International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2019, pp.307–314, pp. Article ID: IJCIET_10_01_029 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=1 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 0976 ©IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed APPLICATION OF PERT AND SIX SIGMA INTEGRATION ON BUILDING BUILDING PILE FOUNDATION Albert Eddy Husin Master Program of Civil Engineering, Mercu Buana University, iversity, Jakarta, Indonesia ABSTRACT The job structure of the bottom (lower Structure) has the weight of the work amounted to 8% of the total cost of the construction of high-rise high rise buildings, while the delay in implementation of the work Reached 12%. The results esults of the statistical analysis conducted by using the Relative Important Index (RII) Obtained 15 influential factors ie Comparison of measurement and prediction, the adequacy of the plan Specifications, fix and schedules and plans, instrumentation and performance monitoring, evaluation of static pole Data , Data collection, soil conditions, scope of work, Issues, accuracy of data, problem identification, Solution Optimization, validation projects, Improve communication, skilled workforce. While the results resu of the analysis of the case study foundations work efficiency powerboats Obtained results using PERT of 4.85% and optimization for quality using Six Sigma of 99. 56%. Keywords: PERT Method, Six Sigma Method, M Pile Foundation. Cite this Article: Albert Eddy Husin, Application of Pert and Six Sigma Integration On Building Pile Foundation, Foundation International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET),, 10 (1), 2018, pp. 307–314. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=1 1. INTRODUCTION High-rise rise building (High Rise building) is a multi-story multi story building on land use is limited. In the process of work on the implementation of high-rise high rise building construction project, the obstacles often encountered is from the time that the delay of the project and of the quality of that quality is not in accordance with the technical specifications required [1]. Resulted in the loss of the project and construction failures. Pile foundations ions are generally preferred when heavy structural loads have to be transferred through weak subsoil to firm strata. The piles often penetrate through a contaminated zone and then fully penetrate an underlying aquitard, possibly entering a deeper underlyingg aquifer, to achieve higher bearing capacities [2]. Piling Works with methodology Six ix Sigma has the DMAIC phases (Define, (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) each step was used a variety of methods and tools (tools), both quantitative and qualitative http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index. IJMET/index.asp 307 editor@iaeme.com Albert Eddy Husin methodologies while PERT. PERT is a project management tool that is used for scheduling, organizing and coordinating the parts of the job that is in a project. In the process of the construction project work trip this high-rise building, a problem frequently encountered. On the application of the PERT method is common factors of delay in the project (delay) such as: the availability of resources (Meshach 2013, the Bora in 2016), workers who do not fit, construction equipment inadequate [3], environmental factors Project, project management is not good [4], the lack of communication between crew good workers [5]. While the application of the method Six Sigma is not maximized due to the factors of the failure of the quality of a construction project including: project delays, errors in estimating costs Insufficient resources on the project [5], the absence of risk management at project [6], and the imbalance of work on each segment [5]. By understanding the key success factors are expected to apply their stakeholders interested in the building project and contribute to science in education. The duration of a project is determined by a system flow plan in which the duration of each task has an expected value and a variance. Simplified PERT durations are subject to errors of greater than 10% when the skewness of the actual distribution is greater than 0.28 or less than 20.48 [7]. The aim of this research is to identify the key success factors of the application integration PERT methods and methods Six Sigma on the implementation of the pile foundation construction work in the building construction project in Indonesia and determine the key factors of success were very influential or dominant (CSF) to application integration PERT Methods and Methods Six Sigma on the implementation of the work pile foundation of highrise buildings in the building construction project in Indonesia. The scope of this study is the perception of the data used is collected through a questionnaire derived from the contractor and the consultant's study who operate in areas of Jakarta qualification large enterprises, medium and small 2. REVIEW OF RESEARCH Six Sigma is a new management tool that is used to replace Total Quality Management (TQM), highly focused on quality control by studying the company's overall production system. Having a goal to, reduce/eliminate production defects, cutting the time of manufacture of the product, and eliminates the cost. Six Sigma also called a comprehensive system, that is the strategy, discipline, and tools to achieve and support business success. Six Sigma is called a strategy for focusing on improving customer satisfaction, is called discipline for following the formal model, namely DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control). DMAIC originally developed as part of the framework Six Sigma. It is an approach that is proven to eliminate or reduce defect (disability) and improve the quality associated with business metrics [8]. But in a construction project, it will require a good job scheduling so that jobs can be run regularly. There are several methods that can be used to manage time and project resources. One is the method PERT. PERT is a method to determine the schedule and budget of the sources, so as a job that has been determined in advance can be completed on time. PERT can keep managers aware of and receive this information on a regular basis. More than, PERT is an excellent approach to achieve the timely completion of the project. PERT method is known to exist in three estimates of the duration of each activity: Optimistic estimate (to), Most likely estimate (tm) and Pessimistic estimate (tp). As a selected object in this research project, especially in sub-high-rise buildings under the structure work. One of the most important and decisive parts in the high-rise building projects ( high rise building) is part of the lower structure of the building function and http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 308 editor@iaeme.com Application of Pert and Six Sigma Integration On Building Pile Foundation usability of the pile foundation is to assign or transfer loads of construction on it ( upper structure) to the bedrock which is located very deep. 2.1. Research methods The study was conducted to analyze the understanding and identifying the barriers and assess the effect of the application of PERT scheduling methods and methods Six Sigma on the project of building a high degree on the quality and timing of the project. The study began by defining the problem and the title of research supported by a literature review. Once it was determined the concept and research hypothesis is the basis for selecting appropriate research methods [10]. To find out understanding and identifying constraints in implementing the scheduling and quality based on the method PERT and Six Sigma Methods on the project of building high levels of quality and time, then the preparation of a research instrument in the form of variables that are formulated in the form of questions (questionnaire). According to [9]. Figure 1 Flow Chart the application of the PERT method and the Six Sigma method at the Pile work The dominant constraint hereinafter is discussed on these findings to be deduced about the understanding and the dominant factors that cause obstacles in implementing integration methods PERT and Six Sigma to employment poles at high-rise building projects, continuing the interview/discussion with experts/specialists, which will be concluded and suggestions. 2.2. Develop research instruments Preparation of research instruments by using a questionnaire to the stages of preparation, namely by identifying variables, the main factors, and sub-factors, classify and search the most important factor, prepare statements in the points corresponding questions variables and compile qualitative respondents with multilevel. The application of the PERT method integration and the Six Sigma method on the implementation of high-rise building pile foundation work can be seen in the following figure 1. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 309 editor@iaeme.com Albert Eddy Husin 2.3. Research variable The initial stage of the RII analysis is to collect the questionnaire components to be distributed to the respondents. All components are prepared based on previous similar research. The questionnaire component consists of 3 parts including : Variable It is the main dimension taken from the research topic. Variables can be either theories or research objects [6]. There are 2 independent variables and 1 dependent variable in this study, namely: • Independent variables: Six Sigma Method and PERT Method • Bound Variables: The lower structure of a high-rise building. Main Factor • Is the main sub-dimension of the variable. The main variables are decomposed into smaller sub-dimensions and each main factor has a sub-factor component. In this study, there were 7 main factors from 3 main variables including: Six Sigma method variables: 5 Main factors (Define, Measure, Analysis, Improve, Control) • PERT method variable: 3 Main factors (Scheduling, Resources, Project Scope) • The variable structure under high-rise buildings: 3 Main factors (Work Preparation, Quality and Time, Implementation) Sub Factor It is a sub-dimension of main factors. Subfactors are questions that will be answered and filled out by respondents by giving a score to each item. In this study, there were 49 subfactors scattered in 11 main factors. The distribution of sub-factors in each main factor is as follow [11]: • Main factors of the Six Sigma method, 15 sub-factors • Main PERT method factor, 15 sub-factors • Main factor The lower structure of multi-story building height, 11 sub-factors, a total of 41 sub-factors. 2.4. Identification of the key success factors There are many supporting factors so that the implementation of the lower structure work of the High-rise Building has been successfully implemented including, comparison of measurements and predictions, Adequacy of plans and specifications, Improving schedules and plans, Instrument and monitoring performance, and others. Some of these studies were the longest in 2001 and the most recent in 2011. From these numbers, the key success factors were applying the PERT method and the Six Sigma method as much as 41 and grouped based on qualitative justification according to the equation of factors or intentions. another there are 15 most important factors of sub-factors according to the RII index rating. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 310 editor@iaeme.com Application of Pert and Six Sigma Integration On Building Pile Foundation 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Results and evaluation At this stage, the results of all stages of statistical analysis are compiled and evaluated regarding the most influential factors in the application of the Six Sigma estimation method and the PERT method on the lower structure work of high-rise buildings. the most influential, the most influential variable, the hypothesis decision is accepted. Fhitung = .( .( ) ) = . .( .( . ) ) = 56,61 Where: m = Number of free variables n = number of respondents Rules for testing significance: If Fcount > Ftable, then H1 is accepted H0 is rejected Fcount < Ftable, then H1 is rejected H0 is accepted With a significance level of α = 0.05, the value of F table is as follows: Ftable = F [(1-) (dk = m), (dk = n-m-1) (20) = F [(1-0.05) (dk = 2), (dk = 38-2-1) = F [(0.95), (2.35)], this can be seen from Figure 2. 3.2. Case Study Validation The acquired data was used to draw the connection between the outcome of this research to the cost and duration of the project [13]. Figure 2 Pile Histogram http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 311 editor@iaeme.com Albert Eddy Husin Table 1. Duration of Pile Foundation Work Activities Scope Of Work Human Resouces Coefficient and Tools Productivity Land Work Excavation pile cap Excavator 24.17 m3/hour 748.544 m3 Foundation Work Cutting pile cap Worker 0.05 Foreman 0.2 Handyman 0.1 Handyman 1.2 Foreman 0.2 Leader foreman 0.02 Worker 0.06 Vibrator 0.05 Handyman 0.15 Worker 0.005 Making work floor 10 cm Bekisting Pile Cap Reinforced Pile Cap 0.0414 Handyman 0.01 Foreman 0.005 Loader foreman 0.003 Worker 0.003 Casting Concrete fc 30 Concrete mixer Mpa 0.631 Volume Duration/ N Duration Group Group 5 days 1 5 days 20 m/day 265.5 m3 14 days 1 14 days 2 m3/ day 18.71 m3 8 days 1 8 days 4 m2/ days 50.13 m2 13 days 1 13 days 2700.55 kg/ days 85067.43 kg 32 days 2 16 days 11.9 m3/days 336.84 m3 31 days 1 31 days The Pile Foundation used is a square concrete pile foundation with dimensions of 45x45 cm and a length of 15 cm. Project data in this study used for testing case study validation is the AMARIS Hotel development project, located in Tangerang, obtained data made in table form 5. And Scheduling data for activity description can be seen in table 2. Figure 3. The Critical Path in Pile Foundation Work From the data in the field, it can be analyzed the critical path for pile foundation work activities as shown in the following figure 3. Pile foundation data from the field are obtained and made in the following table 3. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 312 editor@iaeme.com Application of Pert and Six Sigma Integration On Building Pile Foundation Table 2. Expected Time Expected Critical Pessimistic Moderate Optimistic Time Variance Path (Month) Variance Description Land Work Excavation of pile cap Foundation Work Erection Cutting Pile’s Head Work Floor 10 cm Formwork Pile Cap Steel Assembly Pile Cap Fc 30 MPaConcrete Casting 2 5 10 5,33 1,78 20 10 6 11 12 27 23 14 8 13 16 31 30 19 13 16 19 36 23,67 14,17 8,50 13,17 15,83 31,17 2,78 2,25 1,36 0,69 1,36 2,25 2,78 2,25 1,36 2,25 Known : Total Defect of Pile Foundation (D) = 216 Amount of Opportunity (O) = 5 Number of Points (U) = 30 Number of units per point = 5 Asked: DPMO? PU = D / U = 216/30 = 7.20 DPU is the average defect produced on each floor Table 3 Pile Foundation Data No. 1 2 3 4 4 DPO = Defect Pile Foundation Cracks on poles Position of Pile (Slope) Clay Soil Layer (On Location) Total Capacity Land Hard On Location TOTAL = . ( ) Number of Defect 26 50 39 58 43 216 Percentage (%) 12 23 18 27 20 100 = 0.00960 DPMO = 0.0096 x 1.000.000 = 9600 From the calculation of the data above and by using the Six Sigma method, defects obtained or produced by pile foundation work with a DPMO value of 9600 equivalent to 4.31 Sigma with a yield of around 99.56% following from the Sigma value table. It can be concluded that the construction of the project carrying out pile foundation work has a defect value. 4. CONCLUSION The application of PERT method scheduling method and Six Sigma method on the implementation of high-rise building pile foundation work obtained 15 of the most important and most influential factors, the influencing factors namely: Comparison of measurements and predictions, Adequacy of Plans and Specifications, Improving schedules and plans, instrumentation and performance monitoring, static pole data evaluation, data collection, soil http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 313 editor@iaeme.com Albert Eddy Husin conditions, scope of work, problems, data accuracy, problem identification, solution optimization, project validation, improved communication, skilled workforce. By applying the PERT method can optimize project time to 93,247 days or equal to 4.85% from the time the original plan was 98 days. From the calculation using the Six Sigma method, it can reduce the defect in the implementation of pile foundation work with a DPMO value of 9600 DPMO equivalent to 4.31 Sigma with a yield of around 99.56%. Thus the research hypothesis by applying the Six Sigma Method in carrying out pile foundation work can reduce defects. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] Tong Guo, M.ASCE, Li, A., Wei, L., and Gu, Y. (2013), Horizontal Translocation of a High-Rise Building: Case Study, Journal Of Performance Of Constructed Facilities © ASCE / MAY/JUNE 2013 235-242. Satyamurthy, R., Nataraj, M.S., McManis, K.L., and Boutwell, G.P. (2008), Investigations of Pile Foundations in Brownfields, Journal Of Geotechnical And Geoenvironmental Engineering © ASCE / October 2008 / 1469-1475 Hutagaol, K. (2013). Pembelajaran kontekstual untuk meningkatkan Representasi matematis siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama. urnal Ilmiah Program Studi Matematika STKIP Siliwangi Bandung, 2, 91. 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