University of Duhok College of Engineering Civil Department Concrete Technology-Practical Concrete Laboratory A REPORT ABOUT Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Submitted by: sarwar hussain ali Group: A2 Testing Date: 15/10/2018 Submission Date: 22/10/201 Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 2 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 3 Introduction Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 4 Sluice gates are used for controlling and measuring flow rates in open Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 5 channels and rivers, mainly in connection to hydro power plants Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 6 Water flows under a sluice gate with an opening height of 0.4 m. The width of the Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 7 sluice is 3 m and the height from the water surface to the bottom of the sluice is 10 m Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 8 A sluice gate is an opening in a hydraulic structure used for controlling the discharge. Fig. 1 Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 9 shows flow through a sluice gate with no side or bottom contraction. Downstream free flow Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 10 occurs at a (relatively) large ratio of upstream depth to the gate-opening height.However, Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 11 submerged flow at the downstream would occur for low values of this ratio. For a freely Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 12 issuing stream from a sluice gate, the water surface is quite smooth whereas for a Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 13 submerged flow, the corresponding flow profile is extremely rough Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 14 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 15 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 16 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 17 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 18 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 19 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 20 1. Materials: Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 21 1. Potable water Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 22 2. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 23 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 24 2. Equipment: Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 25 1. Sensitive balance. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 26 2. Graduate Cylinder. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 27 3. Vicat apparatus (having plunger 10mm∓1mm and 300gm as a total Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 28 weight). Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 29 4. Vicat mold. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 30 5. Mixing bowl or pan. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 31 6. Trowel. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 32 7. Glass plate. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 33 8. Hand covers (plastic gloves). Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 34 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 35 3. Procedures Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 36 1) A 500gm sample of cement is prepared. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 37 2) The amount of water required for mixing is determined from several trials Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 38 of different W/C ratios. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 39 3) A mechanical mixer is used for mixing as described in ASTM. Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 40 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 41 4) The dry paddle and the dry bowl are placed in the mixing position in the Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 42 mixer, then a batch of cement is added and mixing is done as follows: Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 43 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 44 a) Place all the mixing water in the bowl. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 45 b) Cement is added to the water and is allowed 30 seconds for the Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 46 absorption of water. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 47 c) Start the mixer at a low speed for 30 seconds. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 48 d) After that, the mixer is stopped for 15 seconds and any paste that Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 49 may have been collected to the sides of the bowl is scrapped down Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 50 into the batch. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 51 e) Start the mixer again at a medium speed for a minute. Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 52 5) After mixing, the paste is removed from the bowl and pressed into the Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 53 large end of the Vicat mold. The excess paste at the large end is scrapped Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 54 off with a trowel and then the large end is placed down on a glass plate. Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 55 6) The excess paste at the small end is also scrapped off with a trowel Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 56 7) During the scrapping and smoothing processes you have to be careful not Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 57 to compress the paste. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 58 8) The paste is centered confined in the ring, resting on the plate. Under the Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 59 rod, the plunger end shall be brought in contact with the cement paste and Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 60 the screw is then tightened Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 61 9) The movable indicator is set to the upper zero mark of the scale and the Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 62 rod is released immediately after that. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 63 10) The paste will be of normal consistency when the rod settles Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 64 6mm±1mm below the original surface in 30 seconds after being released. Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 65 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 66 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 67 4. Observations and Results Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 68 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 69 Group No. Weight of W/C Amount of Penetration Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 70 Cement added water Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 71 B.1 500gm 0.25% 125mm 25mm Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 72 B.2 500gm 0.27% 135mm 9mm Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 73 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 74 5. Discussion and Conclusion Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 75 from the foregoing developments, the following conclusions are drawn: Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 76 1.Criteria for the existenceof submerged and free flows through a sluice Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 77 gate have been evolved. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 78 2.High-accuracy discharge coefficient equations for submerged and freeflowshave been obtained. Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 Normal Consistency 79 3.Algorithms for solution of practical problems of thesluice gate oper ati on have been given. Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 80 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 81 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 82 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 83 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 84 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 85 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 86 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 87 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 88 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 89 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 90 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 91 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 92 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 93 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 94 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 95 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 96 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 97 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 98 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 99 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 100 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 101 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 102 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 103 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 104 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 105 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 106 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 107 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 108 Normal Consistency Concrete Technology Cement Test 1 109 6 Normal Consistency