Fossils: SciOly 2019
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1.
Index Fossil
fossils of organisms that only lived in one time period and were widespread & common - useful for dating rock
2.
Phylum
Foraminifera
(Forams)
3.
Order
Fusulinida
(Fusulinids)
Kingdom protozoa - cambrian to recent - protozoans - hard outer shell of calcite or sediment - most less than 1mm make up some marine sediments
Age Range - Carboniferous Epoch to Permian period.
4.
Genus
Nummulites
stratigraphic age range: Eocene-Miocene
SINGLE-CELLULAR
This specimen is a useful index fossil for which geologic epoch: Eocene
This members of this specimens Genus comprise the limestone in what manmade structures? THE GREAT PYRAMIDS.
A large lenticular fossil of marine single-celled organisms, characterized by numerous coils that are divided into
chambers. Nummulites have a common diameter of about 0.5 to 2 inches and are common in Eocene and Miocene
marine rocks, particularly around southwest Asia and the Mediterranean. They are valuable index fossils.
Kingdom: Protozoa
Phylum: Foraminifera
Order: Fusulinida
5.
Phylum
Porifera
(Sponges)
multicellular organisms without tissues, organs, or body cavity
6.
Genus Astraeospongia
(Calcareous Sponge)
K. Animalia, P. porifera (sponges), invertebrate. a genus of saucer-shaped Silurian fossil sponges having
6-rayed stellate spicules and important as Paleozoic index fossils
-no symmetry
-no nerve or muscle tissue
-sessile
-filter nutrients from H2O drawn into a central cavity
-consists of only 2 cell layers: ectoderm and endoderm connected by noncellular mesoglea
-have specialized cells but not true tissues/organs
-fragmentation
-hermaphrodites
7.
Genus Hydnoceras (Glass
Sponge)
Invertebrate,
Kingdom Animalia,
Phylum Porifera (Sponge), O. Lyssakida, F. Dicyospongiidae. Vase shaped, thin walled,
8.
Phylum Bryozoa
The bryozoans, the moss animals whose colonies look like plants
9.
Genus Archimedes
Stratigraphic age range: Carboniferous-Permian
Growth form: Fenestrate
A colony of this specimen is known by what name? Zooaria
Lives in: Low-energy marine environment
Kingdom Animalia,
Phylum Bryozoa
10.
Genus Rhombopora
Kingdom Animalia,
Phylum Bryozoa
11.
Phylum Hemichordata
Acorn Worms
Burrowing marine worms
Gill Slits Present
Have a proboscis which is cone shaped like an acorn
12.
Class Graptolithina
(Graptolites)
Kingdom Animalia,
Phylum Hemichordata.
Invertebrates.
An extinct group of colonial organisms that lived from the Cabrian to the Carboniferous. Sometimes
resemble fossilized twigs.
13.
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
14.
Genus Favosites
Kingdom Animalia,
Phy. Cnidaria,
Cl. Anthozoa
Flattened to hemispherical colonies. Honey comb like appearance.
Common Name: HoneyComb Coral
The long columns making up this sample are known as: corallum
Stratigraphic age range: Ordovician-Permian
The mineral on the outer skeleton of this specimen composed of: Calcite
15.
Genus Halysites
Kingdom Animalia,
Phylum Cnidaria,
Cl. Anthozoa
Pan pipe formation. Chain like.
16.
Genus Heliophyllum
Kingdom Animalia,
Phylum Cnidaria,
Cl. Anthozoa (Horn and colonial corals).
branches.
17.
Genus Hexagonaria
Kingdom Animalia,
Phylum Cnidaria,
Cl. Anthozoa (Horn and colonial corals)
18.
Genus Septastraea
Kingdom Animalia,
Phylum Cnidaria,
Cl. Anthozoa (Horn and colonial corals). Honeycomb appearance. 12 septa all reaching toward
center.
19.
Phylum Anthropoda
20.
Order Eurypterida
(Eurypterid)
Subphylum Crustacea
success related to jointed appendages, segmentation, & hard exoskeleton
K. Animalia,
P. Arthropodea,
21.
Class
Insecta
(Insects)
K. Animalia,
P. Arthropoda.
Order Eurypterida
Terrestrial and freshwater arthropods. Greatest diversity of species. Bodies divided into head, thorax, abdomen, 3 pairs
of walking legs.
22.
Genus
Cryptolithus
Rock preserved in: Slate
Stratigraphic age range: Ordovician
The long protrusions off of the sides of the specimens are what anatomical
feature? Genal Spines
K. Animalia,
P. Arthropoda,
C. Trilobita (Trilobites).
Common name: "Lace Collar" Trilobites
23.
Genus
Calymene
Genus of trilobite dating from the Ordovician to the Devonian. Found mainly in North America, North America, and
Europe in Silurian outcrops. Does not have any spines on its body. Often found in a rolled position.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Trilobita
Order: Eurypterida
24.
Genus Elrathia
K. Animalia,
P. Arthopoda,
C. Trilobita (Trilobites).
25.
Genus Isotelus
A genus of asaphid trilobite from the mid to late Ordovician. Common in the northeast US, Quebec, and Ontario.
One of the species, Isotelus rex, is currently the largest trilobite fossil to have ever been found.
The head and tail shields are semi-circular and similar in shape.
The thorax has 8 segments and a raised middle lobe.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Trilobita
Order: Eurypterida
26.
Genus
Phacops
Type of eyes: Schizochroal
Has anatomical features of: Glabella
Kind of rock is this specimen preserved in: Fossiliferous Limestone
Kind of environment does this rock represent: Shallow marine, high energy
A genus of trilobite that lived in Europe and North America in the Silurian and Devonian. It was a rounded animal, with
a globose (shaped like a globe) head and large eyes, and probably fed on detritus.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Trilobita
Order: Eurypterida
27.
Phylum
Brachiopoda
28.
Genus
Lingula
K. Animalia
Classes. Inarticulata, Articulata
K. Animalia,
P. Brachiopoda,
C. Inarticulate,
Thin shell, Fine growth lines only.
29.
Genus
Atrypa
A genus of brachiopoda with round and short egg-shaped shells that have small, fine radial ridges known as costae.
Atrypa lived from the Silurian to the Devonian (436-382 mya).
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Brachiopoda
Class: Articulata
30.
Genus
Composita
Stratigraphic age range: Devonian-Permian
Shell form: Biconvex
Know what Anterior or Posterior of the specimen means.
Dorsal valve or the ventral valve of
the specimen.
a brachiopoda genus that lived from the Devonian to the Permian
K. Animalia,
P. Brachiopoda,
C. Articulate
31.
Genus
Juresania
K. Animalia,
P. Brachiopoda,
C. articulate.
Invertebrate
Class: Articulata
Exhibits a fold and sulcus.
Has fine costae.
Hinge line is about half of the width of the shell.
Specimen first appeared during what geologic age? Pennsylvanian.
Spinose structure on this specimen is indicative of what Order? Productida.
Filter-feeding mechanism, possessed by both Brachiopoda and Bryozoa,
incorporates both phyla into the group Lophophorata? Lophophore.
Shell form is concavo-convex.
32.
Genus
Leptaena
a genus of extinct brachiopods (lamp shells) commonly found as fossils in Ordovician to Lower Carboniferous
sedimentary rocks
This specimen shares a Family with what other specimen on the Fossil List? Rafesquina
Stratigraphic age range: Ordovician-Carboniferous
Shell form of this specimen? Concavo-convex
Does this specimen possess a spondylium?No.Does this specimen possess a spondylium?
33.
Genus
Mucrospirifer
Phylum Brachiopoda
Stratigraphic age range: Devonian_
This fossil is preserved in: limestone
Shell form: Biconvex
Every major animal phylum emerged in the Cambrian EXCEPT __ Bryozoa.
34.
Genus
Platystrophia
an extinct genus of brachiopod that lived from the Ordovician to the Silurian in Asia, Europe, North America, and
South America
P. Brachiopoda
C. Articulata
35.
Genus
Rafinesquina
Rafinesquina is an extinct genus of concavo-convex brachiopod that lived during the Ordovician. It was a
suspension feeder. It had wide shells that were a couple inches across. Common in the Cincinnati, Ohio area.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Brachiopoda
Class: Articulata
36.
Genus
Rhynchonellida
37.
Phylum
Mollusca
one of the largest phyla composed of many diverse organisms; all have a soft body; body structure composed of three
parts; body symmetry: bilaterarl eg. octopus, snails, oysters
38.
Genus
Exogyra
Extinct molluscan genus common in shallow-water marine deposits of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods from about
200 to 65 mya. Exogyra is characterized by its very thick shell, which attained massive proportions. The left valve (shell)
is spirally twisted, whereas the right valve is flattish and much smaller.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
39.
Genus
Gryphaea
Common Name: Devil's toenails
stratigraphic age range: Triassic-Eocene
2 valves: Right or Left.
Ecological role: Suspension Feeder
This specimen DOES NOT display teeth or sockets. No teeth or sockets.
a genus of extinct oysters,
marine bivalve mollusks in the family Gryphaeidae
40.
Genus
Pecten
A genus of large scallops or saltwater clams. They are bivalve mollusks. First appeared in the Cretaceous and exist
to the present. A Pecten shell is used for the logo of Shell Oil Co. These fossils are found all over the world.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
41.
Genus
Glycymeris
42.
Subclass
Ammonoidea
Suture pattern: Ammonitic
Stratigraphic age range: Jurassic-Cretaceous
White, pearlescent outer shell on the specimen: Nacre OR Mother of Pearl
Mode of preservation: Mold and Actual Remains
Devonian to Cretaceous
(Ammonoids)
43.
Genus Baculites
an extinct cephalopod genus with a nearly straight shell, included in the heteromorph ammonites
44.
Genus Dactylioceras
an extremely important fossil in biostratigraphy, being a key index fossil for identifying the Jurassic
45.
Genus Belemnitella
K. animalia,
P. Mollusca,
Cl. Cephalopoda,
O. Belemnitida,
Cone shaped. Surface of guard carries a network of intricately branching, shallow grooves.
46.
Genus Nautilus
a genus of cephalopods in the family Nautilidae; species in this genus differ significantly in terms of morphology
47.
Genus
Orthoceras
stratigraphic age range: Ordovician-Triassic
anatomic feature labelled: Siphuncle_
anatomic feature labelled: Camera
anatomic feature labelled:
Orthochoantic Septal Neck
What kind of rock is this specimen preserved in: Agate
Genus of extinct nautiloid cephalopod.
Common and has a global distribution, occurring in any marine rock, especially limestone.
Slender, elongate shells with the middle of the body chamber transversely constricted, and a subcentral
orthochomanitic siphuncle.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
48.
Genus
Conus
Large genus of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, with the common names of cone snails
or cone shells. The shells of this genus are shaped more or less like geometric cones, and many species have colorful
patterning on the shell surface. Cone snails are tropical in distribution and have lived from the Eocene epoch (56-38
mya, Paleogene) to the present.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda (Snails)
49.
Genus
Cypraea
K. animalia,
P. Mollusca,
Cl. Gastropoda (snails),
medium-sized to large sea snails or cowries, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries
50.
Genus
Platyceras
a genus of extinct Paleozoic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Platyceratidae
51.
Genus
Turritella
Medium-sized sea snails (marine gastropod mollusks) with an operculum. They have tightly coiled shells, whose
overall shape is basically that of an elongated cone. The name Turritella comes from the Latin word turritus,
meaning "turreted" or "towered". Lived from the Cretaceous to the present.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
52.
Genus
Worthenia
Worthenia is an extinct genus of sea snails, which were marine gastropods. Lived during the Devonian to the Triassic
(416 million to 200 million years ago), but are especially characteristic of late Carboniferous fossil beds (318 to 299
mya) in central North America. The shell has a turban shape, in which a raised ridge follows the margin of the
whorls. Small nodes occur along the ridge, and the opening of the shell is oval and large.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
53.
Phylum
Echinodermata
54.
Class
Asteroidea
starfish
starfish
55.
Genus
Pentremites
These blastoid echinoderms could reach a height of about 4 inches. They were related to crinoids, living on the sea
floor attatched by a stalk. They trapped food floating in the currents by means of tentable-like appendices. Lived in the
early Carboniferous, from 360 to 314 mya. Its fossils come from North America.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Blastoidea
56.
Class
Crinoidea
stratigraphic age range: Ordovician-Present
anatomic structure labelled: Aboral Cup
anatomic structures labelled: Pinnules
What roles do Pinnules serve? Feeding, locomotion, and reproduction- all of these
(Stems, columns, calyxes)
57.
Class
Enchinoidea
sea urchins and sand dollars
58.
Class
Ophiuroidea
Brittle stars
59.
Phylum
Chordata
60.
Genus
Bothriolepis
vertebrates
Was the most widespread, abundant and diverse genus of antiarch placoderms (armored fish), with over 100 species
spread across the middle to late Devonian strata across every continent. Most species were relatively small, benthic
(lived at the bottom), freshwater detritivores (bottomfeeder, eats detritus) averaging around 12 inches in length. The
fossils are found in freshwater sediments.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Placodermi
61.
Genus
Dunkleosteus
a genus of prehistoric fish existing during the Late Devonian period, about 380-360 million years ago
Extinct armored placodermi fish (armored jawed fish) (late Devonian)-only head plate known for sure
Dunkleosteus could quickly open and close its jaw, like modern day suction feeders
Numerous fossils of the various species have been found in North America, Poland, Belgium, and Morocco
The name Dunkleosteus combines the Greek osteus, meaning "bone", and Dunkle, in honor of David Dunkle of the
Cleveland Museum of Natural History.
Dunkleosteus is an extinct genus of arthrodire placoderm fish that existed during the Late Devonian period, about
358-382 million years ago.
Dunkle's bone = Common Name
Aside from armour, the bony plates of Dunkleosteus could have served two further purposes. As a predatory
placoderm, Dunkleosteus likely attacked other related placoderms that had the same kind of bony plates for
protection. In the absence of a harder organic material, Dunkleosteus would at least need the same material to break
through the armour. Shape the material to a sharp bladed edge, and you have a chance of cutting through it. The
second reason is that the jaws need enough driving power to cut and break apart armoured prey, and the only way
that this could happen is if Dunkleosteus had incredibly powerful jaw muscles. However these muscles would in turn
require strong supports and attachments otherwise the jaws could not be brought to bear with their full force. This is
likely why Dunkleosteus and other related placoderms like Eastmanosteus retained armoured heads.
Although Dunkleosteus had a powerful bite it was not the strongest amongst fish, that title goes to the gigantic shark
C. megalodon that lived several hundred million years later.
Even though it was a top predator that could prey on just about any other animal
it wanted to, Dunkleosteus could not digest bone. It is common to find masses of
partially digested fish bones associated with Dunkleosteus fossils. This indicates
that they routinely regurgitated the inedible parts of prey.
• Dunkleosteus is only known from its head armor. Its body was made made of
cartilage and does not preserve in the fossil record. As a result of this, scientists
do not know for sure exactly what the animal looked like in life.
62.
Superorder
Selachimorpha
sharks
63.
Genus
Carcharodon
Carcharodon, or great white sharks, are a large genus of shark. They are mainly known for their size, growing up to
21 feet in length and over 3 tons in weight. Fossils are mostly teeth, as they had cartilaginous skeletons.
64.
Class
Megalodon
Giant Shark member of Carcharocles genus
65.
Superorder
Batoidea
rays
66.
Class Actinopterygii
Members of this Class first appeared during which geologic period: Silurian
This specimen was found in an area known as Fossil Lake. Fossil Lake is located
within what Konservat-Lagerstätte?
Green River Formation
Konservat-Lagerstätte represents what geologic period? Paleogene
Kind of environment does this rock represent? Lacustrine
ray-finned bony fishes
-swim bladder
-bony skeleton
-bony jaws
-fins are webs of skin supported by bony rays or spines
-fins are moved by internal body muscles (no bones in fin itself)
-protective scales
67.
Order
Coelacanthiformes
A rare order of fish consisting of Genus Latimeria and the Indonesian coelacanth.
Oldest known lineage of Sarcopteygii
68.
Genus Tiktaalik
a monospecific genus of extinct sarcopterygian (lobe-finned fish) from the
late Devonian period,
about 375 MYA , with many features akin to those of tetrapods, may be bridge between water and land
organisms
69.
Genus
Acanthostega
AQUATIC TETRAPOD
Extinct genus of stem-tetrapod, among the first vertebrate animals to have recognizable limbs.
It appeared in the late Devonian age,
365 mya and was in between lobe-finned fishes and animals fully capable of coming on land.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
"stem-tetrapod; primarily aquatic, shallow water, internal gills, 8 digits/foot
70.
Genus Eryops
Eryops is an extinct genus of amphibian temnospondyls (tetrapods, primitive amphibians).
Its name means "drawn-out face" because most of its skull is in front of the eyes. It lived during the Pennsylvanian to
the Permian, 300-295 million years ago and ranged 1.5-2 meters (4.9-6.6 feet) in length.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
71.
Genus Diplocaulus
Extinct genus of lepospondyl amphibian
the Permian period.
It is one of the largest lepospondyls, with its boomerang-shaped skull.
Its fossils are found exclusively in North America, except for one found in Morocco.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
72.
Order Ichthyosauria (Ichthyosaurs)
Ichthyosaurs were large marine reptiles.
Ichthyosaurs thrived during much of the Mesozoic era;
appearing about 250 mya and at least one species existed until about 90 mya.
Appear similar to modern dolphins, and averaged 6-13 ft. in length.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
73.
Family
Mosasauridae
(Mosasaurs)
Mode of Preservation: Permineralization
Stratigraphic age range: Cretaceous (late)
Lived Approximately 98 to 65 million years ago
This specimen's Family became the dominant predator of its environment after
the decline of what Order: Plesiosauria
This Specimen cannot be found in Ohio.
Long Body, Skull, and Flippers.
Jaw was double Hinged
About 17 meters long
74.
Order
Plesiosauria
(Plesiosaurs)
Mesozoic marine reptiles that first appeared in the late Triassic, 205 mya.
They became common during the Jurassic period until their extinction in the KT event 65 mya.
They had a worldwide oceanic distribution. They had a broad, flat body and a short tail. Their limbs had evolved
into four long flippers. Plesiosaurs breathed air and bore live young, and there are indications that they were warm
blooded.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
75.
Order
Pterosauria
Extinct order of flying archosaurs.
76.
Genus
Allosaurus
a genus of large theropod dinosaur that lived 155 to 150 million years ago during the late Jurassic period
77.
Genus
Diplodocus
78.
Genus
Coelophysis
an extinct genus of coelophysid theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 203 to 196 million years ago during the
latter part of the Triassic Period in what is now the southwestern United States
79.
Genus
Dilophosaurus
80.
Genus
Plateosaurus
Genus of plateosaurid dinosaur that lived during the late Triassic, around 214 to 204 mya in what is now central and
northern Europe. Plateosaurus had the typical body shape of a herbivorous bipedal dinosaur: a small skull, a long
and flexible neck, a stocky body, and a long, mobile tail.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Saurischia
81.
Genus
Velociraptor
a genus of dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 75 to 71 million years ago during the later
part of the Cretaceous Period
82.
Genus
Tyrannosaurus
Extinct genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. It is one of the most well-represented of the large theropods. It
had a much wider range than other tyrranosaurids and lived 68-66 million years ago, during the late Cretaceous.
Tyrannosaurus was among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the KT extinction. It lived throughout what is
now western North America, which was then an island continent called Laramidia. Tyrannosaurus was bipedal,
carnivorous, and had a massive skull that was balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to its large hind limbs, its
forelimbs were short but still powerful for their size and had two clawed digits.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Saurischia
83.
Genus
Iguanodon
a genus of ornithopod dinosaur that existed roughly halfway between the first of the swift bipedal
hypsilophodontids of the mid-Jurassic and the duck-billed dinosaurs of the late Cretaceous
84.
Genus
Parasaurolophus
Genus of ornithopod dinosaur that lived in North America during the late Cretaceous, about 76.5-73 million years
ago. It was and herbivore that walked both as a biped and a quadruped. Known for its large, elaborate cranial
crest. Parasaurolophus was about 31 ft. in length and weighed 2.8 tons.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Ornithischia
85.
Genus
Stegosaurus
Genus of armored dinosaur. It is one of the most recognizable dinosaurs, with its double row of kite-shaped plates
on its back and the two pairs of spikes on its tail. Stegosaurus lived in what is now western North America. In
2006, a specimen was also found in Portugal, showing that they were also present in Europe.
Lived during the late Jurassic.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Ornithischia
86.
Genus
Triceratops
a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur that first appeared during the late Maastrichtian stage of the late
Cretaceous period, about 68 million years ago in what is now North America
87.
Genus
Ankylosaurus
88.
Genus
Dracorex
89.
Genus
Archaeopteryx
Archaeopteryx was a genus of early birds and a transition species, showing the evolution from feathered dinosaurs
to modern birds. It lived in the late Jurassic period around 150 million years ago, in Europe. It was roughly the size
of a raven (wingspan around 4 feet).
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
90.
Genus Titanis
Terror bird
91.
Siltstone
fine-grained sedimentary rock generally composed of very small quartz grains
92.
Genus
Calamites
a genus of extinct arborescent (tree-like) horsetails to which the modern horsetails (genus Equisetum) are closely
related
Annularia is conspecific with which other fossil on the list? Calamite
93.
Genus Annularia
Carboniferous plant fossil. It is a form taxon. Its radiating structures are most likely the leaves of Calamites.
Stratigraphic age range: Carboniferous
This specimen is classified based on MORPHOLOGY, making it a FORM taxon.
The anatomic structure is preserved: Leaves
What kind of sedimentary structure is this specimen preserved in? Concretion
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Pteridophyta
Class: Equisetopsida
Order: Equisetales
Family: Calamitaceae
Genus: Annularia
94.
Phylum
Pteridospermatophyta
95.
Genus Glossopteris
...
Meaning tongue, because the leaves were tongue shaped. The largest and best-known genus of the extinct
order of seed ferns. They arose in the southern hemisphere around the beginning of the Permian (298 mya).
More than 70 species of this genus have been recognized in India alone, with additional species from South
America, Australia, Africa, Madagascar, and Antarctica. Glossopteris was a woody, seed-bearing shrub or
tree, some apparently reaching 98 ft tall.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Pteridospermatophyta
96.
Phylum Pterophyta
true ferns
97.
Genus Pecopteris
generally Carboniferous
98.
Trace Fossil
a fossil of a footprint, trail, burrow, or other trace of an animal rather than of the animal itself.
99.
Stromatolites
specimen first appeared in the fossil record during what eon? Archean
organism(s) produced this specimen? Cyanobacteria
This specimen was collected in Sanpete County, Utah, and is Eocene in age.
What is the environment in which this specimen thrived? Lacustrine
Ancestors of this specimen were responsible for what great event in Earth's
history? Great Oxygenation Event (GOE)_
layered rocks that form when certain prokaryotes bind thin films of sediment together
100.
Amber copal
Copal, an immature and controversial resin, is a much younger form of tree resin compared to the prehistoric nature
of true fossil amber.
101.
petrified
wood
..., stone formed from minerals filling in cellls of wood as it decayed; looks exactly like the plant that had been there
in the first place, except it is stone
102.
Coquina
A sedimentary rock made from fossilized seashells stuck together.
103.
Limestone
a hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of calcium carbonate or dolomite, used as building material and in the
making of cement.
104.
Sandstone
a sedimentary rock consisting of sand consolidated with some cement (clay or quartz etc.)
105.
Shale
soft, finely stratified sedimentary rock that formed from consolidated mud or clay and can be split easily into fragile
slabs.
106.
Mudstone
a blocky, poorly bedded, fine-grained sedimentary rock produced by the lithification of mud
107.
Siltstone
A sedimentary rock that contains mostly silt and looks similar to mudstone or very fine grained sandstone; the
lithified equivalent of silt
108.
Coprolite
(fossilized
feces)
Mode of preservation: Permineralization
rich in what two elements? Iron and Phosphorus
Environment was this specimen deposited? Terrestrial
By examining coprolites, paleontologists are able to find information about the diet of the animal (if bones or other
food remains are present), such as whether it was a herbivorous or carnivorous, and the taphonomy of the
coprolites, although the producer is rarely identified unambiguously, especially with more ancient examples.
109.
Chondrichthyes
(Cartilagenous
Fish)
- have jaws *
- paired fins
- gill openings not covered
- skeleton made of cartilage
This is a class
110.
Sandstone
A sedimentary rock formed by cementing grains of sand over time.
111.
Foraminifera
(Forams)
have pseudopods, eat diatoms and bacteria, their shell is made of calcium carbonate, and it resembles a
snail
Phylum in Kingdom Protozoa (Protist)
112.
Porifera (sponges)
-no symmetry
-no nerve or muscle tissue
-sessile
-filter nutrients from H2O drawn into a central cavity
-consists of only 2 cell layers: ectoderm and endoderm connected by noncellular mesoglea
-have specialized cells but not true tissues/organs
-fragmentation
-hermaphrodites
113.
siltstone
fine-grained sedimentary rock generally composed of very small quartz grains
114.
Permineralization
occurs when minerals carried by water are deposited around a hard structure
115.
Petrification/silicification
When the organic matter is completely replaced by minerals and the fossil is turned into stone
116.
Mineral replacement
the process where pore spaces of an organism's buried parts are filled in with minerals from groundwater
117.
Cast/mold
an impression(cast) of an organism is left in rock and is filled by different stone(mold)
118.
Imprints
impressions of parts of organisms left in soil or sediment before it hardens
119.
Chert
120.
Coquina
A hard, compact, fine-grained sedimentary rock formed almost entirely of silica.
a soft porous limestone composed of shell and coral
121.
Diatomite
Sedimentary Rocks, Biochemical rock, white, no Hcl reaction, similar to chalk
122.
Dolomite
Thin, platy cream-colored crystals possibly has black specks between crystals.
123.
Chalk
(limestone)
Sedimentary, organic, made of once living things, formed from microscopic shelled organisms that die sink and
compact to form a rock, formed in deep oceans, low energy environments, reacts to acid.
124.
Fossiliferous
Limestone
Sedimentary, A rock: sedimentary, composed of calcite with various size shells cemented with calcite cement.
125.
Mudstone
a blocky, poorly bedded, fine-grained sedimentary rock produced by the lithification of mud
126.
Shale
soft, finely stratified sedimentary rock that formed from consolidated mud or clay and can be split easily into fragile
slabs.
127.
Petrified
Wood
..., stone formed from minerals filling in cellls of wood as it decayed; looks exactly like the plant that had been there
in the first place, except it is stone
128.
Amber/Copal
Amber is fossilized tree resin. The oldest amber dates back to 320 mya, during the Carboniferous period. Copal is
tree resin that is partially fossilized, and is generally younger. Copal can age anywhere from 50 to 1 million years old
and is often used as incense by indigenous people in Africa and Central America.
129.
Stromatolites
layered rocks that form when certain prokaryotes bind thin films of sediment together
130.
Coprolites
Fossil POOP- petrified remains of animal dung
131.
Glossopteris
a genus of fossilized woody plants/ferns found as fossils that have been dated to roughly 300 to 200 million
years. The fossils currently exist on five continents. The distribution of this plant was among the first evidence for
continental drift.
CONTINENTAL DRIFT EVIDENCE
132.
Metasequoia
Dawn Redwood
133.
Lepidodendron
(scale tree)
Genus containing scale trees
134.
Ginkgo
Genus containing ginko trees
135.
Platanus
Genus containing sycamore trees, member of Phylum Anthophyta
136.
Populus
Genus containing cottonwood trees, member of Phylum Anthophyta
137.
Acer
138.
Smilodon
Genus containing maple trees, member of Phylum Anthophyta
Saber-toothed cat
139.
Mammut (Mastodon)
140.
Mammuthus (mammoth)
141.
Megacerops
142.
Mesohippus
143.
Homo
neanderthalensis
the species before us homo sapiens; lived form 30,000 to 300,000 years ago; they were stronger and had
bigger brains
144.
Equus
145.
Basilosaurus
Mammals that returned to the seas as the top marine carnivores of the Eocene
Prehistoric whale
146.
Dimetrodon
a large, carnivorous, synapsid fossil reptile of the Permian period, with long spines on its back supporting a
sail-like crest.
147.
Lystrosaurus
Land reptile fossil located on multiple continents; evidence of continental drift
148.
Archaeopteryx
extinct primitive toothed bird of the Jurassic period having a long feathered tail and hollow bones
149.
Pterosuria
(Pterosaurs)
150.
Triceratops
a dinosaur with three horns- two long horns above the eyes and one short horn on the nose
151.
Stegosaurus
herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur with a row of bony plates along its back and a spiked tail probably used as a
weapon
152.
Parasaurolophus
Lived in the late Cretaceous; name means "Beside Saurolophus"
near crested lizard
153.
Iguanodon
first described herbivorous dinosaur
"iguana tooth", first described herbivorous dinosaur
154.
Tyrannosaurus
large carnivorous bipedal dinosaur having enormous teeth with knifelike serrations
155.
Velociraptor
(noun) a dinosaur having a long head with a flat snout and a large sickle-shaped claw on the second toe of each
foot.
156.
Plateosaurus
Lived in the late Triassic; name means "Flat Reptile"
157.
Coelophysis
Triassic
158.
Allosaurus
leaping lizard
159.
Diplocaulus
160.
Eryops
most famous Paleozoic amphibian; evolved from lobe-finned fish, adapted many fish-like characteristics for land life
161.
Acanthostega
AQUATIC TETRAPOD
"stem-tetrapod; primarily aquatic, shallow water, internal gills, 8 digits/foot
162.
Placodermi (Armored Fish)
163.
Bothriolepis
Note: Genus of placodermi