International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)
Volume 10, Issue 01, January 2019, pp. 1033–1043, Article ID: IJMET_10_01_107
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=01
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359
© IAEME Publication
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AN INVESTIGATIVE STUDY ON THE
APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT STATISTICAL
TOOLS AND METHODS FOR OPTIMIZING THE
HOLE MACHINING ON POLYMER MATRIX
COMPOSITES – A REVIEW
Naveen Guruputranavar
M.Tech. in Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of
Higher Education, Manipal- 576104, India
Dr. Sathish Rao U*
Faculty, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of
Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal - 576104, India.
*corresponding author
ABSTRACT
Machining is one of the unavoidable operation after the processing of any type of
material. Because of the advancement in the technology and innovation in the materials
area, the composite materials are replacing and occupying the traditional materials
market rapidly. Among these composite materials, the Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
composite materials are found to be technically and structurally competitive and are
widely used in a number of engineering industrial applications. The machining of these
composites is found to be a complex phenomenon due to the influence of a number of
machining and material parameters related to machining. Since drilling is the most
frequently applied machining operation on composites, many research works were done
on the drilling of composites, which resulted in numerous parameters that have influence
on the drilling operation, impact on work material and cutting tool damage, cost of
machining, material removal rate etc. So, at the background, it was thought to have a
review on the issues related to drilling on the composite materials, which could help the
manufacturing sectors and researchers in order to enhance the productivity. Thus the aim
of this technical paper is to provide a detailed study of various issues related to drilling
of FRP composite materials. This paper also comprehensively addresses the success and
the failures of drilling operations, the factors associated with the drilling operation, their
impact on the various output parameters. In addition, this review paper also discusses
about the influences of a number of machining parameters and their influence on
machining.
Key Words: Fiber Reinforced Polymer, delamination, ANOVA, GFRP, CFRP, DoE.
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An Investigative Study on the Application of Different Statistical Tools and Methods for Optimizing the
Hole Machining on Polymer Matrix Composites – A Review
Cite this Article: Naveen Guruputranavar and Dr. Sathish Rao U, an Investigative Study
on the Application of Different Statistical Tools and Methods for Optimizing the Hole
Machining on Polymer Matrix Composites – A Review, International Journal of
Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 10(01), 2019, pp.1033–1043
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&Type=01
1. INTRODUCTION
The use of composite material has increased in the recent years and will increase in the future in
various areas of science and technology. The fabricated composite material can be converted into
a real time application only after making it to pass through secondary machining processes such
as drilling, grinding, edge shaping, facing are used. Out of all these machining process, drilling
is one of the most frequently used and secondary operation for near net shaped components and
assembly section in many industries. Bahr and Sudhakaran, (1998) in their research paper stated
that, in the aircraft final assembly section 60 % of components are to be rejected due to the
delamination effect on drilled hole and a small aircraft engine has to be drilled with around
100,000 holes for its assembly. So, considering these research finding, nowadays most of the
industrial applications using composites have Epoxy and E glass material as matrix and
reinforcement materials respectively for fibrous polymer composites. This is due to their thermal
and mechanical properties according to the research work carried out by Shanmugesh and
Panneerselvam (2016). Composite materials are also used abundantly due to high damping,
corrosion resistance, and thermal expansion carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites are used
in functional and structural applications as per the study carried out by Krishnamurthy et al.
(2009). The minimum damage is produced on Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite (GFRC), when
they are drilled by high speed machining according to the research work of Rubio et al. (2009).
Because of some of the discrete characteristics like heterogeneity, anisotropy and high
abrasiveness of fibers, machining of composite materials became a very complex task as per the
research work of Davin.J.P, Reis.P, Antonio.C.C, (2004). Delamination, fiber pull-out, hole
shrinkage, spalling, fuzzing and thermal degradation are some the problems encountered during
drilling of composite material. Delamination is usually the limiting factor during the drilling of
composite material. Therefore, during machining of such materials study of its accuracy and
efficiency has to be done in a most appropriate manner as per the research work of Khashaba et
al. (2011). Applications of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) composite material are found
in areas such as aerospace, aircraft, automobile and sport goods because of properties like high
specific strength, high specific modulus of elasticity, light weight, corrosion resistance. In
composites, two or more constituents are taken so that superior property of either of the materials
is taken to its advantage according to the research work of Palanikumar (2011). During fastening
for assembly of laminates, drilling is most commonly used machining operation. In such cases,
the quality of the drilled hole is influenced by cutting condition, tool geometry, tool material,
machining process, chip formation, work piece material, tool wear and vibration during cutting,
etc. as per the research work of Mohan et al. (2005).
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Since drilling is a complex operation due to the simultaneous movement of the drill bit in the
liner and rotational direction in to the work piece material, it was thought to have a detailed study
of the drilling operation with reference to drill parameters, hole quality etc., which could lead to
enhance the productivity of the manufacturing firms and to help the researchers through the
application of different statistical tools. So, in the following section, a review study was made by
discussing a number of literatures available in each of these areas.
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2.1. Influence of drill process parameters in composite machining
Due to drilling-induced-delamination, it is a challenging task to carry-out drilling operation on
GFRP. In order to increase the drilling efficiency, it is very important to understand the drilling
parameter such as speed, feed and depth of cut. The improper selection of the drill process
parameters produce many defective holes such as fiber pullout drilling operation, thermal
gradient due to uneven bonding, stress concentration on drilled hole, fiber – matrix bonding, fiber
cracking, pealing and delamination. S.Raghunath et al. (2017) studied drilling delamination factor
on fiber reinforced polymer composites. The influence of process parameters, material
parameters, types of fabrication and optimization techniques were discussed. From this study, the
feed rate was considered to be one of the most influential controllable factors among all the
process parameters such as applied load, sliding distance, drill bit diameter, point angle, and
chisel edge. Ashish et al. (2016) carried out Full Factorial Design (FFD) experiments on chopped
GFRP to evaluate Delamination Factor (DF) by studying process parameters. From the analysis
it was observed that the Feed Rate and, the Point Angle (% contribution = 69.84%) have statistical
and physical significance on the DF at entry and the Cutting Speed does not have statistical
significance on DF at entry. From the DF analysis at the exit the same results were observed.
Amuthakkannan et al. (2016) carried out experimental research on Basalt fiber reinforced
polymer composites using Taguchi design of experiment to investigate the effects of drilling
parameters such as spindle speed [2500, 2750, 3000 rpm], feed rate (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mm/rev) and
point angle (90°, 118°, 135°). A series of experiments based on L9 orthogonal arrays are
conducted to determine the delamination factor. It was observed that speed and point angles are
highly influencing parameters than feed rate for the delamination of the basalt fiber reinforced
polymer composites. Babu.R.S et.al (2015) studies were based on the established Taguchi’s
technique L9 orthogonal array. Drilling parameters were considered which will end up with
machining time, surface finish and material removal rate. The results indicated that, cutting speed
parameter had more influence of around 80% on surface roughness, feed parameter contributed
a maximum of 66% on machining timing and feed parameter had the most contribution of 64%
for Material Removal Rate. Murthy et al. (2015) in their research paper studied the influence of
process parameters on the quality of hole in drilling of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP)
composites. The results have shown that the drill geometry has major influence on the quality of
drilled hole in comparison to drill size, work-piece thickness, volume fraction, fiber orientation,
speed and feed. Babu and Tom Sunny (2013) studied the delamination of composite material
during drilling operation using Taguchi’s L25, 5-level orthogonal array and analysis of variance
(ANOVA) to analyze the experimental data and concluded that at high spindle speeds (1000rpm2500rpm), the delamination increases and with high feed rate (100mm/min-400mm/min) the
delamination decreases. The delamination at high speeds increases due to increase in thrust force
which in turn generate severe heat and softens the fiber and matrix. The ANOVA results revealed
that feed rate is the main parameter that influence the delamination. Ketan Jagtap et al. (2015)
studied the effect of cutting parameters on the delamination during milling process. According to
the results by Taguchi’s analysis, the drill material and spindle speed have predominant effect on
delamination of drilled hole. They also found that good hole quality can be obtained during
drilling of carbides. Kilickap (2010) studied the influence of cutting parameters and point angle
on delamination produced during drilling of GFRP. According to ANOVA, feed rate is the main
parameter influencing the delamination. Minimum damage can be achieved at lower speeds. The
delamination factor is small at 1180 than at 1350 point angle. Khashab and El-Keranc (2017)
investigated the influence of cutting speed and feed on cutting temperature, thrust force, torque,
delamination factor, surface roughness and bearing strength in drilling thin woven glass-fiber
reinforced epoxy (GFRE) composites. With the increase in feed, the thrust force, torque and
delamination factors were increased. Sorrentino et al. (2018) studied the influence of the cutting
parameters for drilling both GFRP and CFRP. The results highlighted that the thrust force
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Hole Machining on Polymer Matrix Composites – A Review
increases with the increase in the cutting speed and feed rate. Push-out delamination factor was
always higher than the peel-up delamination factor. Khashaba et al. (2012) studied the effect of
drilling parameters on the machinability parameters in drilling woven GFR. The outcomes of the
process was that the drill point acted as the punch that pierced the laminate irrespective of the
thrust force with approximately constant push-out delamination size even at high feed rates. The
increase in pre-wear due to the generated heat, increased the surface roughness. High feed rate
reduced the stiffness and also its ultimate bearing load. The bearing strength of drilled holes was
predicted by the development of artificial neural network and multivariable regression models.
Madhavan, and Prabu (2012) studied the effect of thrust force during drilling of Carbon Fiber
Reinforced Polymer Composite laminates using HSS, Solid carbide and poly crystalline diamond
insert drills using Taguchi design of experiments. ANOVA model was developed to reveal that
the type of drill and feed rate are the major factors that influenced the thrust force. Irrespective
of the drills used, medium cutting speed and feed rate provided optimum thrust force. El-Sonbaty
et al. (2004) investigated the influence of thrust force, torque and surface roughness during the
drilling of Fiber Reinforced Composite material. The thrust force raised quickly when the chisel
edge came in contact with the work material and when the cutting lip engaged in the machining,
the torque increased rapidly. The thrust force gradually decreased during the full engagement and
then dropped to zero when the chisel edge and cutting lip exit the laminate. Vinod kumar and
Venkateswarlu (2014) worked to optimize the process parameters in the drilling of GFRP. The
result denoted that feed rate influenced the thrust force followed by speed, chisel edge width and
point angle. Cutting speed affected the torque, speed and circularity of the hole followed by feed,
chisel edge and point angle. Mohan et al. (2017) analyzed the surface roughness and machine
time to investigate the machining characteristics of GFRP composite tube with various process
parameters and fiber orientation. To determine the optimal levels of parameters, ANalysis Of
Means (ANOM) was performed and to identify the influence of machining parameters on surface
roughness, ANalysis Of Variance (ANOVA) was employed. Taguchi technique and ANOVA
were employed to obtain the optimized turning parameter in GFRP machining.
2.2. Influence of Surface Roughness on Hole Quality
Surface finish plays an important role in deciding the quality of the hole. Delamination is a major
problem in obtaining an essential surface finish. In addition to this, features like fatigue load,
precision fit, fastener hole, and aesthetic are also important in formulating the surface finish.
Hamzeb Shahrajabian et al. (2012) studied the effect of machining parameter and tool geometry
during drilling operation on carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite. ANalysis Of Variance
(ANOVA) was performed to obtain surface roughness, delamination factor and thrust force
values. According to the results, with higher cutting speed and lower feed, it is possible to get a
better surface finish and lower thrust force. With the increase in spindle speed and tool angle, the
delamination faction decreases. Biren Desai et al. (2013) reported an experimental investigation
of solid carbide coated drill of point angle 60o and helix angle of 30o on CFRP laminate by varying
the drilling parameter like spindle speed and feed rate to determine optimum cutting conditions.
According to ANOVA which was carried out for hole quality parameter and their contribution
rates, spindle speed and feed are the most effective parameters while measuring circularity and
hole size respectively. Pradeep kumar and Packiaraj (2012) studied the effect of drilling
parameters on Oil Hardened Non Shrinking (OHNS) steel for surface roughness. The researchers
utilized Taguchi method for investigation. It was found that feed and speed were the important
parameters to control surface roughness, tool wear, material removal rate and hole diameter.
Kumar Abhishek et al. (2013) considered machining performance characteristics such as material
removal rate, surface finish and tool-tip temperature for experimentation. A mathematical model
was developed to predict the performance characteristics using the central composites design. It
was found that 95% confidence intervals proved to be beneficiary in saving time and cost.
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Mustafa et al. (2009) studied the optimum surface finish and hole diameter accuracy by Taguchi
method. The parameters analyzed were cutting speed, feed rate, depth of drilling and different
drilling tools. To analyze the effect of drilling parameters on surface finish and hole diameter
accuracy, orthogonal array of Taguchi, the signal-to-noise ratio, ANOVA and regression analysis
were employed. The respective results were obtained for different coated tools for dry drilling
operation and coated tools observed to perform better. Fernandez-Perez et al. (2017) analyzed the
influence of cutting parameters on the hole quality and tool wear while drilling CFRP material.
The tool wear was found similar in all the four conditions followed by the progressive abrasive
wear. The hole quality was found to be better with the higher cutting speed and feed which
reduced the level of wear at the cutting geometry and also delayed the delamination appearance.
Shunmugesh.K et al. (2014) carried out experiment cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut to
find the optimum cutting parameter that affected the surface finish using ANOVA tool. The
results obtained indicated that depth of cut was the most influenced parameter second was cutting
speed and then feed. Srikant and Rao (2014) studied the factors affecting the material removal
rate during abrasive jet machining of FRP composite using Response Surface Methodology. For
data analysis, ANOVA tool was used. Experimental factors such as Degree of freedom, Abrasive
flow rate, Nozzle diameter, and MRR were considered. The study showed that the performance
characteristics were improved by using these statistical tools and methods. Rama Rao and
Padmanabhan (2012) studied the influence of process parameters such as voltage, feed rate and
electrolyte concentration on material removal rate during Electro Chemical Machining (ECM)
and used Taguchi and ANOVA methodology to obtain the optimized result. The result showed
that the process parameters affected material removal rate while machining composites.
Maximum material rate was 0.131 g/min and was calculated using the Taguchi optimization
method. There was an increase in material removal rate with the increase in voltage, feed rate and
electrolyte concentration. Sachin Ghalme et al. (2016) aimed to carry-out experiment on
optimization of machine parameters to minimize surface roughness during milling operations on
GFRP composites. The parameters considered for the analysis were cutting speed, depth of cut
and feed rate. The Design of experiment (DOE), Taguchi tools were used for the analysis. The
results showed that the feed rate has more influence on the surface finish followed by cutting
speed and depth of cut.
2.3. Influence of Delamination on hole quality
When both top surface and bottom surfaces are exposed, delamination is a major concern.
Delamination occurs both at entrance and exit plane of the work piece. Mohan et.al (2006) studied
the factors and combination of factors that influenced the delamination of GFRP composites
using Taguchi and response surface methodology. The results of the study concluded that the
systematic methodology provided by Taguchi resulted in minimizing the delamination and to
achieve optimized machining conditions that would result in minimum delamination. The optimal
parameters i.e., feed, cutting speed, drill tool diameter and material thickness were determined
based on S/N ratio. Patil and Gurule (2013) investigated the cutting parameters such as cutting
speed, feed rate point angle and material thickness that influence the delamination while drilling
GFRP composites. It was found that at lower cutting speed and lower feed rate, the damage on
un-directional GFRP composites are smaller while on multi-directional GFRP composites was
higher. When compared with multi-directional GFRP composites, damages are minimal in
unidirectional composites. Liew et al. (2012) studied the factors such as drill diameter, speed and
feed rate. Mathematical models were developed for delamination and statistical significance of
the parameter and their interactions on the delamination were determined. The parameters
affecting delamination were speed and feed rate and ANOVA showed strong interaction between
these two variables. Reduction in Delamination was found by increase in drilling speed and
decrease in feed rate. Tsao and Hocheng (2003) statistically and experimentally studied the effect
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Hole Machining on Polymer Matrix Composites – A Review
of chisel edge length and pilot hole diameter while machining GFRP composites. They correlated
the delamination in drilling to the thrust force of the drill during the drilling of the composite
material. The results indicated that the drilling thrust can be reduced by cancelling the chisel edge
effect and the critical thrust force is reduced by having a pre-drilled hole. A large hole with higher
feed rate can be drilled in a composite material without the delamination damage by controlling
the chisel edge length ratio. Selvan et al. (2015) studied the effect of the machining parameters
on the delamination during the drilling of holes using Taguchi method to obtain the optimized
value. The results showed that the tool diameter plays an important role during the entry of hole
and during the exit of the hole, the speed and feed plays a significant role. Kishore et al. (2008)
studied the parameters such as cutting speed, the feed rate and the drill point geometry on the
residual tensile strength of the GFRP component. The residual tensile strength is severely affected
by the high cutting speed. Shunmugesh (2014) presented the optimization of cutting condition
such as delamination factor and surface roughness. The results indicated that the surface
roughness is influenced by the spindle speed, point angle and feed rate.
3. OPTIMIZATION METHODS AND TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED BY
THE RESEARCH WORK
Krishnamurthy et al. (2009) observed that Taguchi orthogonal array L9 was mostly used find
optimal level of parameter among the other selected parameter through minimum number of
experiments on glass fiber reinforced polymer composites. The obtained results were analyzed
by S/N ratio, in that “lower-is-better” was the most suitable for the response. Because, it was to
minimizing effect on composites. Campus Rubio et al. (2008) carried out experiments on the E
glass fiber with Epoxy resin composites using a Taguchi L27 orthogonal array technique for
optimizing the process parameters effectively. This study also viewed interaction properties
between the parameters. The predicted and experimental values were very close to each other
because of the efficiently developed multi regression model. Vipan kumar et al. (2013) used
Taguchi and ANNOVA techniques to determine the optimum level of process parameters on
GFRP composite materials. The minimum delamination occurred on low level (5 mm) drill size,
low level feed rate (0.02mm/rev.) and mean level of spindle speed (1440 rpm). Mustafa et al.
(2016) applied Taguchi orthogonal L18 design for optimizing drilling process parameter on glass
fiber reinforced plastic composites. The controlled factors were drill diameter, feed rate and
spindle speed. The surface condition of composite was taken as one of the response. The S/N
ratio were calculated from the delamination factors. The result showed that the feed rate was the
most significant factor followed by drill diameter, spindle speed and surface condition. Bhatnagar
et al. (2004) employed the Response surface methodology techniques to optimize effect of
drilling delamination on carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites. In RSM, the Box–Behnken
design was used to design the number of experiments and to develop the empirical model. This
model was used to predict the interaction results without conducing experiment test on glass fiber
reinforced plastic composites. Davim et al. (2007), Singh and Bhatnagar (2006), Kilikap (2010),
in their research carried out experimental work on GFRP using carbide grade K20 helical drill bit
of 5 mm diameter to optimize the process parameters in drilling of GFRP composites. They used
Taguchi analysis with multi objective optimization techniques on fiber reinforced polymer
composites to determine the significant factor for minimizing delamination effect. Enemouh et
al. (2001), used RSM techniques to optimizing machining parameter on ytterbium fiber. During
machining, the parameters namely laser power, modulation frequency, gas pressure, wait time,
pulse width are considered with different level. The aim of this paper was to maximizing metal
removal rate (MMR). In RSM – CCD method used to design 31 numbers of experiments and
mathematical model were developed for predicting response results. Arindam and Alakesh
(2013), carried out experiments to find out the influencing factors in the machining of metal
matrix composutes composites.From the ANOVA analysis, the wait time and modulation
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frequency were found to be the most influential factor for response. The interaction effects
between the selected parameters explained with the help of 3-D surface plots. [50]
Rajamurugan et al. (2013) designed Central composite rotatable design for setting up
experimental design with 30 number of experiments by considering four factor namely spindle
speed, tool feed rate, drill diameter and fiber orientation angle with five levels on GFRPC. From
this analysis fiber orientation is not that much effect produced on delamination and found that the
tool feed rate is most influential factor. .Shunmugesh et al. (2014) integrated Taguchi and
Response surface methodology to study the effect of process parameters on GFRP composite
machining. Rajamurugan et al. (2013) measured the tensile strength after drilling flax natural
fiber composites. The two level three factors (spindle speed, feed rate and drill point geometry).
Taguchi L8 designs are employed to identify significant factor. From the S/N ratio, the feed rate
is one of influential factor followed by spindle speed and drill point geometry. From ANOVA
technique, the feed rate was occupying 74% effect on response. Abdul et al. (2015) in their work
have optimized the wet milling process parameters on nano particle by integration of Taguchi
and RSM methods. In addition to that a Genetic algorithm were employed and it was found to
give most optimal parameter for machining of composites. Tung-Hsu Hou et al. (2007)
investigated the effect of process parameters on the delamination of medium density fiber board
by taguchi techniques and obtained the 37 % & 39.2% contribution of feed rate and cutting speed
on delamination respectively. Gaitonde et al. (2008) carried out the reaming operation to check
the interaction effect of cutting parameters on the delamination of GFR composites. Kilicap
(2010) observed that the delamination factor at exit was more than the entry panel of drill tool.
The main reason of this variation is due to the adjusted layer is product the delamination effect at
the entry level(top layer of composites) on drilling and at the same time the bottom layer is pulled
out from the adjutant layer due to the direction of cutting force. In other words the top layer is
compressed to nearby layer and bottom layer is pulled from the composites. Rajesh Kumar Verma
et.al (2011) studied optimization with different process environment on randomly oriented GFRP
polymer composite rods during machining. During the study, a modeling approach based on
fuzzy rule based expert system was used with two input variable and one output i.e. MultiPerformance Characteristic Index (MPCI) combined with Taguchi method to satisfy conflicting
requirements of material removal rate and surface roughness of machined composite product.
Using this, a multi-response optimization problem was converted into an equivalent single
objective optimization problem which was then solved by using Taguchi philosophy. By using
the fuzzy rule it was easy to investigate the degree of influence of various process control factors,
and accuracy in predicting the model analysis could be improved. Ramkumar et.al (2004) studied
the effect of work piece vibration on GFRP laminate by using three types of drills, those are
tipped WC, 2-flute solid carbide and 3-flute solid carbide. By giving a small amplitude low
frequency vibration to work piece, the drill performance and hole quality improves and the
delamination reduces. Among the three types of drills, 3-flute solid carbide performed the best.
3. DISCUSSION
The outcomes of the above review revealed that, (i) the influence of the machining parameters
such as spindle speed / cutting speed, and feed rate over the thrust force and surface roughness is
more compared to other responses. (ii) Delamination of GFRP composite material is mainly
influenced and determined by the feed rate and drill tool diameter. (iii) All these parameters have
major contribution over the quality of the hole, the cutting speed is inversely proportional to the
thrust force and torque. This paper have provided a literature review on the drilling of polymer
matrix composite machining over the last 10 years with a specific focus on the process of
conventional drilling. GFRP widely used for aeronautical, manufacturing aircraft and spacecraft
structural applications requires an inevitable secondary processing of GFRP machining. As per
the work material is concerned, glass fiber reinforced polymer, composites have been equally
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An Investigative Study on the Application of Different Statistical Tools and Methods for Optimizing the
Hole Machining on Polymer Matrix Composites – A Review
investigated with conventional high speed steel twist drill which are used in equal to cemented,
and tungsten carbide drills. With enhancement in the usage of the machining of FRP, machining
has become a major concern in present situations. Unfortunately, the present knowledge and art
of machining seems inadequate for economical utilization. Therefore an expert system based on
fuzzy rule combined with Taguchi method are being used nowadays to fine tune the process
parameter optimization as discussed in the previous section.
4. CONCLUSIONS
This review work on fiber reinforced polymer composites under the influential factor is
effectively studied. From the above work it is concluded as follows,
The delamination factor is one of the major damage caused to the machined hole in
the drilling of composite materials. The delamination effect was found to be due to
the compression action taking place between the fiber at entry level and bush out of
fibers happening at exit level of drill bit.
The feed rate is one of the most significant factor over the other process parameters
that influence the quality of the drilled hole.
The delamination effect on FRP composites can be reduced by proper selection of
parameters and its level.
To minimizing thermal deviation on drilling, the small size hole is preferred as
compare to large size of hole, because of reducing contact between tool and work.
For predicting the response values effectively within the experimental work and
cutting tool conditions, suitable empirical model, and optimization techniques are to
be followed.
Also, the above literature review shows that various traditional machining optimization
techniques like Taguchi technique and response surface methodology along with advanced
technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) are being applied successfully in industrial
applications to optimize the process parameters. A successful approach for optimal setting of the
process factors has been revealed by the optimization technique through a number of
experimental research. In industries, the process or product can be made insensitive to any
uncontrollable factors by using Taguchi and response surface methodology which are robust
design techniques for optimizing the machining of composite materials.
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