International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2019, pp.202–208,
pp.
Article ID: IJCIET_10_01_019
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=1
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
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UTILIZATION OF
F INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY IN
RECOGNIZING HALAL FOOD
FOOD PRODUCTS IN
DIGITAL ERA
Nurhalima Tambunan, Fitri Amaliyah Batubara, Rika Widya, Munisa,
Munisa Marlina,
Bahtiar Siregar
Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Medan, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
The advancement of technology, information, and communication is so
sophisticated, and rapidly in line with the development of the present era that has
transformed humans towards a faster life so that in almost the same time or a few
seconds difference the information is acceptable and recognize to the public. This
technology for a Muslim can assist in the search for the halal of a product that can
eliminate consumer anxieties for a product. In order to obtain halal food that is
needed by everyy Muslim to avoid illicit food, individuals can access every individual
in maintaining cleanliness and halalness of a type of halal food on the MUI
https://median.or.id website if the product gets halal certification from the Medan City
MUI, or the Central MUI and others through a website that becomes a halal
Institution in a particular country. Halal food if it contains three things, such as halal
substances, how to obtain, and process it. About this paper the author only discusses
the halalness of a product
ct from its processing which it is feared can be mixed with
substances that are unclean, for this reason, it is necessary to use the technology of
communication in obtaining information on these needs.
Keywords: Utilization of Information Technology, Communication,
Communication, Halal Food
Products Diera, Digital Era.
Cite this Article: Nurhalima Tambunan, Fitri Amaliyah Batubara, Rika Widya,
Munisa, Marlina and Bahtiar Siregar, Utilization of Information and Communication
Technology In Recognizing Halal Food Products In Digital Era, International Journal
of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET),
(IJCIET) 10 (1), 2018, pp. 202–208
208.
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Utilization of Information and Communication Technology In Recognizing Halal Food Products In
Digital Era
1. INTRODUCTION
The development of information and communication technology (ICT) has a significant
impact on all aspects of human life. This development can be seen through more openness
and the spread of information and knowledge to and from the rest of the world through
borders, distances, places, space and time. Its influence extends to a variety of lives, including
fields needed by humans personally. Technology has been known for a long time, which was
sought and developed by humans through their minds in facilitating all forms of activities and
work. The development of such an amazing world of technology has indeed brought
tremendous benefits to the advancement of human civilization. The types of jobs that
previously demanded substantial physical capabilities are now relatively able to be replaced
by automatic machinery. The discovery of new formulations in the field of computers, as if it
has been able to shift the position of the ability of the human brain in various fields of science
and human activity. The progress of science and technology has been recognized and felt to
provide a lot of convenience and comfort for human life — the fulfillment of consumer needs
in the form of the availability of halal food information which is essential to be consumed by
a Muslim. The halal status of halal food and drinks can help Muslim individuals in carrying
out their activities wherever and whenever.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Information Technology
Technology according to Smaldino (2008: 12) is necessarily a tool to get added value in
producing useful products. Today's technology has developed very rapidly. Alvin Toffler in
Munir (2011: 29) describes this development as a revolution that took place in three waves,
namely, the first wave with the emergence of technology in agriculture, the second wave of
the emergence of industrial technology and the third wave of information technology that
encouraged the growth of communication. These three developments have succeeded in
mastering and influencing human life in the world. Information and telecommunications have
an essential and tangible role.
Moreover, people are currently heading to the scientific community. Information
technology is the result of human engineering on the process of delivering information from
the sender to the recipient so that the transmission of information is faster, wider and more
extended. In human life in the current global era, humans will always be associated with
technology. At the beginning of history, humans exchanged information through language.
Then language is technology. Language allows one to understand the information conveyed
by others. However, the language delivered by word of mouth only lasts a short time, that is,
only when the sender conveys the information by saying it alone. After the speech is
complete, the information in the hands of the recipient will be forgotten and cannot be stored
for long. Besides that, the voice range is also limited. For a certain distance, even though it is
still heard, the information conveyed through sound language will be degraded and even
disappear altogether. The adoption of technology from traditional to digital is increasingly felt
with the development of the current era, and the digitalization movement will continue to
move along with the trend of use for people who tend to use the internet to meet the need for
access to information after that information delivery technology developed through images.
With images, the range of information can be further. This picture can be carried and
delivered to others. Also, the existing information will last longer. Some ancient relics still
exist today so that humans can now (try) understand the information that the creator wants to
convey.
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2.2. Role of Technology
The need for information now continues to increase where people want to know the
development of an event quickly and instantly (Flavian: 2006: 231-247). Life in the future,
information technology, and telecommunications sector is the most dominant sector. Anyone
who has mastered this technology, he will become a leader in his world. This digital
revolution changes a person's perspective or behavior in consuming all the things that are
currently sophisticated. This digital revolution also has an impact on a person's lifestyle,
especially regarding accessing information. Information technology has many roles in fields
such as:
Field of education
Tony Bates (1995) states that technology can improve quality and reach if used wisely for
education and training, and has a fundamental meaning for economic welfare. From the
predictions and views of scholars above, it can be understood that with the influx of
globalization, future education will be more open and two-way, diverse, multidisciplinary,
and related to work productivity and at that time also competitive. The tendency of the world
of education in Indonesia in the future is:
•
The development of open education with distance learning mode. The ease of holding open
and long distance education needs to be included as the primary strategy.
•
Shared resource sharing between educational or training institutions in a network
•
Libraries & other educational instruments (teachers, laboratories) change functions to become
a source of information rather than just a bookshelf.
•
Use of interactive information technology devices, such as Multimedia CD-ROMs, inside
education gradually replaces TV and Video.
With the development of information technology in the field of education, it is now
possible to hold distance learning by using internet media to connect students with their
teachers, view student grades online, check finances, view class schedules, send assignment
files given by the teacher and so on, everything can be done. The main factor in distance
learning that has been considered a problem is the lack of interaction between teacher and
student. However, with internet media, it is possible to interact between teachers and students
in real time (real time) or not. In the form of real-time can be done for example in a chatroom,
direct interaction with real audio or real video, and online meetings. Not real time can be done
by mailing lists, discussion groups, newsgroups, and bulletin boards. By way of interaction,
the teacher and student in the class might be replaced even if not 100%. Material forms,
examinations, quizzes and other ways of education can also be implemented on the web, such
as teacher materials made in the form of presentations on the web and can be downloaded by
students. Likewise, the tests and quizzes made by the teacher can also be done in the same
way. Administrative settlement can also be completed directly in one registration process,
primarily supported by online payment methods.
In the Field of Government (e-government)
E-government refers to the use of information technology by governments, such as using
intranets and the internet, which can connect the needs of residents, businesses and other
activities. Can be a process of business transactions between the public and the government
through an automated system and internet network, more commonly known as the world wide
web. In essence, e-government is the use of information technology that can improve relations
between the government and other parties. The use of information technology then produces
new forms of relationships such as G2C (Government to Citizen), G2B (Government to
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Utilization of Information and Communication Technology In Recognizing Halal Food Products In
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Business), and G2G (Government to Government). The benefits of e-government that can be
felt include:
•
Better service to the community. Information can be provided 24 hours a day, seven days a
week, without having to wait for the office to open. Information can be searched from the
office, home, without having to come to the government office physically.
•
Increased relations between government, business people and the general public. With
transparency, it is expected that the relations between various parties will be better. This
openness eliminates mutual suspicion and resentment from all parties.
•
Community empowerment through information that is easily obtained. With sufficient
information, the community will learn to be able to make choices. For example, data on
schools: the number of classes, student capacity, the passing grade, etc. can be displayed
online and used by parents to choose the right school for his child.
•
The implementation of a more efficient government. For example, government coordination
can be done via e-mail or even video conference.
In a company customer satisfaction is key important, customer satisfaction is a long-term
strategy of a company that requires consumers both regarding funds and human resources.
Satisfaction is the level of consumer feelings obtained after consumers do or enjoy something.
Satisfaction theory states that if consumers are satisfied with the product or service, they will
give recommendations to others and feel proud of the product or service.
Benefits of Technology on HR
Technological developments can encourage people to utilize SDA more effectively and
efficiently. Humans can change the transportation and communication system to facilitate all
activities. The development of technology can improve the quality of human resources
(human skills and intelligence) because it opens the possibility of the availability of facilities
and infrastructure to support scientific activities. Also, it is also possible to increase prosperity
and increase human intelligence. Pressure, sharp competition in various aspects of life as a
consequence of globalization, will give birth to a generation that is disciplined, diligent and
hard-working.
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Consumer Behavior
Recognizing consumer behavior is not easy, they frankly state their needs and desires, but
often they act the opposite (Ekawati, 2010: 7). Consumer behavior is a study of decisionmaking processes by consumers in choosing, buying, using and utilizing products, services,
ideas or experiences in order to satisfy their needs and desires (Freddy Rangkuti, 2019: 93)
and recognizing that consumer behavior in a highly competitive global market today, total
management must be able to analyze consumer behavior in buying a particular product in the
global market. In discussing consumer behavior, many behaviors underlie someone taking a
purchasing decision for a product or service that must be studied by the market. Consumer
purchasing behavior is often initiated and influenced by most stimuli from within him, both in
the form of marketing stimuli and other environmental stimuli. These stimuli are then
processed within themselves according to the personal characteristics of consumers that are
used to process stimuli very complex and one of them is the motivation of consumers to buy
(A. A. Anwar Prabu Mangkunegara, 1998: 4)In analyzing consumer behavior, economists
usually posit (Kotler, 2013: 91)
•
Consumers already know for themselves what is needed and what they want to buy.
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•
That consumers can regulate (compare and sort) what is needed according to urgent interests.
•
That consumers try to reach the level of satisfaction as best as possible, optimal and
maximum.
•
That goods which one to a certain extent can replace other goods.
3.2. Halal Food
Halal means that it can be eaten may be used, the word "Halal" comes from the root word
which means "Release" or "Unbound" (Samsuri, tt: 252). Something that is lawful is that
which is detached from the bonds of world danger and "ukhrowi", the word halal also means
permissible. In the legal language this word covers everything that is permissible by religion,
whether it is a sunnah, a suggestion to do, "makhruh" (a suggestion to be left) or a change
(neutral) According to language is a case or action that is permitted, required, permitted, or
justified by Islamic shari'a. Whereas haram is a case or action that is required or not released
by Islamic law.
In Islam, the term halal is commonly used for actions, conversations, actions, and behaviors
that may be carried out by Islam without being subject to sin. As for haram, it is a case or
deed that has been established by Islamic law so that it is not carried out by Muslim believers,
and violations of the case are subject to sin. Islam attaches great importance to kindness and
cleanliness in all aspects. Regarding food and goods used, Muslims are instructed to eat and
use ingredients that are good, holy and clean.
The Arabic food is "tha'am." The definition of "tha'am" in terms means that everything that
can be eaten is used as a staple food, such as coarse wheat, fine wheat, and dates. Including in
this sense everything that grows from the earth in the form of plants, fruits, and animals that
can be eaten, both land animals and marine animals.
While drinks in Arabic are "syarab." While "syarab" is a term for everything that is drunk of
any kind, either water or otherwise, and under any circumstances, everything that is not
chewed to swallow it is called a drink (Fida 'Yazid: 2014: 21). The jurists sometimes use the
word "ath'imah" to refer to everything that is eaten and drunk, except water and intoxicating
drinks. The law of origin of food is lawful until there is a proposition that forbids it.
The definition of halal food according to Islam is food that is allowed or allowed to be eaten,
this is according to the provisions of Islamic law. We discuss halal food from the side of
Islam, the distribution of halal food as follows (Halomuda, 2016):
•
Halal Food According to the Substance
For the first type of halal food, this is halal food which is seen from its substance. In other
words, the food or drink comes from halal ingredients, for examples like fish, beef, chicken,
vegetables, rice, and water.
•
Halal Food According to How to Get It
The second type of halal food is halal food according to how to get it. In this case, the
basic ingredients of food and drink must be obtained from something that is lawful or legal. In
other words, the ingredients of food and beverages must be obtained honestly and lawfully.
Halal food from the business obtained, such as:
•
Halal food from work obtained from other businesses such as working as a laborer,
farmer, employee, handyman, driver.
•
Halal food from beggars is given sincerely, but the work is lawful, but God hates it like a
busker.
•
Halal food from the results of alms, zakat, infaq, gifts, tasyakuran, walimah, inheritance,
will.
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•
•
Halal food from spoils of war is food obtained in war (ghoniyah).
Halal food according to the processing method
Halal food is food that when processed with food that is not mixed with unclean food, but
if it is mixed with something that contains illicit substances, the food is not halal for
consumption. In this case, the means of providing halal food tourism that provides halal food
is critical to encourage the number of tourist visits.Foods that are halal thoyyibah or halal and
good and nutritious are indeed beneficial for us, both for physical and spiritual needs. The
results of halal food drinks are very blessing, barakah does not mean that there are many,
although a little, but the money is enough to meet daily needs and also highly nutritious.
Useful for body growth and brain development. As with the results and types of goods that
are indeed unclean, although there are many, but not blessings, then Allah makes it difficult
for him so that the money is wasted a lot until it runs out in a short time
3.3. Utilization of Information Technology in Meeting Halal Needs
Interest in the use of information technology is defined as the level of desire or intention of
users to use the system continuously with the assumption that they have access to
information. A person will be interested in using a new information technology if the user
believes that using information technology will improve his performance, using information
technology can be done quickly, and the user gets the influence of the surrounding
environment in using the information technology (Jati, N, J 2012). In order to study halal food
in the city of Medan, every Muslim person can see and check directly through the MUI
website regularly updated without a specific period; information updates can be at any time if
deemed necessary. Halal information posted on the halal website is only info on halal
certification conducted by MUI Medan itself, while info regarding other halal products can be
seen on the central MUI website. MUI Medan City has its laboratory in its office, precisely on
the 3rd floor of the MUI office building in Medan City Jl. Nusantara No. 3 Kotamatsum III
sub-districts in Medan Kota sub-district, Medan. There are tools used in examining these food
products, including:
•
AAS
•
GCMS,
•
Spectrophotometry
•
HPLC
Not all food products must pass laboratory tests. Only raw materials are considered
critical that pass laboratory tests, especially nowadays, almost all raw materials for food
products sold in the market are halal certified, so that in the process of halal certification food
products become younger For example in bread making, currently flour, margarine,
developers, softeners, sweeteners, dyes and solvents even to the smallest extent such as salt
are halal certified, so laboratory tests are no longer carried out. MUI is an independent
institution, but to implement halal certification which has been handled by LPPOM MUI, we
collaborate with various parties to support efforts to protect Muslims from non-halal products,
for example:
•
MUI Medan city in collaboration with PD Pasar Kota Medan in counseling and inspection of
the slaughter of animals (cattle/poultry/ goats) in traditional markets throughout the city of
Medan.
•
MUI also works with barista / research centers if there are raw materials for products that need
to test the lab with tools that we do not have.
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Related to legal products, MUI and the Regional Representative Council of Medan City
and the mayor of Medan have given birth to 1 Perda concerning the supervision of Halal and
Hygienic Products, namely Perda No. 10 of 2017.
4. CONCLUSION
Technological progress is something that we cannot avoid in this life because technological
progress will go according to the advancement of science. Technological development is
indeed essential. Every innovation is created to provide positive benefits for human life.
Providing much convenience and as a new way of doing human activities. Especially in the
field of technology, the community has enjoyed many benefits brought about by innovations
that have been produced in the last decade. It includes the fulfillment of basic human needs,
utilization of natural resources, ease of communication and transportation, improvement of
health care facilities and drug technology, the field of education and the achievement of the
prosperity of human life. In addition to consuming halal food for each consumer, they have
been able to access through internet media related to the status of a food, so as not to cause
doubt.
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