International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)
Volume 10, Issue 01, January 2019, pp. 1246-1250, Article ID: IJMET_10_01_126
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=1
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
Min Hyang Park RN, PhD
Professor, Department of Nursing Science Chungbuk Health & Science University, Cheongju,
Repulblic of Korea
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to review the effect that simulation training programs for emergency situations involving newborn babies have on nursing students’ clinical performance. Opportunities for nursing students to clinically practice what they learned are on the decrease. Even if they take part in practice, they are usually limited to simple tasks or observation. Given this reality, there is an urgent need to develop new measures to improve their clinical practice ability. The low fertility rate that is worsening over time and the difficulty in operating an intensive care unit for newborn babies has led to a decrease in such departments, leading to difficulties experienced by a number of universities in allocating clinical training venues. After conducting a survey on the needs regarding training themes in the nursing of newborn babies, simulation training programs would have to be developed based on themes where the needs are the highest.
Keywords : Simulation Education, Emergency Situation, Newborn Babies
Cite this Article : Min Hyang Park RN, PhD, Simulation Education For Korean
Nursing Students Concerning Emergency Situations of Newborn Babies, International
Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology , 10(01), 2019, pp. 1246-1250. http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=1
The purpose of nursing education is to train nurses with knowledge and technique needed in various complex clinical settings so that they can carry out clinical practices in a smooth matter(1),(2). The lack of clinical practice ability in students majoring in nursing have long been consisted. Lack of practice ability and adjustability of new nurses in clinical settings has also been pointed out as issues(3),(4). The number of students admitted to nursing departments as of 2011 was 15,338 across Korea(5). The rapid increase in the number of admitted nursing students has led to difficulty in assigning clinical practice venues and a lack
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1246 editor@iaeme.com

Min Hyang Park RN, phD of clinical practice professors, which are factors making it difficult for nursing practice training(6).
There were also cases where students majoring in nursing were assigned to clinical cases without practice experience(7). This has led to undermined knowledge and practice abilities in new nurses who lack clinical practice experience, as well as stress(8). This makes it necessary to provide opportunities where students can experience in person clinical situations and practice what they learned.
To overcome the limits of such clinical practice training, many studies have been undertaken on instruction methods at home and abroad(9). One of the most notable changes in measures to establish an environment similar to a clinical setting and operate a practice is the application of simulation education(10). Well-designed simulation training has the advantage of making possible repeated experience and practice in a safe environment. Cases that are difficult to treat can also be experienced, and through debriefing, students can have selfreflection(11). Learners become more familiar with nursing work through simulation training in an environment similar to a clinical setting and see their confidence improved, too. (12)
The advantages of such training have been verified through studies on simulation training applied to nursing studies, on development and evaluation of curricula, (13)on emergency nursing training,(14) on application in mother-child nursing care(15), on pediatric patients with fever visiting the emergency room and on studies of application to standardized patients(16). But compared to other fields of study, those on simulation related to emergency situations involving pediatric nursing care and especially newborns, are lacking. Nursing of newborn babies occurs in a very complex and dynamic environment. The passage of time for treatment greatly affects the prognosis of the newborn baby.
Anderson and Warren(17), as well as Kassab and Kenner(18) emphasized that simulation training is one of the best strategies to improve clinical practice abilities in emergency situations involving newborns. Therefore, educational institutions need to develop methods to improve the learners’ abilities in an environment similar to a clinical setting to more efficiently cope with emergency situations.
One of the most common emergency situations involving newborns in Korea is the difficulty of breathing immediately following birth(19). In 2005, out of 1,025 deaths in newborn babies,
181 were due to difficulty in breathing, while in 2009, out of a total of 771 deaths of newborns, 198 were due to difficulty in breathing making it account for the largest share of cause of death. Asphyxia which is the cause of breathing failure refers to a situation where immediately after birth the newborn baby experiences a lack of oxygen, leading to difficulty or a stop in breathing. The term is widely used to refer to newborn asphyxia as well as neurological aftermath including learning disorders or cerebral palsy(20).
In a rapidly changing medical environment, the need for nurses to understand various clinical cases, analyze them and make prompt and reasonable judgment is increasing. Therefore, the focus of training and education, too, need to be on not only improving knowledge but also clinical practice ability. Clinical practice ability refers to the ability to appropriately apply the necessary knowledge, judgment and technique in a clinical environment. Since the ultimate goal of nursing practice training is to improve clinical practice ability, education measures to meet this goal are needed(21). http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1247 editor@iaeme.com

Simulation Education For Korean Nursing Students Concerning Emergency Situations of
Newborn Babies
Many universities use the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and Clinical
Performance Examination (CPX) in their practice education. OSCE has the advantage of being designed in various forms such as small-scale scenarios, interactions with various body models and equipment and communication with patients(22).
Applying OSCE to medical students led to improved clinical practice ability, improved the confidence of new nurses and helped them compile nursing knowledge with practice skills. Such results have been reported consistently since the OSCE was developed.
Meanwhile, studies that analyzed the factors affecting the clinical practice ability of students majoring in nursing studies found that higher year students, compared to lower year students, students with better grades than those with lower grandes, and students more satisfied with their major than those with lower satisfaction showed statistically significant better performance. Moreover, satisfaction with clinical training, self-led learning and practice performance were found to have a positive correlation. Students who were more active in school life(23), and those who had more tendency of critical thinking showed better clinical performance.
As seen above, in order to ensure that nursing students are equipped with proper skills after graduation, various factors affecting their clinical performance need to be identified and reflected onto practice training to develop an education program that can meet the practice goals
In accordance with changing educational needs, nursing studies have added clinical practice training, problem-solving education and web-based education to the exsiting lecture-focused education(24). Simulation types used in nursing education include high fidelity simulators such as SimMan™, SimBaby™ and Noelle™, in addition to training using simple mannequins for practicing muscular injections, subcutaneous injections, insertion of urine bags, or cardiac massage, as well as simulation training for communicating with standardized patients or drafting scenarios.
Many studies report a positive report after operating a simulation training. In the U.K., after simulation training on nursing students, 77.4% of learners saw an improvement in overall caring abilities and realized that the most important thing was ‘the safety of patients’.(25) In Korea, simulation-based cardiac emergency nursing training was conducted on new nurses and found an improvement in knowledge and clinical performance, After having nursing students undergo training on intensive care patients using MicroSim Ⓡ , an improvement of academic achievement and clinical performance were reported. Students who experienced simulation training felt less psychological burden in that the situation was virtual and experienced less anxiety.
They were also assessed to have not just seen an improvement in technique but also in taking in more efficiently the theoretical knowledge. Compared to lecture-oriented training methods, simulations helped bring together the knowledge, technique, values and attitude of the learner, and their satisfaction with the training was also higher (26).
Preceding studies indicate that simulation training, while posing difficulties in terms of human resources, the environment and finances, had a positive effect on the students’ knowledge, performance, academic achivement, problem-solving skills, self-efficacy and satisfaction with practice. Based on these findings, educational institutions of nursing were also using simulation training methods for more efficient practice training. http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1248 editor@iaeme.com

Min Hyang Park RN, phD
This study was conducted to review the effect that simulation training programs for emergency situations involving newborn babies have on nursing students’ clinical performance.
Opportunities for nursing students to clinically practice what they learned are on the decrease. Even if they take part in practice, they are usually limited to simple tasks or observation. Given this reality, there is an urgent need to develop new measures to improve their clinical practice ability. The low fertility rate that is worsening over time and the difficulty in operating a intensive care unit for newborn babies has led to a decrease in such departments, leading to difficulties experienced by a number of universities in allocating clinical training venues. However, since intensive care units for newborns have nurses and not parents, handle caring and nursing, having well trained nurses is essential. Since issues related to the adjustment, performance and turnover of new nurses have been pointed out by many studies, it is necessary to establish a training method that can complement the clinical practice sessions in intensive care units for newborn babies.
A review of preceding studies as above indicates that simulation training programs for emergency nursing of newborn babies can help overcome the challenges of clinical practice training and improve the quality and expertise of nursing education.
After conducting a survey on the needs regarding training themes in the nursing of newborn babies, simulation training programs would have to be developed based on themes where the needs are the highest.
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