diameter
2-in.diameter
0.5-in.diameter
Seat Frames
Table 3.A4.
Quantity
Length
Front
*Length
*Width
*Support
Back
*Length
*Width
*Support
Steel Pipe Size
3
2
2
4 ft
1 ft
1.6 ft
0.5-in.diameter
0.5-in.diameter
0.5-in.diameter
4
4
4
3 ft
1 ft
1.8 ft
0.5-in.diameter
0.5-in.diameter
0.5-in.diameter
Page 11
Total Length Needed:
63.5 ft – 2-in. diameter (SCH 40 2)
115.4 ft- 0.5- in. diameter (SCH 40 ½)
B. PRODUCTION MATERIALS
For the modified bicycle to perform its maximum potential, the material to be used in its
structure should be capable of carrying the targeted load and be capable of withstanding the force
exerted upon it or the impacts it would experience. It should also be corrosion and wear resistant
to withstand environmental factors.
Figure 3.B. Structural materials to be used.
The proponents decided to use G.I. steel pipes with sizes ½ and 2-inch for its framework
and steel sheets for the floor material. Steel is known for its high tensile strength. G.I steel pipes
and majority of the commercially available steel sheets undergo galvanization which provides a
zinc coating that serves as a protection against rusting thus making it corrosion resistant
(Galvanization, n.d.).
Page 12
C. MECHANISM
 Steering Mechanism
Figure 3-C1. Rack and pinion steering mechanism.
In rack and pinion steering mechanisms, the steering wheel turns the pinion gear; the
pinion moves the rack, which is a linear gear that meshes with the pinion, converting circular
motion into linear motion along the transverse axis of the car (side to side motion) (Rack and
Pinion, n.d.).
In the modified bicycle design, a basic rack and pinion steering mechanism will maneuver
the bicycle. At the head of each steering head is attached a sprocket. The two (2) sprockets are
connected by a bicycle chain with a length of the span of the rod connecting the steering head. The
pole holding the steering wheel, called the steering column will also have a sprocket attached at
its bottom and the steering sprocket will be positioned in a way that the sprocket can easily move
along the bicycle chain. As the driver rotates the steering wheel, the steering sprocket rotates with
it. The bicycle chain moves along the motion of the sprocket and thus causing a turn in the steering
head and the fork holding the wheel.
Page 13
Figure 3- C2. Rack and pinion mechanism of a car.
Table 3-C1. Steering Mechanism Bicycle Parts.
Bicycle Parts
Quantity
Size
Steering Wheel
1
Standard
Steering Column
1
2 ft in length
Sprocket
3
¼” in pitch, 3 in. in diameter
Chain
1
3 ft in length; ¼” in teeth distance
Steering Head
2
Standard
2
Standard
2 sets
Standard
Fork
Front Wheels
(hubs, spokes, rim,
tire)
Page 14
 Chain Drive
Figure 3-C3. Chain drive of a bicycle.
The chain drive mechanism to power the proposed design will be the usual drive
mechanism seen in most bicycles. The crank set and the front derailleur will be attached and a
chain will connect to the rear derailleur attached to the rear wheels. There will be two sets for this
mechanism since the design calls for two pedal drivers.
Table 3-C2. Chain Drive Bicycle Parts.
Bicycle Parts
Quantity
Crank set
(chain ring, crank arm,
2 sets
pedal)
Size
Standard
Chain
2
Standard
Derailleur Set
2
Standard
Rear Wheels
(hubs, spokes, rim, tire)
2 sets
Standard
Page 15
 Brake Mechanism
Figure 3-C4. Brake mechanism.
The brake mechanism to be used in the design is the usual brake mechanism observed in
most bicycles but the brake lever will be located at the bottom, designed for easier access to the
driver. Having hand brake levers will be impractical since the steering wheel is to be used as the
main steering control for the driver. The brake lever will be in control of the four center-pull caliber
brakes located at each wheel of the vehicle.
Table 3-C2. Brake Mechanism Bicycle Parts.
Bicycle Parts
Quantity
Brake set
4 sets
Size
Standard
Page 16
IV. PRODUCTION SPECIFICATIONS AND METHODS
The primary aim of the designer is to bring about a customized bike that is mechanically
capable of carrying multiple passengers without exerting much effort into cycling. This is fulfilled
by correctly measuring the parameters (size of the bike) and equally distributing the weight of each
passenger to lessen the overall force needed to pedal. Every aspect of the design shall be carefully
considered in terms of weight allocation, space utilization, and safety conditions to be supervised
by registered mechanical engineers that are currently teaching in Silliman University.
A. WELDING AND BRAZING THE STRUCTURE
To arrive at the expected outcome of the product, the processes of brazing and
welding is to be done. The method of brazing uses a filler metal with a melting
temperature lower than the frame material. So the filler melts to connect the tubes, but the
tubes themselves don't get hot enough to change. It's a bit like gluing two pieces of paper
together. The papers don't change but are joined as one. Brazing is used in the putting
together of the GI pipes. Welding differs in that it actually melts the filler metal and the
frame material so when cooled all three have coalesced into one solid.
Utilizing the materials listed in Table 4-A on pages 14-16, the structure of the
modified bicycle shall come together when the pipes are cut into their specific dimensions
provided by tables on pages 7-8, then be welded together using the GI pipes; which is being
held together by the brazed filler metal.
Page 17
Figure 4-A1. The three photos display how welding, brazing and cutting metal bars are
being done (respectively) one by one to create a bicycle.
First, the main body frame of the modified bike is welded and assembled, then the
fork and the steering rod, the rear wheel base and the sprocket hub. Welding includes the
frame of the seats for all the passengers (including the driver), and rods supporting the
structure or frame of the bicycle and the canopy above it.
The first major joint to braze is the bottom bracket and seat tube joint. Make the
seat tube is lined up in the center of the bottom bracket shell and perpendicular to it (use a
jig). Tack the fore and aft tips of the joint together in the jig. You will make all your tacks
in the fore aft plane to prevent any alignment issues. After the bottom bracket is tacked to
the seat tube you can pull it out of the jig and fully attached them. Braze or weld the entire
joint. If you are fillet brazing, keep the fillet small so there is room for the down tube.
Page 18
Figure 4-A2. Fillet brazing on the bicycle frame.
Once that joint is done you can put it back in the jig and do a dry fit with the rest of
the tubing. Use a marker to trace each joint. This is so you can drill vent holes. Vent holes
are important for cleaning flux out of the tubing and so that moisture can drain from the
bicycle frame. Just drill a small hole inside your trace lines.
Once everything looks good you can tack all the joints together. Remember to keep
your tacks in the plane of the frame. Tack each joint sequentially; obtuse angles first and
acute angles second. Once all joints are tacked you can remove the front triangle from the
jig and get ready to fully braze (or weld) the joints. I do this in a bike repair stand as it is
easy to rotate and move the frame as you work.
Page 19
Then you will need to add braze-ons to your frame. The binder boss for the seat
post is straight forward. Have it centered and braze it on. After it is brazed you need to
mark a slit down the middle of it and the seat tube. This allows the binder to pull the tube
tight around the seat post. The cable stops will be placed based on how you will be routing
the cables for brakes and shifters/derailleur. The brake bosses need to be placed a certain
distance up the seat stays and a certain distance apart from one another. They need to be
seventy-five (75) to eighty-five (85) mm apart. You also need to add a bridge between the
two seat stays. This adds rigidity and a fender mounting location.
The poles supporting the canopy above should measure be welded on to the base
of the bicycle. Keep in mind that these poles supporting the canopy are thicker and have a
greater diameter than the ones used to put the frame together.
Refer to page 5 for the overall design of the product and to page 8 for the overall
structural frame layout.
After the entirety of the frame has been welded together, the steel sheets are then
welded unto the base of the back area to serve as the floor.
B. PAINTING AND FINISHING THE FRAME
After the frame of the modified bicycle has come together, it must then be properly
painted to improve the overall exterior of the bicycle. This must be done before the parts
are installed in order to avoid getting unnecessary paint or drip marks. Start by getting all
the flux off the frame by submerging it in hot soapy water. A couple of layers of undercoat
Page 20
must be painted on before applying the desired color of paint. This is to ensure that the
color will stick.
Moreover, in the event of an accident where the exterior is dented and paint is
scratched off, the undercoat won’t be ruined. After which, this must be finished with paint
varnish so that it will be less susceptible to environmental damage and wear.
Figure 4-B1. This is how the frame should look like after the finishing process.
C. INSTALLATION OF PARTS
The installation of parts is then made after the paint and varnish have completely
dried up. This involves adding the wheels, chains, the pedals, the steering wheel, and other
necessary equipment for the structure of the bike and ensuring that all of the parts are
installed properly.
Page 21
The steering mechanism is first assembled. The two front wheels are attached to
the fork with a nutted axle (Figure 4-C1, page 20). The axle nuts are tightened. To avoid
changing the adjustment of the wheel bearings, tighten gradually: tighten one side of the
wheel a small amount, then tighten the other side a similar amount. Repeat, from side to
side, until the axle nuts are correctly tightened.
Figure 4- C1. The nutted axles of the forks of the front wheels.
Page 22
A 3-inch sprocket is then attached to each of the steering headset of the front wheels
and then a bicycle chain is then welded to connect the two sprockets. It should be made
sure that only one chain should be welded unto one sprocket to be certain that the
mechanism will work perfectly.
Figure 4-C2. The usual steering headset.
Afterwards, the steering wheel is then welded unto the 2-feet steering column. At
the bottom of the steering column is a 3-inch sprocket. The steering wheel-column
assembly (Figure 4- C3, page 22) is installed at the center of the front frame, 2.25 feet from
both sides. The column sprocket is then positioned carefully to the steering chain.
Page 23
Figure 4- C3. Steering wheel-column assembly.
The chain drive mechanism is then installed next. A 7.5-feet bicycle chain is then
looped over each of the hubs of the rear wheels. The hub is then slid into the rear wheel
frame. While holding straight frame, tighten gradually the axle nuts. The crankset is then
assembled to the bottom frame of the front area. The standard sized chain ring is attached
using a puller nut. (Figure 4-C4, page23). After securing the puller nut into the crank, the
same chain is looped over it. Afterwards, the chain is re-tensioned. The crank arm and
pedals are then attached. Prior to installing the pedals, identify which is the left and right
pedal and heavily grease both. There shall be an “L” or an “R” stamped or engraved into
the metal part of the pedal. If no “L” and “R” markings are fit onto the pedals, use pedal
thread direction to identify. Fit the left hand pedal first. It must be fastened counterclockwise as the threading is the reverse of a normal screw. A wrench must not be used
until it shall be tightened for a few final turns and must be positioned properly for good
mechanical advantage (Figure 4-C5, page 22). Then install the right hand pedal, which is
Page 24
to be secured clockwise like a regular screw. The process is repeated for the left pedal
(Pedal installation, 2015).
Figure 4-C4. Installing the chain rings.
Figure 4-C5. Installing the pedals.
Page 25
Lastly, the brake mechanism is installed. The brake type to be used is the cantilever
type (Figure-C6, page). The brake assembly is then bolted onto the two front forks and the
onto the two rear wheel frame. They are to be positioned next to the rim of the wheels. The
wires are then located at the end of the brake cable. The wires are fed through the cable
adjustment barrel, then slide the end of the wire through the hole in the cable anchor bolt.
They are connected in such a way that only one brake lever will control all four brake
assemblies on each wheel. The brake lever is then installed at the bottom frame, measuring
2.75’ from the left and 1.75’ from the right. The brake lever is to be tested to confirm if the
brake will make contact with the wheel rim.
Figure 4- C6. Cantilever brakes.
Page 26
Figure 4-C7. Close up on the brake-wheel rim relation.
D. UPHOLSTERY AND OTHER SPECIFICATIONS
The upholstery includes the seat cushions for all passengers of the modified bike.
The dimensions for the front row upholstery must be 4 ft x 1 ft, while the two back seats
should have an area of 3 ft x 1 ft. Cut the fabric large enough to wrap around the foam
padding and plywood back while leaving ample fabric to which to staple. Trim off the excess
fabric and to place the bolts in the seat back prior to upholstering.
Page 27
Figure 4-E1. The seat upholstery process.
Other specifications include canopy roofing (4.5 ft x 6 ft), additional hooks to carry
bags that are moderately heavy and reflective stickers so that the bicycle can be discernible
to other vehicles when visibility is low.
Figure 4-E2. From left to right: bicycle bag hooks and reflective stickers to be
added to the modified bicycle.
Page 28
V. COST ESTIMATE
A. COST DETAILS
Budgetary Cost Estimate Only
ITEM DESCRIPTION
UOM
QTY.
UNIT RATE
AMOUNT (PHP)
Top Cover
Tarpaulin S200
Sum
2
P200
P400
Total Amount: Php 400
Upholster for Front Seat and Back Seat
Uratex (cushion with cover)
Plywood
Sum
Sum
3
1
P313
P518
P939
P518
Total Amount: Php 1,457
Frames
GI Steel Pipe SCH40 2-2in dia
GI Steel Pipe SCH40 ½ -1.5in dia
Sum
Sum
4
6
Sum
1
P865
Sum
Sum
Sum
Sum
Sum
1
3
1
2
2
P120
P269
P400
P85
P200
P120
P807
P400
P170
P400
Sum
2
P392
P784
P1140/20’
P4560
P215/20’
P1290
Total Amount: Php 4,850
Floor
G.I. Steel Sheets
Steering Mechanism
Steering Wheel
Sprocket
Chains
Steering Head
Fork
Front Wheels
(hubs, spokes, rim, tire)
P865
Total Amount: Php 865
Total Amount: Php 2,681
Chain Drive
Crank set
(chain ring, crank arm, pedal)
Chains
Derailleur Set
Rear Wheels
(hubs, spokes, rim, tire)
Sum
2
P270
P540
Sum
Sum
2
2
P85
P150
P170
P300
Sum
2
P392
P784
Total Amount: Php 1,794
Brake Mechanism
Brake set
Sum
4
P150
P600
Total Amount: Php 600
Page 29
The bicycle parts as shown above are to be used in the production of the Modified Bicycles
as in-campus vehicles in Silliman University. These can be bought at Bernard's Bike supply located
around Pinili's street, Dumaguete City. The materials to be assembled are with assurance to
withstand the specified load to be carried as these are the standard brands manufactured in Japan
and imported to the Philippines. Though these are the brands that are locally used, it has been
authenticated and certified under the Standards and Quality Control in the Philippines.
B. LABOR COST
Allan’s Welding Shop, Dumaguete City
Php 4,000.00
C. GRAND TOTAL
Total Cost per Unit
Top Cover
Php 400
Upholster
Php 1457
Frame
Php 4850
Floor
Php 865
Steering Mechanism
Php 2681
Chain Drive
Php 1794
Brake Mechanism
Php 600
Labor Cost
Php 4,000
Total Amount per unit: Php 17,647.00
Page 30
Proposed Number of Bicycle Units per College
College
Senior High School
College of Agriculture
College of Arts and Sciences
College of Business Administration
College of Computer Studies
College of Education
College of Engineering and Design
College of Mass Communication
College of Nursing
College of Performing and Visual Arts
Medical School
College of Law
Divinity School
School of Public Affairs and Governance
Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences
Institute of Rehabilitative Sciences
Population
1,741
90
748
1029
172
460
841
85
167
145
260
142
40
37
401
156
Bike (Ratio 1:200)
8
1
4
6
1
2
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
Total Bicycle Units: 37
We, the proponents, have decided to adapt a ratio of 1 bicycle per 200 students per college.
This is to allow the project to make itself accessible to the students while causing minimum traffic.
This was also supported by the data we have gathered in our survey where 85% of the respondents
agreed of the said ratio, with the main reason that not all students will also use it at the same time.
GRAND TOTAL= (Amount per unit) (Total units)
GRAND TOTAL= (Php 17,647)(37 units)
GRAND TOTAL= Php 652,939.00
Page 31
VI. CONCLUSION
Compared to the usual bike with two wheels, the proposed bike design has more space, which
means it can carry more passengers in one trip. More passengers will be accommodated per trip means
more passengers would have a better experience in the campus because they would have a new way
to explore the campus. Aside from the bigger space, it also provides shade on the passengers and shelter
to the things brought every day when it is either raining or it is really hot.
Taken from the survey and interview that were done, 100% (25 out of 25) of the students in the
university, 90% (9 out 10) of the faculty and 80% (4 out of 5) of the Admin find this proposal for modified
bicycles as in-campus vehicles in Silliman University of a convenience in their part. The design of the
modified bicycle compared to the existing 1-seater bicycle under the SIKAD project would be a great
benefaction to the different sectors inside the university. This project will be designated in the different
colleges in the campus limiting only to 37 units of bicycles. This production will give us a grand total
amounting to Php 652,939.00. All bicycle parts used in the production will be bought from Bernardo’s
Bike Supply around Pinili’s Street, Dumaguete City. The materials needed will be bought from local
hardware stores in Dumaguete. Also, the said bicycle will be welded at Allan’s Welding Shop until the said
bicycle will be functional and ready for use.
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VII. REFERENCES
Cantilever Breaks. (n.d.) Retrieved August 29, 2017 from http://www.bikemanual.com/brands/trek/om/touring/brk_canti.htm.
Cornelio, J.M. (2017, July 25). Personal Interview.
Crank removal and installation: Three piece. (2015). Retrieved September 10, 2017
https://www.parktool.com/blog/repair-help/pedal-installation-and-removal.
Galvanizing process. (n.d) Retrieved August 29, 2017 from
https://www.galvanizeit.org/inspection-course/galvanizing-process.
Pedal Installation and Removal. (2015) Retrieved September 10, 2017 from
https://www.parktool.com/blog/repair-help/pedal-installation-and-removal.
Pedicab Trailer. (2016). Retrieved September 6, 2017 from
http://www.renoguy.com/category/pedicab-trailer/.
Tanner, W. (2014). Build a bicycle frame. Retrieved September 5, 2017 from
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build-a-Bicycle-Frame/.
Wheel and Tire size Compatibility. (n.d.) Retrieved August 28, 2017 from http://www.bikemanual.com/brands/trek/om/touring/whl_qr_ov.htm.
Page 33
VIII. APPENDIX
A. List of Canvassed Materials
Table 8-A. List of canvassed materials
ITEMS
Steering Wheel
steering control for
vehicles
Steering Head
holds the bearings which
allow the front fork steer
tube to pivot freely
Brake Set
used to stop or slow
down the vehicle
Hub
the core of the wheel
PRICES
Bernard’s Bike Supply
local/standard brand
Php 120/ piece
Lazada
Retro Allot
Bullhorn
Php 600/ piece
Bernard’s Bike Supply
local/standard brand
Php 85/ piece
Bernard’s Bike Supply
local/standard brand
Php 150/ set
Lazada
MTB
Php 1600/ set
Bernard’s Bike Supply
local/standard brand
Php 55/ piece
Spokes
connects wheel rim to hub
Bernard’s Bike Supply
local/standard brand
Php 72/ piece
Lazada
Osaki
Php 500/ piece
Rim
that part of a wheel to
which the tire is attached
and often forms part of the
braking mechanism
Bernard’s Bike Supply
local/standard brand
Php 85/ piece
Lazada
MTB
Php 800/ piece
Tire
attached to wheel rim
Bernard’s Bike Supply
local/standard brand
Php 180/ piece
Lazada
MTB
Php 750/ piece
Pedal
mechanical interface
between foot and crank
arm
Bernard’s Bike Supply
local/standard brand
Php 85/ piece
Lazada
Mountain Bike
Php 350/ piece
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Crank Arm
the offset portion of a
crankshaft to which
connecting rod and piston
are attached
Derailleur
an assembly of levers,
usually cable actuated,
that moves the chain
between sprockets on a
cassette or chainring
assembly
Chain
a system of interlinking
pins, plates and rollers
that transmits power from
the front sprocket(s) to the
rear sprocket(s)
Bernard’s Bike Supply
local/standard brand
Php 120/ piece
Lazada
--Php 400/ piece
Bernard’s Bike Supply
local/standard brand
Php 150/ set
Lazada
MTB
Php 477/ set
Bernard’s Bike Supply
local/standard brand
Php 85/ piece
Lazada
IG
Php 400/ piece
Bernard’s Bike Supply
local/standard brand
Php 75/ piece
Lazada
MTB
Php 325/ piece
Rejoice Hardware
Jay Marketing
Php 290/ 20’
Php 215/ 20’
Php 910/ 20’
Php 1 140/ 20’
Steel Sheets
a material that is cut and
welded together to create
a final product
Rejoice Hardware
Php 1 936/ 4’x48’
Jay Marketing
Php 865/ 4’x48’
Plywood
a sheet can help with
roofing, flooring and
hoardings
Rejoice Hardware
Php 518/ 4’x48’
Jay Marketing
Php 515/ 4’x48’
Chain Rings
(one of the) front gear(s),
attached to a crank
GI Pipes
to be used in the structure
of the body
½ S-20
2 S-20
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Cushions with cover
a pad usually used for
sitting
DewFoam Upholstery
Rubi’s Marketing
Dew Foam
Php1350/set
(2’’x10”x40”)
Uratex
Php 1250/ 4 sets
(2’’x10”x40”)
Rubi’s Marketing
Tarpaulin Trapal
used for Roof Hauling
DewFoam Upholstery
S200: Php212/meter
S420: Php160/meter
S200: Php 200/
meter
S420:
Php165/meter
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B. Preliminary Interview
A PROPOSAL FOR MODIFIED BICYCLES AS IN-CAMPUS VEHICLES IN
SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY
Interviewee: Marc Rodney S. Manaban, SUSG Vice- President
What are your thoughts regarding the plan of a modified bicycle in the campus of Silliman
University?
“For me, personally, it’s ok, it’s fine with me because it’s appealing to the students because more
students can use the bike.”
What are your rules and regulations regarding the parking space or the traffic regulations of
vehicles inside the campus?
“Well, we are not in control of that matter because it’s a job handles by OSS, Office of the Student
Services. However, our bikes under the Sikad project are placed in a storage room. This storage room
can be found somewhere in the campus exclusive only for the bikes. As for your modified bikes which
would probably take up space, I don’t have any idea as to where we could place it, but I know for sure, if
ever the bikes are to be implemented, we could find a space for them.”
How many students are using the current bikes for rent?
“There are many student using the bikes for rent. But, these past few days, the bikes are not yet functional
because the head of the Sikad project placed the bikes for fixing because some of them were damaged.
This Sikad Project is under SG but it is chaired by the Environmental Committee.”
If ever these bikes are implemented, will the SG be willing to spare certain amount for the
maintenance of the bikes?
“Well, the income from the Sikad Project which as of now costs 25 pesos/hour is what we use for the
maintenance of the bikes. But, yes of course if ever implemented, because it will be another source of
income, an advantage for the SG. But, on how it will be handled, managed or even placed or located, it
might still need further discussions.”
Our plan is to place certain number of bikes in every department. If ever implemented, how many
do you think will be needed to be placed in each department?
“I think, it would depend upon the population and as to how many students are willing or are in need
with the use of bikes. Because, as for us MedTech students, this idea would be a hit because we transfer
from AK to EC and most of us pay for pedicab fare. So, if ever this will be implemented then we will have
no problem because for a certain amount, many of us can ride plus the idea of it just outside of the
department when needed would really be a big help.”
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C. Preliminary Survey Result
Page 38
Page 39
D. Data Gathered from the Survey
How often do you move from one part of the campus to
the other?
Once a week
0%
Twice a week
8%
Multiple times a day
32%
Three to five times a
week
20%
Once a day
40%
Do you see a need for an alternative for walking when
transferring from one part of the campus to the other?
No
0%
Yes
100%
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What are your problems with walking?
25.5
Tiresome due to long
distances, 25
Time- consuming, 25
25
24.5
24
23.5
Tiresome due to
weather, 23
Tiresome due to
carrying heavy items,
23
23
22.5
22
As a student of the University, will the proposed modified
bicycles be of convenience to you?
No
0%
Yes
100%
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On what grounds do you decide to use the modified
bicycles?
When needed to
accommodate more
people, 25
30
25
When carrying heavy
items, 23
When going to really
far destinations, 23
When in a hurry , 20
20
15
10
5
0
If there would be one bicycle for every 200 students in
Silliman University, do you think this would be sufficient?
No, 200
students for
one bicycle is
too many
No
15%
Yes
85%
Yes, because
not all
students will
use it at the
same time
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As a part of the faculty and staff of the University, will the
proposed modified bicycles be of convenience to you?
No
10%
Yes
90%
As part of the Silliman University Administration (Department
Chairpersons), do you think these proposed modified bicycles
are convenient to the University?
No
20%
Yes
80%